Dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust-free cloth, in particular to dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial performance. According to the invention, the problems of poor water absorption and antibacterial property of the dust-free cloth are solved. Through the synergistic effect of soap liquid ultrasonic cleaning and esterase, impurities on the surface and the interface of the fiber are removed, and the water absorption performance of the fabric is improved; the pretreated fabric is activated and soaked in the modification liquid, so that the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the dust-free cloth are improved; through a lysozyme-chitosan composite antibacterial system, the limitation of a single antibacterial mechanism is broken through, and vacuum impregnation and freeze drying are combined, so that the dust-free cloth can continuously release antibacterial substances in the use process, and the breeding of bacteria is effectively inhibited; through the post-treatment steps of plasma treatment and hot air circulating oven curing, the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the dust-free cloth are further optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dust-free cloth, and particularly to a dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties. Background Art

[0002] Dust-free cloth is generally made of synthetic fibers (such as polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon, etc.) or natural fibers (such as cotton). Synthetic fiber dust-free cloth has the advantages of high strength, durability, and not easy to mildew, and is often used in industrial cleaning with high requirements. However, the molecular chain structure of synthetic fibers is usually relatively stable, and it is difficult for water to penetrate into the fiber interior, so its water absorption is poor. Traditional modification methods (such as surface hydrophilizing agent coating, copolymerization) rely on chemical cross-linking, and there are problems such as solvent pollution and easy shedding of the functional layer. Therefore, fiber functionalization based on biochemical methods (such as enzyme catalysis, microbial metabolites, natural biomaterial composites, etc.) has become a research hotspot.

[0003] The enzyme treatment process has been recognized as a green production process that meets environmental protection requirements. It not only improves and enhances the antibacterial properties of textiles, but also is beneficial to the protection of ecological environment because it is non-toxic, harmless, has a small dosage, can biodegrade wastewater, and has no pollution. As a non-toxic, harmless and environmentally friendly biocatalyst, with the progress of biochemical engineering technology and the improvement of the demand for green textile processing, biological enzymes are widely used in the textile field. However, the existing technology usually uses enzymes or microorganisms alone, and it is difficult to solve the water absorption and antibacterial requirements at the same time. Therefore, developing a clean cloth with excellent water absorption, persistent antibacterial properties and no dust generation has become an urgent need in the medical industry.

[0004] Therefore, a dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties. Through the synergistic effect of soap solution ultrasonic cleaning and esterase, the removal of impurities on the fiber surface and interface is realized, and the water absorption performance of the fabric is improved; by activating the pretreated fabric and impregnating it in the modification solution, the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the dust-free cloth are improved; through the lysozyme-chitosan composite antibacterial system, the limitation of a single antibacterial mechanism is broken through, and combined with vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying, the dust-free cloth can continuously release antibacterial substances during use, effectively inhibiting the growth of bacteria; through the post-treatment steps of plasma treatment and hot air circulation oven curing, the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the dust-free cloth are further optimized.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] It should be noted that all parts in the present invention are parts by mass.

[0008] The present invention provides a dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties. The preparation method of the dust-free cloth is as follows:

[0009] S1 Wash and dry the fabric, immerse it in an enzyme treatment solution with a bath ratio of 1:20, carry out a constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 45 °C for 2 - 4 h. After the reaction is completed, treat it in hot water at 80 °C for 10 min to inactivate the enzyme, and then rinse it with deionized water until neutral, and dry it to obtain a pretreated fabric;

[0010] S2 Activate the pretreated fabric and immerse it in a modification solution at 45 °C. Ultrasonically treat it (40 kHz, 200 W) for 20 min to make carboxymethyl chitosan / polyethyleneimine adsorb onto the fiber surface through electrostatic interaction. Then, dropwise add a 5 wt% sodium bicarbonate solution to promote the deposition of CaP nanoparticles in the fiber pores. After stirring at 60 °C for 1 h, take out the fabric and rinse it three times with deionized water, and dry it with hot air at 45 °C to obtain a modified fabric;

[0011] S3 Immerse the modified fabric in an antibacterial agent loading solution, ultrasonically treat it at 45 °C for 30 min, and then carry out vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying to obtain an antibacterial agent-loaded fabric;

[0012] S4 Carry out plasma treatment on the antibacterial agent-loaded fabric and cure it in a hot air circulation oven for 3 min to obtain a dust-free cloth;

[0013] The enzyme treatment solution is obtained by dissolving esterase in a phosphate buffer solution;

[0014] The modification solution is prepared from carboxymethyl chitosan, citric acid, nano calcium phosphate, and polyethyleneimine;

[0015] The antibacterial agent loading solution is prepared from lysozyme and chitosan.

[0016] Preferably, the washing step in S1 is as follows: Add the fabric to a soap solution, ultrasonically oscillate it for 30 min, and then rinse it clean with water; The soap solution is mixed by a detergent and deionized water, with a concentration of 5 g / L and a bath ratio of 1:30 - 50; The detergent is 209 detergent.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the enzyme treatment solution in S1 is as follows: Dissolve 2.8 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 15.1 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate in 800 parts of deionized water respectively, stir until completely dissolved, mix them and calibrate to 7.5 with a pH meter, and make up the volume to 1000 parts to obtain a phosphate solution; Add the phosphate buffer solution to a container, add 30 - 50 parts of esterase to it, stir at a speed of 500 rpm until completely dissolved, add 1.5 parts of Triton X-100 and 15 parts of glycerol and continue to stir for 10 min to obtain the enzyme treatment solution.

[0018] Preferably, the activation step in S2 is as follows: Immerse the pretreated fabric in dilute hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5.5 and oscillate it for 15 min.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the modification liquid in S2 is as follows: Add 15 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan to 100 parts of deionized water preheated to 50 °C, stir until completely dissolved, add 0.1 M dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 5.5 to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution; dissolve 3 parts of polyethyleneimine in 50 parts of deionized water, stir until clarified, and then add the carboxymethyl chitosan solution to obtain a composite colloid; dissolve 8 - 15 parts of citric acid in 100 parts of deionized water preheated to 45 °C, add the composite colloid, raise the temperature to 55 - 65 °C, and stir at a speed of 800 rpm for 30 min to obtain a composite liquid; mix 5 parts of nano calcium phosphate and 10 parts of polyethylene glycol (PEG - 400), and ultrasonicate for 30 min to obtain a suspension; drop the suspension into the composite liquid at a speed of 2 mL / min, simultaneously apply high - speed shear dispersion, and then make up to 1000 parts with deionized water, and store in the dark at 4 °C to obtain the modification liquid.

[0020] Preferably, the preparation method of the antibacterial agent loading liquid in S3 is as follows: Add 10 parts of chitosan powder to an acetic acid solution, stir at 50 °C for 6 h, cool down to 30 °C, add 1 - 3.5 parts of lysozyme and stir for 30 min, add 60 parts of glycerol and make up to 1000 parts with deionized water, filter with a 0.45 μm filter membrane, and then sterilize with ethylene oxide gas to obtain the antibacterial agent loading liquid.

[0021] Preferably, the vacuum impregnation in S3 is carried out at - 80 kPa for 30 - 45 min; the freeze - drying is carried out at - 50 °C for 24 h.

[0022] Preferably, the plasma treatment power in S4 is 150 - 210 W, the pressure is 50 - 70 Pa, the treatment time is 90 s, and the working gas is oxygen.

[0023] Preferably, the fabric in S1 is one of polyester and polyester - nylon; the structure of the fabric is one of plain weave, net weave, and pk weave.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. Through the synergistic effect of soap solution ultrasonic cleaning and esterase, the present invention realizes the removal of impurities on the fiber surface and interface, and improves the water absorption performance of the fabric. The surfactant in the soap solution strips the deep - layer oil stains remaining on the fiber, and the esterase directionally hydrolyzes the oligomers and ester - type pollution layers on the surface of the polyester fiber, significantly reducing the surface roughness and hydrophobicity barrier of the fiber; the phosphate buffer system of the enzyme treatment solution stabilizes the enzyme activity, simultaneously realizes the repair of fiber micro - damage, exposes more hydroxyl and carboxyl active sites, which is beneficial to the better attachment and penetration of the subsequent modification liquid and antibacterial agent loading liquid; at the same time, the enzyme treatment is a mild biochemical treatment method, which will not cause excessive damage to the original structure of the fabric, ensuring the strength and durability of the fabric.

[0026] 2. In the present invention, ultrasonic activation in S2 expands the fiber micropores, promoting the deep penetration of the carboxymethyl chitosan / polyethyleneimine composite colloid into the fiber pores. Moreover, the cationic groups on the surface of polyethyleneimine firmly bind to the lysozyme in S3 through electrostatic adsorption; the esterification crosslinking of citric acid forms a dense carboxyl network on the fiber surface, endowing the ability to adsorb dynamic water molecules. The spherical micro water storage units formed by nano calcium phosphate and polyethylene glycol are embedded therein, and the capillary action improves the water absorption rate; dropping sodium bicarbonate triggers a pH jump in the system through a neutralization reaction: on the one hand, it solidifies the crosslinked network to prevent the dissolution of the functional layer; on the other hand, it induces the electrostatic self-assembly of nano calcium phosphate and chitosan to form an ionic antibacterial gate to inhibit microbial adhesion and metabolism.

[0027] 3. The present invention breaks through the limitations of a single antibacterial mechanism through the lysozyme-chitosan composite antibacterial system. Through steps such as ultrasonic treatment, vacuum impregnation, and freeze-drying, the antibacterial agent is effectively loaded onto the fabric. Lysozyme achieves targeted bactericidal action by lysing the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall, while chitosan relies on protonated amino groups to disrupt the microbial membrane potential and establish a microbial metabolism inhibition barrier; through the methods of vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying, the antibacterial agent can penetrate more deeply into the internal structure of the fabric and maintain the activity of the antibacterial agent, enabling the cleanroom cloth to continuously release antibacterial substances during use, effectively inhibiting the growth of bacteria, and improving the antibacterial performance of the cleanroom cloth while also enhancing the water absorption performance.

[0028] 4. The present invention further optimizes the water absorption and antibacterial performance of the cleanroom cloth through two post-treatment steps: plasma treatment and hot air circulation oven curing. Oxygen plasma etching introduces nano-scale pits and oxygen-containing polar groups on the fiber surface, enlarging the pore size and increasing the hydrophilicity of the fabric. These oxygen-containing groups can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby improving the water absorption ability of the fabric; at the same time, plasma treatment can also improve the surface roughness of the fabric, increase the specific surface area, and further enhance the water absorption performance; hot air circulation oven curing can better fix the antibacterial agent and the modified components on the fabric, improve the binding fastness with the fabric, and ensure the stability of the antibacterial and water absorption performance. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is the process flow chart for the preparation of the high water absorption and antibacterial performance cleanroom cloth of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is the antibacterial photo of the cleanroom cloth before (a) and after (b) treatment in Example 7 of the present invention against Escherichia coli;

[0031] Figure 3 is the antibacterial photo of the cleanroom cloth before (a) and after (b) treatment in Example 7 of the present invention against Staphylococcus aureus. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties. After the fabric is washed and dried, it is impregnated in an enzyme treatment solution, followed by hydrochloric acid activation and modification solution impregnation. Then, it is immersed in an antibacterial agent loading solution and subjected to vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying. Finally, plasma treatment and hot air circulation curing are carried out to obtain the dust-free cloth. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0034] The substance information involved in the present invention is as follows:

[0035] Sodium bicarbonate CAS: 144-55-8; Disodium hydrogen phosphate CAS: 7558-79-4; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate CAS: 89140-32-9; Esterase CAS: 9016-18-6; Triton X-100 CAS: 9002-93-1; Glycerol CAS: 56-81-5; Carboxymethyl chitosan CAS: 83512-85-0; Polyethyleneimine CAS: 9002-98-6; Citric acid CAS: 77-92-9; Calcium phosphate CAS: 10103-46-5; Chitosan CAS: 9012-76-4; Lysozyme CAS: 12650-88-3; Ethylene oxide CAS: 75-21-8; 209 detergent is purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is purchased from Zhengzhou Tongli Surfactant Co., Ltd.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] S1 Add the straight-grained polyester fabric to the soap solution, ultrasonically oscillate for 30 min, then rinse it clean with water and dry it. Immerse it in the enzyme treatment solution with a bath ratio of 1:20, and carry out a constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 45 °C for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, treat it in hot water at 80 °C for 10 min to inactivate the enzyme, and then rinse it with deionized water until neutral and dry it to obtain the pretreated fabric; the soap solution is composed of a detergent and deionized water with a concentration of 5 g / L and a bath ratio of 1:30; the detergent is 209 detergent;

[0038] S2 Immerse the pretreated fabric in dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) with a pH of 5.5 and oscillate for 15 min. Then immerse it in the modification solution at 45 °C and ultrasonically treat (40 kHz, 200 W) for 20 min to adsorb carboxymethyl chitosan / polyethyleneimine onto the fiber surface through electrostatic interaction. Then add 5 wt% sodium bicarbonate solution dropwise to promote the deposition of calcium phosphate nanoparticles in the fiber pores. After stirring at 60 °C for 1 h, take out the fabric and rinse it three times with deionized water, and dry it with hot air at 45 °C to obtain the modified fabric;

[0039] S3 Immerse the modified fabric in the antibacterial agent loading solution, ultrasonically treat it at 45 °C for 30 min, then perform vacuum impregnation at -80 kPa for 30 min, then place it in an environment at 0 °C for 15 min, and then freeze-dry it at -50 °C for 24 h to obtain the antibacterial agent-loaded fabric;

[0040] S4 Place the antibacterial agent-loaded fabric in an environment at 5 °C for 30 min, then perform oxygen plasma treatment at a power of 150 W and a pressure of 50 Pa for 90 s, and then cure it in a hot air circulation oven at 60 °C for 3 min to obtain the dust-free cloth;

[0041] The preparation method of the enzyme treatment solution is as follows: Dissolve 2.8 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 15.1 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate in 800 parts of deionized water respectively, stir until completely dissolved, mix them and calibrate to 7.5 with a pH meter, and make up the volume to 1000 parts to obtain the phosphate solution; Add the phosphate buffer solution to a container, add 30 parts of esterase to it, stir at a speed of 500 rpm until completely dissolved, add 1.5 parts of Triton X-100 and 15 parts of glycerol and continue to stir for 10 min to obtain the enzyme treatment solution;

[0042] The preparation method of the modification solution is as follows: Add 15 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan to 100 parts of deionized water preheated to 50 °C and stir until completely dissolved, add 0.1 M dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 5.5 to obtain the carboxymethyl chitosan solution; Dissolve 3 parts of polyethyleneimine in 50 parts of deionized water, stir until clear and then add the carboxymethyl chitosan solution to obtain a composite colloid; Dissolve 8 parts of citric acid in 100 parts of deionized water preheated to 45 °C, add the composite colloid, heat up to 55 °C, and stir at a speed of 800 rpm for 30 min to obtain a composite solution; Mix 5 parts of nano calcium phosphate and 10 parts of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400), and ultrasonically treat (40 kHz, 300 W) for 30 min to obtain a suspension; Drop the suspension into the composite solution at a speed of 2 mL / min, simultaneously apply high-speed shear dispersion (12000 rpm, 15 min), and then make up the volume to 1000 parts with deionized water, and store it in the dark at 4 °C to obtain the modification solution;

[0043] The preparation method of the antibacterial agent-loaded solution is as follows: Add 10 parts of chitosan powder to acetic acid solution, stir at 50 °C for 6 h, cool down to 30 °C, add 1 part of lysozyme and stir for 30 min, add 60 parts of glycerol and make up the volume to 1000 parts with deionized water, filter with a 0.45-μm filter membrane, and then sterilize by γ-ray irradiation to obtain the antibacterial agent-loaded solution.

[0044] Examples 2-10

[0045] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The specific differences are shown in Table 1 and Table 2; in Table 1, the oscillation time is the constant-temperature oscillation time when the fabric is immersed in the enzyme treatment solution; in Table 2, the temperature is the temperature rise after adding the composite colloid when preparing the modified solution.

[0046] Table 1 Specific preparation parameters of Examples 2-10 (I)

[0047] Example Fabric Soap solution bath ratio Dosage of esterase / part Oscillation time / h Dosage of citric acid / part Example 2 Plain weave polyester and nylon 1：35 35 2.5 10 Example 3 Mesh pattern polyester 1：40 40 3 12 Example 4 Mesh pattern polyester and nylon 1：45 45 3.5 15 Example 5 PK pattern polyester 1：50 50 4 12 Example 6 PK pattern polyester and nylon 1：38 42 2.6 10 Example 7 PK pattern polyester 1：45 40 3 10 Example 8 PK pattern polyester 1：48 48 3.7 10

[0048] Table 2 Specific preparation parameters of Examples 2-10 (II)

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The difference is that the fabric was not washed in S1.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The difference is that the fabric was not immersed in the enzyme treatment solution after being washed in S1.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The difference is that Triton X-100 was not added when preparing the enzyme treatment solution.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The difference is that glycerol was not added when preparing the enzyme treatment solution.

[0059] Comparative Example 5

[0060] Refer to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1. The difference is that the pretreated fabric was not activated in S2.

[0061] Comparative Example 6

[0062] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that in S2, the pretreated fabric after activation was not immersed in the modification solution.

[0063] Comparative Example 7

[0064] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that in S2, sodium bicarbonate solution was not added after ultrasonic treatment.

[0065] Comparative Example 8

[0066] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that citric acid was not added when preparing the modification solution.

[0067] Comparative Example 9

[0068] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that nano-calcium carbonate was not added when preparing the modification solution.

[0069] Comparative Example 10

[0070] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that polyethyleneimine was not added when preparing the modification solution.

[0071] Comparative Example 11

[0072] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that when the pretreated fabric was immersed in the modification solution after activation in S2, ultrasonic assistance was not applied.

[0073] Comparative Example 12

[0074] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that the modified fabric was not subjected to the treatment in step S3.

[0075] Comparative Example 13

[0076] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that vacuum impregnation was not carried out in step S3.

[0077] Comparative Example 14

[0078] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that freeze-drying in step S3 was replaced by drying at room temperature with static placement.

[0079] Comparative Example 15

[0080] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that plasma treatment was not carried out in S4.

[0081] Comparative Example 16

[0082] Referring to the preparation method and parameter conditions of Example 1, the difference is that hot air circulation oven curing was not carried out in S4.

[0083] Comparative Example 17

[0084] This comparative example uses the original dust-free cloth fabric without any treatment.

[0085] Test Example

[0086] Antibacterial performance test: Referring to the standard GB / T20944.3-2008 "Evaluation of antibacterial properties of textiles - Part 3: Oscillation method", the antibacterial properties of the experimental examples, comparative examples, and the original fabric samples were determined using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

[0087] Water absorption performance and cleanliness test: Determined according to the water absorption amount and water absorption rate test operation instruction manual of the wiping cloth of our company; the test results are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3 Water absorption amount, water absorption rate, antibacterial rate, and cleanliness test of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-17

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from Table 3, in Examples 1-8, through the synergistic effect of pretreatment - modification - antibacterial loading - post-treatment, the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the dust-free cloth were significantly improved. Among them, the directional enzyme treatment cleans the fiber surface and constructs a microporous structure, laying a foundation for the uniform loading of the carboxymethyl chitosan / calcium phosphate composite coating; the acidic activation and amphoteric colloid modification form multiple nano-adsorption sites, which not only enhance the hydrophilicity of the fiber but also improve the water absorption capacity by storing water in the pores of calcium phosphate; vacuum impregnation combined with freeze-drying ensures the deep penetration and activity retention of the antibacterial agent (lysozyme - chitosan), forming a long-term synergistic antibacterial network with the surface coating; the combination of plasma treatment and thermal curing enhances the water absorption rapidity through surface etching, while solidifying the anchoring effect of the antibacterial agent to avoid swelling and shedding. The four-stage process is interlocked, enabling the deep coupling of the fiber surface microstructure, interfacial bonding strength, and the distribution depth of functional components, and finally achieving an integrated breakthrough in the water absorption, antibacterial persistence, and cleanliness of the dust-free cloth. The water absorption amount of the prepared dust-free cloth is 312 - 367 mL / m 2 , the water absorption rate is 1.0 - 1.1 s, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli is 92.82% - 96.93%, the antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus is 93.03% - 98.95%, the airborne particle release amount APC is 117 - 125 Ea / ft 3 , the liquid particle release amount is 17 - 25 Ea / cm 2 , having good water absorption and antibacterial properties.

[0092] In Comparative Example 1, the surface of the fabric in S1 that was not washed with soap solution had residual hydrophobic impurities such as oil stains and spinning aids, which blocked the fiber pores. As a result, the esterase could not effectively contact the ester pollutants, leading to hindered hydrophilicity on the fiber surface and a decreased water absorption rate. Moreover, the pollutants covered the fiber surface, inhibiting the chemical anchoring and physical adsorption of the antibacterial agent, reducing the lysozyme loading amount, and significantly weakening the antibacterial activity. In Comparative Example 2, the fabric in S1 was not immersed in the enzyme treatment solution after washing. The absence of enzyme treatment left the oligomers and ester residues on the fiber surface unhydrolyzed, and the fiber surface still showed hydrophobicity. Also, after enzymatic hydrolysis, hydroxyl groups could be exposed. Without enzymatic hydrolysis, the binding sites between the antibacterial agent and the fiber decreased, resulting in a decline in antibacterial performance. Triton X-100 is a non-ionic surfactant that does not disrupt the charged state of the enzyme protein, avoiding the conformational change or inactivation of the enzyme caused by the strong charge interference of ionic surfactants (such as SDS). It can reduce the surface tension of the enzyme treatment solution, making it easier for the enzyme to penetrate into the fabric fibers and improving the enzyme treatment effect. In Comparative Example 3, Triton X-100 was not added when preparing the enzyme treatment solution, weakening the penetration of the enzyme, resulting in an insignificant improvement in the fabric structure and limited enhancement of the water absorption performance. Additionally, the unremoved lipid layer hindered the hydrogen bond binding between the antibacterial agent and the fiber, reducing the lysozyme loading density and affecting the antibacterial performance. Glycerol has a moisturizing effect and can help maintain the activity and stability of the enzyme, enabling the enzyme to function better during the treatment process. In Comparative Example 4, glycerol was not added when preparing the enzyme treatment solution, leading to an increased inactivation rate of the enzyme during the long-term reaction at 45°C, insufficient cleanliness of the fiber surface, and a decrease in the permeability of the subsequent modification solution. The activation step exposes more carboxyl and hydroxyl groups through acid treatment. In Comparative Example 5, the pretreated fabric in S2 was not activated, resulting in a decrease in the reaction activity on the fabric surface, a reduction in the adsorption amount of carboxymethyl chitosan, and a decrease in the water absorption capacity. The electrostatic binding strength between polyethyleneimine and the fiber was insufficient, disrupting the continuity of the chitosan film formation and decreasing the attachment strength of the antibacterial agent. The modification solution is the core for constructing a three-dimensional hydrophilic network. In Comparative Example 6, the activated pretreated fabric was not immersed in the modification solution, resulting in no carboxymethyl chitosan cross-linked layer on the fabric surface. The water absorption channels only relied on the natural fiber pores, reducing the water absorption rate. Without the polyethyleneimine / chitosan composite layer, the antibacterial agent could not form loading sites on the fiber surface, reducing the antibacterial activity. Sodium bicarbonate neutralization triggers the directional deposition of nano calcium phosphate. In Comparative Example 7, the sodium bicarbonate solution was not added after ultrasonic treatment in S2, resulting in the disordered dispersion of the nanoparticles, uneven pore size distribution of the water storage channels, and a decrease in the water absorption capacity. Without forming an ion gate composed of calcium phosphate-chitosan, the bacterial adhesion rate increased. Citric acid, as a cross-linking agent, can promote the cross-linking reaction between components such as carboxymethyl chitosan and polyethyleneimine, forming a stable network structure and improving the water absorption performance of the fabric. In Comparative Example 8, citric acid was not added when preparing the modification solution, unable to effectively form the network structure, reducing the water absorption performance. The absence of the cross-linked structure would affect the loading and stability of the antibacterial agent, making the antibacterial agent prone to shedding and decreasing the antibacterial performance.Nano calcium carbonate can increase the porosity and specific surface area of the fabric, which is beneficial to the absorption and retention of moisture. In Comparative Example 9, nano calcium carbonate was not added during the preparation of the modified liquid, resulting in the loss of the micro water storage function of nano calcium phosphate, a decrease in water absorption capacity, and a decline in the efficiency of capillary action. Moreover, a calcium ion slow-release system was not constructed, and bacterial metabolism could not be inhibited through ion interference. In Comparative Example 10, polyethyleneimine was not added during the preparation of the modified liquid. The lack of cationicity of polyethyleneimine reduced the binding force between the composite colloid and the fiber, preventing the formation of an effective water absorption structure and leading to a decline in water absorption performance. Additionally, without the positive charge attracting the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane, the targeting property of lysozyme deteriorated, and the contact antibacterial rate decreased. In Comparative Example 11, when the pretreated fabric was immersed in the modified liquid in S2, ultrasonic assistance was not applied, and the modified liquid only adhered to the fiber surface, with insufficient pore penetration depth, resulting in a decline in water absorption and antibacterial properties. In Comparative Example 12, the modified fabric was not subjected to the treatment in step S3, and the absorbent cloth had poor water absorption and antibacterial properties. Vacuum impregnation can remove the air in the fabric pores, enabling the antibacterial agent to enter the fabric interior more fully, increasing the loading amount and uniformity of the antibacterial agent. In Comparative Example 13, vacuum impregnation was not carried out in step S3, and the antibacterial agent could not penetrate into the fabric interior sufficiently, affecting the water absorption and antibacterial properties to a certain extent. Freeze-drying can maintain the pore structure of the fabric and the activity of the antibacterial agent. In Comparative Example 14, freeze-drying in step S3 was replaced with room-temperature static drying. The slow evaporation of water would lead to uneven distribution of hydrophilic components, affecting the overall water absorption performance of the fabric. Moreover, the binding force between the antibacterial agent and the fabric fibers weakened, and during subsequent use, the antibacterial agent was more likely to fall off the fabric. Plasma treatment can introduce oxygen-containing groups on the fabric surface, increasing the hydrophilicity of the fabric. In Comparative Example 15, plasma treatment was not carried out in S4, and the hydrophilic property of the fabric was poor, affecting the water absorption performance. Hot air circulation oven curing can better fix the antibacterial agent and the modified components on the fabric, enhancing the stability of the water absorption structure. In Comparative Example 16, hot air circulation oven curing was not carried out in S4, and the antibacterial agent and the modified components were not firmly fixed, resulting in a decrease in water absorption and antibacterial properties. In Comparative Example 17, the original absorbent cloth fabric without any treatment was used. Its own water absorption ability was limited, with both the water absorption amount and the water absorption rate being low. Moreover, the original fabric did not carry any antibacterial agent and had almost no antibacterial ability, making it prone to bacterial growth.

[0093] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dust-free cloth with high water absorption and antibacterial properties, characterized by: The preparation method of the dust-free cloth is as follows: S1: washing and drying the fabric, immersing it in an enzyme treatment solution, and oscillating the reaction for 2-4 hours to obtain a pretreated fabric; S2: activating the pretreated fabric and immersing it in a modification solution, adding a sodium bicarbonate solution dropwise after ultrasonic treatment, and stirring at 60° C. to obtain a modified fabric; S3: immersing the modified fabric in an antimicrobial agent-loaded liquid, performing vacuum impregnation and freeze drying after ultrasonication to obtain an antimicrobial agent-loaded fabric; S4: subjecting the antimicrobial agent loaded fabric to plasma treatment and then curing the fabric in a hot air circulation oven to obtain the dust-free fabric; The enzyme treatment solution is obtained by dissolving esterase in phosphate buffer; The modified liquid is prepared from carboxymethyl chitosan, citric acid, nano calcium phosphate and polyethylene imine; The antibacterial agent loading liquid is prepared from lysozyme and chitosan.

2. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning steps in S1 are as follows: adding the fabric into a soap solution, rinsing with clean water after ultrasonic vibration; the soap solution is a mixture of detergent and deionized water; the bath ratio is 1:30-50.

3. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the enzyme treatment solution in S1 is as follows: add the phosphate buffer into a container, add 30-50 parts of the esterase thereto, stir until completely dissolved, add Triton X-100 and glycerol and continue stirring to obtain the enzyme treatment solution.

4. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activation step in S2 is as follows: immerse the pretreated fabric in dilute hydrochloric acid with a pH of 5.5 and shake for 15 minutes.

5. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified liquid in S2 is as follows: add the carboxymethyl chitosan to deionized water and stir, add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 5.5 to obtain a carboxymethyl chitosan solution; dissolve the polyethyleneimine in the deionized water, stir until clear, and then add the carboxymethyl chitosan solution to obtain a composite colloid; Dissolve 8-15 parts of the citric acid in the deionized water, add the composite colloid, heat to 55-65° C., and stir to obtain a composite liquid; mix the nano calcium phosphate and polyethylene glycol, and obtain a suspension by ultrasound; add the suspension dropwise into the composite liquid, and then make up the volume with the deionized water to obtain the modified liquid.

6. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the antimicrobial agent-loaded liquid in S3 is as follows: add 10 parts of the chitosan powder to an acetic acid solution, stir at 50°C, cool to 30°C, add 1-3.5 parts of the lysozyme and stir, add 60 parts of glycerol and make up to volume, filter using a filter membrane, and then sterilize with ethylene oxide gas to obtain the antimicrobial agent-loaded liquid.

7. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum impregnation in S3 is performed at -80 kPa for 30-45 min; the freeze drying is performed at -50°C for 24 h.

8. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma treatment power in S4 is 150-210 W, the pressure is 50-70 Pa, the treatment time is 90 s, and the working gas is oxygen.

9. The highly water-absorbent and antibacterial dust-free cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fabric described in S1 is one of polyester and polyester nylon; the structure of the fabric is one of straight grain, reticulated grain and pk grain.

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