Ship waste gas treatment equipment and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ship waste gas treatment, in particular to ship waste gas treatment equipment and a using method thereof. The technical problems that in the prior art, a ship carbon capture system is large in size and low in energy consumption efficiency, and potential safety hazards exist are solved. According to the technical scheme, the ship waste gas treatment equipment comprises a shell, a pretreatment unit, a rotational flow adsorption reaction tower, a waste heat regeneration assembly, a CO2 liquefaction storage tank and a control assembly, the pretreatment unit is arranged in the shell, and the rotational flow adsorption reaction tower is arranged above the pretreatment unit; a waste heat regeneration assembly is arranged on the inner side of the rotational flow adsorption reaction tower, a CO2 liquefaction storage tank is arranged above the rotational flow adsorption reaction tower, and a control assembly is arranged above the shell; the size of the device is reduced through a longitudinal integrated structure, the device adapts to a narrow cabin space of a ship, trapping energy consumption is reduced through microwave waste heat coupling regeneration, and leakage safety protection is improved through sealing protection and laser detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship exhaust gas treatment, and particularly relates to a ship exhaust gas treatment device and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional ship carbon capture systems mostly adopt post-combustion capture technology, and their core equipment usually includes an independent pretreatment tower, an adsorption tower, a regeneration device, and a storage unit, resulting in a large system volume. In the prior art, the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is generally lower than 15%, forcing the adsorption device to be equipped with a large-capacity adsorbent bed layer, further exacerbating the problem of space occupation. In addition, the chemical absorption method requires a large amount of steam for adsorbent regeneration, significantly increasing the fuel consumption of the ship. In terms of safety, the traditional sealing structure is prone to carbon dioxide leakage in the ship vibration environment, and improper by-product treatment is likely to cause marine pollution.

[0003] Therefore, aiming at the above problems, a ship exhaust gas treatment device and a using method thereof are proposed. By longitudinally integrating the pretreatment, adsorption, regeneration, and liquefaction units, the equipment volume is reduced to adapt to the narrow engine room space of the ship. The capture energy consumption is reduced by microwave waste heat coupling regeneration, and the leakage safety protection is improved by sealing protection and laser detection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems of large volume, low energy consumption efficiency, and safety hazards existing in the ship carbon capture system under the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a ship exhaust gas treatment device, including a housing, a pretreatment unit, a swirl adsorption reaction tower, a waste heat regeneration assembly, a CO 2 liquefaction storage tank and a control assembly. The pretreatment unit is arranged inside the housing, the swirl adsorption reaction tower is arranged above the pretreatment unit, the waste heat regeneration assembly is arranged inside the swirl adsorption reaction tower, and the CO 2Liquefied storage tank, a control component is arranged above the shell, a multi-stage turbulent dust collector is arranged inside the pretreatment unit, a plate heat exchanger is arranged inside the pretreatment unit, a ceramic fiber filter cartridge is arranged inside the multi-stage turbulent dust collector, an electrostatic precipitator is arranged inside the multi-stage turbulent dust collector, the ceramic fiber filter cartridge and the electrostatic precipitator are connected in series through a flange, a plate heat exchanger is arranged inside the pretreatment unit, a cooling medium channel is arranged on one side of the plate heat exchanger, one end of the cooling medium channel is connected to the ship's seawater pipeline, the air inlet end of the swirl adsorption reaction tower is connected to the output end of the pretreatment unit, a rotating adsorption bed is arranged inside the swirl adsorption reaction tower, the rotating adsorption bed has an annular six-channel structure, an adsorbent layer is arranged inside the rotating adsorption bed, the material of the adsorbent layer is graphene metal-organic framework composite adsorbent material, an adsorption bed central shaft is arranged inside the rotating adsorption bed, the adsorption bed central shaft is keyed to the rotating adsorption bed, a gear assembly is arranged outside the adsorption bed central shaft, a variable-frequency motor is arranged on one side of the shell, the gear group and the variable-frequency motor are connected through a rotating shaft, the adsorption bed central shaft is keyed to the gear group, the waste heat regeneration component includes a microwave generator, a heat pipe heat exchanger and a heat conducting pipe, a microwave generator is arranged outside the rotating adsorption bed, a heat pipe heat exchanger is arranged on one side outside the microwave generator, a heat conducting pipe is arranged on one side of the heat pipe heat exchanger, the other end of the heat conducting pipe is used to be connected to the exhaust pipe of the ship's diesel engine, a high-pressure pipeline is arranged above the swirl adsorption reaction tower, one end of the high-pressure pipeline is connected to the CO 2 liquefied storage tank, and CO 2 Inside the liquefied storage tank, a three-stage membrane separator is arranged, and CO 2 Inside the liquefied storage tank, a spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil is arranged.

[0006] Preferably, the ceramic fiber filter cartridge and the electrostatic precipitator in the multi-stage turbulent dust collector are connected in series through a flange to form a gradient filtration structure; the ceramic fiber filter cartridge intercepts particles larger than 10 μm through the surface micropores, and the electrostatic precipitator applies a 15 kV high-voltage electric field to adsorb PM2.5 particles, and the two cooperate to improve the dust removal efficiency; the cooling medium channel of the plate heat exchanger is directly connected to the ship's seawater pipeline, and the 450 °C waste gas is cooled to 80 ± 5 °C by using seawater at 25-30 °C, which improves the heat exchange efficiency and avoids additional energy consumption.

[0007] As a preference, fan-shaped adsorption channels are arranged inside the rotating adsorption bed, six groups of fan-shaped adsorption channels are arranged, guide vanes are arranged inside the fan-shaped adsorption channels, and optical fiber temperature sensors are arranged outside the fan-shaped adsorption channels.

[0008] Preferably, the six-channel structure of the rotating adsorption bed is connected to the central axis of the adsorption bed through a keyway, and rotates at 20±5rpm when driven by a variable frequency motor; the 45° guide vanes arranged on the inner wall of each fan-shaped adsorption channel cause the exhaust gas to form a swirl, so that the exhaust gas and the composite adsorbent are fully contacted within 0.5 seconds, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor monitors the temperature gradient of each channel in real time, and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed through the PID algorithm to ensure that the temperature difference of the adsorption bed is ≤5°C, thereby avoiding local overheating and causing adsorbent failure.

[0009] Preferably, the microwave generator of the waste heat regeneration component is a 2.45 GHz magnetron array, six groups of which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating adsorption bed, and the heat pipe of the heat pipe exchanger is filled with sodium-potassium alloy.

[0010] Preferably, six groups of 2.45 GHz magnetrons evenly distributed circumferentially radiate microwaves to the adsorption bed at an angle of 30°, and combined with a heat pipe exchanger filled with sodium-potassium alloy, the 300-400°C waste heat of the diesel engine is transferred to the adsorption bed; the microwave field selectively heats the polar molecules in the adsorbent, reducing the regeneration temperature from the traditional 150°C to 120°C, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0011] Preferably, the three-stage membrane separator is composed of a ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane, a polyimide hollow fiber membrane and a carbon molecular sieve membrane connected in series in sequence, wherein the pore size of the ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane is 0.39 nm, the pore size of the polyimide hollow fiber membrane is 0.44 nm, and the pore size of the carbon molecular sieve membrane is 0.49 nm. 2 The tank body of the liquefied gas storage tank is a double-walled hollow structure. 2 The double-walled hollow structure of the liquefied storage tank is filled with nano-silica gel.

[0012] Preferably, in the three-stage membrane separator, the ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane preferentially permeates CO through a pore size of 0.39 nm. 2 , polyimide hollow fiber membrane intercepts N 2 , carbon molecular sieve membrane separates residual O 2 , increasing CO 2 Purity; The spiral low-temperature liquefied coil uses R744 / R32 mixed refrigerant to liquefy the gas at -50℃ and 20bar. The double-layer vacuum tank is filled with nano-silica aerogel to reduce the daily evaporation rate.

[0013] Preferably, the control component includes a controller, a laser detection module and a sealing valve. The controller is arranged above the shell, and the laser detection module is arranged on the inner side of the shell. The laser detection module has a built-in tunable diode laser and a photodetector. A sealing valve is arranged on the outer side of the high-pressure pipeline, and the surface of the sealing valve is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating.

[0014] Preferably, the tunable diode laser of the laser detection module emits near-infrared light, which passes through the middle of the adsorption reaction tower and is received by a photodetector. The nano-aluminum oxide coating on the surface of the sealing valve can withstand high temperatures of 600 °C and closes within 0.5 seconds when a leak is detected.

[0015] A method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Exhaust gas pretreatment: The exhaust gas from a ship diesel engine passes through a multi-stage turbulent dust remover to remove PM2.5 particles in sequence, and then is cooled to 80 ± 5 °C by seawater through a plate heat exchanger;

[0017] S2: Cyclone adsorption: The pretreated exhaust gas enters the cyclone adsorption reaction tower at a flow rate of 15 - 25 m / s, driving the rotating adsorption bed to rotate at 20 ± 5 rpm, and the contact time between the exhaust gas and the composite adsorbent layer is 0.5 - 1.2 seconds;

[0018] S3: Coupled regeneration: When the adsorbent is saturated, start the microwave generator to irradiate the adsorption bed with a total power of 3 kW, and at the same time introduce the waste heat of the diesel engine at 300 - 400 °C through a heat pipe heat exchanger to maintain the desorption temperature at 120 - 150 °C;

[0019] S4: CO 2 Treatment: After the desorbed gas is purified to a concentration of 99.5% through three-stage membrane separation, it is liquefied and stored under the conditions of -50 °C and 20 bar in a spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil;

[0020] S5: Leakage control: Continuously monitor the CO 2 concentration through a laser gas detection module. When a leak of ≥ 10 ppm is detected, control the sealing valve to close within 0.5 seconds through a controller.

[0021] Preferably, the cyclone adsorption process described in step S2 specifically includes:

[0022] S201: Make the exhaust gas form a cyclone through a guide vane, and the centrifugal acceleration reaches 50 - 80 g;

[0023] S202: Dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the adsorption bed according to the data of the fiber optic temperature sensor to make the temperature difference between each channel ≤ 5 °C;

[0024] S203: Switch one adsorption channel to the regeneration mode every 45 minutes.

[0025] Preferably, the coupled regeneration described in step S3 includes:

[0026] S301: Microwave power gradient loading: Linearly increase from 0 kW to 3 kW in the initial 5 minutes;

[0027] S302: Waste heat temperature control: By adjusting the opening degree of the diesel engine exhaust pipe valve, the outlet temperature of the heat conduction pipe is stabilized at 150 ± 2 °C;

[0028] S303: The desorbed gas passes through a rotary adsorption bed to remove particulate matter with a particle size > 10 μm.

[0029] Preferably, the liquefied storage described in step S4 includes:

[0030] S401: The operating pressure of the three-stage membrane separation is 3.5 ± 0.2 MPa, and the membrane surface flow rate is 2 - 3 m / s;

[0031] S402: In the mixed refrigerant of the low-temperature liquefaction coil, the mass ratio of R744 to R32 is 6:4, and the evaporation temperature is -55 °C ± 1 °C;

[0032] S403: Liquid CO 2 The storage pressure is maintained at 18 - 22 bar, and the temperature fluctuation ≤ ± 0.5 °C.

[0033] Preferably, the leakage control step described in step S5 further includes performing a tightness test every 24 hours, filling the pipeline with nitrogen at 1.2 times the working pressure, and the pressure drop rate ≤ 0.5% / h.

[0034] 1. Through the longitudinal stacking design inside the housing, the present invention vertically integrates the pretreatment unit, the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (30), the waste heat regeneration component, and the CO 2 liquefied storage tank. The modules are directly docked with flanges, eliminating traditional pipeline connections, reducing the occupation of transition space, thereby improving the structural compactness, reducing the equipment occupation area, and adapting to the relatively small space of the ship engine room;

[0035] 2. The present invention radiates the adsorbent with six groups of 2.45 GHz magnetrons at a 30° angle. The microwave penetration depth reaches 50 mm, selectively heating the polar molecules inside the adsorbent. Combining with the waste heat of the diesel engine recovered by the heat pipe heat exchanger, the regeneration temperature is reduced from 150 °C to 120 °C; the microwave power linearly rises from 0 kW to 3 kW within 5 minutes, avoiding thermal shock to the adsorbent and reducing the regeneration energy consumption, thereby reducing the capture energy consumption;

[0036] 3. The present invention emits near-infrared light through the tunable diode laser of the laser detection module, which is received by the photodetector after passing through the middle of the adsorption reaction tower. The nano-aluminum oxide coating on the surface of the sealing valve can withstand a high temperature of 600 °C and closes within 0.5 seconds when leakage is detected, improving the equipment safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 Shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ship exhaust gas treatment equipment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2The figure shows a schematic diagram of the first sectional structure of the ship exhaust gas treatment equipment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the second sectional structure of the ship exhaust gas treatment equipment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the process flow of the usage method of the ship exhaust gas treatment equipment of the present invention;

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Housing; 2. Pretreatment unit; 3. Cyclone adsorption reaction tower; 5. CO 2 liquefied storage tank; 201. Multi-stage turbulent flow dust remover; 202. Ceramic fiber filter cartridge; 203. Electrostatic precipitator; 204. Plate heat exchanger; 205. Cooling medium channel; 301. Rotary adsorption bed; 303. Adsorbent layer; 304. Central axis of adsorption bed; 305. Gear set; 306. Variable frequency motor; 307. Sector-shaped adsorption channel; 308. Guide vane; 309. Optical fiber temperature sensor; 401. Microwave generator; 402. Heat pipe heat exchanger; 403. Heat conduction pipe; 501. High-pressure pipeline; 502. Three-stage membrane separator; 503. Spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil; 601. Controller; 602. Laser detection module; 603. Sealing valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the present invention provides an embodiment: a ship exhaust gas treatment equipment, including a housing 1, a pretreatment unit 2, a cyclone adsorption reaction tower 3, a waste heat regeneration component, CO 2 liquefied storage tank 5 and a control component. The pretreatment unit 2 is arranged inside the housing 1, the cyclone adsorption reaction tower 3 is arranged above the pretreatment unit 2, the waste heat regeneration component is arranged inside the cyclone adsorption reaction tower 3, and the CO 2Liquefied storage tank 5, a control component is arranged above the shell 1, a multi-stage turbulent flow dust remover 201 is arranged inside the pretreatment unit 2, a plate heat exchanger 204 is arranged inside the pretreatment unit 2, a ceramic fiber filter cartridge 202 is arranged inside the multi-stage turbulent flow dust remover 201, an electrostatic precipitator 203 is arranged inside the multi-stage turbulent flow dust remover 201, the ceramic fiber filter cartridge 202 and the electrostatic precipitator 203 are connected in series through a flange, a plate heat exchanger 204 is arranged inside the pretreatment unit 2, a cooling medium channel 205 is arranged on one side of the plate heat exchanger 204, one end of the cooling medium channel 205 is connected to the ship seawater pipeline, the air inlet end of the swirl adsorption reaction tower 3 is connected to the output end of the pretreatment unit 2, a rotating adsorption bed 301 is arranged inside the swirl adsorption reaction tower 3, the rotating adsorption bed 301 is of an annular six-channel structure, an adsorbent layer 303 is arranged inside the rotating adsorption bed 301, the material of the adsorbent layer 303 is a graphene metal-organic framework composite adsorbent material, an adsorption bed central shaft 304 is arranged inside the rotating adsorption bed 301, the adsorption bed central shaft 304 is connected to the rotating adsorption bed 301 through a keyway, a gear set 305 is arranged outside the adsorption bed central shaft 304, a variable frequency motor 306 is arranged on one side of the shell 1, the gear set 305 and the variable frequency motor 306 are connected through a rotating shaft, the adsorption bed central shaft 304 is connected to the gear set 305 through a keyway, the waste heat regeneration component includes a microwave generator 401, a heat pipe heat exchanger 402 and a heat conducting pipe 403, the microwave generator 401 is arranged outside the rotating adsorption bed 301, the heat pipe heat exchanger 402 is arranged on one side outside the microwave generator 401, the heat conducting pipe 403 is arranged on one side of the heat pipe heat exchanger 402, the other end of the heat conducting pipe 403 is used to be connected to the exhaust pipe of the ship diesel engine, a high-pressure pipeline 501 is arranged above the swirl adsorption reaction tower 3, one end of the high-pressure pipeline 501 is connected to the CO 2 liquefied storage tank 5, the CO 2 inside the liquefied storage tank 5, a three-stage membrane separator 502 is arranged, the CO 2 inside the liquefied storage tank 5, a spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil 503 is arranged.

[0044] Preferably, the ceramic fiber filter cartridge 202 and the electrostatic precipitator 203 in the multi-stage turbulent flow dust remover 201 are connected in series through a flange to form a gradient filtration structure; the ceramic fiber filter cartridge 202 intercepts particles >10μm through surface micropores, the electrostatic precipitator 203 applies a 15kV high-voltage electric field to adsorb PM2.5 particles, and the two cooperate to improve the dust removal efficiency; the cooling medium channel 205 of the plate heat exchanger 204 is directly connected to the ship seawater pipeline, and the 450℃ waste gas is cooled to 80±5℃ by using seawater at 25-30℃, improving the heat exchange efficiency and avoiding additional energy consumption.

[0045] Preferably, a fan-shaped adsorption channel 307 is provided inside the rotary adsorption bed 301. There are six groups of fan-shaped adsorption channels 307. A flow guiding vane 308 is arranged inside the fan-shaped adsorption channel 307, and an optical fiber temperature sensor 309 is arranged outside the fan-shaped adsorption channel 307.

[0046] Preferably, the six-channel structure of the rotary adsorption bed 301 is connected to the adsorption bed central shaft 304 through a keyway and rotates at 20 ± 5 rpm driven by a variable-frequency motor 306; the 45° flow guiding vanes 308 arranged on the inner wall of each fan-shaped adsorption channel 307 cause the waste gas to form a swirl, enabling the waste gas to fully contact the composite adsorbent within 0.5 seconds, improving the adsorption efficiency; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor monitors the temperature gradient of each channel in real time, and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed through the PID algorithm to ensure that the temperature difference of the adsorption bed ≤ 5 °C, avoiding the failure of the adsorbent caused by local overheating.

[0047] Preferably, the microwave generator 401 of the waste heat regeneration component is a 2.45 GHz magnetron array, and six groups are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotary adsorption bed 301. The heat conduction tube 403 of the heat pipe heat exchanger 402 is filled with sodium-potassium alloy.

[0048] Preferably, the six groups of 2.45 GHz magnetrons evenly distributed in the circumferential direction radiate microwaves to the adsorption bed at a 30° angle. Combining with the heat pipe heat exchanger 402 filled with sodium-potassium alloy, the waste heat of 300 - 400 °C from the diesel engine is conducted to the adsorption bed; the microwave field selectively heats the polar molecules in the adsorbent, reducing the regeneration temperature from the traditional 150 °C to 120 °C and reducing energy consumption.

[0049] Preferably, the three-stage membrane separator 502 is composed of a ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane, a polyimide hollow fiber membrane, and a carbon molecular sieve membrane in series in sequence. The membrane pore diameter of the ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane is 0.39 nm, the membrane pore diameter of the polyimide hollow fiber membrane is 0.44 nm, and the membrane pore diameter of the carbon molecular sieve membrane is 0.49 nm. CO 2 The tank body of the liquefied storage tank 5 is a double-wall hollow structure. CO 2 The double-wall hollow structure of the liquefied storage tank 5 is filled with nano-silica gel.

[0050] Preferably, in the three-stage membrane separator 502, the ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane preferentially permeates CO through a 0.39 nm pore diameter. 2 , the polyimide hollow fiber membrane intercepts N 2 , the carbon molecular sieve membrane separates the remaining O 2 , improving the purity of CO 2 , the spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil 503 uses an R744 / R32 mixed refrigerant to liquefy the gas under the conditions of -50 °C and 20 bar. The double-layer vacuum storage tank filled with nano-silica aerogel reduces the daily evaporation rate.

[0051] Preferably, the control component includes a controller 601, a laser detection module 602, and a sealing valve 603. The controller 601 is disposed above the housing 1, the laser detection module 602 is disposed inside the housing 1. The laser detection module 602 is internally provided with a tunable diode laser and a photodetector. The sealing valve 603 is disposed outside the high-pressure pipeline 501, and the surface of the sealing valve 603 is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating.

[0052] Preferably, the tunable diode laser of the laser detection module 602 emits near-infrared light, which passes through the middle of the adsorption reaction tower and is received by the photodetector. The nano-aluminum oxide coating on the surface of the sealing valve 603 can withstand a high temperature of 600 °C and closes within 0.5 seconds when a leak is detected.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 4 , a method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device, including the following steps:

[0054] S1: Exhaust gas pretreatment: The exhaust gas of the ship diesel engine passes through a multi-stage turbulent dust collector 201 to remove PM2.5 particles in sequence, and then is cooled to 80 ± 5 °C by seawater through a plate heat exchanger 204;

[0055] S2: Cyclone adsorption: The pretreated exhaust gas enters the cyclone adsorption reaction tower 3 at a flow rate of 15 - 25 m / s, driving the rotating adsorption bed 301 to rotate at 20 ± 5 rpm, and the contact time between the exhaust gas and the composite adsorbent layer 303 is 0.5 - 1.2 seconds;

[0056] S3: Coupled regeneration: When the adsorbent is saturated, start the microwave generator 401 to irradiate the adsorption bed with a total power of 3 kW, and at the same time introduce the waste heat of the diesel engine at 300 - 400 °C through the heat pipe heat exchanger 402 to maintain the desorption temperature at 120 - 150 °C;

[0057] S4: CO 2 Treatment: After the desorbed gas is purified to a concentration of 99.5% through three-stage membrane separation, it is liquefied and stored under the conditions of -50 °C and 20 bar in the spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil 503;

[0058] S5: Leakage control: The CO 2 concentration is monitored in real time through the laser gas detection module. When a leak of ≥10 ppm is detected, the controller 601 controls the sealing valve 603 to close within 0.5 seconds.

[0059] Preferably, the cyclone adsorption process in step S2 specifically includes:

[0060] S201: The exhaust gas forms a cyclone through the guide vane 308, and the centrifugal acceleration reaches 50 - 80 g;

[0061] S202: Dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the adsorption bed according to the data of the fiber optic temperature sensor to make the temperature difference between channels ≤ 5°C;

[0062] S203: Switch one adsorption channel to the regeneration mode every 45 minutes.

[0063] Preferably, the coupled regeneration described in step S3 includes:

[0064] S301: Microwave power gradient loading: linearly increase from 0 kW to 3 kW in the initial 5 minutes;

[0065] S302: Waste heat temperature control: By adjusting the opening degree of the diesel engine exhaust pipe valve, make the temperature at the outlet of the heat conduction pipe 403 stable at 150 ± 2°C;

[0066] S303: The desorbed gas removes particulate matter with a particle size > 10 μm through the rotary adsorption bed 301.

[0067] Preferably, the liquefied storage described in step S4 includes:

[0068] S401: The operating pressure of the three-stage membrane separation is 3.5 ± 0.2 MPa, and the membrane surface flow rate is 2 - 3 m / s;

[0069] S402: In the mixed refrigerant of the low-temperature liquefaction coil, the mass ratio of R744 to R32 is 6:4, and the evaporation temperature is -55°C ± 1°C;

[0070] S403: Liquid CO 2 The storage pressure is maintained at 18 - 22 bar, and the temperature fluctuation ≤ ±0.5°C.

[0071] Preferably, the leakage control step in step S5 further includes performing a seal tightness test every 24 hours, filling the pipeline with nitrogen at 1.2 times the working pressure, and the pressure drop rate ≤ 0.5% / h.

[0072] Optionally, ocean freighters are usually equipped with high-power diesel engines, and their exhaust gases contain a large amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants; in order to comply with international environmental protection regulations and reduce carbon emissions, an ocean freighter decides to use the ship exhaust gas treatment equipment of the present invention for exhaust gas treatment;

[0073] Among them, the equipment configuration and parameters are as follows:

[0074] Pretreatment unit 2:

[0075] Multistage turbulent flow dust collector 201: The filtration efficiency of the ceramic fiber filter cartridge 202 is 99%, the electrostatic precipitator 203 applies a 15 kV high-voltage electric field, and the PM2.5 removal efficiency is 95%;

[0076] Plate heat exchanger 204: The cooling medium channel 205 is directly connected to the ship's seawater pipeline. The seawater temperature is 28°C, the waste gas inlet temperature is 450°C, and the outlet temperature is 82°C;

[0077] Swirl adsorption reaction tower 3:

[0078] Rotating adsorption bed 301: Six-channel structure, the inner diameter of the channel is 200 mm, the thickness of the adsorbent layer 303 is 50 mm, graphene metal-organic framework composite adsorbent material;

[0079] Rotational speed of the adsorption bed: 22 rpm, driven by a variable-frequency motor 306;

[0080] Flow guide vane 308: 45° inclination angle, causing the waste gas to form a swirl, with a centrifugal acceleration of 65g;

[0081] Optical fiber temperature sensor 309: Real-time monitoring of the temperature of each channel, with the temperature difference controlled within ≤ 4°C;

[0082] Waste heat regeneration component

[0083] Microwave generator 401: 2.45 GHz magnetron array, with a total power of 3 kW, evenly distributed in six groups along the circumferential direction of the rotating adsorption bed 301;

[0084] Heat pipe heat exchanger 402: The heat conduction pipe 403 is filled with sodium-potassium alloy and is connected to the diesel engine exhaust pipe to introduce waste heat of 350°C;

[0085] Microwave power loading: Initially, it linearly increases from 0 kW to 3 kW in 5 minutes;

[0086] CO 2 Liquid storage tank 5:

[0087] Three-stage membrane separator 502: ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane, polyimide hollow fiber membrane, and carbon molecular sieve membrane are connected in series in turn, and the membrane pore diameters are 0.39 nm, 0.44 nm, and 0.49 nm respectively;

[0088] Spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil 503: Using R744 / R32 mixed refrigerant, evaporation temperature -54°C, operating pressure 20 bar;

[0089] Liquid CO 2 Storage: Pressure 20 bar, temperature fluctuation ≤ ±0.3°C;

[0090] Control component:

[0091] Laser detection module 602: The tunable diode laser emits near-infrared light, and the photodetector receives it;

[0092] Sealing valve 603: The surface is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating, resistant to high temperature of 600°C, and closes within 0.5 seconds when leakage is detected;

[0093] Perform a tightness test every 24 hours. Fill the pipeline with nitrogen at 1.2 times the working pressure, and the pressure drop rate ≤ 0.3% / h.

[0094] The operation data is as follows:

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] The specific operation steps and effects are as follows:

[0098] Waste gas pretreatment:

[0099] The waste gas passes through the multi-stage turbulent dust collector 201, and the PM2.5 particle removal efficiency reaches 95%; the waste gas passes through the plate heat exchanger 204, and the temperature drops from 450°C to 82°C, improving the heat exchange efficiency and avoiding additional energy consumption.

[0100] Swirl adsorption:

[0101] The pretreated waste gas enters the swirl adsorption reaction tower 3 at a flow rate of 20 m / s; the rotating adsorption bed 301 rotates at 22 rpm, and the contact time between the waste gas and the composite adsorbent layer 303 is 1 second; the guide vane 308 makes the waste gas form a swirl, with a centrifugal acceleration of 65 g, improving the adsorption efficiency; the fiber optic temperature sensor monitors the temperature of each channel in real time, and the temperature difference is controlled at ≤ 4°C.

[0102] Coupled regeneration:

[0103] When the adsorbent is saturated, start the microwave generator 401 to irradiate the adsorption bed with a total power of 3 kW; introduce the waste heat of the diesel engine at 350°C through the heat pipe heat exchanger 402 to maintain the desorption temperature at 120 - 150°C; the microwave power linearly rises from 0 kW to 3 kW within 5 minutes to avoid thermal shock to the adsorbent.

[0104] CO 2 Treatment:

[0105] The desorbed gas is purified to a concentration of 99.5% through three-stage membrane separation; it is liquefied and stored under the conditions of -54°C and 20 bar in the spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil 503.

[0106] Leakage control:

[0107] Real-time monitor the CO 2 concentration through the laser gas detection module; when a leakage of ≥ 10 ppm is detected, the sealing valve 603 closes within 0.5 seconds; perform a tightness test every 24 hours, and the pressure drop rate ≤ 0.3% / h.

[0108] In this embodiment, through the vertical stacking design of the equipment, the modules are directly docked with flanges, reducing the occupation of the transition space and adapting to the relatively small space of the ship engine room. Through the microwave waste heat coupling regeneration technology, the regeneration temperature is reduced from the traditional 150°C to 120°C, reducing the energy consumption by 30%. The laser detection module 602 monitors the CO 2 concentration in real time. The surface nano-aluminum oxide coating of the sealing valve 603 can withstand a high temperature of 600°C and closes within 0.5 seconds when leakage is detected, improving the safety of the equipment. The double-layer wall hollow structure is filled with nano-silica aerogel, reducing the daily evaporation rate of liquid CO 2 by 20%.

[0109] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship exhaust gas treatment device, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The invention also comprises a pretreatment unit (2), a cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3), a waste heat regeneration component, a CO2 liquefaction storage tank (5) and a control component. The pretreatment unit (2) is arranged inside the shell (1), the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3) is arranged above the pretreatment unit (2), the waste heat regeneration component is arranged on the inner side of the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3), the CO2 liquefaction storage tank (5) is arranged above the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3), the control component is arranged above the shell (1), the pretreatment unit (2) is arranged inside the multi-stage turbulent dust collector (201), the pretreatment unit (2) is arranged inside the plate heat exchanger (204), and the multi-stage turbulent dust collector (201) is arranged inside the ceramic fiber The filter cartridge (202) is provided with an electrostatic precipitator (203) inside the multi-stage turbulent dust collector (201), the ceramic fiber filter cartridge (202) and the electrostatic precipitator (203) are connected in series via a flange, a plate heat exchanger (204) is provided inside the pretreatment unit (2), a cooling medium channel (205) is provided on one side of the plate heat exchanger (204), one end of the cooling medium channel (205) is interconnected with a ship seawater pipeline, an air inlet end of the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3) and an output end of the pretreatment unit (2) are interconnected, a rotating adsorption bed (301) is provided inside the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3), the rotating adsorption bed (301) is a ring-shaped six-channel structure, and the rotating adsorption bed ( An adsorbent layer (303) is arranged on the inner side of the rotating adsorption bed (301), and the material of the adsorbent layer (303) is a graphene metal organic framework composite adsorption material. An adsorption bed central axis (304) is arranged on the inner side of the rotating adsorption bed (301), and the adsorption bed central axis (304) and the rotating adsorption bed (301) are connected by a keyway. A gear set (305) is arranged on the outer side of the adsorption bed central axis (304). A variable frequency motor (306) is arranged on one side of the housing (1), and the gear set (305) and the variable frequency motor (306) are connected by a rotating shaft. The adsorption bed central axis (304) and the gear set (305) are connected by a keyway. The waste heat regeneration component includes a microwave generator (401), a heat pipe heat exchanger (402) and a heat conducting pipe (403); a microwave generator (401) is arranged outside the rotating adsorption bed (301); a heat pipe heat exchanger (402) is arranged outside one side of the microwave generator (401); a heat conducting pipe (403) is arranged on one side of the heat pipe heat exchanger (402); the other end of the heat conducting pipe (403) is used to be connected to an exhaust pipe of a ship diesel engine; a high-pressure pipeline (501) is arranged above the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3); one end of the high-pressure pipeline (501) is connected to a CO2 liquefaction storage tank (5); a three-stage membrane separator (502) is arranged inside the CO2 liquefaction storage tank (5); and a spiral low-temperature liquefaction coil (503) is arranged inside the CO2 liquefaction storage tank (5).

2. A ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fan-shaped adsorption channel (307) is provided on the inner side of the rotating adsorption bed (301), and six groups of fan-shaped adsorption channels (307) are provided. A guide vane (308) is provided on the inner side of the fan-shaped adsorption channel (307), and an optical fiber temperature sensor (309) is provided on the outer side of the fan-shaped adsorption channel (307).

3. A ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave generator (401) of the waste heat regeneration component is a 2.45 GHz magnetron array, six groups of which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating adsorption bed (301), and the heat pipe (403) of the heat pipe heat exchanger (402) is filled with sodium-potassium alloy.

4. A ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-stage membrane separator (502) is composed of a ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane, a polyimide hollow fiber membrane and a carbon molecular sieve membrane connected in series in sequence. The pore size of the ZIF-8 / PDMS composite membrane is 0.39 nm, the pore size of the polyimide hollow fiber membrane is 0.44 nm, and the pore size of the carbon molecular sieve membrane is 0.49 nm. The tank body of the CO2 liquefied storage tank (5) is a double-walled hollow structure, and the double-walled hollow structure of the CO2 liquefied storage tank (5) is filled with nano-silica gel.

5. A ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component comprises a controller (601), a laser detection module (602) and a sealing valve (603); the controller (601) is arranged above the housing (1); the laser detection module (602) is arranged on the inner side of the housing (1); the laser detection module (602) has a built-in tunable diode laser and a photodetector; the sealing valve (603) is arranged on the outer side of the high-pressure pipeline (501); and the surface of the sealing valve (603) is coated with a nano-aluminum oxide coating.

6. A method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: exhaust gas pretreatment: the exhaust gas from the ship diesel engine passes through a multi-stage turbulent dust collector (201) to remove PM2.5 particles, and then passes through a plate heat exchanger (204) to cool the temperature to 80±5°C using seawater; S2: Cyclone adsorption: the pretreated waste gas enters the cyclone adsorption reaction tower (3) at a flow rate of 15-25 m / s, driving the rotating adsorption bed (301) to rotate at 20±5 rpm, and the contact time between the waste gas and the composite adsorbent layer (303) is 0.5-1.2 seconds; S3: coupled regeneration: when the adsorbent is saturated, the microwave generator (401) is started to irradiate the adsorption bed with a total power of 3 kW, and at the same time, 300-400°C diesel engine waste heat is introduced through the heat pipe heat exchanger (402) to maintain a desorption temperature of 120-150°C; S4: CO2 treatment: After the desorbed gas is purified to a concentration of 99.5% by three-stage membrane separation, it is liquefied and stored in a spiral cryogenic liquefaction coil (503) at -50°C and 20 bar; S5: Leakage control: The CO2 concentration is monitored in real time by the laser gas detection module. When a leakage of ≥10 ppm is detected, the sealing valve (603) is controlled by the controller (601) to close within 0.5 seconds.

7. A method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cyclone adsorption process in step S2 specifically includes: S201: The exhaust gas is swirled by the guide vane (308), and the centrifugal acceleration reaches 50-80g; S202: dynamically adjusting the rotation speed of the adsorption bed according to the data of the optical fiber temperature sensor so that the temperature difference of each channel is ≤5°C; S203: Switch an adsorption channel to enter the regeneration mode every 45 minutes.

8. The method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coupling regeneration in step S3 includes: S301: Microwave power gradient loading: linearly increase from 0 kW to 3 kW in the initial 5 minutes; S302: Waste heat temperature control: by adjusting the opening of the diesel engine exhaust pipe valve, the outlet temperature of the heat transfer pipe (403) is stabilized at 150±2°C; S303: The desorbed gas passes through a rotating adsorption bed (301) to remove particles with a particle size greater than 10 μm.

9. A method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquefied storage in step S4 includes: S401: The operating pressure of the three-stage membrane separation is 3.5±0.2MPa, and the membrane surface flow rate is 2-3m / s; S402: The mass ratio of R744 to R32 in the mixed refrigerant of the low-temperature liquefied coil is 6:4, and the evaporation temperature is -55℃±1℃; S403: The liquid CO2 storage pressure is maintained at 18-22 bar, and the temperature fluctuation is ≤±0.5℃.

10. A method for using a ship exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The leakage control step in step S5 also includes performing a sealing test every 24 hours, filling the pipeline with nitrogen at 1.2 times the working pressure, and the pressure drop rate is ≤0.5% / h.

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