Anti-rollover TBM cutterhead system testing device and testing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-rollover TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) cutterhead system testing device and a testing method. The testing device comprises a telescopic pressure control oil cylinder, a pressure sensor, a supporting table, an electronic valve, a rock slag funnel, movable rock slag, a temperature detection lens, an electromagnet a, a hob, a cutterhead system, an electromagnet b, a cutterhead support, a tilt angle sensor, a torque sensor, a transmission shaft a, an axial thrust bearing, a coupler, a transmission shaft b, a motor, a guide rail, a sliding block, an iron wire filter screen and a supporting frame. The device comprises a collecting barrel, a supporting plate, a mass sensor, a supporting rod, a threaded hole, a positioning pin and a control switchboard. The testing method can be matched with the testing device to smoothly complete the abrasion testing process of the TBM cutterhead system, and a secondary abrasion mechanism of the TBM cutterhead system is disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wear experimental testing and testing methods of cutterhead systems of underground space excavation equipment, and in particular to a testing device and a testing method for a rollover-proof TBM cutterhead system. Background Art

[0002] The full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large-scale tunneling equipment that integrates excavation, navigation and support. During the operation of the TBM, the front-end cutterhead system is mainly used to push forward and rotate to rotate and cut the rock face. The cutterhead system is the most severely loaded part and the most vulnerable part of the TBM. The TBM cutterhead system includes a disc cutter and a cutterhead panel. During the excavation process, the TBM first uses the disc cutter on the cutterhead system to peel off the rock debris from the face. At this time, the disc cutter will experience severe friction and wear, which can be called "primary wear". The peeled rock debris will accumulate at the "front and bottom" of the cutterhead system due to gravity, and then the bucket on the cutterhead panel will be used to scoop up the rock debris. The rock debris rotates with the cutterhead and finally slides into the slag bucket under the action of gravity. When the cutterhead panel pushes and rotates to stir the rock debris, the rock debris will scrape the cutterhead panel and the disc cutter, resulting in "secondary wear" of the disc cutter and the cutterhead panel on the cutterhead system. The "secondary wear" is caused by the scraping of the movable rock debris. Unlike the roller cutter, although the cutterhead panel is also near the rock face, it is not in direct contact with the rock face. Therefore, the "secondary wear" between the cutterhead panel and the rock slag is the fundamental cause of the friction and wear of the cutterhead system. Engineering results show that the secondary wear of the cutterhead system is the core factor that restricts the life prediction and anti-wear design of the cutterhead. Therefore, it is extremely important to master the "secondary wear" law of the cutterhead system.

[0003] It is a simple and feasible method to master the wear law of the cutterhead system by designing a reasonable indoor cutterhead system test device and test method. For example, the invention patent applied by Changsha College (patent number: 201811158653.7), named: A shield tool material wear test bench, proposed a motor-driven roller material friction and wear test bench; the invention patent applied by Hunan Normal University (201910466762.3), named: A cutter ring wear test device and test method under water jet and corrosive liquid, proposed a TBM roller friction and wear test device under jet and corrosive liquid environment; the invention patent applied by China Railway Tunnel Bureau Co., Ltd. (application number: 201810108092.3), named: A high-efficiency roller abrasion test device, designed a roller rock wear test device that saves friction time.

[0004] There are some other friction and wear test devices for cutterhead systems, but they are mainly used for the "primary wear" test experiment of the roller cutter in the cutterhead system, that is, the cutterhead system is mainly rubbed against fixed rocks, and the wear conditions of movable rock slag cannot be taken into account, so the "secondary wear" test experiment of the cutterhead system cannot be carried out. Therefore, it is urgent to design a test device and test method that can carry out the "secondary wear" of the cutterhead system to reflect the friction and wear process of the real TBM cutterhead when it is advancing and rotating.

[0005] By comparing the "secondary wear" working conditions of the cutterhead system in actual projects, it can be found that the "secondary wear" of the cutterhead system is caused by the friction of the accumulated rock debris between the cutterhead system and the tunnel face. Under the influence of gravity, the rock debris is mainly accumulated in the front and lower part of the cutterhead panel. In particular, due to the "delayed drainage" characteristics of the rock debris, a large amount of movable rock debris will be accumulated in the front and lower part of the cutterhead panel. When the TBM cutterhead system is in the process of forward rotation, due to the influence of the accumulated rock debris, the cutterhead panel is prone to overload (the cutterhead is loaded below and unloaded above, forming a flipping effect). In order to effectively reflect the real "secondary wear" working conditions, the real friction and wear characteristics of the cutterhead system being overloaded by rock debris must be taken into account, but this will cause the corresponding simulated cutterhead system in the test experimental device to be overloaded, resulting in the imbalance of the test experimental device or even flip failure. Therefore, in order to enable the designed test device to complete the "secondary wear" experiment of the cutterhead system under the overload condition, it is necessary to consider designing a cutterhead system wear test device that can automatically balance and prevent rollover. To this end, the present invention targets the real wear and eccentric load condition of "secondary wear" of TBM cutter head, uses movable rock slag as the friction and wear medium, and designs an anti-rollover TBM cutter head system testing device and testing method to realize secondary wear testing and monitoring of the cutter head system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for a TBM cutter head system that can prevent rollover. The test device can overcome the overload problem of the cutter head system caused by the slag accumulation effect, and can realize the secondary friction and wear experiment of the cutter head system under movable slag. At the same time, it can realize the automation of slag feeding, which can provide a basis for the exploration of the "secondary wear" mechanism of the TBM cutter head system and the anti-wear design of the cutter head system.

[0007] The present invention is mainly realized through the following scheme, and the present invention mainly includes a telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder, a pressure sensor, a support platform, an electronic valve, a slag funnel, a movable slag, a temperature detection lens, an electromagnet a, a roller cutter, a cutter head system, an electromagnet b, a cutter head bracket, an inclination sensor, a torque sensor, a transmission shaft a, an axial thrust bearing, a coupling, a transmission shaft b, a motor, a guide rail, a slider, a wire filter, a support frame, a collection bucket, a support plate, a mass sensor, a support rod, a threaded hole, a positioning pin, and a control switchboard.

[0008] One end of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder is connected to the fixed end on the ground, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the support platform; the slag funnel is connected above the support platform, and the movable slag is installed in the slag funnel; the electronic valve is connected below the slag funnel to control whether the movable slag falls or not; the front end of the support platform is a palm face, and a slide groove is opened inside the support platform, and the end of the slide groove is at the palm face position at the front end of the support platform; the movable slag can slide from the slag funnel along the slide groove to the palm face position at the front end of the support platform, and the wire filter is connected to the built-in slider at the front lower part of the support platform, which can support the movable slag that slides down and form slag accumulation; the electromagnet a is arranged at this end of the support platform palm face, and the temperature detection lens is arranged at the palm face end of the support platform, which is used to measure the surface wear temperature of the cutter head system and the upper end temperature of the movable slag during the friction and wear process.

[0009] The cutter disc system is equipped with the corresponding roller cutter, and the front end of the cutter disc system and the roller cutter are in contact with the movable rock slag, which may cause friction and wear; the cutter disc system is connected to the cutter disc bracket, and the front end of the cutter disc bracket is equipped with the electromagnet b so as to generate repulsive force with the electromagnet a when the load is offset; the rear end of the cutter disc bracket is equipped with the inclination sensor, and the inclination sensor can monitor the inclination angle of the cutter disc system and the cutter disc bracket after the load is offset, and the rear end of the cutter disc bracket is connected with the transmission shaft a, and the transmission shaft a passes through the axial thrust bearing and is connected to the coupling, and the coupling is connected to the transmission shaft b connected to the motor; the inner ring of the axial thrust bearing is interference connected with the transmission shaft a, and the outer ring of the axial thrust bearing is fixed; the torque sensor is installed on the transmission shaft a, and the motor transmits power to the cutter disc system through the transmission shaft b and the transmission shaft a.

[0010] In addition to monitoring the inclination angle caused by the overload of the cutter disc system, the inclination sensor can also transmit the monitoring signal to the control switchboard. The control switchboard can control the strength of the magnetism between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b according to the inclination angle so as to achieve different repulsive forces; the torque sensor is used to monitor the rotational torque of the cutter disc system; the thrust of the cutter disc system is reflected by the oil pressure in the telescopic pressure control cylinder, and the pressure sensor is installed in the telescopic pressure control cylinder to monitor the thrust of the telescopic pressure control cylinder.

[0011] The support platform is cylindrical in shape, and the face material at the front end of the support platform is made of extremely wear-resistant material, which can eliminate the influence of the movable rock slag on its friction and wear; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder can control the axial sliding of the support platform and realize constant thrust loading, so that the axial thrust between the cutter head system, the movable rock slag and the support platform is constant; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder is generally an even number and is symmetrically connected to the support platform to ensure that the support platform is balanced; a number of wheels are installed at the bottom end of the support platform, and the wheels are in contact with the guide rail and can slide on the guide rail to play a supporting and guiding sliding role; the electromagnet a arranged in the upper semicircular area of ​​the face at the front end of the support platform is in a semicircular ring shape; the magnetism of the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b is realized by the size of the current, and the strength of the current is autonomously adjusted by the control switchboard according to feedback; the temperature detection lens is installed as far upward as possible on the premise of ensuring the monitoring field of view to ensure that it cannot contact the movable rock slag.

[0012] The cutterhead system is a scaled-down TBM cutterhead system. The material of the cutterhead system is consistent with that of a real TBM cutterhead system and can be worn by friction from the movable rock debris. The cutterhead system is also cylindrical in shape, and its diameter is appropriately less than or equal to the diameter of the support platform. The cutterhead bracket has two locating pins and two threaded holes. The cutterhead system has four countersunk holes, two of which cooperate with the locating pins of the cutterhead bracket to achieve positioning of the cutterhead system before installation. The other two countersunk holes of the cutterhead system are used for bolts to pass through the threaded holes connected to the cutterhead bracket to achieve a tight connection between the cutterhead system and the cutterhead bracket. The bolts are easy to loosen and disassemble, and the bolt caps and the locating pins are both sunk in the countersunk holes to ensure that the bolt caps and the locating pins are not rubbed by the movable rock debris.

[0013] The electromagnet b built into the cutter disc bracket is annular in shape, and its average radius size is consistent with that of the electromagnet a, and the two are on the same axis, and the two are just facing each other, but the radial size of the electromagnet a is larger, ensuring that the electromagnet a can also be aligned with the electromagnet b when the cutter disc system is deflected; the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b is realized in the following way: when the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder pushes the support platform to squeeze the movable rock slag and the cutter disc system, the cutter disc system rotates under the drive of the motor; due to the off-load effect of the movable rock slag on the cutter disc system, the The cutter disc bracket is in the form of a flipping eccentric load force, thereby changing the tilt angle of the cutter disc bracket, and the inclination sensor transmits the inclination angle caused by the flipping eccentric load to the control switchboard, and the control switchboard adjusts the strength of the magnetism in the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, so that a suitable repulsive force is generated between the top of the cutter disc system and the upper end of the support platform, until the cutter disc system returns to a new equilibrium position. At this time, the corresponding inclination angle of the inclination sensor is restored to 0, that is, the eccentric load effect caused by the movable rock slag is eliminated, and at this time the control switchboard needs to maintain the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b unchanged, thereby maintaining The inclination angle of the cutter disc system is 0; when the cutter disc system is worn or the movable rock slag is crushed to cause a new eccentric load, the control switchboard continuously adjusts the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b according to the inclination angle signal monitored in real time by the inclination sensor, so as to achieve a dynamic balance in the secondary wear process of the cutter disc system and eliminate the influence of the eccentric load effect; the matching adjustment relationship between the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b and the inclination angle signal of the inclination sensor caused by the eccentric load of the cutter disc system can be obtained by the previous calibration experiment, and each eccentric load corresponds to a inclination angle signal of the inclination sensor. Each inclination angle signal of the inclination sensor corresponds to a repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b that can restore the balance of the cutter disc system. The calibration process can densify the corresponding relationship points as much as possible. Through calibration, the corresponding relationship between the inclination angle of the cutter disc system and the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b can be obtained. In this way, as long as the inclination angle of the inclination sensor is monitored, the control switchboard can respond quickly, adjust the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, and immediately eliminate the off-load effect of the cutter disc system, avoid imbalance or even flipping of the test device due to off-load, and ensure the smooth completion of the experiment.

[0014] One side of the slider is installed in the T-shaped slide groove at the bottom of the support platform, and the other side is semicircular and has an arc-shaped narrow groove, and the wire filter is also semicircular; the wire filter can just be inserted into the arc groove on the slider, so that the wire mesh and the slider are connected, the bottom of the slider is in contact with the support frame, and the edge of the wire filter is also in contact with the support frame to prevent the wire filter from deforming and bending greatly after bearing weight; the support frame is connected to the support rod below, and the support rod is installed on the support plate, and the collecting bucket is placed in the middle area of ​​the support plate, and the support plate can slide on the guide rail along with the support platform as a whole; the support rod can be telescopically adjusted in the vertical direction, thereby driving the support frame to move up and down, thereby driving the slider to slide up and down in the T-shaped slide groove of the support platform, realizing the vertical movement of the wire filter, so that the wire filter It can wrap the bottom of the cutter disc system and adjust the gap between the wire filter and the cutter disc system to ensure that the movable rock slag does not fall from the gap between the wire filter and the cutter disc system; the wire filter can confine the movable rock slag that slides down from the rock slag funnel between the support platform and the cutter disc system; the wire filter structure is in a mesh shape with mesh holes of a certain size, and the ground powdered rock slag or fine rock slag will fall from the mesh holes and fall into the collecting bucket. The mass sensor is contained below the collecting bucket to monitor the total mass of the falling powdered rock slag. After reaching a certain mass value, the mass sensor will send a signal to the electronic valve through the control switchboard. The electronic valve will be opened for a certain time and then closed to allow the movable rock slag of the corresponding mass to fall, thereby realizing automatic feeding; after the experiment, the wire filter can also be directly removed to remove all the movable rock slag.

[0015] The motor can achieve stepless speed change, avoiding the speed change transmission link, and the motor can rotate forward or reverse; the telescopic pressure control cylinder, the pressure sensor, the temperature detection lens, the electronic valve, the inclination sensor, the torque sensor, the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, the motor, and the quality sensor are all connected to the control switchboard; the control switchboard can control the rotation speed of the motor, the thrust of the telescopic pressure control cylinder, the opening and closing of the electronic valve and its opening residence time, and the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b; at the same time, the control switchboard can monitor and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens, the inclination angle monitored by the inclination sensor, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, the rotation speed of the motor, and the slag quality monitored by the quality sensor in real time, and the control switchboard can also save and export the monitored data.

[0016] The test method involved in the test device includes the following steps:

[0017] (1) Installation of the cutterhead system. Before installing the cutterhead system, first install the hob on the cutterhead system, then perform a three-dimensional scan on the cutterhead system to determine the morphology and geometric features of the front end of the cutterhead system before it is worn; then weigh the unworn cutterhead system to determine the initial mass of the cutterhead system; then position the cutterhead system on the cutterhead bracket according to the positioning pins, and finally tighten the bolts to complete the installation of the cutterhead system.

[0018] (2) Start the whole machine. Start the control panel, and all sensors start working. Data collection needs to be confirmed manually. Install the wire filter on the slider, control the telescopic pressure control cylinder, push the support platform, adjust the gap between the support platform and the front end of the cutter disc system, adjust the support rod, so that the wire filter wraps the bottom of the cutter disc system, and control the gap between the wire filter and the cutter disc system to ensure that the movable rock slag does not slip out of the tiny gap.

[0019] (3) Discharging of movable slag. The electronic valve is opened by the control unit, and the movable slag will fall from the slag hopper and onto the wire filter between the support platform and the cutter head system. When a certain amount of slag is reached, the electronic valve is temporarily closed manually, but the electronic valve is still in working state, waiting for the opening and closing instructions of the control unit; during the initial discharge, the total amount of the movable slag accumulation is required not to be higher than the lowest point at the end of the chute.

[0020] (4) Thrust control and experiment implementation. The control panel controls the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder, and the support platform starts to squeeze the movable rock slag and the cutter head system, and reaches the required thrust set in the experiment; then, the control panel is used to start the cutter head system to rotate at a constant speed according to the speed required by the experiment, causing friction and wear with the movable rock slag.

[0021] (5) Experimental data acquisition. After the cutter head system rotates, data monitoring is manually started to monitor in real time the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens, the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, the rock slag mass on the mass sensor, and the speed of the motor. The control switchboard can display and save the monitored data in real time, and finally derive the corresponding data.

[0022] (6) End of the experiment. When the rotation wear time reaches the set value, the motor stops rotating; adjust the vertical height of the support rod to increase the gap between the wire filter and the cutter disc system, remove the wire filter from the slider, and dump the movable rock slag into a special trash can to complete the slag removal process; control the retractable pressure-controlled oil cylinder to retract so that a large gap is maintained between the support platform and the cutter disc system; start disassembling the worn cutter disc system in the operating space with a large gap, unscrew the two bolts, and then take out the cutter disc system that has been completely worn out by friction.

[0023] (7) Experimental data processing. First, use a hair dryer to clean the removed cutter disc system, then re-measure in three dimensions, and compare the morphology of the cutter disc system before wear to determine the morphological differences and the degree and depth of wear in different areas of the cutter disc system; place the cutter disc system under a microscope to observe the wear morphology after wear and determine the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter disc system; weigh the cutter disc system to obtain the mass of the cutter disc system after wear and the wear quality difference of the cutter disc system; extract the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens, the inclination angle monitored by the inclination sensor, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a and the electromagnet b, and the speed of the motor; combine the wear parameters obtained above to comprehensively evaluate the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter disc system with different mechanical properties and different materials, and provide a reference for the wear resistance design of the cutter disc system.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can realize the friction and wear experimental test of the cutter head system under movable rock slag. The wear environment and wear conditions of the cutter head system are consistent with the actual cutter head, which effectively examines the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter head system. In addition, the test device involved in the present invention can balance the off-load effect of the cutter head system caused by the movable rock slag through electromagnetic repulsion regulation, avoid the problems of off-load imbalance or even flip failure of the cutter head system, ensure the balance of the cutter head system under the load of movable rock slag, so as to ensure that the cutter head system successfully completes the "secondary wear" test experiment. At the same time, the electronic valve in the test device involved can intelligently control the slag feeding, and the position of the wire filter can also be effectively adjusted to control the leakage and in and out of the rock slag. Furthermore, the tested The cutterhead system tested is easy to install and disassemble, and the movable rock slag is also convenient for feeding and cleaning, making the cutterhead system wear test process simpler; in addition, in the test device involved, the experimental operation and data acquisition are all realized by the control host, and the test method involved is detailed, so that the test experiment has a high degree of automation and is simple and feasible to operate. In the experiment, the wear morphology, wear amount, thrust, torque and wear temperature field of the cutterhead system, inclination angle, rotation speed and eccentric load force of the cutterhead system (repulsive force between electromagnet a and electromagnet b) of the cutterhead system can be directly tested, which can ensure the comprehensiveness of the "secondary wear" experimental data of the cutterhead system and provide data support for the revelation of the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutterhead system and the anti-wear design of the cutterhead system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the testing device involved in the present invention (partial section is provided in some areas);

[0026] Attached Figure 2 For attachment Figure 1 Side view of AA surface in;

[0027] Attached Figure 3 For attachment Figure 1 BB side view in;

[0028] Attached Figure 4 For attachment Figure 1 A local magnified image of the CC region in the figure;

[0029] Attached Figure 5 For attachment Figure 4 DD surface view in;

[0030] Attached Figure 6 For attachment Figure 5 EE surface view in;

[0031] Attached Figure 7 It is the force diagram of the cutter head system when it is eccentrically loaded;

[0032] Attached Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the forces for restoring the balance of the cutterhead system;

[0033] In the attached figure: 1- telescopic pressure-controlled cylinder, 2- pressure sensor, 3- support platform, 4- electronic valve, 5- slag funnel, 6- movable slag, 7- temperature detection lens, 8- electromagnet a, 9- hob, 10- cutter head system, 11- electromagnet b, 12- cutter head bracket, 13- inclination sensor, 14- torque sensor, 15- transmission shaft a, 16- axial thrust bearing, 17- coupling, 18- transmission shaft b, 19- motor, 20- guide rail, 21- slider, 22- wire filter, 23- support frame, 24- collection bucket, 25- support plate, 26- support rod, 27- quality sensor, 28- threaded hole, 29- positioning pin, 30- control switchboard. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0035] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a rollover-proof TBM cutterhead system test device consists of a telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1, a pressure sensor 2, a support platform 3, an electronic valve 4, a slag funnel 5, a movable slag 6, a temperature detection lens 7, an electromagnet a8, a roller cutter 9, a cutterhead system 10, an electromagnet b11, a cutterhead bracket 12, an inclination sensor 13, a torque sensor 14, a transmission shaft a15, an axial thrust bearing 16, a coupling 17, a transmission shaft b18, a motor 19, a guide rail 20, a slider 21, a wire filter 22, a support frame 23, a collection bucket 24, a support plate 25, a support rod 26, a quality sensor 27, a threaded hole 28, a positioning pin 29, and a control switchboard 30.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, one end of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 is connected to the fixed end on the ground, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the support platform 3; a pressure sensor 2 is installed in the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1, and the pressure sensor 2 is used to monitor the thrust of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 and can actively control the thrust of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 through the control switchboard 29; a slag hopper 5 is connected above the support platform 3, and movable slag 6 is installed in the slag hopper 5; the lower end of the slag hopper 5 is preferably V-shaped to facilitate the falling of the movable slag 6, and the shape of the movable slag 6 can be square, elliptical or irregular, and the slag can be slag of different soft and hard rocks. Preferably, the movable slag 6 can be taken from the slag discharged from the construction site of the TBM tunneling machine; the slag funnel 5 An electronic valve 4 is connected to the bottom, and the electronic valve 4 is controlled by the control switchboard 29. The feeding of the movable rock slag 6 is realized by opening and closing the electronic valve 4; preferably, the opening and closing of the electronic valve 4 is a hinged door structure, and the power when closing is relatively sufficient, ensuring that the valve can be effectively closed after receiving the closing signal from the control switchboard to cut off the discharge of the movable rock slag 6; the front end of the support platform 3 is the tunnel face, and a chute is opened inside the support platform 3, and the end of the chute is at the front tunnel face position of the support platform 3; the movable rock slag 6 can slide from the rock slag funnel 5 along the chute to the tunnel face position at the front end of the support platform 3. The internal structure of the chute is preferably circular, and the smoothness of the chute is ensured as much as possible to avoid the movable rock slag 6 blocking the chute; Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a wire filter 22 is connected to the front lower part of the support platform 3 through a built-in slider 21, which can support the movable rock slag 6 that slides down and form a rock slag accumulation; an electromagnet a8 is arranged at the face end of the support platform 3, and a temperature detection lens 7 is arranged at the face end of the support platform 3. The temperature detection lens 7 is used to measure the surface wear temperature of the cutter head system 10 and the upper end temperature of the movable rock slag 6 during the friction and wear process.

[0037] The cutter disc system 10 is equipped with a corresponding roller cutter 9. The front end of the cutter disc system 10 and the roller cutter 9 are in contact with the movable rock slag 6, which may cause friction and wear. The cutter disc system 10 is connected to the cutter disc bracket 12. The front end of the cutter disc bracket 12 is equipped with an electromagnet b11 to generate repulsive force with the electromagnet a8 when the load is offset. In order to eliminate the influence of the support platform 3 and the cutter disc bracket 12 on the magnetism of the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 as much as possible, the support platform 3 and the cutter disc bracket 12 are preferably made of non-magnetic materials, such as non-magnetic steel and stainless steel. The rear end of the cutter disc bracket 12 is equipped with an inclination sensor 13, which can monitor the cutter disc system 10 and the inclination angle of the cutter disc bracket 12 after the overload, the smaller the inclination sensor 13 is, the better, which can reduce the difficulty of installation; the rear end of the cutter disc bracket 12 is connected with a transmission shaft a15, the transmission shaft a15 passes through the axial thrust bearing 16 and is connected to the coupling 17, the coupling 17 is connected to the transmission shaft b18 connected to the motor 19; the inner ring of the axial thrust bearing 16 is interference connected with the transmission shaft a15, and the outer ring of the axial thrust bearing 16 is fixed and connected to the frame or the ground; the torque sensor 14 is installed on the transmission shaft a15, and the motor 19 transmits power to the cutter disc system 10 through the transmission shaft b18 and the transmission shaft a15.

[0038] In addition to monitoring the inclination angle of the cutter disc system 10 caused by overloading, the inclination sensor 13 can also transmit the monitoring signal to the control switchboard 29. The control switchboard 29 can control the strength of the magnetism between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 according to the inclination angle to achieve different repulsive forces; the torque sensor 14 is used to monitor the rotational torque of the cutter disc system 10; the thrust of the cutter disc system 10 is controlled by the pressure sensor 2 in the telescopic pressure control cylinder 1.

[0039] The support platform 3 is cylindrical in shape, and the face material at the front end of the support platform 3 is made of extremely wear-resistant material. Preferably, it is a high-hardness matrix material that has been shot peened or carburized, which can eliminate the influence of the movable rock slag 6 on its friction and wear; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 can control the axial sliding of the support platform 3, and the sliding stroke can at most meet the contact between the support platform 3 and the roller 9; at the same time, the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 can be controlled by the main control unit 29 to achieve constant thrust loading, so that the axial contact force between the cutter disc system 10, the movable rock slag 6 and the support platform 3 is constant; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 is generally an even number, and is symmetrically connected to the support platform 3 to ensure that the support platform 3 is balanced in force; a number of rollers are installed at the bottom end of the support platform 3, and the rollers are in contact with the guide rail 20 and can slide on the guide rail 20 , playing a supporting and guiding sliding role, the guide rails 20 are preferably 2; the electromagnet a8 arranged in the upper semicircular area of ​​the front end face of the support platform 3 is in a semicircular ring shape; preferably, the semicircular ring electromagnet a8 is distributed as much as possible in the edge area of ​​the support platform to reduce the possibility of being rubbed by the movable rock slag; the magnetism in the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 is realized by the current size, and the current strength is autonomously adjusted by the control switchboard 29 according to feedback; the temperature detection lens 7 is installed as far as possible upwards under the premise of ensuring the monitoring field of view to ensure that it cannot contact the movable rock slag 6; preferably, the temperature detection lens 7 can directly perform infrared imaging to display the dynamic temperature of the monitoring area in real time, and at the same time, the surface of the temperature detection lens 7 is wrapped with a transparent protective layer to prevent the temperature detection lens 7 from being damaged.

[0040] The cutterhead system 10 is a reduced-size TBM cutterhead system. Preferably, its size is generally one-tenth to one-twentieth of the actual cutterhead system. The material of the cutterhead system 10 is consistent with that of the actual TBM cutterhead system and can be worn by the movable rock slag 6. The material of the cutterhead system 10 is generally preferably high-strength wear-resistant steel or HARDOX steel, and can also be wear-resistant steel with different mechanical properties, such as cutterhead system materials with different hardness and fracture toughness or different heat treatment methods; the cutterhead system 10 is also cylindrical in shape, and its diameter is appropriately smaller than the diameter of the support platform 3; the number and arrangement of the hobs 9 installed on the cutterhead system 10 can be determined according to the requirements of the simulated cutterhead, and the installation method can be equal spacing or variable spacing, or a spiral arrangement; preferably, the material of the hobs 9 is H13 steel or cemented carbide steel, and the hardness of the heat treatment is generally 50 to 60HRC; Figure 2As shown, the cutter disc bracket 12 has two locating pins 29 and two threaded holes 28, and the cutter disc system 10 has four countersunk holes. When installing the cutter disc system 10, the cutter disc system 10 first uses the two countersunk holes to cooperate with the locating pins 29 of the cutter disc bracket 12 to achieve the positioning of the cutter disc system 10 before installation. The other two countersunk holes of the cutter disc system 10 are used for bolts to pass through the threaded holes 28 connected to the cutter disc bracket 12 to achieve a fastened connection between the cutter disc system 10 and the cutter disc bracket 12. The bolts are easy to loosen and also easy to disassemble, and the bolt caps and locating pins 29 are both sunk in the countersunk holes to ensure that the bolt caps and locating pins 29 will not be rubbed by the movable rock debris 6.

[0041] The electromagnet b11 built into the cutter head bracket 12 is annular, and its average radius size is consistent with that of the electromagnet a8, and the two are on the same axis, and the two are just facing each other, but the radial size of the electromagnet a8 is larger (see the comparison effect). Figure 2 and Figure 3 ), ensuring that the electromagnet a8 can also align with the electromagnet b11 when the cutter disc system 10 is deflected; the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 is realized in the following way: when the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1 pushes the support platform 3 to squeeze the movable rock slag 6 and the cutter disc system 10, the cutter disc system 10 rotates under the drive of the motor 19; due to the eccentric load effect of the movable rock slag 6 on the cutter disc system 10, the cutter disc bracket 12 connected thereto will be in the form of overturning eccentric load force, thereby changing the inclination angle of the cutter disc bracket 12 (such as Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the inclination sensor 13 transmits the inclination angle caused by the overturning load to the control unit 29, and the control unit 29 adjusts the strength of the magnetism in the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 so that a suitable repulsive force (such as Figure 8 As shown), until the cutter head system 10 returns to a new equilibrium position, at which time the corresponding inclination angle of the inclination sensor 13 returns to 0, that is, the eccentric load effect caused by the movable rock slag 6 is eliminated, and at this time the control switchboard 29 needs to maintain the repulsive force of the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 unchanged, thereby maintaining the inclination angle of the cutter head system 10 at 0; when a new eccentric load is caused by the wear of the cutter head system 10 or the crushing of the movable rock slag 6, the control switchboard 29 will continuously adjust the repulsive force of the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 according to the inclination angle signal monitored in real time by the inclination sensor 13, so as to achieve a dynamic balance in the secondary wear process of the cutter head system 10 and eliminate the influence of the eccentric load effect;

[0042] The matching adjustment relationship between the repulsive force of electromagnet a8 and electromagnet b11 and the tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor 13 caused by the off-load of the cutter head system 10 can be obtained from the previous calibration experiment. Each off-load corresponds to a tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor 13. Each tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor 13 corresponds to a repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11 that can restore the balance of the cutter head system 10. The calibration process can densify the corresponding relationship points as much as possible. Preferably, a corresponding repulsive force and its corresponding current signal can be marked at each 1° tilt angle, such as If the calibration process finds that the inclination angle and the corresponding repulsive force and current signal have a linear relationship, the number of calibration points can be directly reduced; the calibration can obtain the corresponding relationship between the inclination angle of the cutter disc system 10 and the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11; in this way, as long as the inclination angle of the inclination sensor 13 is monitored, the control switchboard 29 can respond quickly, adjust the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11, and immediately eliminate the off-load effect of the cutter disc system 10, avoid the imbalance or even flipping of the test device caused by off-load, and ensure the smooth completion of the experiment.

[0043] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, one side of the slider 21 is installed in the T-shaped slide groove at the bottom of the support platform 3, and the other side is semicircular and has an arc-shaped narrow groove, and the wire filter 22 is also semicircular; the wire filter 22 can just be inserted into the arc-shaped groove on the slider 21, so that the wire filter 22 and the slider 21 are connected, and the direction of the arc-shaped narrow groove on the slider 21 can be horizontal or inclined to the upper right; when it is inclined to the upper right, it will also cause the installed wire filter 22 to tilt to the upper right, which is more convenient for the accumulation of rock debris, making it more difficult for the movable rock debris 6 to fall out of the gap between the wire filter 22 and the cutter head system 10; the bottom of the slider 21 is in contact with the support frame 23, and the edge of the wire filter 22 is also The support frame 23 is in contact with the support frame 23 to prevent the wire filter 22 from being greatly deformed and bent after bearing the weight; a support rod 26 is connected to the bottom of the support frame 23, and the support rod 26 is installed on the support plate 25. A collecting bucket 24 is placed in the middle area of ​​the support plate 25. There are preferably several rollers under the support plate 25 to reduce the resistance of the sliding process; at the same time, the support plate 25 can slide as a whole on the guide rail 20 along with the support platform 3; the support rod 26 can be telescopically adjusted in the vertical direction, thereby driving the support frame 23 to move up and down, thereby driving the slider 21 to slide up and down in the T-shaped slide groove of the support platform 3, realizing the vertical movement of the wire filter 22, so that the wire filter 22 can wrap the cutter disc system 10 The wire filter 22 can be used to control the movable slag 6 that slides down from the slag hopper 5 between the support platform 3 and the cutter disc system 10; the wire filter 22 has a mesh structure with mesh holes of a certain size, and is generally a standard structure; preferably, the mesh size is generally 5 to 10 mm, and the ground powdered slag or fine slag will fall from the mesh holes and fall into the collection bucket 24. A mass sensor 26 is provided below the collection bucket 24 to monitor the total mass of the falling powdered or fine slag. After the value is reached, the quality sensor 26 will send a signal to the electronic valve 4 through the control switchboard 29. The electronic valve 4 will be opened for a certain period of time and then closed, so that the movable rock slag of the corresponding mass can fall down to realize automatic feeding. The relationship between the opening time of the electronic valve 4 and the quality of the slag can be determined by preliminary tentative experiments. For example, the amount of slag fed every 1 second when the electronic valve 4 is opened can be tested. After obtaining the functional relationship, the control switchboard 29 can effectively control the opening time of the electronic valve 4 according to the staged feedback signal of the quality sensor 26, control the appropriate amount of slag fed, and realize automatic feeding. After the experiment, the wire filter 22 can also be directly removed to remove all the movable rock slag 6.

[0044] The motor 19 can realize stepless speed change, avoiding the speed change transmission link, and the motor 19 can rotate forward or reverse; the telescopic pressure control cylinder 1, the pressure sensor 2, the temperature detection lens 7, the electronic valve 4, the inclination sensor 13, the torque sensor 14, the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11, the motor 19, and the mass sensor 26 are all connected to the control switchboard 29, and the connection method can be wired or wireless, preferably wireless; the control switchboard 29 can steplessly control the speed of the motor 19, can control the thrust of the telescopic pressure control cylinder 1, and can control The opening and closing of the electronic valve 4 and its opening dwell time can control the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11; at the same time, the control switchboard 29 can monitor in real time and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 2, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens 7, the inclination angle monitored by the inclination sensor 13, the torque monitored by the torque sensor 14, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11, the rotation speed of the motor 19, and the slag quality monitored by the quality sensor 26. The control switchboard 29 can also save and export the monitored data.

[0045] The test method involved in the test device includes the following steps:

[0046] (1) Installation of the cutterhead system. Before installing the cutterhead system 10, first install the hob 9 on the cutterhead system 10, then use a mature 3D rendering instrument to perform a 3D scan of the cutterhead system 10, with the scanning position being the worn end of the cutterhead system 10, to determine the morphology and geometric features of the front end of the cutterhead system 10 before it is worn; then weigh the unworn cutterhead system 10 to determine the initial mass of the cutterhead system 10; then, position the cutterhead system 10 on the cutterhead bracket 12 according to the positioning pin 29, and finally tighten the bolts to complete the installation of the cutterhead system 10.

[0047] (2) Start the whole machine. Start the control switchboard 30, and all sensors start working. Data collection needs to be confirmed manually by clicking; install the wire filter 22 on the slider 21, control the telescopic pressure control cylinder 1, push the support platform 3, and adjust the gap between the support platform 3 and the front end of the cutter disc system 10 to ensure that the wire filter 22 can wrap the lower end of the cutter disc system 10. Preferably, the axial wrapping length can reach 10 mm; adjust the support rod 26 so that the wire filter 22 wraps the lower part of the cutter disc system 10, and control the gap between the wire filter 22 and the cutter disc system 10. The gap is preferably within 5 mm to ensure that the movable rock slag 6 does not slip out of the tiny gap.

[0048] (3) Discharging of movable slag. By opening the electronic valve 4 through the control switchboard 30, the movable slag 6 will fall from the slag funnel 5 and fall on the wire filter 22 between the support platform 3 and the cutter head system 10. When a certain amount of slag is reached, the electronic valve 4 is temporarily closed manually, but the electronic valve 4 is still in working state, waiting for the opening and closing instructions of the control switchboard 30; during the initial discharge, the total amount of the movable slag 6 must not be higher than the lowest point at the end of the chute.

[0049] (4) Thrust control and experiment implementation. The control switchboard 30 controls the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder 1, and the support platform 3 starts to squeeze the movable rock slag 5 and the cutter head system 10, and reaches the required thrust set in the experiment; then the control switchboard 30 is used to start the cutter head system 10 to rotate at a constant speed according to the speed required by the experiment, causing friction and wear with the movable rock slag 6.

[0050] (5) Experimental data collection. After the cutterhead system 10 rotates, data monitoring is manually started to monitor the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 2, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens 7, the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor 13, the torque monitored by the torque sensor 14, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11, the rock slag mass on the mass sensor 26, and the speed of the motor 19 in real time; the control switchboard 30 can display and save the monitored data in real time, and finally export the corresponding data.

[0051] (6) End of the experiment. When the rotation wear time reaches the set value, the motor 19 stops rotating; adjust the vertical height of the support rod 26 to increase the gap between the wire filter 22 and the cutter disc system 10, remove the wire filter 22 from the slider 21, and dump the movable rock slag 6 into a special trash can to complete the slag removal process; control the telescopic pressure control cylinder 1 to retract so that a large gap is maintained between the support platform 3 and the cutter disc system 10; in the operating space with a large gap, start to disassemble the worn cutter disc system 10, unscrew the two bolts, and then take out the cutter disc system 10 that has been completely worn out by friction.

[0052] (7) Experimental data processing. First, use a hair dryer to clean the removed cutter disc system 10, then re-measure in three dimensions, and compare the morphology of the cutter disc system 10 before wear to determine the morphological difference and the degree and depth of wear in different areas of the cutter disc system 10; place the cutter disc system 10 under a microscope to observe the wear morphology after wear and determine the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter disc system 10; weigh the cutter disc system 10 to obtain the mass of the cutter disc system 10 after wear, and obtain the wear quality difference of the cutter disc system 10; extract the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 2, the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens 7, the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor 13, the torque monitored by the torque sensor 14, the repulsive force between the electromagnet a8 and the electromagnet b11, and the speed of the motor 19; combine the wear parameters obtained above to comprehensively evaluate the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter disc system 10 with different mechanical properties and different materials, and provide a reference for the wear resistance design of the cutter disc system 10.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those familiar with the art, it is easy to modify other structural designs and test methods of the present invention. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown here.

Claims

1. A TBM cutterhead system test device for preventing rollover, characterized in that: The invention is composed of a telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1), a pressure sensor (2), a support platform (3), an electronic valve (4), a slag funnel (5), a movable slag (6), a temperature detection lens (7), an electromagnet a (8), a roller cutter (9), a cutter head system (10), an electromagnet b (11), a cutter head bracket (12), an inclination sensor (13), a torque sensor (14), a transmission shaft a (15), an axial thrust bearing (16), a coupling (17), a transmission shaft b (18), a motor (19), a guide rail (20), a slider (21), a wire filter (22), a support frame (23), a collection bucket (24), a support plate (25), a support rod (26), a mass sensor (27), a threaded hole (28), a positioning pin (29), and a control switchboard (30); One end of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1) is connected to the fixed end on the ground, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the support platform (3); a pressure sensor (2) is installed in the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1); a slag funnel (5) is connected to the top of the support platform (3), and movable slag (6) is installed in the slag funnel (5); an electronic valve (4) is connected to the bottom of the slag funnel (5); the front end of the support platform (3) is the face, and a chute is provided inside the support platform (3), and the end of the chute is at the front face position of the support platform (3); the movable slag (6) can slide from the slag funnel (5) along the chute to the face position at the front end of the support platform (3); A wire filter (22) is connected to the front lower part of the platform (3) through a built-in slider (21); the slider (21) contacts the support frame (23) below, and the edge of the wire filter (22) also contacts the support frame (23); a support rod (26) is connected to the support frame (23) below, and the support rod (26) is installed on a support plate (25); a collection bucket (24) is placed in the middle area of ​​the support plate (25), and a mass sensor (27) is provided below the collection bucket (24); an electromagnet a (8) is arranged at the face end of the support platform (3), and a temperature detection lens (7) is arranged at the face end of the support platform (3); The cutterhead system (10) is provided with a corresponding roller cutter (9). The front end of the cutterhead system (10) and the roller cutter (9) are in contact with the movable rock slag (6), and friction wear may occur. The cutterhead system (10) is connected to a cutterhead bracket (12). The front end of the cutterhead bracket (12) is provided with an electromagnet b (11) so as to generate a repulsive force with the electromagnet a (8) when an unbalanced load occurs. The rear end of the cutterhead bracket (12) is provided with an inclination sensor (13). The rear end of the cutterhead bracket (12) is connected with a transmission shaft a (15). The driving shaft a (15) passes through the axial thrust bearing (16) and is connected to the coupling (17), and the coupling (17) is connected to the transmission shaft b (18) connected to the motor (19); the inner ring of the axial thrust bearing (16) is interference-connected with the transmission shaft a (15), and the outer ring of the axial thrust bearing (16) is fixed; a torque sensor (14) is installed on the transmission shaft a (15), and the motor (19) transmits power to the cutter head system (10) through the transmission shaft b (18) and the transmission shaft a (15).

2. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1) can be loaded with a constant thrust by the control unit (30), so that the axial contact force between the cutter head system (10), the movable rock slag (6) and the support platform (3) is constant; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1) is generally an even number, and is symmetrically connected to the support platform (3) to ensure that the support platform (3) is subjected to balanced force; the bottom ends of the support platform (3) and the support plate (25) are both equipped with a plurality of rollers, which are in contact with the guide rail (20) and can slide on the guide rail (20), thereby playing a supporting and guiding sliding role.

3. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic valve (4) is controlled by a control main unit (30), and the control main unit (30) can control the amount of slag fed by manually setting the opening time of the electronic valve (4); the control main unit (30) can also adjust the opening time of the electronic valve (4) according to the monitoring signal of the quality sensor (26) below the collection bucket (24), and the relationship between the opening time of the electronic valve (4) and the quality of the slag fed is determined by a tentative experiment; the control main unit (29) can effectively control the opening time of the electronic valve (4) according to the phased feedback signal monitored by the quality sensor (26), control the appropriate amount of slag fed, and realize the feeding automation.

4. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support platform (3) and the cutter disc system (10) are cylindrical in shape, and the diameter of the cutter disc system (10) is appropriately smaller than the diameter of the support platform (3); the cutter disc bracket (12) has two positioning pins (29) and two threaded holes (28); the cutter disc system (10) has four countersunk holes, and the cutter disc system (10) uses two of the countersunk holes to cooperate with the positioning pins (29) on the cutter disc bracket (12) to achieve positioning; the bolts pass through the other two countersunk holes of the cutter disc system (10) and are screwed into the threaded holes (28) on the cutter disc bracket (12) to achieve a tight connection between the cutter disc system (10) and the cutter disc bracket (12), and the bolts are also easy to loosen, making it easy to disassemble the two; the bolt caps and the positioning pins (29) are both sunk in the four countersunk holes of the cutter disc system (10) to ensure that the bolt caps and the positioning pins (29) will not be rubbed by the movable rock debris (6).

5. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnet a (8) arranged in the upper semicircular area of ​​the front end of the support platform (3) is in the shape of a semicircular ring, and the electromagnet b (11) built into the cutter head bracket (12) is in the shape of a ring, and its average radius size is consistent with that of the electromagnet a (8), and the two are on the same axis, and the two are just facing each other, but the radial size of the electromagnet a (8) is larger, ensuring that the electromagnet a (8) can also be aligned with the electromagnet b (11) when the cutter head system (10) is deflected; when the movable rock slag (6) produces an eccentric load effect on the cutter head system (10), the inclination sensor (13) transmits the inclination angle caused by the eccentric load to the control The control unit (29) adjusts the strength of the magnetism in the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11) so that a suitable repulsive force is generated between the upper part of the cutter head system (10) and the upper end of the support platform (3) until the cutter head system (10) returns to a new equilibrium position. At this time, the inclination angle of the corresponding inclination sensor (13) returns to (0), that is, the eccentric load effect caused by the movable rock slag (6) is eliminated. At this time, the control unit (29) needs to maintain the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11) unchanged, thereby maintaining the inclination angle of the cutter head system (10) at 0.

6. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matching adjustment relationship between the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11) and the tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor (13) caused by the off-load of the cutter disc system (10) can be obtained from the previous calibration experiment. Each off-load corresponds to a tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor (13), and each tilt angle signal of the tilt sensor (13) corresponds to a repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11) that can restore the balance of the cutter disc system (10). In this way, as long as the tilt angle of the tilt sensor (13) is monitored, the control switchboard (29) can respond quickly and adjust the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11), thereby immediately eliminating the off-load effect of the cutter disc system (10).

7. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the slider (21) is installed in a T-shaped slide groove at the bottom of the support platform (3), and the other side is semicircular and has an arc-shaped narrow groove. The wire filter (22) is also semicircular; the wire filter (22) can just be inserted into the arc-shaped groove on the slider (21), so that the wire filter (22) and the slider (21) are connected.

8. The rollover prevention TBM cutterhead system testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod (26) can be telescopically adjusted in the vertical direction, thereby driving the support frame (23) to move up and down, thereby driving the slider (21) to slide up and down in the T-shaped slide groove of the support platform (3), realizing the vertical movement of the wire filter (22), so that the wire filter (22) can wrap the bottom of the cutter disc system (10), and the gap between the wire filter (22) and the cutter disc system (10) can be adjusted; the wire filter (22) has a mesh structure with mesh holes of a certain size.

9. The telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1), the pressure sensor (2), the temperature detection lens (7), the electronic valve (4), the inclination sensor (13), the torque sensor (14), the electromagnet a (8), the electromagnet b (11), the motor (19), and the mass sensor (27) are all connected to a control switchboard (30); the control switchboard (30) can steplessly control the rotation speed of the motor (19), control the thrust of the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1), control the opening and closing of the electronic valve (4), and control the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11). At the same time, the control unit (30) can monitor in real time and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor (2), the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens (7), the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor (13), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (14), the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11), the rotation speed of the motor (19), and the slag quality monitored by the quality sensor (27). The control unit (30) can also save and export the monitored data.

10. A test method for a TBM cutterhead system test device for preventing rollover, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Installation of cutter system Before the cutter head system (10) is installed, the cutter (9) is first installed on the cutter head system (10), and then a mature three-dimensional rendering instrument is used to perform a three-dimensional scan on the cutter head system (10) to determine the morphology and geometric features of the front end of the cutter head system (10) before it is worn; The unworn cutter disc system (10) is then weighed to determine the initial mass of the cutter disc system (10); the cutter disc system (10) is then positioned on the cutter disc support (12) according to the positioning pin (29), and finally the bolts are tightened to complete the installation of the cutter disc system (10); 2) Start the whole machine Start the control switchboard (30), and each sensor starts working. Whether data collection is performed or not needs to be confirmed manually by clicking; install the wire filter (22) on the slider (21), control the telescopic pressure control cylinder (1), push the support platform (3), adjust the gap between the support platform (3) and the front end of the cutter disc system (10), and ensure that the wire filter (22) can wrap the lower end of the cutter disc system (10). As a preferred embodiment, the axial wrapping length reaches (10) mm; adjust the support rod (26) so that the wire filter (22) wraps the lower part of the cutter disc system (10), and control the gap between the wire filter (22) and the cutter disc system (10) to ensure that the movable rock slag (6) does not slide out from the small gap; 3) Movable slag discharge By opening the electronic valve (4) through the control switchboard (30), the movable rock slag (6) will fall from the rock slag funnel (5) and fall on the wire filter (22) between the support platform (3) and the cutter head system (10). When a certain amount of rock slag is reached, the electronic valve (4) is temporarily closed manually, but the electronic valve (4) is still in a working state, waiting for the opening and closing instructions of the control switchboard (30); during the initial discharge, it is required that the total amount of the movable rock slag (6) cannot be higher than the lowest point at the end of the chute; 4) Thrust control and experimental implementation The control unit (30) controls the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1), and the support platform (3) starts to squeeze the movable rock slag (5) and the cutter head system (10), and reaches the required thrust set in the experiment; then, the control unit (30) is used to start the cutter head system (10) to rotate at a constant speed according to the speed required by the experiment, so as to cause friction and wear with the movable rock slag (6); 5) Experimental data collection After the cutter head system (10) rotates, data monitoring is manually started to monitor in real time the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor (2), the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens (7), the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor (13), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (14), the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11), the rock slag mass on the mass sensor (26), and the rotation speed of the motor (19); the control switchboard (30) can display and save the monitored data in real time, and finally can export the corresponding data; 6) End of the experiment After the rotation wear time reaches the set value, the motor (19) stops rotating; the vertical height of the support rod (26) is adjusted to increase the gap between the wire filter (22) and the cutter disc system (10), and the wire filter (22) is removed from the slider (21), and the movable rock slag (6) is dumped into a special trash can to complete the slag cleaning process; the telescopic pressure-controlled oil cylinder (1) is controlled to retract so that a large gap is maintained between the support platform (3) and the cutter disc system (10); in the operating space with a large gap, the worn cutter disc system (10) is disassembled, and the two bolts are unscrewed to remove the cutter disc system (10) that has been completely worn by friction; 7) Experimental data processing First, the removed cutter disc system (10) is cleaned with a blower, and then three-dimensional measurement is performed again, and the morphology of the cutter disc system (10) before wear is compared to determine the morphological difference and the degree of wear and wear depth of different areas of the cutter disc system (10); the cutter disc system (10) after wear is placed under a microscope to observe the wear morphology and determine the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter disc system (10); and the cutter disc system (10) is weighed to obtain the mass of the cutter disc system (10) after wear, and the wear of the cutter disc system (10) is obtained. The quality is poor; the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor (2), the temperature field monitored by the temperature detection lens (7), the tilt angle monitored by the tilt sensor (13), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (14), the repulsive force between the electromagnet a (8) and the electromagnet b (11), and the rotation speed of the motor (19) are extracted; the "secondary wear" mechanism of the cutter head system (10) with different mechanical properties and different materials is comprehensively evaluated in combination with the wear parameters obtained above, so as to provide a reference for the wear resistance design of the cutter head system (10).

Images