Continuous replacement type pyrolysis equipment and pyrolysis method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conversion equipment and solid resource pyrolysis conversion utilization, and discloses continuous replacement type pyrolysis equipment and a pyrolysis method thereof. The continuous replacement type pyrolysis equipment comprises a feeding system, a microwave generating system is arranged on one side of the feeding system, a carbon residue collecting system is arranged at the bottom of the feeding system, a continuous replacement system is installed in the microwave generating system, and a reaction system is installed in the continuous replacement system. One side, far away from the feeding system, of the reaction system is connected with a product collecting system; through the synergistic effect of microwave pyrolysis and dynamic replacement design, pyrolysis of crushed materials and tar cracking are integrated into a continuous process, efficient energy conversion is achieved, high-added-value products such as liquid fuel / chemicals and pyrolysis carbon residues are finally produced, and reduction, harmlessness and resourceful treatment of solid resources is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy conversion equipment and the pyrolysis conversion and utilization technology of solid resources, and particularly relates to a continuous displacement pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid economic development and the acceleration of the urbanization process, the problem of solid waste treatment has become increasingly prominent and has become an important challenge affecting the ecological environment and sustainable development. Exploring efficient, environmentally friendly solid waste treatment technologies that can achieve resource utilization has become the key breakthrough to solve the current problems.

[0003] Pyrolysis technology has shown significant advantages in the field of solid waste treatment due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and resource characteristics. In particular, microwave pyrolysis technology can efficiently decompose waste in a short time through the rapid heating and selective action of microwave energy, and convert it into high-value products such as combustible gas, liquid fuel / chemicals, and solid carbon, thereby realizing the efficient utilization of resources. However, traditional microwave pyrolysis equipment inevitably produces tar during operation, resulting in the inability to treat tar in-situ online. Improper treatment is also likely to cause secondary pollution, limiting the added value of the products, not only affecting production efficiency but also reducing the output of the products. In addition, most equipment requires a lot of time for maintenance and adjustment, and continuous production cannot be achieved, further affecting production efficiency. Therefore, how to efficiently treat tar and ensure production continuity is particularly important. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a continuous displacement pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method thereof to overcome the problems existing in the prior art. The present invention can integrate the pyrolysis of crushed materials and tar cracking into a continuous process through the synergistic effect of microwave pyrolysis and dynamic displacement design, realize efficient energy conversion, and finally produce high-value products such as liquid fuel / chemicals and pyrolysis residual carbon, promoting the reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization of solid resources.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a continuous displacement pyrolysis device, including a feeding system. One side of the feeding system is provided with a microwave generating system, the bottom of the feeding system is provided with a residual carbon collection system, a continuous displacement system is installed inside the microwave generating system, a reaction system is installed inside the continuous displacement system, and a product collection system is connected to the side of the reaction system away from the feeding system; The microwave generating system includes a microwave box body. A microwave suppression device is installed on the side of the microwave box body, and a microwave feeder is installed on the top of the microwave box body; The continuous replacement system includes a pulley device and a replacement sleeve installed inside the microwave box body, and the replacement sleeve is installed on top of the pulley device; The reaction system includes a pyrolysis reactor, a tar purification and cracking device, and a gas supply pipeline installed inside the replacement sleeve. The gas supply pipeline is sequentially connected to the pyrolysis reactor and the tar purification and cracking device to the product collection system; When in the primary pyrolysis state, the pyrolysis reactor is located inside the microwave box body; When in the secondary tar cracking state, the tar purification and cracking device is located inside the microwave box body. The top of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the feeding system, and the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the residual carbon collection system; Further, the feeding system includes a belt feeding device. A silo is installed at the outlet end of the belt feeding device. A silo support is installed on one side of the silo, and a rotary air lock is installed at the bottom of the silo; The residual carbon collection system includes a carbon collection box installed at the bottom of the silo, and an air cooling system is arranged on one side of the carbon collection box away from the microwave box body; When in the secondary tar cracking state, the top of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the outlet end of the silo, and the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet end of the carbon collection box; Further, the product collection system includes a condenser connected to the tar purification and cracking device through a gas supply pipeline. The lower outlet of the condenser is respectively connected to a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank through a primary pyrolysis oil valve and a secondary pyrolysis oil valve, and the upper outlet of the condenser is connected to the outside through a gas supply pipeline.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a continuous replacement pyrolysis method. Based on the above continuous replacement pyrolysis equipment, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Add silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite materials to the tar purification and cracking device, then adjust to the secondary tar cracking state through the continuous replacement system, and then introduce a carrier gas through the gas supply pipeline and turn on the condenser; Step 2: Load the crushed material into the pyrolysis reactor through the feeding system, then adjust to the primary pyrolysis state through the continuous replacement system, perform primary pyrolysis through the microwave suppression device and the microwave feeder to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis residual carbon, and store the primary pyrolysis oil through the product collection system; Step 3: Adjust the tar purification and cracking device filled with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite materials to the secondary tar cracking state through the continuous replacement system and perform secondary tar cracking. Collect the pyrolysis residual carbon through the residual carbon collection system. Wait until the secondary tar cracking is completed to obtain secondary pyrolysis oil, and store the secondary pyrolysis oil through the product collection system; Step 4: When the pre-set production demand output is not met, execute Step 2 again; when the pre-set production demand output is met, execute Step 5; Step Five: Turn off the microwave suppression device and the microwave feeder. When the temperature of the tar purification and pyrolysis device ≤ 200 °C, stop introducing the carrier gas, turn off the product collection system, and complete the continuous displacement pyrolysis; Furthermore, the product collection system includes a condenser connected to the tar purification and pyrolysis device through a gas supply pipeline. The lower outlet of the condenser is respectively connected to a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank through a primary pyrolysis oil valve and a secondary pyrolysis oil valve; The specific content of Step One includes: Add the silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the tar purification and pyrolysis device. Move the tar purification and pyrolysis device equipped with the silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the microwave cavity through the pulley device in cooperation with the replacement sleeve. Then, introduce the carrier gas through the gas supply pipeline and turn on the condenser; Furthermore, the particle size of the crushed material is 0.5 - 15 mm; the carrier gas flow rate corresponding to each gram of the crushed material is 5 - 40 mL / min, and the mass of the silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material corresponding to each 1 mL / min of the carrier gas flow rate is 0.2 - 0.5 g; the crushed material is a mixture of one or more of agricultural and forestry biomass, coal, oil shale, and waste plastics; the mass ratio of the silicon carbide foam to the high-entropy oxide composite material is 1:(0.1–0.2); the high-entropy oxide includes any 5 elements among Co, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pt, Pd, and Sn; the carrier gas is nitrogen, argon, or the non-condensable gas discharged from the upper outlet of the condenser through the gas supply pipeline; turn on the condenser and control the temperature at 0 °C - 5 °C; Furthermore, the feeding system includes a belt feeding device. A bin is installed at the outlet end of the belt feeding device, and a rotary air lock is installed at the bottom of the bin; The specific content of Step Two includes: Transport the crushed material to the bin through the belt feeding device, load the crushed material into the pyrolysis reactor through the rotary air lock, then move the pyrolysis reactor loaded with the crushed material into the microwave cavity through the pulley device in cooperation with the replacement sleeve. Open the primary pyrolysis oil valve, close the secondary pyrolysis oil valve, and perform primary pyrolysis through the microwave suppression device and the microwave feeder to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis char. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank through the gas supply pipeline; Furthermore, the microwave frequency of the primary pyrolysis is 2.45 GHz, the microwave power is 600 - 2000 W, the pyrolysis temperature is 400 °C - 700 °C, and the pyrolysis time is 5 - 20 min; Furthermore, the char collection system includes a char collection box installed at the bottom of the bin, and an air cooling system is arranged on one side of the char collection box away from the microwave cavity; The specific content of Step Three includes: Close the primary pyrolysis oil valve, open the secondary pyrolysis oil valve and the air-cooling system. Move the tar purification and cracking device containing silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the microwave chamber through the pulley device in cooperation with the replacement sleeve for secondary tar cracking. When the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor ≤ 200 °C, transfer the pyrolysis carbon residue from the pyrolysis reactor to the carbon collection tank. After the secondary tar cracking is completed, obtain the secondary pyrolysis oil, and store the secondary pyrolysis oil in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank through the air supply pipeline; Further, the microwave frequency of the secondary tar cracking is 2.45 GHz, the microwave power is 2500 - 5000 W, the cracking temperature is 800 °C - 1500 °C, and the cracking time is 5 - 10 min.

[0007] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: Firstly, the present invention provides a continuous replacement pyrolysis device. The microwave generation system is provided with a microwave suppression device, which can effectively reduce microwave leakage, improve the utilization efficiency of microwaves, make the microwave energy act more concentratedly on the pyrolysis reaction area, and enhance the pyrolysis effect; by integrating the pyrolysis reactor and the tar purification and cracking device into a rigid whole through the continuous replacement system and the reaction system, the reaction system and the material collection system can move horizontally in the device, realizing an efficient switch between the primary pyrolysis state and the secondary tar cracking state. Through the dual-state switching mechanism, continuous replacement production is well achieved, and continuous replacement treatment of material pyrolysis and tar cracking is realized; the pyrolysis reactor and the tar purification and cracking device undertake specific functions in different stages, which not only significantly improves the production efficiency and shortens the processing time of unit materials, but also solves the problem of pipeline blockage caused by tar deposition in traditional pyrolysis devices. In addition, it effectively avoids the corrosion of the device by acidic substances in the tar, extends the service life of the device, and reduces the maintenance and replacement costs caused by device damage; the cracking treatment of tar also increases the yield of pyrolysis products. It not only converts tar into utilizable secondary pyrolysis oil, improves the energy utilization rate, but also reduces the product loss caused by tar deposition in traditional devices, further optimizing the overall economic benefits of the pyrolysis process.

[0008] Further, adopting a belt feeding device can realize continuous and uniform feeding of materials, ensure the continuous and stable operation of the pyrolysis device, avoid fluctuations in the pyrolysis process caused by discontinuous feeding, and improve the consistency of production efficiency and product quality; the silo support provides stable support for the silo, ensuring that the silo will not shake or tilt during loading and operation, guaranteeing the structural stability and reliability of the feeding system, and being conducive to the long-term stable operation of the device; the air lock is used to accurately control continuous quantitative feeding and can effectively prevent external air from entering the reaction system.

[0009] Furthermore, the gas generated by the tar purification and pyrolysis device is condensed by a condenser, achieving efficient gas-liquid separation. The pyrolysis oil generated during the pyrolysis process is condensed and collected in liquid form, while the non-condensable gas is discharged through the upper outlet of the condenser. This separation method is simple and effective, ensuring clear classification and collection of the products. A primary pyrolysis oil valve and a secondary pyrolysis oil valve are set up and connected to a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank respectively, so that the primary pyrolysis oil and the secondary pyrolysis oil can be accurately collected and stored according to different stages of the pyrolysis process or the properties of the products, which helps to classify and manage different-quality pyrolysis oils and their subsequent utilization, increasing the added value of the products. The product collection system tightly connects each component through a gas supply pipeline, reducing the possibility of gas leakage and ensuring the tightness of the system. The condensed non-condensable gas is connected to the outside through a gas supply pipeline, facilitating further treatment or discharge of these gases.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a continuous replacement pyrolysis method. The reaction system is translated to the primary pyrolysis state through a pulley device, carrier gas is introduced, and the microwave generation system is turned on for primary pyrolysis, so that the primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank. The moderate temperature and power settings at this stage can efficiently decompose solid materials to generate pyrolysis gas, tar and pyrolysis char, while avoiding over-pyrolysis or coking, ensuring the yield and quality of the primary pyrolysis oil. After the primary pyrolysis is completed, the equipment is converted to the secondary tar pyrolysis state, the microwave power is increased, and the tar purification and pyrolysis device is heated to a higher temperature. The high temperature and high power at this stage are mainly set by analyzing the characteristics of the tar. In the primary pyrolysis state, the pyrolysis reactor performs the pyrolysis function, decomposing the material into pyrolysis gas, tar and pyrolysis char, while the tar purification and pyrolysis device is responsible for adsorbing the tar to prevent it from entering the subsequent pipeline system. In the secondary tar pyrolysis state, the tar purification and pyrolysis device switches to the tar pyrolysis function, further pyrolyzing the adsorbed tar into secondary pyrolysis oil. At the same time, the pyrolysis reactor works in coordination with the feeding system and the char collection system to complete the transfer of pyrolysis char and the loading of new materials, preparing for the next pyrolysis cycle. The method of the present invention aims to more fully pyrolyze the adsorbed tar into secondary pyrolysis oil, significantly reducing tar residue, avoiding its deposition in pipelines and equipment, while increasing the overall yield and quality of pyrolysis products. Through high-temperature pyrolysis, complex organic substances in the tar can be effectively decomposed, harmful substance emissions can be reduced, the cleanliness and utilization value of the products can be improved. Through the setting of power and temperature in stages, not only efficient pyrolysis of materials and complete pyrolysis of tar are achieved, but also equipment blockage and corrosion are avoided, the service life of the equipment is extended, the maintenance cost is reduced, while the product yield and energy utilization rate are increased. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the primary pyrolysis state of a continuous replacement pyrolysis device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary tar cracking state of a continuous displacement pyrolysis device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic process diagram of a continuous displacement pyrolysis method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the primary pyrolysis oil obtained in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the secondary pyrolysis oil obtained in Example 2 of the present invention; In the figure, 1 - belt feeding device; 2 - bin support; 3 - air lock; 4 - bin; 5 - microwave suppression device; 6 - microwave box; 7 - microwave feeder; 8 - pyrolysis reactor; 9 - tar purification and cracking device; 10 - condenser; 11 - primary pyrolysis oil storage tank; 12 - primary pyrolysis oil valve; 13 - secondary pyrolysis oil valve; 14 - secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank; 15 - replacement sleeve; 16 - pulley device; 17 - air supply pipeline; 18 - carbon collection box; 19 - air cooling system. Detailed implementation manners

[0012] The following further elaborates on the present invention with specific embodiments, which are explanations rather than limitations of the present invention. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0013] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such used data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those clearly listed steps or units, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0014] Example 1: The present invention provides a continuous displacement pyrolysis device, which includes a feeding system, a microwave generation system, a residual carbon collection system, a continuous displacement system, a reaction system and a product collection system; the feeding system includes a belt feeding device 1, a bin support 2, an air lock 3 and a bin 4; the microwave generation system includes a microwave suppression device 5, a microwave box 6 and a microwave feeder 7; the residual carbon collection system includes a carbon collection box 18 and an air cooling system 19; the continuous displacement system includes a displacement sleeve 15 and a pulley device 16; the reaction system includes a pyrolysis reactor 8 and a tar purification and cracking device 9; the product collection system includes a condenser 10, a primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, a secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13, a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14; The microwave generation system is arranged on one side of the feeding system, the residual carbon collection system is arranged at the bottom of the feeding system, the continuous displacement system is installed inside the microwave generation system, the reaction system is installed inside the continuous displacement system, and the product collection system is connected to the side of the reaction system far from the feeding system; the outlet end of the belt feeding device 1 is installed with the bin 4, the bin support 2 is installed on one side of the bin 4, the air lock 3 is installed at the bottom of the bin 4, and the air lock 3 is used to accurately control continuous quantitative feeding and effectively prevent external air from entering the reaction system. The carbon collection box 18 is installed at the bottom of the bin 4, and the air cooling system 19 is arranged on the side of the carbon collection box 18 far from the microwave box 6. The air cooling system 19 is used to quickly cool the pyrolysis reactor 8 to ensure the safe collection and subsequent treatment of pyrolysis residual carbon. The microwave suppression device 5 is installed on the side of the microwave box 6, and the microwave feeder 7 is installed on the top of the microwave box 6 to provide microwave energy. The pulley device 16 and the displacement sleeve 15 are installed inside the microwave box 6, and the displacement sleeve 15 is located on the top of the pulley device 16. The pyrolysis reactor 8, the tar purification and cracking device 9 and the gas supply pipeline 17 are installed inside the displacement sleeve 15 to form a rigid integral structure. The gas supply pipeline 17 is sequentially connected to the pyrolysis reactor 8 and the tar purification and cracking device 9 to the condenser 10. The inlet of the pyrolysis reactor 8 is used to introduce carrier gas, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the tar purification and cracking device 9. The outlet of the tar purification and cracking device 9 is connected to the condenser 10. The lower end outlet of the condenser 10 is respectively connected to the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 and the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 through the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 and the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13. The upper end outlet of the condenser 10 is connected to the outside through the gas supply pipeline 17 for discharging non-condensable gases; the overall movement of the displacement sleeve 15 and its internal structure can be realized through the pulley device 16. See Figure 1 , when in the primary pyrolysis state, the displacement sleeve 15 moves integrally by using the pulley device 16, driving the pyrolysis reactor 8 and the tar purification and cracking device 9 to move, so that the pyrolysis reactor 8 is located inside the microwave box 6. See Figure 2, when in the state of secondary tar pyrolysis, the replacement sleeve 15 moves integrally by means of the pulley device 16, driving the pyrolysis reactor 8 and the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 to move, so that the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 is located inside the microwave box body 6. The lower end of the silo 4 is connected to the pyrolysis reactor 8 to form a tight closed structure, that is, the outlet end of the silo 4 is connected to the top of the pyrolysis reactor 8, and the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor 8 is connected to the inlet end of the carbon collection box 18; Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor 8 is made of recrystallized silicon carbide material, having excellent thermal stability and microwave absorption performance; Preferably, the replacement sleeve 15 is made of heat-resistant ceramic material; Preferably, the pulley device 16 is composed of ceramic wheels.

[0015] The reaction system of a continuous replacement pyrolysis device proposed by the present invention consists of two stages of material pyrolysis and tar pyrolysis treatment, including a pyrolysis reactor 8 and a tar purification and pyrolysis device 9; the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 uses a silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material as the core capture medium. The silicon carbide foam has a high specific surface area and a rich pore structure, and can efficiently adsorb the tar generated during the microwave pyrolysis process. At the same time, both the silicon carbide foam and the high-entropy oxide composite material have a high dielectric loss tangent, can efficiently absorb microwaves and convert them into heat. At the same time, the high-entropy oxide composite material, relying on its high oxygen migration rate, rich oxygen vacancies and the efficient dispersion characteristics of metal elements, can significantly promote the rapid pyrolysis of tar when the device is in the secondary pyrolysis state, and maintain good catalyst stability and anti-coking property under the conditions of 2500-5000 W microwave power and 800-1500 °C high temperature. The synergistic effect of this silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material not only improves the adsorption efficiency of tar, but also accelerates the pyrolysis reaction of tar to generate secondary pyrolysis oil, thus realizing the efficient purification and resource utilization of tar.

[0016] The product collection system of a continuous displacement pyrolysis device proposed in the present invention consists of two-stage collection of primary pyrolysis oil storage and secondary pyrolysis oil storage. When the device is in the primary pyrolysis state, the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 is opened and the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 is closed, so that the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 can function to collect the primary pyrolysis oil produced by material pyrolysis; when the device is switched to the secondary tar cracking state, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 is opened and the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 is closed, so that the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 can function to collect the secondary pyrolysis oil produced by tar cracking. After the production is completed, the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 stores the primary pyrolysis oil produced by material pyrolysis, and the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 stores the secondary pyrolysis oil produced by tar cracking. Storing the two oils separately can not only effectively distinguish the differences in composition and properties between the material pyrolysis oil and the tar cracking pyrolysis oil, which is convenient for subsequent classification and refined processing, but also avoid the separation problem caused by the mixing of the two oils, ensuring that each oil can play its maximum value. The primary pyrolysis oil obtained by the present invention mainly comes from the pyrolysis of light components in the material, and has the characteristics of rich organic chemical species, low viscosity and easy processing, etc. The secondary pyrolysis oil mainly comes from tar cracking, and has the characteristics of extremely low water content, high viscosity, high calorific value and rich in high-value chemicals, etc. In addition, this design also facilitates process optimization and data analysis, helps to further improve production efficiency and product quality, thereby comprehensively improving the economy and practicality of the system.

[0017] Embodiment 2: See also Figure 3 The present invention provides a continuous displacement pyrolysis method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: add 1 kg of silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material to the tar purification cracking device 9, wherein the mass ratio of silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material is 1:0.15, and the high entropy oxide is composed of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Pt in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1; the tar purification cracking device 9 containing silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material is horizontally translated into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 and the replacement sleeve 15; nitrogen with a flow rate of 5 L / min is introduced through the air supply pipe 17 and the condenser 10 is turned on, the temperature is controlled to 0°C, and the mass of silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material corresponding to each 1 mL / min nitrogen flow rate is 0.2 g; Step 2: Crush 3 kg of larch to a particle size of 0.5 - 5 mm to obtain crushed material. Take 1 kg of larch and convey it to the silo 4 through the belt feeding device 1. Continuously and stably load 1 kg of larch into the pyrolysis reactor 8 through the air lock 3. Horizontally translate the pyrolysis reactor 8 filled with crushed material into the microwave chamber 6 by means of the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15. Then open the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 and close the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13. Carry out primary pyrolysis for 20 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 600 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C through the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7 to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis char. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 through the gas supply pipe 17; Step 3: Close the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, open the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air cooling system 19. Horizontally translate the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 equipped with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite into the microwave chamber 6 by means of the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15. Carry out secondary tar pyrolysis for 10 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 2500 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C. Under the action of the air cooling system 19, when the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 8 ≤ 200 °C, transfer the pyrolysis char from the pyrolysis reactor 8 to the carbon collection box 18. After the secondary tar pyrolysis is completed, obtain secondary pyrolysis oil. The secondary pyrolysis oil is stored in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 through the gas supply pipe 17; Step 4: When the pre-set processing output of 3 kg of larch is not up to the standard, execute Step 2 again to achieve continuous replacement production; when the pre-set processing output of 3 kg of larch is up to the standard, execute Step 5; Step 5: Turn off the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7. When the temperature of the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 ≤ 200 °C, stop introducing nitrogen, and turn off the condenser 10, the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air cooling system 19. The equipment is finally turned off or in a standby state for secondary tar pyrolysis, completing continuous replacement pyrolysis.

[0018] See Figure 4 and Figure 5, after pyrolysis, the yield of total pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) is 78.3%. Among them, the yield of primary pyrolysis oil is 61.5%, and the yield of secondary pyrolysis oil is 16.8%; the primary pyrolysis oil is a brownish liquid with a density of 1.13 g / cm³, a moisture content of 20.7%, a pH value of 2.5, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 26.5 MJ / kg. Its chemical components include phenols (28.6%), aldehydes and ketones (20.1%), carboxylic acids and esters (20.7%), aromatic hydrocarbons (6.4%), and other compounds (26.2%); the secondary pyrolysis oil is a brown liquid with a density of 1.34 g / cm³, a moisture content of 6%, a pH value of 4.6, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 35.7 MJ / kg. Its chemical components include phenols (40.8%), aromatic hydrocarbons (15.8%), hydrocarbons (10.2%), aldehydes and ketones (10.1%), and other compounds (23.1%); the yield of pyrolysis char (biochar) is 15.7%, the carbon content is 75.2%, and the BET specific surface area is 196 m² / g.

[0019] Example 3: See Figure 3 , the present invention provides a continuous displacement pyrolysis method, which includes the following steps: Step 1, add 20 kg of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material to the tar purification and cracking device 9. Among them, the mass ratio of silicon carbide foam to high-entropy oxide composite material is 1:0.2, and the high-entropy oxide is composed of Co, Mn, Sn, Ni, and Pd in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. The tar purification and cracking device 9 filled with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material is horizontally translated into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 and the displacement sleeve 15; argon with a flow rate of 40 L / min is introduced through the air supply pipe 17 and the condenser 10 is turned on, and the temperature is controlled at 5 °C. The mass of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material corresponding to each 1 mL / min of argon flow is 0.5 g; Step 2, crush 10 kg of coal to a particle size of 10-15 mm to obtain crushed material. Take 1 kg of coal and transport it to the silo 4 through the belt feeding device 1. Continuously and stably load 1 kg of coal into the pyrolysis reactor 8 through the air lock 3. The pyrolysis reactor 8 filled with crushed material is horizontally translated into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 and the displacement sleeve 15. Then open the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 and close the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13. Perform primary pyrolysis for 5 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 2000 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C through the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7 to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis char. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 through the air supply pipe 17; Step 3: Close the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, open the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air-cooling system 19. Translate the tar purification and cracking device 9 filled with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material horizontally into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15, and perform secondary tar cracking for 5 minutes at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 5000 W, and a cracking temperature of 1500 °C. Under the action of the air-cooling system 19, when the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 8 ≤ 200 °C, transfer the pyrolysis residual carbon from the pyrolysis reactor 8 to the carbon collection box 18. After the secondary tar cracking is completed, obtain secondary pyrolysis oil, and store the secondary pyrolysis oil in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 through the gas supply pipeline 17; Step 4: When the preset coal treatment output of 10 kg is not reached, execute Step 2 again to achieve continuous replacement production; when the preset coal treatment output of 10 kg is reached, execute Step 5; Step 5: Turn off the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7. When the temperature of the tar purification and cracking device 9 ≤ 200 °C, stop introducing argon, and turn off the condenser 10, the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air-cooling system 19. The equipment is finally shut down or in a standby state for secondary tar cracking, completing continuous replacement pyrolysis.

[0020] After pyrolysis, the yield of total pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) is 83.4%, among which the yield of primary pyrolysis oil is 45.1% and the yield of secondary pyrolysis oil is 38.3%; the primary pyrolysis oil is a dark brown liquid, with a density of 1.25 g / cm³, a moisture content of 14.8%, a pH value of 2.8, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 32.4 MJ / kg. Its chemical composition includes aromatic hydrocarbons (18.5%), phenols (12.3%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (15.6%), oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds (22.4%) and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds (31.2%); the secondary pyrolysis oil is a black liquid, with a density of 1.45 g / cm³, a moisture content of 1.2%, a pH value of 4.9, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 40.3 MJ / kg. Its chemical composition includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (38.7%), alkylbenzenes (24.5%), pyroligneous acids (9.8%), quinoline compounds (12.1%) and other compounds (14.9%); the yield of pyrolysis residual carbon (biochar) is 11.6%, the carbon content is 90.8%, and the BET specific surface area is 168 m² / g.

[0021] Example 4: See Figure 3 , the present invention provides a continuous replacement pyrolysis method, including the following steps: Step 1: Add 12 kg of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material to the tar purification and cracking device 9, where the mass ratio of silicon carbide foam to high-entropy oxide composite material is 1:0.1. The high-entropy oxide is composed of Mn, Ni, Pt, Pd, and Sn in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. Horizontally translate the tar purification and cracking device 9 filled with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15; introduce non-condensable gas discharged from the upper outlet of the condenser 10 in this equipment through the air supply pipe 17 at a flow rate of 30 L / min. Turn on the condenser 10 and control the temperature at 3 °C. The mass of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material corresponding to the flow rate of non-condensable gas discharged from the upper outlet of the condenser 10 in this equipment through the air supply pipe per 1 mL / min is 0.4 g; Step 2: Crush the mixture of 3 kg of oil shale and 3 kg of waste plastics to a particle size of 10 - 15 mm to obtain crushed material. Take 0.5 kg of the mixture of oil shale and 0.5 kg of waste plastics and convey it to the silo 4 through the belt feeding device 1. Continuously and stably load 0.5 kg of the mixture of oil shale and 0.5 kg of waste plastics into the pyrolysis reactor 8 through the air lock 3. Horizontally translate the pyrolysis reactor 8 filled with crushed material into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15. Then open the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12 and close the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13. Perform primary pyrolysis for 10 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 1500 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C through the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7 to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and solid products. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 through the air supply pipe 17; Step 3: Close the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, open the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air cooling system 19. Horizontally translate the tar purification and cracking device 9 filled with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15. Perform secondary tar cracking for 7 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 4000 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 1250 °C. Under the action of the air cooling system 19, when the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 8 ≤ 200 °C, transfer the pyrolysis char from the pyrolysis reactor 8 to the char collection box 18. After the secondary tar cracking is completed, obtain secondary pyrolysis oil. The secondary pyrolysis oil is stored in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 through the air supply pipe 17; Step 4: When the processing output of the pre-set mixture of 3 kg of oil shale and 3 kg of waste plastics fails to meet the standard, execute Step 2 again to achieve continuous replacement production; when the processing output of the pre-set mixture of 3 kg of oil shale and 3 kg of waste plastics meets the standard, execute Step 5; Step 5: Turn off the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7. When the temperature of the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 ≤ 200 °C, stop introducing the non-condensable gas discharged from the upper outlet of the condenser 10 in this equipment through the air supply pipeline, and turn off the condenser 10, the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13, and the air-cooling system 19. The equipment is finally shut down or in a standby state for secondary tar pyrolysis, completing continuous displacement pyrolysis.

[0022] After pyrolysis, the yield of total pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) is 72.9%, among which the yield of primary pyrolysis oil is 44.7% and the yield of secondary pyrolysis oil is 28.2%; the primary pyrolysis oil is a dark brown liquid with a density of 1.18 g / cm³, a moisture content of 12.3%, a pH value of 3.1, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 25.6 MJ / kg. Its chemical components include aliphatic hydrocarbons (34.8%), olefins (18.2%), phenols (10.5%), chlorine-containing compounds (9.7%), esters (8.9%), and other compounds (17.9%); the secondary pyrolysis oil is a brownish-black liquid with a density of 1.38 g / cm³, a moisture content of 3.8%, a pH value of 5.3, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 32.4 MJ / kg. Its chemical components include polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (41.3%), branched alkylbenzenes (22.6%), chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (8.4%), metal-organic complexes (6.9%), and other compounds (20.8%); the yield of solid products is 21.5%, including oil shale ash (62.3%) and pyrolysis char (biochar, 37.7%). The mixed carbon content is 68.4%, and the BET specific surface area is 143 m² / g.

[0023] Example 5: See Figure 3 , the present invention provides a continuous displacement pyrolysis method, including the following steps: Step 1: Add 6 kg of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material to the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9, where the mass ratio of silicon carbide foam to high-entropy oxide composite material is 1:0.15. The high-entropy oxide is composed of Co, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. Horizontally translate the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 equipped with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the displacement sleeve 15; introduce nitrogen with a flow rate of 15 L / min through the air supply pipeline 17 and turn on the condenser 10, controlling the temperature at 2 °C. The mass of silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite material corresponding to each 1 mL / min of nitrogen flow is 0.3 g; Step 2: Crush the mixture of 3 kg of coal and 3 kg of waste plastics to a particle size of 10 - 15 mm to obtain crushed materials. Take 0.5 kg of the mixture of coal and 0.5 kg of waste plastics and convey it to the silo 4 through the belt feeding device 1. Continuously and stably load 0.5 kg of the mixture of coal and 0.5 kg of waste plastics into the pyrolysis reactor 8 through the air lock 3. Horizontally translate the pyrolysis reactor 8 filled with crushed materials into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15. Then open the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, close the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13, and perform primary pyrolysis for 15 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 1000 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C through the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7 to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis char. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank 11 through the gas supply pipe 17; Step 3: Close the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, open the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air cooling system 19. Horizontally translate the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 equipped with silicon carbide foam and high-entropy oxide composite materials into the microwave box 6 through the pulley device 16 in cooperation with the replacement sleeve 15, and perform secondary tar pyrolysis for 8 min at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, a microwave power of 3000 W, and a pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C. Under the action of the air cooling system 19, when the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 8 ≤ 200 °C, transfer the pyrolysis char from the pyrolysis reactor 8 to the charcoal collection box 18. After the secondary tar pyrolysis is completed, obtain secondary pyrolysis oil, and the secondary pyrolysis oil is stored in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank 14 through the gas supply pipe 17; Step 4: When the processing output of the mixture of 3 kg of coal and 3 kg of waste plastics preset does not meet the standard, execute Step 2 again to achieve continuous replacement production; when the processing output of the mixture of 3 kg of coal and 3 kg of waste plastics preset meets the standard, execute Step 5; Step 5: Turn off the microwave suppression device 5 and the microwave feeder 7. When the temperature of the tar purification and pyrolysis device 9 ≤ 200 °C, stop introducing nitrogen, and turn off the condenser 10, the primary pyrolysis oil valve 12, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve 13 and the air cooling system 19. The equipment is finally turned off or in a standby state for secondary tar pyrolysis, completing continuous replacement pyrolysis.

[0024] After pyrolysis, the yield of total pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) was 87.8%, among which the yield of primary pyrolysis oil was 48.4% and that of secondary pyrolysis oil was 39.4%; the primary pyrolysis oil was a dark brown liquid with a density of 1.22 g / cm³, a water content of 9.6%, a pH value of 2.9, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 33.8 MJ / kg. Its chemical components included monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene / xylene (24.7%), straight-chain alkanes (19.2%), chlorinated hydrocarbons (12.5%), phenols (11.8%), styrene derivatives (9.3%), and other compounds (22.5%); the secondary pyrolysis oil was a brownish-black liquid with a density of 1.42 g / cm³, a water content of 2.3%, a pH value of 5.1, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 40.7 MJ / kg. Its chemical components included naphthalene-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (36.4%), acenaphthylene / fluorene-based tricyclic structures (18.9%), chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (7.2%), coal coke microcrystal precursors (14.3%), and other compounds (23.2%); the yield of pyrolysis char was 28.3%, the carbon content was 87.5%, and the BET specific surface area was 182 m² / g.

[0025] A continuous replacement pyrolysis method proposed by the present invention integrates a pyrolysis reactor 8 and a tar purification and cracking device 9 into a rigid whole, and uses a pulley device 16 in a continuous replacement system to achieve an efficient switch between the primary pyrolysis state and the secondary tar cracking state, realizing the continuous replacement treatment of material pyrolysis and tar cracking. In the primary pyrolysis state, the pyrolysis reactor 8 efficiently decomposes and pulverizes materials under the conditions of a microwave power of 600 - 2000 W and a temperature of 400 - 700 °C to generate pyrolysis gas and tar, and at the same time the tar purification and cracking device 9 adsorbs the tar; in the secondary tar cracking state, the tar purification and cracking device 9 fully cracks the adsorbed tar into secondary pyrolysis oil under the conditions of a microwave power of 2500 - 5000 W and a temperature of 800 - 1500 °C; the moderate temperature and power settings in the steps can efficiently decompose solid materials to generate pyrolysis gas, tar, and pyrolysis char, and at the same time can avoid over-cracking or coking, ensuring the yield and quality of the primary pyrolysis oil. After the primary pyrolysis is completed, the equipment is converted to the secondary tar cracking state; this method solves the problems of pipeline blockage, equipment corrosion, and product loss caused by tar deposition in traditional pyrolysis equipment. At the same time, continuous production is realized through replacement, further improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis products, extending the service life of the equipment, reducing the maintenance cost, and significantly enhancing the economy and environmental protection of the pyrolysis process.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous displacement pyrolysis device, characterized in that: It includes a feeding system, a microwave generating system is arranged on one side of the feeding system, a residual carbon collecting system is arranged at the bottom of the feeding system, a continuous replacement system is installed inside the microwave generating system, a reaction system is installed inside the continuous replacement system, and a product collecting system is connected to the side of the reaction system away from the feeding system; The microwave generating system comprises a microwave box (6), a microwave suppression device (5) is installed on the side of the microwave box (6), and a microwave feeder (7) is installed on the top of the microwave box (6); The continuous replacement system comprises a pulley device (16) and a replacement sleeve (15) installed inside the microwave box (6), wherein the replacement sleeve (15) is installed on the top of the pulley device (16); The reaction system comprises a pyrolysis reactor (8), a tar purification cracking device (9) and an air supply pipeline (17) installed inside a replacement sleeve (15), wherein the air supply pipeline (17) sequentially connects the pyrolysis reactor (8) and the tar purification cracking device (9) to a product collection system; When in the primary pyrolysis state, the pyrolysis reactor (8) is located inside the microwave box (6); When in the secondary tar cracking state, the tar purification cracking device (9) is located inside the microwave box (6), the top of the pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to the feeding system, and the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to the residual carbon collection system.

2. A continuous displacement pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding system comprises a belt feeding device (1), a silo (4) is installed at the outlet end of the belt feeding device (1), a silo support (2) is installed on one side of the silo (4), and a blower (3) is installed at the bottom of the silo (4); The residual carbon collection system comprises a carbon collection box (18) installed at the bottom of the silo (4), and an air cooling system (19) is provided on a side of the carbon collection box (18) away from the microwave box (6); When in the secondary tar cracking state, the top of the pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to the outlet end of the silo (4), and the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor (8) is connected to the inlet end of the charcoal collecting box (18).

3. A continuous displacement pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The product collection system comprises a condenser (10) connected to the tar purification cracking device (9) via an air supply pipeline (17); a lower end outlet of the condenser (10) is connected to a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank (11) and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank (14) via a primary pyrolysis oil valve (12) and a secondary pyrolysis oil valve (13), respectively; and an upper end outlet of the condenser (10) is connected to the outside via an air supply pipeline (17).

4. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method, based on the continuous displacement pyrolysis equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, adding silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite materials into a tar purification cracking device (9), adjusting to a secondary tar cracking state through a continuous displacement system, then introducing a carrier gas through a gas supply pipe (17) and opening a condenser (10); S2, loading the crushed material into the pyrolysis reactor (8) through the feeding system, then adjusting it to a primary pyrolysis state through the continuous replacement system, performing primary pyrolysis through the microwave suppression device (5) and the microwave feeder (7), obtaining primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis residual carbon, and storing the primary pyrolysis oil through the product collection system; S3, adjusting the tar purification cracking device (9) equipped with silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material to a secondary tar cracking state through a continuous replacement system and performing secondary tar cracking, collecting pyrolysis carbon residue through a carbon residue collection system, and obtaining secondary pyrolysis oil after the secondary tar cracking is completed, and storing the secondary pyrolysis oil through a product collection system; S4, when the preset production demand output does not meet the standard, execute S2 again; when the preset production demand output meets the standard, execute S5; S5, turn off the microwave suppression device (5) and the microwave feeder (7), and when the temperature of the tar purification cracking device (9) is ≤200°C, stop introducing the carrier gas, turn off the product collection system, and complete the continuous displacement pyrolysis.

5. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The product collection system comprises a condenser (10) connected to the tar purification cracking device (9) via an air supply pipeline (17); a lower end outlet of the condenser (10) is connected to a primary pyrolysis oil storage tank (11) and a secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank (14) via a primary pyrolysis oil valve (12) and a secondary pyrolysis oil valve (13), respectively; The S1 specifically includes: The silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material are added to the tar purification cracking device (9), and the tar purification cracking device (9) containing the silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material is moved into the microwave box (6) through the pulley device (16) in conjunction with the replacement sleeve (15), and then the carrier gas is introduced through the air supply pipe (17) and the condenser (10) is turned on.

6. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the pulverized material is 0.5-15 mm; the carrier gas flow rate corresponding to each gram of pulverized material is 5-40 mL / min, and the mass of the silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material corresponding to each 1 mL / min carrier gas flow rate is 0.2-0.5 g; the pulverized material is a mixture of one or more of agricultural and forestry biomass, coal, oil shale, and waste plastics; the mass ratio of the silicon carbide foam and the high entropy oxide composite material is 1:(0.1-0.2); the high entropy oxide includes any five elements of Co, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pt, Pd, and Sn; the carrier gas is nitrogen, argon, or a non-condensable gas discharged from the upper end outlet of the condenser (10) through the gas supply pipe (17); the condenser (10) is turned on to control the temperature to 0°C-5°C.

7. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding system comprises a belt feeding device (1), a material bin (4) is installed at the outlet end of the belt feeding device (1), and a blower (3) is installed at the bottom of the material bin (4); The S2 specifically includes: The crushed material is conveyed to the silo (4) through the belt feeding device (1), and the crushed material is loaded into the pyrolysis reactor (8) through the air shutoff device (3). Then, the pyrolysis reactor (8) loaded with the crushed material is moved into the microwave box (6) through the pulley device (16) in cooperation with the replacement sleeve (15), the primary pyrolysis oil valve (12) is opened, the secondary pyrolysis oil valve (13) is closed, and a primary pyrolysis is performed through the microwave suppression device (5) and the microwave feeder (7) to obtain primary pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis residual carbon. The primary pyrolysis oil is stored in the primary pyrolysis oil storage tank (11) through the air supply pipeline (17).

8. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature of the opened condenser (10) is controlled to be 0°C~5°C; the microwave frequency of the primary pyrolysis is 2.45 GHz, the microwave power is 600~2000 W, the cracking temperature is 400°C~700°C, and the cracking time is 5~20 min.

9. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The residual carbon collection system comprises a carbon collection box (18) installed at the bottom of the silo (4), and an air cooling system (19) is provided on a side of the carbon collection box (18) away from the microwave box (6); The S3 specifically includes: The primary pyrolysis oil valve (12) is closed, and the secondary pyrolysis oil valve (13) and the air cooling system (19) are opened. The tar purification cracking device (9) containing the silicon carbide foam and high entropy oxide composite material is moved into the microwave box (6) through the pulley device (16) in conjunction with the replacement sleeve (15) to carry out secondary tar cracking. When the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor (8) is ≤200°C, the pyrolysis residue is transferred from the pyrolysis reactor (8) to the charcoal collecting box (18). When the secondary tar cracking is completed, secondary pyrolysis oil is obtained, and the secondary pyrolysis oil is stored in the secondary pyrolysis oil storage tank (14) through the air supply pipeline (17).

10. A continuous displacement pyrolysis method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The microwave frequency of the secondary tar cracking is 2.45 GHz, the microwave power is 2500-5000 W, the cracking temperature is 800°C-1500°C, and the cracking time is 5-10 min.

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