An anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete structure repair, and specifically discloses an anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, its preparation method and application. The spraying material comprises components in the following proportions: 20-85 parts by weight of latex solution, 0.1-3 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, 0.5-4 parts by weight of initiator, 1-15 parts by weight of silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, 2-10 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 2-30 parts by weight of water. The anti-freezing spraying material of the present invention has the characteristics of good permeability in the cracks of concrete structures and good anti-freezing performance, and is particularly suitable for repairing the cracks of concrete structures by spraying, with convenient and fast construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete structure repair, and particularly relates to an anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Disclosing the information of this background art section is only intended to increase the understanding of the overall background of the present invention, and is not necessarily regarded as an admission or an implication in any form that this information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0003] As the most widely used structural material in modern construction projects, the durability and safety of concrete are directly related to the service life and safety of buildings. However, during the construction process and service period of concrete, affected by factors such as temperature changes, load effects, and environmental erosion, cracks are extremely likely to occur. These cracks will not only reduce the mechanical properties of the concrete structure, but also accelerate the intrusion of harmful substances, seriously threatening the stability and durability of the structure.

[0004] Currently, the methods for repairing concrete cracks mainly include physical plugging and chemical repair, such as surface coating protection, grouting repair, etc. Among them, grouting repair usually requires drilling operations, which not only increases the construction difficulty; moreover, due to the high viscosity of the repair material, it is not easy to fully penetrate into the depths of fine cracks, and drilling will also cause additional damage to the structure. In addition, the performance of traditional grouting repair materials significantly decreases in low-temperature environments, and the repair effect is greatly reduced. Surface coating protection only acts on the surface of concrete, and generally has problems such as poor material permeability and easy peeling, making it difficult to effectively repair micro-cracks. Therefore, developing a concrete crack repair material with simple operation, strong permeability, and especially suitable for low-temperature environments has become an urgent problem to be solved currently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. This spraying material has the characteristics of good permeability in the cracks of concrete structures and good anti-freezing performance, and is particularly suitable for repairing the cracks of concrete structures by spraying, with convenient and fast construction. Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0006] First of all, the present invention provides an anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, which comprises the following components in the following proportions: 20 - 85 parts by weight of latex solution, 0.1 - 3 parts by weight of cross-linking agent, 0.5 - 4 parts by weight of initiator, 1 - 15 parts by weight of silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles, 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide (DMA), 2 - 10 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 2 - 30 parts by weight of water.

[0007] Further, the latex solution includes any one of natural latex, styrene-butadiene latex, nitrile latex, chloroprene latex, etc.

[0008] Further, the crosslinking agent includes at least one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate), etc.

[0009] Further, the initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide (BPO), azobisisobutyronitrile, persulfate, etc.

[0010] Further, the hydroxylated nanoparticles include at least one of nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-calcium carbonate, etc. with silanol groups on the surface.

[0011] Further, the silanol-functionalized nanoparticles are prepared by the following method: placing the nanoparticles in a mixed solution of saturated lime water and ethanol, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and performing ultrasonic treatment. After completion, the solid product is separated and freeze-dried to obtain the silanol-functionalized nanoparticles.

[0012] Further, the ratio of the nanoparticles to the mixed solution is 1 g: 35 - 50 ml. Optionally, the mass fraction of ethanol in the mixed solution is 20 - 30%.

[0013] Further, the mass fraction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the mixed solution is 1 - 2%. Optionally, the time of ultrasonic treatment is 30 - 45 min.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a preparation method of the anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, including the following steps:

[0015] (1) Mix the latex solution, silanol-functionalized nanoparticles, titanium carbide nanosheets, and dimethylacetamide evenly to obtain Agent A.

[0016] (2) Mix the water, crosslinking agent, and initiator evenly to obtain Agent B.

[0017] (3) Mix Agent A and Agent B evenly before use to obtain the anti-freezing spraying material.

[0018] Finally, the present invention provides the application of the anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks in buildings, bridges, roads, dams, etc.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention uses latex solution as a raw material. Its good fluidity can better penetrate into the cracks of the concrete structure and form a three-dimensional network structure after crosslinking, enabling the spraying material of the present invention to have good mechanical properties and solvent resistance. At the same time, the anti-freezing performance of the spraying material of the present invention is effectively improved by titanium carbide nanosheets. The reasons are as follows: (1) Titanium carbide nanosheets can absorb the energy in bands such as infrared light in sunlight and convert it into heat energy. When the external environmental temperature decreases, the titanium carbide nanosheets can use the absorbed light energy to raise the local temperature in the spraying material, thereby inhibiting the formation and growth of ice crystals. Moreover, even if a small amount of ice crystals start to form in a low-temperature environment, the photothermal energy absorbed by the titanium carbide nanosheets can also raise the local environmental temperature around the ice crystals, prompting the ice crystals to melt, thus avoiding the damage of the ice crystals to the spraying material. (2) The present invention uses functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups existing on the surface of the titanium carbide nanosheets to carry out chemical adsorption or bonding with active groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on the latex molecular chain, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding force between the nanosheets and the latex matrix and further improving the mechanical properties and solvent resistance of the spraying material of the present invention. (3) After the titanium carbide nanosheets of the present invention are uniformly dispersed in the latex solution system, they can support the matrix like a skeleton to withstand the stress applied from the outside, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties of the material. (4) The present invention uses the silanol groups on the surface of the hydroxylated nanoparticles to form physical and chemical co-crosslinking points through chemical bonding with active groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on the latex molecular chain, increasing the crosslinking degree of the latex molecules and effectively improving the mechanical properties of the spraying material. For this reason, the present invention places the nanoparticles in a mixed solution of saturated lime water and ethanol, then adds tetraethyl orthosilicate and performs ultrasonic treatment. During this process, tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolyzes in the saturated lime water to form silanol and is loaded onto the surface of the nanoparticles, enabling the nanoparticles to carry a large number of silanol groups, which is not only conducive to forming more physical and chemical co-crosslinking points with the latex molecules but also conducive to the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the latex system. In addition, the calcium ions provided by the saturated lime water can also promote the latex molecules to accelerate crosslinking polymerization based on the physical and chemical co-crosslinking points, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a sample diagram of the spraying material prepared for Example 1 below.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a sample diagram of the spraying material prepared for Example 2 below.

[0024] Figure 3Sample diagrams of the spraying materials prepared for Example 3 below.

[0025] Figure 4 Sample diagrams of the spraying materials prepared for Example 4 below.

[0026] Figure 5 Sample diagrams of the spraying materials prepared for Example 5 below. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following embodiments are generally carried out under conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturers.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. The reagents or raw materials used in the present invention can be obtained through conventional channels. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents or raw materials used in the present invention are used in the conventional manner in the art or according to the product instructions. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to the recorded content can be applied to the method of the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The preparation of an anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) Mix a mixture of nano-silica, saturated lime water and ethanol (where the mass fraction of ethanol is 25%) in a ratio of 1 g: 45 ml, and then ultrasonically disperse it evenly. Then, while ultrasonically oscillating, add tetraethyl orthosilicate according to the ratio that the mass fraction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the mixture is 1.3%. After completion, continue ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 40 min. Then, centrifuge to separate the solid product, and freeze-dry it to obtain silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles for standby.

[0032] (2) Prepare the following components in proportion: 50 parts by weight of natural rubber latex, 2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 2.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 10 parts by weight of the silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles of this example, 1.2 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, 7 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 20 parts by weight of water.

[0033] (3) Mix the natural rubber latex, silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles, dimethylacetamide, and titanium carbide nanosheets and stir for 3 min to obtain Agent A.

[0034] (4) Mix the water, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and benzoyl peroxide and stir for 2 min to obtain Agent B. Mix Agent A and Agent B evenly to obtain the spraying material, as Figure 1 shown.

[0035] Performance test:

[0036] 1. Fluidity test: Use an Ostwald viscometer to test the change in viscosity of the spraying material prepared in this example over time. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It can be seen that the viscosity of the spraying material is low in the early stage, so it has good fluidity and is convenient to enter the cracks in the concrete structure for more sufficient filling, especially for the fine micro-cracks with a width less than 1 mm. As time increases, the fluidity of the spraying material drops rapidly, thus achieving rapid curing to repair the cracks;

[0037] Table 1

[0038] .

[0039] 2. Chemical erosion resistance test: Pour the spraying material prepared in this example into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm and take out the specimen after 3 days. Immerse the specimen in deionized water, simulated seawater, 6 wt.% NaCl solution, hydrochloric acid with pH = 2, and sodium hydroxide solution with pH = 10 respectively. Take out the specimen after 30 days, put it in a vacuum drying oven at 45 °C to dry and then weigh the mass. The results are shown in Table 2 below: It can be seen that the mass of the specimen basically does not change before and after immersion, indicating that the spraying material prepared in this example has excellent chemical erosion resistance;

[0040] Table 2 (unit: g)

[0041] .

[0042] 3. Frost resistance performance test: The spraying material prepared in this embodiment was applied to the fracture surface of a concrete specimen for bonding repair. After 7 days, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the concrete specimen were tested (recorded as the strength before freeze-thaw cycles). Then, the specimen was subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, and after completion, the flexural strength and compressive strength were tested again. The specific method for the freeze-thaw cycle test is as follows: The specimen was placed in a container and filled with tap water to submerge the top surface of the specimen by 5 mm. Then, the whole was placed in a freeze-thaw chamber and frozen at -16°C for 12 h, and then heated to 6°C and maintained for 12 h. This is one freeze-thaw cycle. At the same time, a 100W lamp tube was used to irradiate the specimen during this process. The freeze-thaw cycles were carried out 5 times according to the above method. After completion, the strength of the specimen was tested (recorded as the strength after freeze-thaw cycles). The results are shown in Table 3 below. By comparing the strength before freeze-thaw cycles with the strength of the blank specimen, it can be seen that the spraying material of this embodiment has excellent repair effects. After repair, the flexural strength of the specimen was restored by 98.13%, and the compressive strength was restored by 96.38%. In addition, by comparing the strength before and after freeze-thaw cycles, it can be seen that the spraying material prepared in this embodiment has excellent frost resistance;

[0043] Table 3

[0044] 。

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Preparation of a frost-resistant spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, comprising the following steps:

[0047] (1) Nano-titanium dioxide was mixed with a mixed solution of saturated lime water and ethanol (where the mass fraction of ethanol was 20%) in a ratio of 1 g:35 ml and then ultrasonically dispersed evenly. Then, according to the ratio that the mass fraction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the mixed solution was 1.0%, tetraethyl orthosilicate was added dropwise while ultrasonically oscillating. After completion, ultrasonic oscillation treatment was continued for 30 min. Then, the solid product was separated by centrifugation and freeze-dried to obtain silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles for standby.

[0048] (2) Prepare the following components in proportion: 85 parts by weight of natural rubber latex, 3 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 4 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, 15 parts by weight of the silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles of this embodiment, 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, 10 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 30 parts by weight of water.

[0049] (3) The natural rubber latex, silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles, dimethylacetamide, and titanium carbide nanosheets were mixed and stirred for 3 min to obtain Agent A.

[0050] (4) The water, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and ammonium persulfate were mixed and stirred for 2 min to obtain Agent B. The Agent A and Agent B were mixed evenly to obtain the spraying material, asFigure 2 as shown

[0051] Performance Test:

[0052] 1. Fluidity Test: The viscosity change of the spraying material prepared in this example with time was tested using an Ostwald viscometer. The results are shown in Table 4 below. It can be seen that the viscosity of the spraying material is low in the early stage, so it has good fluidity and is convenient to enter the cracks in the concrete structure for more sufficient filling, especially for the fine micro-cracks with a width less than 1 mm. As time increases, the fluidity of the spraying material decreases rapidly, so as to achieve rapid curing to repair the cracks;

[0053] Table 4

[0054] .

[0055] 2. Chemical Erosion Resistance Test: The spraying material prepared in this example was poured into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm, and the specimen was taken out after 3 days. The specimen was immersed in deionized water, simulated seawater, 6 wt.% NaCl solution, hydrochloric acid with pH = 2, and sodium hydroxide solution with pH = 10 respectively. The specimen was taken out after 30 days, dried in a vacuum drying oven at 45 °C, and then weighed. The results are shown in Table 5 below: It can be seen that the mass of the specimen before and after immersion basically does not change, indicating that the spraying material prepared in this example has excellent chemical erosion resistance;

[0056] Table 5 (unit: g)

[0057] .

[0058] 3. Frost Resistance Test: The spraying material prepared in this example was applied to the fracture surface of the concrete specimen for bonding repair. After 7 days, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the concrete specimen were tested (recorded as the strength before freeze-thaw cycle). Then the specimen was subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (recorded as the strength after freeze-thaw cycle), and the test method was the same as that in Example 1 above. After completion, the flexural strength and compressive strength were tested again. The results are shown in Table 6 below. Comparing the strength before freeze-thaw cycle with the strength of the blank specimen, it can be seen that the spraying material in this example has excellent repair effect. After repair, the flexural strength of the specimen recovered by 97.57%, and the compressive strength recovered by 96.97%. In addition, comparing the strength before and after freeze-thaw cycles, it can be seen that the spraying material prepared in this example has excellent frost resistance;

[0059] Table 6

[0060] .

[0061] Example 3

[0062] Preparation of an anti-freeze spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, comprising the following steps:

[0063] (1) Mix nano-calcium carbonate with a mixed solution of saturated lime water and ethanol (where the mass fraction of ethanol is 30%) in a ratio of 1 g:50 ml, and then ultrasonically disperse it evenly. Then, while ultrasonically oscillating, add tetraethyl orthosilicate according to the mass fraction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the mixed solution being 2%. After completion, continue ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 45 min. Then, centrifuge to separate the solid product, and freeze-dry it to obtain silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles for standby.

[0064] (2) Prepare the following components in proportion: 20 parts by weight of natural rubber latex, 0.1 part by weight of trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate), 0.5 part by weight of azobisisobutyronitrile, 1 part by weight of the silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles of this example, 0.5 part by weight of dimethylacetamide, 2 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 2 parts by weight of water.

[0065] (3) Mix the natural rubber latex, silicon-hydroxylated nanoparticles, dimethylacetamide, and titanium carbide nanosheets and stir for 3 min to obtain Agent A.

[0066] (4) Mix the water, trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate), and azobisisobutyronitrile and stir for 2 min to obtain Agent B. Mix Agent A and Agent B evenly to obtain the spraying material, as Figure 3 shown.

[0067] Performance test:

[0068] 1. Fluidity test: Use an Ostwald viscometer to test the change in viscosity of the spraying material prepared in this example over time. The results are shown in Table 7 below. It can be seen that: the viscosity of the spraying material is low in the early stage, so it has good fluidity and is convenient to enter the cracks in the concrete structure for more sufficient filling, especially for fine micro-cracks with a width less than 1 mm. As time increases, the fluidity of the spraying material rapidly decreases, thereby achieving rapid curing to repair the cracks;

[0069] Table 7

[0070] .

[0071] 2. Chemical erosion resistance test: Pour the spraying material prepared in this example into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm, and take out the specimen after 3 days. Immerse the specimen in deionized water, simulated seawater, 6 wt.% NaCl solution, hydrochloric acid with pH = 2, and sodium hydroxide solution with pH = 10 respectively. Take out the specimen after 30 days, put it into a vacuum drying oven at 45 °C to dry, and then weigh it. The results are shown in Table 8 below: It can be seen that the mass of the specimen before and after immersion basically does not change, indicating that the spraying material prepared in this example has excellent chemical erosion resistance;

[0072] Table 8 (unit: g)

[0073] 。

[0074] 3. Frost resistance test: Apply the spraying material prepared in this example to the fracture surface of the concrete specimen for bonding repair. After 7 days, test the flexural strength and compressive strength of the concrete specimen (recorded as the strength before freeze-thaw cycle). Then, perform freeze-thaw cycles on the specimen (recorded as the strength after freeze-thaw cycle), and the test method is the same as that in Example 1 above. After completion, test the flexural strength and compressive strength again. The results are shown in Table 9 below. Comparing the strength before freeze-thaw cycle with that of the blank specimen, it can be seen that the spraying material in this example has excellent repair effect. After repair, the flexural strength of the specimen is restored by 97.45%, and the compressive strength is restored by 95.09%. In addition, comparing the strength before and after freeze-thaw cycles, it can be seen that the spraying material prepared in this example has excellent frost resistance;

[0075] Table 9

[0076] 。

[0077] Example 4

[0078] Preparation of a frost-resistant spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, comprising the following steps:

[0079] (1) Prepare the following components in proportion: 50 parts by weight of natural rubber latex, 2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 2.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, 10 parts by weight of nano-silica, 1.2 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, 7 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 20 parts by weight of water.

[0080] (2) Mix the natural rubber latex, nano-silica, dimethylacetamide, and titanium carbide nanosheets and stir for 3 min to obtain Agent A.

[0081] (3) Mix the water, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and benzoyl peroxide and stir for 2 min to obtain Agent B. Mix Agent A and Agent B evenly to obtain the spraying material, as Figure 4as shown

[0082] Performance test:

[0083] Freezing resistance performance test: The spraying material prepared in this example was applied to the fracture surface of the concrete specimen for bonding repair, and after 7 days, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the concrete specimen (recorded as the strength after repair) were tested. The results are shown in Table 10 below. It can be seen that the repair ability of the spraying material prepared in this example is significantly lower than that of Example 1;

[0084] Table 10

[0085] .

[0086] Example 5

[0087] Preparation of a freezing-resistant spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, comprising the following steps:

[0088] (1) Prepare the following components in proportion: 85 parts by weight of natural rubber latex, 3 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 4 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, 15 parts by weight of silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles prepared according to the method of Example 2 above, 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, and 30 parts by weight of water.

[0089] (2) Mix the natural rubber latex, silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles, and dimethylacetamide and stir for 3 min to obtain Agent A.

[0090] (3) Mix the water, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and ammonium persulfate and stir for 2 min to obtain Agent B. Mix Agent A and Agent B evenly to obtain the spraying material, as Figure 5 shown

[0091] Performance test:

[0092] 1. Chemical erosion resistance performance test: Pour the spraying material prepared in this example into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm, and take out the specimen after 3 days. Immerse the specimen in deionized water, simulated seawater, 6 wt.% NaCl solution, hydrochloric acid with pH = 2, and sodium hydroxide solution with pH = 10 respectively. Take out the specimen after 30 days, put it into a vacuum drying oven at 45 °C to dry, and then weigh it. The results are shown in Table 11 below: It can be seen that the chemical erosion resistance of the spraying material prepared in this example has decreased significantly compared with Example 2;

[0093] Table 11 (unit: g)

[0094] .

[0095] 2. Frost resistance performance test: The spraying material prepared in this embodiment is applied to the fracture surface of the concrete specimen for bonding repair. After 7 days, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the concrete specimen are tested (recorded as the strength before freeze-thaw cycles). Then, the specimen is subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (recorded as the strength after freeze-thaw cycles), and the testing method is the same as that in Example 1 above. After completion, the flexural strength and compressive strength are tested again. The results are shown in Table 12 below. Comparing the strength before freeze-thaw cycles with the strength of the blank specimen, the ability of the spraying material prepared in this embodiment has significantly decreased compared to Example 2. In addition, by comparing the strength before and after freeze-thaw cycles, it can be seen that the frost resistance performance of the spraying material prepared in this embodiment has also significantly decreased compared to Example 2;

[0096] Table 12

[0097] 。

[0098] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks, characterized in that, It comprises components in the following proportions: 20 - 85 parts by weight of latex solution, 0.1 - 3 parts by weight of crosslinking agent, 0.5 - 4 parts by weight of initiator, 1 - 15 parts by weight of silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles, 0.5 - 1.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide, 2 - 10 parts by weight of titanium carbide nanosheets, and 2 - 30 parts by weight of water; The latex solution includes any one of natural latex, styrene - butadiene latex, nitrile latex, and chloroprene latex; The crosslinking agent includes at least one of N,N’ - methylenebisacrylamide and trimethylolpropane tris(2 - methyl - 1 - aziridinepropionate); 2. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, and persulfate; 3. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydroxylated nanoparticles include at least one of nano - silica, nano - titanium dioxide, and nano - calcium carbonate with silicon hydroxyl groups on the surface; 4. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles are prepared by the following method: placing the nanoparticles in a mixed solution of saturated lime water and ethanol, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate and performing ultrasonic treatment. After completion, the solid product is separated and freeze - dried to obtain the silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles.

5. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ratio of the nanoparticles to the mixed solution is 1 g: 35 - 50 ml.

6. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 4, wherein The mass fraction of ethanol in the mixed solution is 20 - 30%.

7. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass fraction of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the mixed solution is 1 - 2%.

8. The anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The time of ultrasonic treatment is 30 - 45 min.

9. The preparation method of the anti-freezing spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Mix the latex solution, silicon hydroxylated nanoparticles, titanium carbide nanosheets, and dimethylacetamide evenly to obtain Agent A; (2) Mix the water, crosslinking agent, and initiator evenly to obtain Agent B; (3) Before use, mix Agent A and Agent B evenly to obtain the anti - freeze spraying material.

10. The application of the anti - freeze spraying material for repairing concrete cracks according to any one of claims 1 - 8, or the anti - freeze spraying material prepared by the method according to claim 9 in buildings, bridges, roads, or dams.

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