Multi-stage cooperative scrubber tower and scrubbing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas washing and purification, and discloses a multi-stage cooperative scrubber tower and a scrubbing method. The tower body of the scrubber tower is provided with a primary washing section and a secondary washing section from bottom to top, and the liquid level difference between a first liquid pool and a second liquid pool of the primary washing section is adjusted through a partition plate and an overflow hole, so that the liquid level is automatically adjusted; and the secondary washing section adopts a distributed washer to further purify the synthesis gas. According to the cooperative gas washing mode, washing liquid with different solid contents and synthesis gas are guided into corresponding liquid pools according to a specific process to be washed. According to the scrubber tower and the method, the problems that a traditional scrubber tower is poor in washing effect, impurities cannot be effectively separated and the like are effectively solved, and the washing and purifying efficiency and purity of the synthesis gas are remarkably improved through multi-stage collaborative washing. Meanwhile, the cyclic utilization of the washing liquid is realized, and the production cost and the resource consumption are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas washing and purification. More specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower and a scrubbing method. Background Art

[0003] In the process of chemical production, the washing and purification of syngas is a key link to ensure the smooth progress of production and the compliance of product quality. There are many problems in the actual operation of traditional scrubbing towers.

[0004] First, the gas-liquid separation effect is not good. During the gas washing process, it is difficult to achieve efficient separation after the gas and liquid are mixed, resulting in more washing liquid still carried in the syngas. This not only affects the subsequent process's use of syngas but may also cause problems such as equipment corrosion. This is mainly because the gas-liquid separation structure design of traditional scrubbing towers is unreasonable, lacking effective separation means and unable to meet the requirements of rapid and efficient gas-liquid separation.

[0005] Second, the recycling efficiency of the washing liquid is low. The washing liquid circulation system of traditional scrubbing towers lacks reasonable planning. The washing liquid at different stages is not fully utilized, and a large amount of washing liquid is discharged without effective treatment, resulting in waste of resources and increased production costs. At the same time, during the circulation of the washing liquid, impurities are prone to accumulate, affecting the washing effect, causing equipment scaling, and affecting the stable operation of the equipment. This is because there is no targeted design for the flow direction and treatment method of the washing liquid, and it cannot be reasonably allocated according to the characteristics of the washing liquid and the gas washing stage.

[0006] In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a new type of scrubbing tower that can achieve multi-stage collaborative washing, automatic liquid level adjustment, and efficient separation of impurities. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

[0008] The multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower of the present invention significantly improves the gas-liquid separation efficiency and the recycling rate of the washing liquid through the hierarchical design of the primary washing section and the secondary washing section, the adaptive adjustment of the overflow holes between the liquid pools, and the optimization of the distributed scrubbers, fundamentally solving the bottleneck problems of traditional technologies.

[0009] To achieve these and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower, comprising: A tower body, which is provided with a primary washing section and a secondary washing section from bottom to top; The primary washing section includes: A first liquid pool and a second liquid pool arranged in parallel, a partition plate is provided between the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool, and a plurality of overflow holes are provided on the partition plate; The first liquid pool is provided with a syngas inlet which extends below the liquid level and a first black water outlet at the bottom; The second liquid pool is provided with a second black water outlet at the bottom; The secondary washing section includes: A secondary gas-liquid separator at the top, a distributed scrubber below the secondary gas-liquid separator, a liquid guide pipe connecting the liquid outlet of the distributed scrubber to below the liquid level of the second liquid pool, a washing liquid inlet on the secondary washing section, and a syngas outlet above the secondary gas-liquid separator.

[0010] Preferably, the aperture of the overflow holes on the partition plate increases step by step from bottom to top, and a communication channel is formed between the top of the partition plate and the inner wall of the tower body.

[0011] Preferably, a primary gas-liquid separator is provided above the first liquid pool.

[0012] Preferably, the second black water outlet is connected to a quench water pump through a pipeline; The syngas inlet of the first liquid pool is connected to the gas outlet end of a Venturi scrubber through a pipeline, and the gas inlet end of the Venturi scrubber is connected to the syngas outlet of the quench chamber of a gasifier; The outlet of the quench water pump is connected to the quench water inlet of the quench chamber of the gasifier; The quench chamber of the gasifier is provided with a black water discharge port and a slag outlet, and the Venturi scrubber is provided with a washing liquid injection port.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the extension pipe of the syngas inlet is immersed in the first liquid pool to a depth of ≥500 mm; The middle of the liquid guide pipe is provided with a U-shaped bend with a vertical height of ≥100 mm, and its end extends below the liquid level of the second liquid pool.

[0014] Preferably, the side wall of the first liquid pool is provided with a second washing liquid inlet, the side wall of the second liquid pool is provided with a third washing liquid inlet, and both the second washing liquid inlet and the third washing liquid inlet are configured as emergency liquid supplement ports.

[0015] Preferably, the extension pipe of the syngas inlet is provided with a guide vane, and the surface of the guide vane is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer. Among them, the guide vane includes a first spiral section with a pitch of 55 - 65 mm and a second spiral section with a pitch of 35 - 45 mm, and the connection between the first spiral section and the second spiral section is connected by a curve-shaped transition; The pitch of the guide vane changes according to the rule of S = S 0 ·e (-0.2x / L) , where x is the axial position, L is the length of the extension pipe, and S 0 ranges from 35 to 85 mm.

[0016] Preferably, it further includes: A gas distributor is connected and arranged at the end of the synthesis gas inlet extension pipe. A pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the gas distributor for detecting the inlet pressure of the gas distributor. An ultrasonic oscillator array is arranged around the outer wall of the primary washing section through a mounting bracket. The gas distributor is within the action range of the ultrasonic oscillator array. The ultrasonic oscillator array generates a dual-frequency composite vibration of 28 kHz and 45 kHz and is arranged in a cross manner with a phase difference of 90°. When the inlet pressure of the gas distributor exceeds a preset threshold, the ultrasonic oscillator array is started.

[0017] Preferably, the gas distributor is a perforated plate distributor. The holes of the gas distributor are honeycomb-shaped. The aperture of the lower plate is 4 - 6 mm, the aperture of the upper plate is 1.5 - 2.5 mm, the hole opening rate of the lower plate is 25 - 35%, the hole opening rate of the upper plate is 50 - 70%. The pore channels are arranged at an oblique angle and are in the same direction as the deflector plate.

[0018] A gas washing method for a multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower is provided, including the following steps: Introduce the synthesis gas into the first liquid pool below the liquid level through the synthesis gas inlet of the first liquid pool for primary washing. Introduce the synthesis gas after primary washing into the distributed washer of the secondary washing section for secondary washing. The synthesis gas after secondary washing is separated by a secondary gas-liquid separator and exported from the synthesis gas outlet of the secondary washing section to complete gas washing. Among them, the washing liquid for secondary washing is introduced into the second liquid pool below the liquid level through a liquid guide pipe, and then is introduced into the quench chamber of the gasifier through the second black water outlet and a quench water pump as the quench water for the quench chamber of the gasifier. The synthesis gas in the quench chamber of the gasifier is washed by a Venturi scrubber and then introduced into the synthesis gas inlet of the first liquid pool.

[0019] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, through the settings of the primary washing section and the secondary washing section, the synthesis gas is gradually purified in different stages. In the primary washing section, the synthesis gas is in full contact with the washing liquid. The distributed washer in the secondary washing section further washes evenly, enhancing the washing effect, ensuring effective gas-liquid separation, and improving the cleanliness of the synthesis gas.

[0020] Second, the washing liquids in the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool can complement each other. The washing liquid flows from the liquid pool with a higher liquid level to the liquid pool with a lower liquid level through the overflow port on the partition plate or the top part connected by the partition plate, so as to meet the gas washing requirements under different working conditions. Moreover, by setting the overflow holes to have an increasing flow rate from bottom to top and setting the top of the partition plate to be completely connected, automatic adjustment of low replenishment amount under low liquid level difference and high replenishment amount under high liquid level difference is realized, without the need to additionally set valves, and the operation is simple and reliable.

[0021] Third, the second black water outlet is connected to the quench water pump, and the low solid content washing liquid after washing the ash in the last-stage distributed scrubber is used as quench water, realizing the recycling of the washing liquid, reducing water resource consumption and treatment costs. At the same time, the solid impurities in the quench water system are reduced, the risk of impeller wear of the quench water pump and blockage of the quench water internal parts is reduced, and the stable operation of the quench chamber of the gasifier is maintained. The quench water system is not easy to scale and block, and the operation cycle is extended. In particular, the quench chamber of the gasifier is the area with the highest temperature in the entire syngas washing system. Moreover, due to the intense heat exchange between the high-temperature syngas (700 - 1400 °C) and the quench water, local overheating of the temperature is very likely to occur due to uneven heat exchange, and the possibility of scaling is relatively high. By using the scrubber of the present invention, since the solid content of the quench water is low, it is less likely to scale in the quench chamber.

[0022] Fourth, the immersion depth of the end of the syngas inlet extension pipe, the U-shaped bend design of the liquid guide pipe, and the setting of the emergency liquid replenishment port ensure the full contact between the syngas and the washing liquid, prevent gas leakage and liquid backflow, can timely replenish when the washing liquid is insufficient, maintain the normal operation of the scrubber, and ensure the stability and continuity of the production process.

[0023] Fifth, the cleanest washing liquid with the lowest solid content is used to wash the syngas with the lowest ash content in the distributed scrubber at the last stage; the washing liquid in the first liquid pool with a medium solid content is used to wash the syngas with a medium ash content in the first liquid pool at the middle stage; the washing liquid in the quench chamber of the gasifier with the highest solid content is used to wash the syngas with the highest ash content in the quench chamber of the gasifier at the first stage. Through this way of staged gas washing, the utilization efficiency of the washing liquid is improved. Under the condition of the same flow rate of fresh washing liquid, the dust particle capture ability is maximally enhanced, or in order to meet the requirement of the dust content rate of the outlet syngas, the flow rate of the fresh washing liquid is minimized, and the gas washing effect is excellent.

[0024] Sixth, the guide vanes in the syngas inlet extension pipe optimize the gas flow distribution, reduce local wear, and the tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer on the surface improves the wear resistance of the vanes and extends the service life. The gas distributor cooperates with the ultrasonic oscillator array to evenly distribute the syngas, remove the impurity deposition, and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the scrubber.

[0025] Seventhly, the dual-frequency composite vibration generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array improves the gas-liquid mixing effect, enabling the synthesis gas to achieve an ideal washing effect in a shorter time and reducing the energy consumption of gas transportation. At the same time, the circulation volume of the washing liquid and the equipment maintenance frequency are reduced, avoiding additional energy consumption caused by impurity accumulation. Compared with traditional scrubbers, the gas washing energy consumption is significantly reduced.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic side view of the scrubber for one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 2 Detail view of the partition plate for one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic connection diagram of the scrubber and the quench chamber of the gasifier for one of the technical solutions of the present invention; Figure 4 Detail view of the extension pipe for one of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals in the drawings: tower body 100, primary washing section 11, secondary washing section 12, first liquid pool 200, second liquid pool 300, partition plate 400, overflow hole 41, synthesis gas inlet 21, first black water outlet 22, second black water outlet 31, secondary gas-liquid separator 600, distributed scrubber 700, liquid guide pipe 71, washing liquid inlet 72, synthesis gas outlet 73, quench water pump 81, Venturi scrubber 82, quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, second washing liquid inlet 23, third washing liquid inlet 32, extension pipe 24, guide vane 25, gas distributor 900, ultrasonic oscillator array 500. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description in the specification.

[0030] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower, comprising: A tower body 100, which is provided with a primary washing section 11 and a secondary washing section 12 from bottom to top; The primary washing section 11 includes: A first liquid pool 200 and a second liquid pool 300 arranged in parallel. A partition plate 400 is provided between the first liquid pool 200 and the second liquid pool 300. The partition plate 400 is provided with a plurality of overflow holes 41; further, the top of the partition plate 400 forms a communication channel with the inner wall of the tower body 100, and the aperture of the overflow hole 41 gradually increases from bottom to top; the first liquid pool 200 is provided with a syngas inlet 21 which extends below the liquid level and a first black water outlet 22 at the bottom; further, a primary gas-liquid separator is provided in the upper part of the first liquid pool 200; The bottom of the second liquid pool 300 is provided with a second black water outlet 31; The secondary washing section 12 includes: A secondary gas-liquid separator 600 at the top, a distributed scrubber 700 located below the secondary gas-liquid separator 600, a liquid guide pipe 71 connecting the liquid outlet of the distributed scrubber 700 to below the liquid level of the second liquid pool 300, a washing liquid inlet 72 on the secondary washing section 12, and a syngas outlet 73 located above the secondary gas-liquid separator 600.

[0032] In the above technical solution, by setting the primary washing section 11 and the secondary washing section 12, multi-stage collaborative washing is achieved. In the primary washing section 11, the syngas enters from the syngas inlet 21 of the first liquid pool 200 below the liquid level, fully contacts with the washing liquid, and preliminarily removes impurities. At the same time, the washing liquids in the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool can be mutually supplemented, so that the washing liquid flows from the liquid pool with a higher liquid level to the liquid pool with a lower liquid level through the overflow opening on the partition plate or the top connected by the partition plate to meet the scrubbing requirements under different working conditions. Moreover, by setting the overflow holes to gradually increase the flow rate from bottom to top and setting the top of the partition plate to be completely connected, automatic adjustment of low replenishment amount under low liquid level difference and high replenishment amount under high liquid level difference is realized, without the need to additionally set valves, and the operation is simple and reliable. The secondary washing section 12 further purifies the syngas. The distributed scrubber 700 makes the washing liquid evenly distributed, enhancing the washing effect. The settings of the primary gas-liquid separator and the secondary gas-liquid separator 600 ensure the effective separation of gas and liquid. The syngas after washing removes the carried liquid in the gas-liquid separator, reducing the waste of the washing liquid and avoiding the influence of the liquid on the subsequent process. The first black water outlet 22 at the bottom of the first liquid pool 200 and the second black water outlet 31 at the bottom of the second liquid pool 300 enable the black water containing impurities to be discharged from the scrubbing tower in time, avoiding the accumulation of black water, ensuring the normal operation of the scrubbing tower, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0033] Specifically, the tower body 100 is the main structure of the entire device, and it is provided with a primary washing section 11 and a secondary washing section 12 from bottom to top. This setting method enables the syngas to be gradually purified at different stages, improving the washing effect. During the actual manufacturing process, the tower body 100 can be made of corrosion-resistant metal materials such as stainless steel to ensure that it will not be corroded by the washing liquid and impurities in the syngas during long-term use. The heights and volumes of the primary washing section 11 and the secondary washing section 12 can be reasonably designed according to the actual production requirements and the flow rate of the syngas.

[0034] The syngas inlet 21 is provided on the first liquid pool 200 and extends below the liquid level, so that the syngas can directly contact the washing liquid fully after entering the first liquid pool 200 for preliminary washing. The first black water outlet 22 is provided at the bottom of the first liquid pool 200 for discharging the black water containing impurities. A primary gas-liquid separator is further provided in the upper part to separate the gas and liquid of the syngas after preliminary washing and remove the liquid carried therein. The second black water outlet 31 is provided at the bottom of the second liquid pool 300 for discharging the black water in the second liquid pool 300.

[0035] The secondary washing section 12 includes a secondary gas-liquid separator 600 at the top, a distributed washer 700 located below the secondary gas-liquid separator 600, a liquid guide pipe 71 connecting the liquid outlet of the distributed washer 700 to below the liquid level of the second liquid pool 300, a washing liquid inlet 72 on the secondary washing section 12, and a syngas outlet 73 located above the secondary gas-liquid separator 600. After the syngas coming out of the primary washing section 11 enters the secondary washing section 12, it first passes through the distributed washer 700. The distributed washer 700 evenly sprays the washing liquid into the syngas to further remove the impurities in the syngas. The washed liquid flows back to the second liquid pool 300 through the liquid guide pipe 71. The syngas after secondary washing passes through the secondary gas-liquid separator 600 for gas-liquid separation and finally is discharged from the syngas outlet 73. The secondary gas-liquid separator 600 can ensure that the liquid carried in the syngas is fully separated, guaranteeing the quality of the discharged syngas.

[0036] In particular: The reasonable distribution and adjustment of the washing liquid play a crucial role in the efficient and stable operation of the scrubbing tower. When the flow rates of the washing liquid inlet and outlet are unbalanced, it is often necessary to adjust the liquid levels of each liquid pool and the flow rate of the washing liquid by means of a complex valve control system. However, this method not only increases the cost and maintenance difficulty of the equipment, but also the frequent operation of the valves is prone to failures, reducing the reliability and stability of the system. At the same time, it also limits the adaptability of the scrubbing tower to different working conditions.

[0037] To solve the above problems, this solution adopts a structure in which the first liquid pool 200 and the second liquid pool 300 are separated by a partition plate 400 and connected at the top. The partition plate 400 is provided with overflow holes 41 whose flow rate increases gradually from bottom to top. This design is based on the principle of fluid mechanics. When the flow rates of the washing liquid inlet and outlet are unbalanced, a liquid level difference will be generated between the liquid pools. Once a liquid level difference appears, the washing liquid in the liquid pool with a higher liquid level will automatically flow to the liquid pool with a lower liquid level through the overflow holes 41 on the partition plate 400. When the liquid level difference is small, the washing liquid is mainly supplemented through the overflow holes 41 with a smaller flow rate at the lower part of the partition plate 400. This is because the aperture of the lower overflow holes 41 is relatively small, and at a small liquid level difference, the pressure difference of the fluid is not sufficient to allow a large amount of washing liquid to pass through the overflow holes 41 with a larger aperture at the upper part. In this case, the supplementary flow rate is relatively small, meeting the requirement of low liquid level difference and low supplementary amount, avoiding excessive supplementation of the washing liquid when the liquid level difference is small, and ensuring the relative stability of the liquid level in the liquid pool. When the liquid level difference is large, as the fluid pressure difference increases, not only does the washing liquid continue to pass through the lower overflow holes 41, but also a large amount of washing liquid begins to pass through the overflow holes 41 with a larger flow rate at the upper part. Since the aperture of the upper overflow holes 41 is larger and can allow a larger flow rate to pass through, the overall supplementary flow rate will increase significantly, achieving automatic adjustment of high liquid level difference and high supplementary amount. This automatic adjustment process relies entirely on physical principles and does not require additional valve control, greatly simplifying the operation process.

[0038] This design enables the scrubbing tower to respond more flexibly to different working conditions. For example, when the production load changes and causes large fluctuations in the flow rates of the washing liquid inlet and outlet, the scrubbing tower can automatically adjust the distribution of the washing liquid between the liquid pools to maintain the stable operation of the system. Moreover, since a complex valve system is not required, the probability of equipment failure is reduced, improving the reliability and service life of the scrubbing tower. At the same time, the operation is simple and reliable, reducing the labor intensity and skill requirements of the operators, making the operation and management of the scrubbing tower more convenient and efficient.

[0039] In another technical solution, further, The second black water outlet 31 is connected to the quench water pump 81 through a pipeline; The syngas inlet 21 of the first liquid pool is connected to the gas outlet end of the venturi scrubber 82 through a pipeline, and the gas inlet end of the venturi scrubber 82 is connected to the syngas outlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier; The outlet of the quench water pump 81 is connected to the quench water inlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier; The quench chamber 800 of the gasifier is provided with a black water discharge port and a slag outlet, and the venturi scrubber 82 is provided with a washing liquid injection port.

[0040] In the above technical solution, an effective linkage between the multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower and the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier is achieved, which has significant advantages. The second black water outlet 31 is connected to the quench water pump 81 and conveys water to the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, realizing the recycling of the washing liquid and reducing the consumption and treatment cost of water resources. The Venturi scrubber 82 preliminarily washes the syngas from the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, removes some impurities, reduces the washing burden of the scrubbing tower, and improves the overall purification efficiency. At the same time, the black water discharge port and the ash slag outlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier ensure the stable operation of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, reduce the damage of impurities to the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0041] Specifically, in actual applications, the connection and operation of the multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower with the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier and related equipment is a systematic and orderly process. Connect the second black water outlet 31 to the quench water pump 81 through a pipeline with an appropriate pipe diameter and material, ensure a tight connection, and prevent leakage. At the same time, the syngas inlet 21 is connected to the gas outlet end of the Venturi scrubber 82 through a pipeline, and the gas inlet end of the Venturi scrubber 82 is connected to the syngas outlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier. The outlet of the quench water pump 81 is connected to the quench water inlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier through a pipeline to ensure that the quench water can be smoothly conveyed. The black water discharge port and the ash slag outlet provided on the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier need to be equipped with corresponding discharge pipelines and treatment equipment to ensure that the black water and ash slag can be discharged in a timely and effective manner. The washing liquid injection port on the Venturi scrubber 82 needs to be connected to a washing liquid supply pipeline to ensure that there is enough washing liquid for the preliminary washing of the syngas.

[0042] During the operation process, the syngas generated from the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, carrying a large amount of impurities such as dust and particles, first enters the Venturi scrubber 82. In the Venturi scrubber 82, the washing liquid injected through the washing liquid injection port comes into full contact with the syngas. By using the special structure of the Venturi tube, some dust, particles and other impurities in the syngas are captured by the washing liquid, realizing preliminary purification. The preliminarily purified syngas flows out from the gas outlet end of the Venturi scrubber 82 and enters the syngas inlet 21 of the multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower through a pipeline, and then undergoes further washing and purification in the scrubbing tower.

[0043] During the washing process in the scrubbing tower, black water containing impurities is generated. This black water accumulates in the second liquid pool 300 and flows out through the second black water outlet 31. The outflowing black water is pumped by the quench water pump 81 and conveyed as quench water through a pipeline to the quench water inlet of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier. In the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier, the quench water cools and further washes the high-temperature syngas, and also helps to maintain the stable operating conditions in the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier.

[0044] As the operation continues, black water and ash residues will accumulate in the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier. When it reaches a certain level, the black water and ash residues are discharged through the black water discharge port and the ash residue outlet. The discharged black water and ash residues can be subjected to subsequent treatments such as sedimentation, filtration, separation, etc., to achieve resource recovery and utilization and reduce the impact on the environment.

[0045] During the whole process, the operating parameters of each device need to be monitored and adjusted. For example, monitor the flow rate and pressure of the quench water pump 81 to ensure that the quench water can be stably and appropriately transported to the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier; monitor the pressure and temperature in the Venturi scrubber 82 and the scrubbing tower to ensure the purification effect of the syngas and the safe operation of the equipment; monitor the liquid level and composition in the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier and discharge the black water and ash residues in a timely manner.

[0046] In particular: In chemical production, the stable operation of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier is crucial for the efficiency and continuity of the entire production process. However, there are many problems in the traditional quench water system. For example, the solid content of the quench water is relatively high, which will bring a series of adverse effects to the equipment operation. As the key power equipment for the quench water circulation, when the solid content in the quench water is too high, the impeller of the pump will be continuously scoured and worn by solid particles during the high-speed rotation process. The impeller wear will not only reduce the transportation efficiency of the quench water pump 81, but may also cause the impeller to be damaged, requiring frequent replacement, increasing the equipment maintenance cost and production downtime. At the same time, the quench water internals in the quench chamber, such as distributors, spray nozzles, etc., are extremely prone to clogging under the long-term action of high-solid-content quench water. Once the internals are clogged and the quench water cannot be evenly distributed, it will seriously affect the cooling and washing effects on the syngas, resulting in too high temperature of the syngas and incomplete removal of impurities, and further affecting the stable operation of the subsequent process. Moreover, the high-solid-content quench water will also cause a large amount of solid impurities to accumulate in the liquid pool of the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier. These impurities deposit at the bottom of the liquid pool and are prone to cause scaling of the liquid pool. Scaling will not only affect the effective volume of the liquid pool, but may also cause poor water flow in the liquid pool, further exacerbating the instability of the equipment operation.

[0047] To effectively solve these problems, this technical solution proposes to use the low-solid-content washing liquid after ash washing in the last-stage distributed scrubber 700 as quench water. During the operation of the multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower, the syngas undergoes multi-stage washing. The last-stage distributed scrubber 700 can finely wash the syngas and remove most of the solid impurities therein. At this time, the solid content of the generated washing liquid is relatively low. Introducing this part of the low-solid-content washing liquid into the quench water system can significantly reduce the solid content in the quench water pump 81, the quench water internal components in the quench chamber, and the entire quench chamber liquid pool. When the low-solid-content washing liquid enters the quench water pump 81 as quench water, due to the significant reduction in solid particles, the erosion and wear on the impeller of the quench water pump 81 are significantly reduced. This not only extends the service life of the impeller of the quench water pump 81 and reduces the number of equipment maintenance times, but also ensures that the quench water pump 81 always maintains an efficient and stable operating state, providing a continuous and stable supply of quench water to the quench chamber. For the quench water internal components in the quench chamber, the low-solid-content quench water can effectively reduce the risk of internal component blockage. Internal components such as distributors and nozzles can smoothly distribute the quench water evenly, thereby ensuring the cooling and washing effects on the syngas, improving the quality of the syngas, and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the subsequent process. In terms of the liquid pool of the gasifier quench chamber 800, the low-solid-content quench water greatly reduces the accumulation of solid impurities in the liquid pool, significantly reducing the possibility of fouling. The liquid pool can maintain a good water flow state and effective volume, which is conducive to the full contact and heat exchange of gas and liquid in the quench chamber, maintaining the stable operating conditions of the quench chamber.

[0048] Therefore, by using the low-solid-content washing liquid after ash washing in the last-stage distributed scrubber 700 as quench water, the operating environment of the quench water system is fundamentally improved, the risk of impeller wear of the quench water pump 81 and blockage of the quench water internal components is effectively reduced, and the possibility of fouling in the gasifier quench chamber 800 is reduced, providing reliable technical support for the efficient and stable operation of chemical production.

[0049] In another technical solution, further, the end of the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21 is immersed in the liquid level of the first liquid pool 200 with a depth ≥ 500 mm; The middle of the liquid guide pipe 71 is provided with a U-shaped bend with a vertical height ≥ 100 mm, and its end extends below the liquid level of the second liquid pool 300.

[0050] In the above technical solution, the end of the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21 is immersed in the first liquid pool 200 with a liquid level depth of ≥500 mm, which can ensure that when the syngas enters the first liquid pool 200, there is sufficient contact time and contact area with the washing liquid, so as to more effectively remove impurities in the syngas and improve the washing efficiency. The middle part of the liquid guide pipe 71 is provided with a U-shaped bend with a vertical height of ≥100 mm, and the end is extended below the liquid level of the second liquid pool 300, which can form a liquid seal, effectively prevent gas from leaking through the liquid guide pipe 71, and at the same time avoid the liquid in the second liquid pool 300 from flowing back to the distributed scrubber 700, ensuring the stability and reliability of the operation of the scrubbing tower.

[0051] Specifically, when installing the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21, it is necessary to strictly control the depth of its immersion in the liquid level of the first liquid pool 200. First, determine the liquid level range of the first liquid pool 200 according to the design requirements and actual working conditions. During the installation process, use professional measuring tools, such as liquid level gauges, depth gauges, etc., to ensure that the end of the extension pipe 24 is immersed in the liquid level with a depth of ≥500 mm. Before installation, check the extension pipe 24 to ensure that it is not damaged or blocked. Firmly connect the extension pipe 24 to the syngas inlet 21, and the connection method can be welding or flange connection to ensure the sealing performance of the connection.

[0052] For the installation of the liquid guide pipe 71 and the U-shaped bend, first make the U-shaped bend according to the design requirements to ensure that its vertical height is ≥100 mm. During the manufacturing process, strictly control the dimensional accuracy and bending angle of the U-shaped bend to ensure that it conforms to the principles of fluid mechanics. Install the U-shaped bend in the middle of the liquid guide pipe 71, using welding or pipe fitting connection methods to ensure firm connection and good sealing. After installation, check the vertical height and position of the U-shaped bend to ensure that it meets the design requirements. Then connect one end of the liquid guide pipe 71 to the liquid outlet of the distributed scrubber 700, and the other end extends below the liquid level of the second liquid pool 300. During the installation process, pay attention to the orientation and slope of the liquid guide pipe 71 to avoid liquid accumulation or blockage. During the operation of the scrubbing tower, observe the liquid flow in the liquid guide pipe 71 and check whether the U-shaped bend forms an effective liquid seal.

[0053] In another technical solution, further, a second washing liquid inlet 23 is provided on the side wall of the first liquid pool 200, and a third washing liquid inlet 32 is provided on the side wall of the second liquid pool 300. The second washing liquid inlet 23 and the third washing liquid inlet 32 are both configured as emergency liquid replenishment ports.

[0054] In the above technical solution, the second washing liquid inlet 23 and the third washing liquid inlet 32 are respectively arranged in the first liquid pool 200 and the second liquid pool 300 as emergency liquid supplement ports, which has significant practical value. When emergencies such as washing liquid leakage and excessive consumption occur during the operation of the scrubbing tower, resulting in too low liquid levels in the liquid pools, washing liquid can be quickly replenished into the corresponding liquid pools through these two emergency liquid supplement ports. This can ensure that there is enough washing liquid in the scrubbing tower for the washing of syngas, maintain the normal operation of the scrubbing tower, avoid problems such as decreased scrubbing efficiency and unqualified syngas purification caused by insufficient washing liquid, guarantee the stability and continuity of the entire production process, and improve production efficiency and product quality.

[0055] Specifically, during the manufacturing and installation of the multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower, the second washing liquid inlet 23 and the third washing liquid inlet 32 need to be opened at appropriate positions on the side walls of the first liquid pool 200 and the second liquid pool 300. Selecting the appropriate installation position is crucial. It is necessary to consider facilitating the connection of external washing liquid supply pipelines while avoiding affecting the gas-liquid flow in the liquid pool and the normal operation of other components. Before installation, the dimensions and connection methods of the inlets are precisely designed. The pipe diameter of the inlet should be determined according to the scale of the scrubbing tower and the possible liquid supplement requirements to ensure that enough washing liquid can be replenished in a short time. The connection method can adopt flange connection or threaded connection to ensure the sealing and firmness of the connection.

[0056] In order to promptly detect the situation of too low washing liquid level in the liquid pool, a liquid level monitoring device such as a liquid level sensor needs to be installed in the first liquid pool 200 and the second liquid pool 300. The liquid level sensor should be calibrated and maintained regularly to ensure the accuracy of its measurement. When the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level in the liquid pool is lower than the set safety value, an alarm signal is issued. During the liquid supplement process, the change of the liquid level should be closely observed, and at the same time, attention should be paid to the inflow speed and pressure of the washing liquid to avoid excessive pressure or liquid overflow in the liquid pool caused by too fast liquid supplement.

[0057] In another technical solution, further, a flow guiding vane 25 is provided in the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21. A tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer is plated on the surface of the flow guiding vane 25. Among them, the flow guiding vane 25 includes a first spiral section with a pitch of 55 - 65 mm and a second spiral section with a pitch of 35 - 45 mm. The connection between the first spiral section and the second spiral section adopts a curved transition connection; The thickness of the tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer is 80 - 100 μm, and the Vickers hardness ≥ 1800 HV; The spacing of the flow guiding vane 25 changes according to the law of S = S 0 ·e (-0.2x / L) where x is the axial position, L is the pipe length of the extension pipe 24, and the value range of S 0 is 35 - 85 mm.

[0058] In the above technical solution, the diversion vanes 25 are arranged in the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21, which can effectively improve the gas flow distribution of the syngas. The first spiral section and the second spiral section with different pitches and the curved transition connection can make the syngas gradually change the flow direction and speed during the flow process, enhance the mixing effect with the washing liquid, and improve the washing efficiency. The tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer plated on the surface of the diversion vanes 25, with a thickness of 80 - 100 μm and a Vickers hardness ≥ 1800 HV, can significantly improve the wear resistance of the vanes, extend their service life, and reduce the performance degradation caused by wear. The pitch of the diversion vanes 25 changes according to a specific law, which can optimize the diversion according to the flow state of the syngas in the extension pipe 24, and further improve the gas washing effect.

[0059] In particular: Traditional gas washing towers often face some detailed problems during operation, such as severe local wear caused by uneven gas flow distribution, short service life of key components requiring frequent maintenance, and scaling in the quench chamber caused by gas-liquid entrainment and wear. This solution optimizes the gas flow distribution through the diversion vanes 25 and reduces local wear. The diversion vanes 25 arranged in the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21 have made a meticulous and precise optimization of the gas flow distribution of the syngas. The diversion vanes 25 are composed of a first spiral section and a second spiral section with different pitches, and a curved transition connection is adopted between the two sections, enabling the syngas to gradually and smoothly change the flow direction and speed after entering the extension pipe 24.

[0060] When the syngas enters the extension pipe 24 at a high speed, without the guidance of the diversion vanes 25, the gas flow will be in a disordered state, resulting in too high gas flow speed in local areas, causing severe erosion and wear to the inner wall and internal components of the extension pipe 24. However, the presence of the diversion vanes 25 allows the syngas to be evenly distributed in the extension pipe 24, avoiding the occurrence of too high local gas flow speed, thus greatly reducing the impact on the pipeline and components and effectively reducing the degree of local wear.

[0061] The tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer plated on the surface of the guide vane 25 is the key to improving the lifespan of key components. Tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness and excellent wear resistance. Its thickness ranges from 80 to 100 μm, and the Vickers hardness is ≥1800 HV. During the operation of the scrubbing tower, the syngas often carries a large amount of solid particles and impurities. Driven by the airflow, these particles will continuously impact and rub key components such as the guide vane 25. Without the protection of the wear-resistant layer, the guide vane 25 will soon be worn out, resulting in a decline in its flow guiding performance and further affecting the overall operation effect of the scrubbing tower. The tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer effectively resists the wear of the particles and extends the service life of the guide vane 25. The extension of the lifespan of key components can greatly reduce the frequency of maintenance. The situation where it was originally necessary to frequently stop the machine for maintenance and component replacement has been improved, reducing the production interruption time caused by maintenance and improving the operation reliability and production efficiency of the scrubbing tower.

[0062] The optimization of the airflow distribution by the guide vane 25 not only reduces local wear but also, to a certain extent, reduces the phenomenon of gas-liquid entrainment. When the airflow is evenly distributed, the contact between gas and liquid is more stable and orderly, avoiding the situation where a large amount of liquid is entrained by the gas due to airflow disorder.

[0063] Specifically, in the operation scenario of a multi-stage collaborative scrubbing tower, the relevant parameters of the guide vane 25 in the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21 have a certain degree of adjustability, and the variation law of its spacing has a special effect.

[0064] The first spiral section can be adjusted within the range of 55 - 65 mm. When the pitch is less than 55 mm, the syngas turns too frequently per unit length, which may lead to an increase in local airflow resistance and affect the smooth entry of the syngas; when the pitch is greater than 65 mm, the initial flow guiding effect on the syngas weakens, and it is unable to effectively guide the airflow to smoothly enter the subsequent area. The second spiral section can vary between 35 - 45 mm. If the pitch is less than 35 mm, it will also cause excessive airflow disturbance and is not conducive to the stable transportation of the syngas; when it is greater than 45 mm, it is difficult to finely adjust the syngas after the initial flow guiding by the first spiral section, affecting the overall flow guiding effect. S 0 The value range is 35 - 85 mm. When S 0 is less than 35 mm, the spacing of the guide vane 25 is too small, which may lead to a limited flow space for the syngas, too fast gas flow velocity, and affect the gas-liquid contact effect; if S 0 is greater than 85 mm, the blade spacing is too large, and the flow guiding function cannot be fully exerted, resulting in uneven syngas distribution and affecting the scrubbing efficiency.

[0065] As the syngas flows along the extension pipe 24, the axial position x changes continuously. According to S = S 0 ·e (-0.2x / L)The spacing S of the guide vanes 25 is dynamically adjusted according to the law. At the starting section of the extension pipe 24 (where the x value is small), S is relatively large. At this time, the velocity of the syngas is relatively fast, and the larger spacing can enable the gas to be initially diffused, avoiding excessive constraint. While at the end close to the inside of the scrubbing tower (where the x value is close to L), S becomes smaller, which can further refine the flow guidance of the syngas with decreasing velocity and gradually stabilized flow, enabling it to enter the scrubbing tower more uniformly to contact the scrubbing liquid and improving the scrubbing effect. The reasonable law of spacing change maximizes the contact area between the syngas and the scrubbing liquid. At different positions, according to the state of the syngas such as flow velocity and pressure, the spacing of the guide vanes 25 is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the syngas mixes with the scrubbing liquid in the best state. At the position where the syngas flow velocity is high, the larger spacing is conducive to the rapid dispersion of the gas; at the position where the flow velocity is low, the smaller spacing ensures the uniform distribution of the gas, thereby comprehensively improving the scrubbing efficiency and more effectively removing impurities in the syngas. This law of change can reduce the non-uniform erosion of the extension pipe 24 and internal components by the syngas. If the spacing of the guide vanes 25 is fixed, it may cause the gas flow to concentrate in some areas, resulting in serious wear on the pipeline and vanes. However, the spacing that changes according to this law makes the syngas evenly distributed in the extension pipe 24, reducing the local gas flow velocity and impact force, thereby reducing the wear on the guide vanes 25 and the inner wall of the extension pipe 24 and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0066] In another technical solution, further, it further includes: A gas distributor 900, which is connected and arranged at the end of the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21. A pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet end of the gas distributor 900 for detecting the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900; An ultrasonic oscillator array 500, which is surrounded by a mounting bracket on the outer wall of the primary scrubbing section 11, and the gas distributor 900 is within the action range of the ultrasonic oscillator array 500. The ultrasonic oscillator array 500 generates a dual-frequency composite vibration of 28 kHz and 45 kHz and is arranged in a cross manner with a phase difference of 90°. When the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900 exceeds a preset threshold, the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 is started.

[0067] In the above technical solution, the gas distributor 900 is arranged at the end of the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21, which can enable the syngas to enter the primary scrubbing section 11 more uniformly, improving the gas-liquid contact area and scrubbing effect. The pressure sensor at the inlet end can monitor the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900 in real time and promptly detect possible blockage problems. The dual-frequency composite vibration generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500, arranged in a cross manner with a specific power density and phase difference, can produce a synergistic and efficient vibration effect. When the pressure exceeds the threshold, starting the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can utilize the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves and other effects to effectively remove the impurity deposition around the gas distributor 900 and restore the normal pressure, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the scrubbing tower.

[0068] Specifically, the gas distributor 900 is connected and arranged at the end of the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21. Select a suitable connection method, such as welding or flange connection, to ensure a firm and well-sealed connection, preventing gas leakage. Connect the pressure sensing and control system to obtain real-time gas distributor 900 inlet pressure data. Design a suitable mounting bracket according to the size and structure of the primary washing section 11. The mounting bracket should have sufficient strength and stability to firmly fix the ultrasonic oscillator array 500. Surround the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 on the outer wall of the primary washing section 11 through the mounting bracket, ensuring that the gas distributor 900 is within its effective range. Adjust the position and angle of the ultrasonic oscillators so that they can uniformly emit ultrasonic waves to the gas distributor 900. Regarding the parameter selection of the ultrasonic oscillator array 500, limited by existing mature ultrasonic products, the only frequencies that can stably generate low and high frequencies are currently 28 kHz and 45 kHz. Therefore, select this dual-frequency combination and arrange it in a cross pattern with a phase difference of 90°.

[0069] Set a preset threshold for the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900. This threshold should be reasonably determined according to the operating parameters and experience of the scrubbing tower. During the operation of the scrubbing tower, monitor the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900 in real time. When the pressure exceeds the preset threshold, the control system automatically activates the ultrasonic oscillator array 500. After the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 has been working for a period of time, observe the change in the inlet pressure of the gas distributor 900. If the pressure returns to normal, the operation of the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can be stopped.

[0070] In particular: In a traditional scrubbing tower, the gas-liquid contact is often insufficient, and part of the syngas cannot effectively interact with the scrubbing liquid, resulting in poor scrubbing effect. To meet the required scrubbing standards, it is necessary to increase the residence time of the syngas in the tower or increase the gas flow rate, which both mean consuming more energy for gas transportation. The dual-frequency composite vibration generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can greatly improve the gas-liquid mixing effect. The low-frequency vibration of 28 kHz causes a large range of fluctuations in the scrubbing liquid, promoting better dispersion of the gas in the scrubbing liquid; the high-frequency vibration of 45 kHz enhances the cavitation effect on a microscopic scale, greatly increasing the contact area between the gas and the scrubbing liquid. This optimized gas-liquid contact method enables the syngas to achieve an ideal scrubbing effect in a short time. In actual production, after introducing this array, a better scrubbing effect can be achieved while maintaining the original gas flow rate, thus significantly reducing the energy consumption during gas transportation. Since the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 enhances the scrubbing efficiency, the syngas passing through the scrubbing tower per unit time can be purified more efficiently. This enables the reduction of the required scrubbing liquid circulation volume when meeting the same scrubbing quality standard. In a traditional scrubbing tower, to ensure the scrubbing effect, a large amount of scrubbing liquid circulation is often required, which requires a large-power scrubbing liquid circulation pump to operate continuously, consuming a large amount of electric energy. During the scrubbing process, impurities in the gas are likely to accumulate in parts such as the gas distributor 900 and the tower wall. Over time, this will lead to an increase in the gas flow resistance. To maintain the gas flow rate, it is necessary to increase the output power of the fan or compressor, increasing the energy consumption. The cavitation effect generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can effectively prevent the deposition of impurities in these parts. The dual-frequency vibration with a 90° phase difference cross-arrangement forms a more complex and uniform sound field in the tower, acting on the inside of the equipment in all directions to ensure that impurities are difficult to adhere. Through the ultrasonic oscillator array 500, the gas distributor 900 remains clean, the gas flow is smooth, and the fan energy consumption is stable. The accumulation of impurities will not only increase the equipment resistance but also cause corrosion and wear to the equipment, shortening the service life of the equipment. Frequent equipment maintenance or replacement not only brings economic losses, but during the downtime for maintenance, the entire scrubbing system cannot operate normally. To maintain production, it may be necessary to start standby equipment or adopt other temporary measures, which will all increase additional energy consumption. The ultrasonic oscillator array 500 reduces the equipment maintenance frequency and damage risk by reducing the accumulation of impurities, enabling the equipment to operate stably and avoiding these additional energy consumptions. Therefore, although the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 consumes energy during operation, it reduces the overall energy consumption during the scrubbing process from multiple aspects by improving the scrubbing efficiency, reducing equipment maintenance and failures, etc. Compared with the traditional scrubbing tower, the scrubbing energy consumption will be significantly reduced.

[0071] Moreover, the flow guiding vane 25 is arranged in the extension pipe 24 of the syngas inlet 21. Its special structure (such as spiral segments with different pitches and curved transition connections) can preliminarily rectify and optimize the syngas flow entering the extension pipe 24. It makes the flow direction and velocity of the syngas more uniform, avoiding the disorder of the gas flow and the generation of local high-speed regions. When the gas flow optimized by the flow guiding vane 25 reaches the gas distributor 900, the gas distributor 900 can further evenly distribute the syngas into the primary washing section 11 on this basis. The cooperation of the two enables the syngas to contact the washing liquid in a more uniform state, greatly increasing the gas-liquid contact area and improving the washing efficiency. In a traditional scrubbing tower, due to uneven gas flow distribution, there may be a situation where the gas concentration is too high in some areas and too low in some areas, resulting in poor washing effect. After adopting the combined design of the flow guiding vane 25 and the gas distributor 900, the syngas can be more evenly dispersed in the washing liquid, making the washing process more thorough and effective.

[0072] The optimization of the gas flow by the flow guiding vane 25 is not only beneficial to improving the washing efficiency, but also can reduce the local wear of the gas distributor 900 by the gas. When the gas flow is evenly distributed, the impact of the gas on the gas distributor 900 is more uniform, avoiding the problem of aggravated local wear of the gas distributor 900 caused by too high local gas flow velocity. This extends the service life of the gas distributor 900, reduces the equipment maintenance cost and replacement frequency. In the absence of the flow guiding vane 25, the high-speed gas flow may concentrate on impacting some parts of the gas distributor 900, resulting in an accelerated wear rate of these parts and the need to frequently replace the gas distributor 900. The presence of the flow guiding vane 25 makes the gas flow more stable, reduces the wear on the gas distributor 900, and improves the reliability and stability of the equipment.

[0073] During the scrubbing process, impurities carried in the syngas may gradually deposit on components such as the flow guide vane 25 and the gas distributor 900, affecting the normal operation of the equipment and the scrubbing effect. When the pressure sensor at the inlet end of the gas distributor 900 detects that the pressure exceeds the preset threshold, it indicates that there may be a blockage problem caused by impurity deposition. At this time, the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 is activated to generate a dual-frequency composite vibration of 28 kHz and 45 kHz. This dual-frequency composite vibration is cross-arranged with a specific power density and phase difference, capable of generating a complex and powerful ultrasonic field. The presence of the flow guide vane 25 and the gas distributor 900 makes the distribution of the syngas in the primary scrubbing section 11 more uniform, so that the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can act on the entire area more comprehensively and effectively. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can generate tiny bubbles in the liquid, and when these bubbles burst, they will generate a powerful impact force, which can shake off the impurities deposited on the flow guide vane 25 and the gas distributor 900 and disperse them into the scrubbing liquid, thus achieving the purpose of removing impurities. The cooperation of the three effectively solves the equipment blockage problem and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the scrubbing tower.

[0074] The coordinated operation of the flow guide vane 25, the gas distributor 900, and the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 improves the scrubbing quality and stability of the scrubbing tower in multiple aspects such as gas flow optimization and impurity removal. The flow guide vane 25 and the gas distributor 900 ensure the full contact between the syngas and the scrubbing liquid, improving the impurity removal efficiency. The ultrasonic oscillator array 500 timely removes the impurities that may affect the equipment operation, ensuring the continuity and stability of the scrubbing process. During long-term operation, without the timely cleaning of the ultrasonic oscillator array 500, the impurities on the flow guide vane 25 and the gas distributor 900 will continuously accumulate, resulting in uneven gas flow distribution again and a decrease in scrubbing efficiency. The cooperation of the three can effectively avoid this situation from occurring, keeping the scrubbing tower in a good operating state all the time and providing high-quality purified gas for the subsequent production process.

[0075] In another technical solution, further, the gas distributor 900 is a perforated plate distributor. The holes of the gas distributor 900 are honeycomb-shaped, the pore diameter of the lower plate is 4 - 6 mm, the pore diameter of the upper plate is 1.5 - 2.5 mm, the hole opening rate of the lower plate is 25 - 35%, the hole opening rate of the upper plate is 50 - 70%, the pore channels are arranged at an oblique angle, and are in the same direction as the flow guide plate.

[0076] In the above technical solution, the honeycomb pore structure can make the syngas disperse more evenly and increase the gas-liquid contact area. The larger pore size and 25-35% opening ratio of the lower plate can initially buffer and preliminarily disperse the syngas entering at high speed; the smaller pore size and 50-70% opening ratio of the upper plate can further refine the gas flow, make the gas contact the washing liquid more evenly, and improve the gas washing efficiency. The pore channels are arranged at an oblique angle and in the same direction as the deflector plate, which can reduce the gas flow resistance, reduce energy consumption, ensure the coherence of the gas flow direction at the same time, enhance the gas-liquid mixing effect, and thus more effectively remove impurities in the syngas.

[0077] In particular: in the operation system of the multi-stage collaborative gas washing tower, the pore structure of the gas distributor 900 and the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 do not function independently, but cooperate with each other, resulting in a significant synergistic effect.

[0078] The gas distributor 900 adopts a honeycomb pore structure. The pore size of the lower plate is 4-6 mm and the opening ratio is 25-35%. The pore size of the upper plate is 1.5-2.5 mm and the opening ratio is 50-70%. This can enable the syngas to achieve multi-stage dispersion when passing through the distributor. When the syngas enters the gas washing tower, it first passes through the lower plate. The larger pore size and relatively low opening ratio play a preliminary buffering and dispersing role for the high-speed gas flow, avoiding the gas flow being too concentrated. Subsequently, the gas flow passes through the upper plate. The smaller pore size and higher opening ratio further refine the gas, making it evenly distributed in the washing liquid, greatly increasing the gas-liquid contact area, and improving the capture efficiency of impurities. The 28 kHz and 45 kHz dual-frequency composite vibration generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can form a complex ultrasonic field in the washing liquid. When the gas evenly dispersed by the gas distributor 900 fully contacts the washing liquid, the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic wave can act more effectively on the entire gas-liquid mixing area. The tiny bubbles generated by the cavitation effect release a powerful impact force when they burst, shaking off and dispersing the impurities attached to the gas and the particles suspended in the washing liquid, making the impurities more easily absorbed and removed by the washing liquid. The cooperation of the two significantly improves the impurity removal effect and purifies the syngas more efficiently.

[0079] During the gas scrubbing process, impurities in the gas may gradually deposit in the channels of the gas distributor 900, causing the channels to become blocked, which affects the normal distribution of the gas and the scrubbing efficiency. The vibration generated by the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can be transmitted to the channels of the gas distributor 900 through the scrubbing liquid. Since the channels are arranged at an oblique angle and in the same direction as the baffle plate, the ultrasonic waves can act more uniformly on all parts of the channels, and use their vibration energy to prevent impurities from accumulating in the channels. At the same time, even if a small amount of impurities adhere to the channel walls, the vibration of the ultrasonic waves can loosen and detach them, and be carried away by the scrubbing liquid. In this way, the channels of the gas distributor 900 can always remain unobstructed, ensuring the uniformity and stability of gas distribution. If the channels are blocked, it will lead to uneven gas distribution, with the gas flow rate being too large or too small in some areas, affecting the gas-liquid contact effect and the scrubbing quality. The synergistic effect of the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 and the gas distributor 900 effectively avoids this situation and maintains the efficient operation of the scrubbing tower.

[0080] The synergistic effect of the gas distributor 900 and the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 also has a positive impact on the service life of the equipment. Since the ultrasonic oscillator array 500 can prevent impurities from depositing and blocking in the channels of the gas distributor 900, it reduces the risk of damage to the channels due to blockage and corrosion. At the same time, the uniform gas distribution also reduces the impact and wear of the gas on the distributor and other components. In addition, the improvement of the scrubbing efficiency means that the scrubbing liquid can remove impurities more effectively, reducing the erosion of impurities on the internal components of the entire scrubbing tower. These factors combined together extend the service life of the gas distributor 900 and other related components of the scrubbing tower, reduce the maintenance and replacement costs of the equipment, and improve the reliability and stability of the operation of the scrubbing tower.

[0081] The pore diameter of the lower layer plate of the gas distributor 900 is 4 - 6 mm and the hole opening rate is 25 - 35%. The relatively large pore diameter allows the gas to pass through in a relatively stable state, avoiding the sharp change in gas flow rate and the excessive local pressure caused by too small pore diameter. The low-frequency ultrasonic wave of 28 kHz has strong penetration ability and can cause the vibration of the scrubbing liquid in a large range, making the preliminarily dispersed gas mix better with the scrubbing liquid. During this process, the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic wave will generate a large number of tiny bubbles in the liquid. These bubbles form around the gas and move with the flow of the gas. Since the gas has been preliminarily dispersed, the bubbles can be more evenly distributed around the gas, creating good conditions for subsequent impurity removal. At the same time, the vibration of the low-frequency ultrasonic wave can also loosen some larger impurity particles, facilitating subsequent treatment.

[0082] The aperture of the upper plate is 1.5 - 2.5 mm and the porosity is 50 - 70%, which further refines the gas and makes the gas evenly distributed in the washing liquid in the form of tinier bubbles. At this time, the 45 kHz high-frequency ultrasonic wave begins to play a key role. The high vibration frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave can generate more and smaller cavitation bubbles. The energy released when these tiny cavitation bubbles burst is more concentrated, which can deeply clean the surface of the finely dispersed tiny gas bubbles. Since the gas has been refined, the cavitation effect generated by the high-frequency ultrasonic wave can act more fully on every corner of the gas surface, vibrating off the tiny impurities attached to the gas and dispersing them into the washing liquid. The combination of this multi-stage dispersion and the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves with different frequencies makes the impurity removal more thorough and greatly improves the gas washing efficiency.

[0083] The aperture size of the gas distributor 900 affects the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave in the washing liquid. The relatively large aperture of the lower plate provides a relatively wide propagation channel for the ultrasonic wave, enabling the 28 kHz low-frequency ultrasonic wave to penetrate the gas distributor 900 more smoothly and propagate throughout the washing liquid area. This can ensure that the vibration energy of the low-frequency ultrasonic wave is evenly distributed in the washing liquid, effectively expanding the action range of the ultrasonic cavitation effect. Although the relatively small aperture of the upper plate will pose a certain obstacle to the propagation of the ultrasonic wave, it also causes the ultrasonic wave to scatter and reflect when passing through the aperture. This scattering and reflection phenomenon enables the 45 kHz high-frequency ultrasonic wave to cover more widely around the finely dispersed gas, enhancing the ability of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave to remove impurities on the gas surface.

[0084] The porosity of the lower plate and the porosity of the upper plate are closely related to the energy density of the ultrasonic wave. The lower porosity of the lower plate makes the energy of the ultrasonic wave relatively concentrated when passing through, and can form a stronger cavitation effect around the larger gas bubbles. The higher porosity of the upper plate makes the energy of the ultrasonic wave more dispersed when passing through, and can cover more tiny gas bubbles, ensuring the effective action of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave on each tiny gas bubble. Through this balance between the porosity and the ultrasonic wave energy density, the ultrasonic wave can achieve the best effect in the gas distributor 900 with different apertures, improving the efficiency and uniformity of impurity removal in the gas washing process.

[0085] The pore diameter of the lower plate is relatively large, which can allow some larger impurity particles to pass through, reducing the possibility of large particle impurities accumulating in the pore channels. At the same time, the vibration of the 28 kHz low-frequency ultrasonic wave can generate a certain impact force on these large particle impurities, making it difficult for them to adhere to the pore wall. Even if a small amount of large particle impurities adhere, the vibration of the low-frequency ultrasonic wave can also loosen them and be carried away with the flow of gas and washing liquid, thus effectively preventing the blockage of the pore channels of the lower plate by large particle impurities. Although the small pore diameter of the upper plate is easily blocked by tiny impurities, the 45 kHz high-frequency ultrasonic wave can generate more dense cavitation bubbles. The tiny impact force generated when these cavitation bubbles burst can effectively remove the tiny impurities adhering to the pore wall. The vibration of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave can also form tiny eddies in the pore channels, taking the tiny impurities out of the pore channels and keeping the pore channels of the upper plate unobstructed.

[0086] The pore diameter of the lower plate can fluctuate around 4 - 6 mm. If the pore diameter is less than 4 mm, the resistance when gas passes through will increase significantly, which may lead to uneven gas distribution and affect the preliminary dispersion effect. Even if the ultrasonic effect is enhanced, it is difficult to make up for the problem of poor initial gas distribution. When the pore diameter is greater than 6 mm, although the gas passes through more smoothly, the preliminary dispersion effect will weaken, and the bubbles when the gas enters the washing liquid are too large, which is not conducive to the subsequent uniform action of the ultrasonic cavitation effect on the gas surface and reduces the impurity removal efficiency. The pore diameter of the upper plate can be adjusted between 1.5 - 2.5 mm. When the pore diameter is less than 1.5 mm, on the one hand, it is difficult for gas to pass through, and on the other hand, it is easy to cause pore channel blockage. Even if the high-frequency ultrasonic wave can clean the pore channels, the too small pore diameter will still limit the gas flow rate and dispersion effect. If the pore diameter is greater than 2.5 mm, the gas dispersion is not fine enough, and the cavitation effect of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave cannot fully act on the gas surface, resulting in incomplete impurity removal and affecting the gas washing effect. The opening ratio of the lower plate can fluctuate between 25 - 35%. If the opening ratio is lower than 25%, the gas throughput is limited, affecting the gas washing efficiency; if it is higher than 35%, the preliminary dispersion effect of the lower plate on the gas will weaken, which is not conducive to the synergistic effect with the ultrasonic wave. The opening ratio of the upper plate can be adjusted within the range of 50 - 70%. If the opening ratio is lower than 50%, the gas throughput will decrease, and it will also affect the scattering effect of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave; if it is higher than 70%, the structural strength of the upper plate may be affected, and at the same time, the gas is over-dispersed, and the bubbles are too tiny, which is not conducive to maintaining a stable gas washing process.

[0087] Provide a gas washing method for a multi-stage collaborative gas washing tower, including the following steps: Introduce the syngas into the first liquid pool below the liquid level through the syngas inlet of the first liquid pool for primary washing; Introduce the syngas after primary washing into the distributed washer in the secondary washing section for secondary washing; The syngas after secondary washing is separated by a secondary gas-liquid separator and exported from the syngas outlet of the secondary washing section, completing the gas washing; Among them, the washing liquid for secondary washing is introduced into the second liquid pool under the liquid level through a liquid guiding pipe, and then is introduced into the quench chamber of the gasifier through the second black water outlet and a quench water pump, serving as the quench water for the quench chamber of the gasifier; The syngas in the quench chamber of the gasifier is washed by a Venturi scrubber and then introduced into the syngas inlet of the first liquid pool.

[0088] In the above technical solution, the cleanest washing liquid with the lowest solid content is used to wash the syngas with the lowest ash content in the distributed scrubber (secondary washing section) at the last stage; the washing liquid in the first liquid pool with a medium solid content is used to wash the syngas with a medium ash content in the first liquid pool at the middle stage; the washing liquid in the quench chamber of the gasifier with the highest solid content is used to wash the syngas with the highest ash content in the quench chamber of the gasifier at the first stage. By this way of staged gas washing, the utilization efficiency of the washing liquid is improved. Under the condition of the same flow rate of fresh washing liquid, the dust capture ability of ash particles is maximally enhanced, or in other words, in order to meet the requirement of the dust content rate of the outlet syngas, the flow rate of fresh washing liquid is minimized, and the gas washing effect is excellent. Specifically, the syngas with a high ash content generated in the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier is preliminarily deashed by quench water, and the quench water comes from the second black water outlet, that is, the black water with a low solid content. Then the syngas is connected to the Venturi scrubber 82 through a pipeline, and after washing, it is injected into the first liquid pool 200.

[0089] The syngas with a medium ash content enters the first liquid pool 200 under the liquid level through the syngas inlet 21.

[0090] When the washing liquid in the first liquid pool 200 needs to be replenished, the washing liquid is introduced through the second washing liquid inlet 23. The liquid level sensor installed in the first liquid pool 200 monitors the liquid level in real time. When the liquid level is lower than the set value, the valve of the second washing liquid inlet 23 is automatically opened.

[0091] Treatment of syngas in the secondary washing section 12: The syngas with a low ash content separated by the primary gas-liquid separator in the first liquid pool 200 is transported to the secondary washing section 12 through a pipeline.

[0092] The distributed scrubber 700 introduces fresh washing liquid to conduct secondary washing on the syngas. The installation position of the distributed scrubber 700 should ensure that the washing liquid can be evenly sprayed in the syngas. The washing liquid of the distributed scrubber 700 flows back to the second liquid pool 300 through the liquid guiding pipe 71. When installing the liquid guiding pipe 71, a certain slope should be ensured to facilitate the reflux of the washing liquid. Among them, the distributed scrubber 700 can adopt one or a combination of the following structural forms: 1. Multi-layer trays: By setting up multi-layer trays, the syngas contacts the scrubbing liquid on the trays step by step during the upward process, forming a multi-stage countercurrent scrubbing effect, enhancing the gas-liquid contact efficiency, and effectively removing fine particulate impurities.

[0093] 2. Multiple spray heads uniformly arranged in space: The spray heads are distributed in an array form, covering the cross-section of the scrubbing tower. Through high-pressure spraying, the scrubbing liquid is atomized and uniformly covers the syngas flow, improving the gas-liquid mixing uniformity and enhancing the scrubbing effect.

[0094] 3. The combination of trays and spray heads: Spray heads are added between the tray layers. Combining the liquid film contact of the trays and the atomization effect of the spraying, multi-mode collaborative scrubbing is achieved, further optimizing the impurity removal efficiency.

[0095] The distributed scrubber 700 can be flexibly adjusted according to the dust content of the syngas, the characteristics of the scrubbing liquid, and the process requirements, taking into account both high efficiency and adaptability.

[0096] Make-up of the scrubbing liquid and black water circulation in the second liquid pool 300: A liquid level sensor is installed in the second liquid pool 300. When the liquid level is lower than the safe liquid level, fresh scrubbing liquid is replenished through the third scrubbing liquid inlet 32. After detecting the low liquid level signal, the valve of the third scrubbing liquid inlet 32 is opened.

[0097] The quench water pump 81 circulates the scrubbing liquid at the second black water outlet 31 to the quench water inlet of the gasifier quench chamber 800.

[0098] Liquid level difference adjustment: The overflow holes 41 on the partition plate 400 are automatically adjusted according to the liquid levels of the two liquid pools. When the liquid level of the first liquid pool 200 is higher than that of the second liquid pool 300, the liquid flows into the second liquid pool 300 through the overflow holes 41. Otherwise, the flow stops, maintaining the relative stability of the liquid levels of the two liquid pools.

[0099] Specifically, the ash content grade is defined based on the characteristics of the gas source. The initial state of the syngas generated in the gasifier quench chamber 800 determines the difference in its ash content. From the perspective of the gasification reaction principle, different raw materials, reaction conditions, and gasification processes will result in different amounts of solid particles (ash) in the syngas. In common gasification processes, due to the complex composition of raw materials such as coal and incomplete gasification reactions, a certain amount of ash is generated. Through actual production data statistics and analysis, the syngas just produced from the gasifier quench chamber 800 has a relatively high ash content. The syngas with the highest ash content at this stage is defined as the high ash content grade.

[0100] The ash content grade is divided according to the treatment capacity in the gas scrubbing stage. When the syngas with medium ash content is preliminarily washed in the first liquid pool 200 and then separated by a primary gas-liquid separator, the ash content of the syngas is significantly reduced at this time, but it still contains a certain amount of fine particle impurities. At this stage, it is defined as the syngas with medium ash content. The washing liquid in the first liquid pool 200 and the gas-liquid separation process remove most of the large particles and part of the small particle ash. However, due to the limitations of the washing and separation technologies, not all ash can be completely removed. The distributed scrubber 700 in the subsequent secondary scrubbing section 12 uses fresh washing liquid for deep purification. This washing liquid with low solid content has a targeted purification effect on the syngas with low ash content and can further remove the remaining fine ash particles, thus achieving the refined washing of the syngas.

[0101] The ash content grade is determined in combination with the equipment operation requirements. From the perspectives of the operation stability and service life of the gas scrubbing tower equipment, it is crucial to clarify the ash content grade of the syngas. For example, the quench water pump 81 and the quench water internals in the quench chamber 800 of the gasifier have strict requirements on the solid content of the incoming washing liquid. If the solid content of the washing liquid entering the quench water pump 81 is too high, it will cause increased wear of the pump impeller, decreased conveying efficiency, and even lead to failures. Therefore, the washing liquid of the quench water pump 81 is the second black water in the second liquid pool. Correspondingly, after being treated by the secondary scrubbing section 12, the syngas that meets the requirement of low solid content must also have an extremely low ash content. This requires that during the gas scrubbing process, the ash content grade of the syngas be reasonably divided according to the tolerance of the equipment to the solid content, and appropriate washing methods be adopted at different stages to reduce the ash content of the syngas, meet the equipment operation requirements, and ensure the stable operation of the entire gas scrubbing system.

[0102] <Experimental Part> Example 1 The gas scrubbing tower of the present invention: The ash-containing syngas is introduced into the gas scrubbing tower below the liquid level of the first liquid pool in the primary scrubbing section through the syngas inlet of the gas scrubbing tower. The syngas is evenly distributed to the entire cross-section of the first liquid pool in the gas distributor. After distribution, the syngas fully contacts the washing liquid in the first liquid pool. The ash particles in the syngas are captured by the washing liquid and enter the first liquid pool. The ash-containing black water in the first liquid pool is discharged from the first black water outlet and enters the black water treatment section. During the upward movement of the syngas, the liquid droplets entrained by the syngas fall into the first liquid pool under the action of gravity. The syngas enters the primary gas-liquid separator arranged in the gas phase space of the first liquid pool. After further separating the liquid droplets entrained in the syngas, the syngas enters the secondary scrubbing section.

[0103] In the secondary washing section, clean fresh washing liquid is introduced into the distributed washer through the first washing liquid inlet. The distributed washer can be a multi-layer tray, which further wets and washes the syngas and further captures the ash particles in the syngas into the washing liquid. The washing liquid flows to the guide pipe. After the syngas leaves the distributed washer, it enters the secondary gas-liquid separator. After the liquid droplets entrained in the syngas are separated, the syngas meeting the dust content requirement flows out of the scrubbing tower from the syngas outlet.

[0104] The washing liquid in the secondary washing section flows into the second liquid pool in the primary washing section through the guide pipe. The guide pipe is inserted below the liquid level of the second liquid pool, and a liquid seal is formed through the liquid level and the liquid level at the bottom of the guide pipe to prevent the syngas in the primary washing section from entering the secondary washing section through the guide pipe. The washing liquid in the second liquid pool is discharged from the second black water outlet to the quench water pump and supplied to the quench chamber of the gasifier for scrubbing. After the syngas in the quench chamber of the gasifier is discharged from its syngas outlet, it first enters the Venturi scrubber and is humidified and washed by the washing liquid, and then is introduced into the syngas inlet of the scrubbing tower (primary washing section).

[0105] The first liquid pool and the second liquid pool are separated by a partition board and connected at the top. The partition board is provided with overflow holes with gradually increasing flow rates from bottom to top. Its function is to supplement the washing liquid from the liquid pool with a larger washing liquid inlet flow rate to the liquid pool with a smaller washing liquid inlet flow rate when the inlet and outlet flow rates of the washing liquid in the two liquid pools are unbalanced, so as to maintain the liquid levels of the two liquid pools stable. Moreover, when the difference between the inlet and outlet flow rates of the washing liquid in the two liquid pools is larger, the liquid level difference between the two liquid pools is also larger. The gradually increasing flow rate of the overflow holes on the partition board from bottom to top can ensure that the larger the flow rate of the supplementary washing liquid between the two liquid pools, and in extreme cases, the two liquid pools can supplement the washing liquid with each other through the connected top of the partition board.

[0106] The second washing liquid inlet provided in the first liquid pool and the third washing liquid inlet provided in the second liquid pool are respectively used as the emergency washing liquid supplementary ports for the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool to ensure that the liquid levels of the two liquid pools are above the lowest liquid level, so as to ensure safe operation.

[0107] In this embodiment, the washing liquid brought into the first liquid pool by the syngas and the washing liquid entering from the washing liquid inlet of the Venturi scrubber are the same as the flow rate of the black water discharged from the first black water outlet, and the liquid level of the first liquid pool remains stable; the washing liquid flowing into the second liquid pool through the guide pipe is the same as the flow rate of the quench water discharged from the second black water outlet, and the liquid level of the second liquid pool remains stable; the liquid levels of the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool have not reached the height of the overflow holes, or the net supplementary amount of the washing liquid between the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool is zero.

[0108] <Comparative Example> The comparative example is a traditional scrubbing tower: The traditional scrubbing tower is divided into a primary scrubbing section and a secondary scrubbing section. The secondary scrubbing section has only one liquid pool, and both the first black water outlet and the second black water outlet are set on the only liquid pool, that is, the black water discharged from the first black water outlet and the black water sent to the quench water pump discharged from the second black water outlet both come from the same liquid pool.

[0109] The parameters such as the flow rate and temperature of the syngas entering the quench chamber of the gasifier, the flow rate of the fresh scrubbing liquid of the scrubbing tower, and the black water discharge of the quench chamber of the gasifier and the scrubbing tower in Example 1 and the comparative example are the same. Only because of the different structures of the scrubbing towers, the comparison of the solid content in the liquid pools is shown in Table 1.

[0110] Table 1 Comparison of solid content As can be seen from Table 1, for Example 1, the solid content in the first liquid pool of the scrubbing tower increased from 0.35% to 0.43%, and the solid content of the black water discharged from the scrubbing tower increased; the solid content in the second liquid pool of the scrubbing tower decreased from 0.35% to 0.02%, and the solid content of the scrubbing liquid entering the quench water pump decreased significantly, improving the operating environment of the quench water pump and also improving the working environment of the quench water internals in the quench chamber of the gasifier; the solid content in the quench chamber of the gasifier decreased from 0.72% to 0.55%. Since the quench chamber of the gasifier is the area with the highest temperature in the entire syngas scrubbing system, and due to the intense heat exchange between the high-temperature syngas (700 - 1400 °C) and the quench water, it is very likely that local overheating of the temperature will occur due to uneven heat exchange, and the possibility of scaling is relatively large. The decrease in the solid content in the quench chamber of the gasifier in Example 1 is beneficial to delaying the scaling caused by high temperature and local overheating.

[0111] Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, the flow rate of the syngas entering the quench chamber of the gasifier increases, and it is necessary to increase the quench water amount at the same time, that is, the quench water amount discharged through the second black water outlet of the second liquid pool increases. At this time, the outflow rate of the second liquid pool is greater than the inflow rate, and the liquid level of the second liquid pool drops.

[0112] At the same time, due to the increase in the quench water amount, the amount of liquid brought in by the syngas from the syngas inlet of the first liquid pool increases. At this time, the inflow rate of the first liquid pool is greater than the outflow rate, and the liquid level of the first liquid pool rises.

[0113] The liquid level difference between the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool causes the scrubbing liquid to flow from the first liquid pool into the second liquid pool through the overflow holes on the partition plate, and as the liquid level difference increases or decreases, the flow rate of the scrubbing liquid flowing from the first liquid pool into the second liquid pool increases or decreases. Until the flow rate of the scrubbing liquid flowing from the first liquid pool into the second liquid pool makes the liquid level difference constant and reaches a new balance.

[0114] Example 3 On the basis of Embodiment 1, in order to reduce the heat load of the entire syngas washing system, the flow rate of the black water discharged from the first black water outlet is increased. At this time, the outflow rate of the first liquid pool is greater than the inflow rate, and the liquid level of the first liquid pool drops.

[0115] After the black water discharged from the first black water outlet undergoes heat recovery and fine ash filtration in the black water treatment section, it returns to the first washing liquid inlet as fresh washing liquid. That is, the flow rate of the washing liquid flowing into the first washing liquid inlet increases, causing the flow rate of the washing liquid flowing into the second liquid pool through the liquid guiding pipe to also increase. The inflow rate of the second liquid pool is greater than the outflow rate, and the liquid level of the second liquid pool rises.

[0116] The liquid level difference between the second liquid pool and the first liquid pool causes the washing liquid to flow from the second liquid pool into the first liquid pool through the overflow holes on the partition plate. Moreover, as the liquid level difference increases or decreases, the flow rate of the washing liquid flowing from the second liquid pool into the first liquid pool increases or decreases. Until the flow rate of the washing liquid flowing from the second liquid pool into the first liquid pool makes the liquid level difference constant and a new balance is achieved.

[0117] Embodiment 4 On the basis of Embodiment 2, the liquid level of the second liquid pool drops too fast and has not had time to be replenished with the washing liquid from the first liquid pool. The liquid level of the second liquid pool has dropped to the safety level. Immediately, washing liquid is urgently supplemented into the second liquid pool from the third washing liquid inlet of the second liquid pool to ensure that the liquid level of the second liquid pool is above the lowest liquid level, thereby ensuring safe operation.

[0118] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to only the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to specific details and the illustrated and described examples here.

Claims

1. A multi-stage coordinated scrubber, characterized in that: include: The tower body is provided with a primary washing section and a secondary washing section from bottom to top; The primary washing section comprises: A first liquid pool and a second liquid pool are arranged in parallel, a partition plate is provided between the first liquid pool and the second liquid pool, and a plurality of overflow holes are provided on the partition plate; The first liquid pool is provided with a synthesis gas inlet and extends below the liquid surface and has a first black water outlet at the bottom; A second black water outlet is provided at the bottom of the second liquid pool; The secondary washing section comprises: A secondary gas-liquid separator at the top, a distributed scrubber located below the secondary gas-liquid separator, a liquid guide pipe connecting the liquid outlet of the distributed scrubber to the liquid surface below the second liquid pool, a scrubbing liquid inlet on the secondary scrubbing section and a synthesis gas outlet located above the secondary gas-liquid separator.

2. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Furthermore, the diameters of the overflow holes on the partition plate increase step by step from bottom to top, and a communication channel is formed between the top of the partition plate and the inner wall of the tower body.

3. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Furthermore, a primary gas-liquid separator is provided on the upper portion of the first liquid pool.

4. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Furthermore, The second black water outlet is connected to a chilled water pump via a pipeline; The synthesis gas inlet of the first liquid pool is connected to the gas outlet of the venturi scrubber through a pipeline, and the gas inlet of the venturi scrubber is connected to the synthesis gas outlet of the quench chamber of the gasifier; The outlet of the quenching water pump is connected to the quenching water inlet of the quenching chamber of the gasifier; The gasifier quenching chamber is provided with a black water discharge port and an ash outlet, and the venturi scrubber is provided with a scrubbing liquid injection port.

5. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: Furthermore, the end of the extension pipe of the synthesis gas inlet is immersed in the liquid surface of the first liquid pool to a depth of ≥500 mm; A U-shaped bend with a vertical height of ≥100 mm is provided in the middle of the liquid guiding tube, and the end thereof extends below the liquid surface of the second liquid pool.

6. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: Furthermore, a second washing liquid inlet is provided on the side wall of the first liquid pool, and a third washing liquid inlet is provided on the side wall of the second liquid pool. The second washing liquid inlet and the third washing liquid inlet are both configured as emergency liquid replenishing ports.

7. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 4, characterized in that: Furthermore, a guide vane is provided in the synthetic gas inlet extension pipe, and a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer is plated on the surface of the guide vane, wherein the guide vane includes a first spiral segment with a pitch of 55-65 mm and a second spiral segment with a pitch of 35-45 mm, and a curved transition connection is adopted at the connection between the first spiral segment and the second spiral segment; The spacing of the guide blades is Regular changes, where x is the axial position, L is the length of the extension tube, The value range is 35-85mm.

8. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 7, characterized in that: Furthermore, it also includes: A gas distributor, which is connected to the end of the synthetic gas inlet extension pipe, and a pressure sensor is provided at the inlet end of the gas distributor to detect the inlet pressure of the gas distributor; An ultrasonic vibrator array is arranged on the outer wall of the outer side of the primary washing section through an installation bracket, and the gas distributor is located within the action range of the ultrasonic vibrator array. The ultrasonic vibrator array generates 28kHz and 45kHz dual-frequency composite vibrations, which are arranged in a cross manner with a phase difference of 90°. When the inlet pressure of the gas distributor exceeds a preset threshold, the ultrasonic vibrator array is started.

9. The multi-stage coordinated scrubber according to claim 8, characterized in that: Furthermore, the gas distributor is a porous plate distributor, the holes of the gas distributor are honeycomb-shaped, the pore size of the lower plate is 4-6mm, the pore size of the upper plate is 1.5-2.5mm, the opening rate of the lower plate is 25-35%, and the opening rate of the upper plate is 50-70%, the channels are arranged at an oblique angle and are consistent with the direction of the guide plate.

10. The scrubbing method of a multi-stage cooperative scrubbing tower according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Introducing the synthesis gas into the first liquid pool below the liquid surface through the synthesis gas inlet of the first liquid pool for primary washing; The synthesis gas after the primary scrubbing is introduced into the distributed scrubber of the secondary scrubbing section for secondary scrubbing; The synthesis gas after secondary washing is separated by a secondary gas-liquid separator and guided out from the synthesis gas outlet of the secondary washing section to complete the gas washing; The washing liquid from the secondary washing is introduced into the second liquid pool below the liquid surface through the liquid guide pipe, and then introduced into the gasifier quenching chamber through the second black water outlet and the quenching water pump to serve as quenching water for the gasifier quenching chamber; The synthesis gas from the quenching chamber of the gasifier is washed by the Venturi scrubber and then introduced into the synthesis gas inlet of the first liquid pool.

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