Solar thermoelectric coupling heat collector capable of enhancing heat exchange

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar thermoelectric coupling heat collector capable of enhancing heat exchange, and belongs to the technical field of solar thermoelectric coupling. Comprising an outer package, a solar thermoelectric coupling unit is arranged on the inner side of the outer package, and a transparent window is arranged on the outer package; the solar thermoelectric coupling unit comprises a first phase change skeleton, a heat absorption plate, a second phase change skeleton, a heat insulation frame seat, a photovoltaic cell and a bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, and a first PCM phase change filler is injected into the first phase change skeleton; a row of convex ribs are punched on the heat absorbing plate; the heat absorbing plate is arranged between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; a second PCM phase change filler is injected into the second phase change framework; the phase change critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is lower than that of the first PCM phase change filler; according to the solar thermoelectric coupling heat collector capable of enhancing heat exchange, through a heat collection and energy storage mode, the electricity output per day can be increased, and the service life of a photovoltaic cell can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a solar thermoelectric coupling collector for enhanced heat transfer, belonging to the technical field of solar thermoelectric coupling. Background Art

[0002] Solar cells can directly generate electricity based on the photovoltaic effect. Various solar power plants and distributed solar power generation systems have been gradually popularized, providing considerable electrical energy output. However, due to structural and material limitations, only a small part of the incident solar energy can be absorbed by the solar cells and converted into electrical energy, and most of the remaining solar energy ultimately becomes heat energy, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the cells. This is not only a waste of energy but also reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. In response to this, a solar - hot water (PV - T) system has been proposed, which uses water to cool the back of the solar cell to reduce the temperature of the solar cell, and at the same time, the heated cooling water can be utilized. For example, the Chinese patent authorization publication number: CN108599722B discloses a solar - thermoelectric coupling system that can achieve temperature control and heat utilization, including a Fresnel lens, a solar cell, a hot water loop, a thermoelectric device, a cold water loop, and a temperature control unit. This structure can control the system temperature at a preset value and weaken the influence of solar irradiance fluctuations on the system power generation efficiency. However, this structure is prone to heat energy waste and requires an additional electronic control system to eliminate the problem of too rapid temperature rise, resulting in additional electrical energy and hardware cost expenditures. Moreover, the first water pump is in a frequently opened and closed state for a long time, otherwise it will affect the power generation efficiency and service life of the solar cell. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a solar thermoelectric coupling collector for enhanced heat transfer, which can improve the daily power generation and extend the service life of photovoltaic cells through a heat collection and energy storage method.

[0004] The solar thermoelectric coupling collector for enhanced heat transfer of the present invention includes an outer package. A solar thermoelectric coupling unit is arranged inside the outer package, and a transparent window is arranged on the outer package. The transparent window can receive solar energy and transfer the solar energy to the solar thermoelectric coupling unit. The solar thermoelectric coupling unit includes: A first phase - change skeleton, which includes a first square tube cavity and a second square tube cavity. A row of flow - through pipes is fixedly spaced between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity. The flow - through pipes are arranged at the lower parts of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity. The first phase - change skeleton is filled with a first PCM phase - change filler. A heat - absorbing plate, on which a row of convex ribs is stamped. The heat - absorbing plate is arranged between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity. The flow - through pipes are fixed to the bottom surface of the heat - absorbing plate by brazing and are arranged between adjacent convex ribs. Second phase change skeleton, the second phase change skeleton includes two double-ended sealed busbars, and a row of flat tubes are fixedly spaced between the two busbars. The bottom of the flat tube is attached to the space between two adjacent ribs through a heat insulation pad; the busbars are thermally connected to the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; the second phase change skeleton is filled with a second PCM phase change filler; the phase change critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is lower than that of the first PCM phase change filler; Heat insulation frame base, the heat insulation frame base is arranged between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity and is clamped with the ribs of the heat absorption plate; the heat insulation frame base can limit and protect the first phase change skeleton and the second phase change skeleton. At the same time, it can facilitate the sealing of the outside of the photovoltaic cell; Photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell is embedded inside the heat insulation frame base, and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell is attached to the top surfaces of the flat tubes and the ribs; Bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, the heat absorption surface of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module is press-fitted and fixed to the bottom surface of the rib; the heat absorption surface of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module is directly attached to the bottom surface of the rib without a protective ceramic; there is no heat transfer resistance, which strengthens heat transfer; thus, the heat of the photovoltaic cell can be quickly transferred to the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module.

[0005] The working process of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit is as follows: When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell is lower than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell through the second PCM phase change filler; when the temperature of the second PCM phase change filler approaches the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell, heat in the first PCM phase change filler is transferred to the second PCM phase change filler, and heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell through the second PCM phase change filler; When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, the heat of the photovoltaic cell is absorbed by the second PCM phase change filler. The vaporized second PCM phase change filler is transferred to both ends of the flat tube and exchanges heat with the first PCM phase change filler. The second PCM phase change filler that has completed heat exchange and liquefaction returns to the flat tube to absorb heat from the photovoltaic cell; when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell continues to rise, all the second PCM phase change filler is vaporized; the internal air pressure of the second phase change skeleton increases, causing the temperature of the second phase change skeleton to rise steadily and continuously exchange heat with the first PCM phase change filler. The heat is absorbed by the first PCM phase change filler, reducing the temperature rise rate of the photovoltaic cell; at the same time, heat exchange is continuously carried out through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module to inhibit the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell, so that the photovoltaic cell is in the temperature range of the best working state, prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic cell and ensuring the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell; the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module continuously performs thermoelectric conversion and continuously outputs electrical energy; When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler still continuously absorbs heat, exchanges heat continuously through the first PCM phase change filler and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, and discharges the heat to the outside of the outer package, thereby restricting the temperature of the photovoltaic cell; enabling the photovoltaic cell to be in the optimal working temperature range, prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic cell and ensuring the electric energy output of the photovoltaic cell; When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell drops to the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler continuously releases heat, transfers the heat to the heat absorption end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module through the heat absorption plate, and continuously performs thermoelectric conversion through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, thereby discharging the heat stored in the first PCM phase change filler to the outside of the outer package; and prolonging the continuous power output time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module.

[0006] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module are connected to the energy storage device through the charging management unit; the photovoltaic cell is in the optimal working temperature range, which can ensure the electric energy output of the photovoltaic cell; at the same time, the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module can prolong the thermoelectric conversion time and the continuous power output time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module; thereby being able to increase the daily generated electric energy.

[0007] Furthermore, an alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer is deposited on the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate and the photovoltaic cell; a heat-conducting paste is coated on the top surface of the convex rib of the heat absorption plate, a heat-conducting paste is coated on the top surface of the flat tube, and the heat-conducting paste is laminated with the alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer; a sealant is coated between the photovoltaic cell and the heat insulation frame base; a heat-conducting paste is provided between the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module and the convex rib; the alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer can conduct heat and at the same time can perform electrical insulation to avoid short circuits between the photovoltaic cell and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module; the heat transfer resistance between the photovoltaic cell and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module can be greatly reduced through the heat-conducting paste, improving the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic cell and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module.

[0008] Furthermore, a rubber enclosure is adhesively bonded to the outside of the photovoltaic cell, the bottom surface of the rubber enclosure is adhesively bonded to the top surface of the heat insulation frame base, and a sealant is coated between the rubber enclosure and the photovoltaic cell; through the heat absorption plate, the heat insulation frame base and the rubber enclosure, a closed space can be formed for the photovoltaic cell; avoiding heat radiation into the outer package.

[0009] Furthermore, the phase change critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler is 30 - 55 °C; the phase change critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is 5 - 15 °C.

[0010] Further, the bottom of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module is fixed to the water-cooled heat dissipation plate. An internal flow channel is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled heat dissipation plate opposite to the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module; a partition groove is provided on the water-cooled heat dissipation plate between adjacent internal flow channels; both ends of the internal flow channel are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid discharge pipe; the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid discharge pipe are connected to the water-cooled circulation system; the cold medium is pumped into the liquid inlet pipe through the water-cooled circulation system and enters the internal flow channel of the water-cooled heat dissipation plate; thus, it directly absorbs the heat of the heat dissipation end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, increasing the temperature difference between the heat absorption end and the heat dissipation end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module; when the temperature difference is increased, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be greatly improved. At the same time, the photovoltaic cell can be better controlled to avoid excessive temperature affecting the electric energy output efficiency of the photovoltaic cell.

[0011] Further, a heat conduction film is adhered to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell through a heat conduction adhesive. Through the heat conduction film, the temperature difference between the flat tubes and the convex ribs on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell can be balanced.

[0012] Further, notch openings are provided on the mutually adjacent sides of the outer layers of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity. The manifold tube is embedded inside the notch openings, and the fitting position between the manifold tube and the notch openings is sealed by welding; heat exchange between the first PCM phase change filler and the second PCM phase change filler can be achieved through the manifold tube.

[0013] Further, the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity are sandwich tube cavities. The notch openings are provided on the outer layers of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity. The manifold tube is embedded inside the notch openings, and the fitting position between the manifold tube and the notch openings is sealed by welding; the inner cavity of the sandwich tube cavity is communicated with the manifold tube; the manifold tube is embedded inside the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity, and the fitting position is sealed by welding; the flow channel tube is communicated with the outer cavity of the sandwich tube cavity; the inner cavity of the sandwich tube cavity is communicated with the external tube bin at a high position through a switching valve; the second PCM phase change filler includes a low-temperature PCM phase change filler and a high-temperature PCM phase change filler; the ratio of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler to the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 1:1 to 2; the phase change critical temperature of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler is 10 to 15 °C; the phase change critical temperature of the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 20 to 25 °C.

[0014] The working process of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit is as follows: When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell is lower than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell through the second PCM phase change filler; when the temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is close to the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell, the heat inside the first PCM phase change filler is transferred to the second PCM phase change filler, and heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell through the second PCM phase change filler. When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, the second PCM phase change filler absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic cell. The low-temperature PCM phase change filler is vaporized, and the high-temperature PCM phase change filler continues to absorb heat. The vaporized low-temperature PCM phase change filler and the high-temperature PCM phase change filler carrying heat are transferred to both ends of the flat tube and exchange heat with the second PCM phase change filler stored in the inner cavity. The second PCM phase change filler transfers the heat to the first PCM phase change filler. The high-temperature PCM phase change filler after heat exchange and the liquefied low-temperature PCM phase change filler re-absorb heat from the photovoltaic cell. When the temperature of the photovoltaic cell continues to rise, all the second PCM phase change filler is vaporized. The switch valve is closed and it enters the external pipe warehouse. At this time, only the high-temperature PCM phase change filler continuously transfers heat to the inner cavity and exchanges heat with the first PCM phase change filler. At the same time, the temperature rise rate of the photovoltaic cell is reduced. At the same time, the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module continuously exchanges heat to inhibit the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell, so that the photovoltaic cell is in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell and ensuring the power output of the photovoltaic cell. The bismuth telluride thermoelectric module continuously performs thermoelectric conversion and continuously outputs electric energy. When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler still continuously absorbs heat, absorbs heat through the first PCM phase change filler and continuously exchanges heat with the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, and discharges the heat to the outside of the outer package, thereby restricting the temperature of the photovoltaic cell. Make the photovoltaic cell in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extend the service life of the photovoltaic cell and ensure the power output of the photovoltaic cell. When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell drops to the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler continuously releases heat, transfers the heat to the heat absorption end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module through the heat absorption plate, and continuously performs thermoelectric conversion through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, thereby discharging the heat stored in the first PCM phase change filler to the outside of the outer package. And extend the continuous power output time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module.

[0015] Further, the second PCM phase change filler further includes heat-conducting oil, and the heat-conducting oil accounts for 20-30% of the total amount of the second PCM phase change filler. The heat-conducting oil can increase the heat transfer rate between the photovoltaic cell and the first PCM phase change filler.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the enhanced heat transfer solar thermoelectric coupling collector of the present invention can achieve heat collection and energy storage for photovoltaic cells, reduce the temperature rise rate of photovoltaic cells through PCM phase change filler, and continuously exhaust heat through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module to control the photovoltaic cells within the optimal working temperature range. In addition, by releasing heat through the PCM phase change filler, the temperature of the photovoltaic cells can be prevented from being too low at low temperatures; and the continuous working time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module can be extended, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be guaranteed. Through the heat collection and energy storage method, the daily power generation can be increased, and the service life of the photovoltaic cells can be extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first phase change framework of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first phase change framework and the heat absorption plate of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first phase change framework, the heat absorption plate and the heat insulation frame base of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the heat absorption plate, the heat insulation frame base and the thermal paste of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second phase change framework of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first phase change framework, the heat absorption plate, the heat insulation frame base and the second phase change framework of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit and the rubber enclosure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the transverse cross-sectional structure of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water-cooled heat dissipation plate of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first square tube cavity, the second square tube cavity, the flat tube, the manifold and the external tube bin of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1. outer package, 2. transparent window, 3. first square tube cavity, 4. second square tube cavity, 5. flow channel tube, 6. heat absorption plate, 7. convex rib, 8. manifold, 9. flat tube, 10. thermal insulation pad, 11. thermal insulation frame seat, 12. photovoltaic cell, 13. bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, 14. alumina insulating thermal conductive layer, 15. rubber enclosure, 16. water-cooled heat sink, 17. internal flow channel, 18. partition, 19. liquid inlet pipe, 20. liquid discharge pipe, 21. notch, 22. external tube warehouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiment 1: like Figures 1 to 11 The solar thermoelectric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange shown in the figure comprises an outer package 1, a solar thermoelectric coupling unit is arranged inside the outer package 1, and a transparent window 2 is arranged on the outer package 1; the transparent window 2 can receive solar energy and transfer the solar energy to the solar thermoelectric coupling unit, and the solar thermoelectric coupling unit comprises: A first phase change skeleton, the first phase change skeleton comprises a first square tube cavity 3 and a second square tube cavity 4, a row of flow channel tubes 5 are fixedly arranged between the first square tube cavity 3 and the second square tube cavity 4; the flow channel tubes 5 are arranged at the lower part of the first square tube cavity 3 and the second square tube cavity 4; the first phase change skeleton is filled with a first PCM phase change filler; A heat absorbing plate 6, on which a row of convex ribs 7 are punched; the heat absorbing plate 6 is arranged between the first square tube cavity 3 and the second square tube cavity 4; the flow channel tube 5 is fixed to the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate 6 by brazing, and is arranged between adjacent convex ribs 7; The second phase change skeleton comprises two double-end sealed manifolds 8, a row of flat tubes 9 are fixedly arranged between the two manifolds 8, and the bottom of the flat tubes 9 is attached to between two adjacent convex ribs 7 through a heat insulation pad 10; the manifold 8 is thermally connected to the first square tube cavity 3 and the second square tube cavity 4; the second phase change skeleton is filled with a second PCM phase change filler; the phase change critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is lower than the phase change critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler; The heat-insulating frame seat 11 is disposed between the first square tube cavity 3 and the second square tube cavity 4, and is engaged with the convex rib 7 of the heat-absorbing plate 6; the heat-insulating frame seat 11 can limit and protect the first phase change skeleton and the second phase change skeleton, and at the same time, can facilitate the sealing of the outside of the photovoltaic cell 12; Photovoltaic cell 12, the photovoltaic cell 12 is embedded in the inner side of the heat insulation frame 11, and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 is attached to the top surface of the flat tube 9 and the convex rib 7; The bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13, the heat absorption surface of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 is press-fitted and fixed to the bottom surface of the rib 7; the heat absorption surface of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 is directly attached to the bottom surface of the rib 7, without a protective ceramic and without a heat transfer resistance, strengthening the heat transfer; thus, the heat of the photovoltaic cell 12 can be quickly transferred to the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13.

[0032] The working process of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit is as follows: When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 is lower than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, the heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell 12 through the second PCM phase change filler; when the temperature of the second PCM phase change filler approaches the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12, the heat in the first PCM phase change filler is transferred to the second PCM phase change filler, and the heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell 12 through the second PCM phase change filler; When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, the heat of the photovoltaic cell 12 is absorbed through the second PCM phase change filler, and the vaporized second PCM phase change filler is transferred to both ends of the flat tube 9 and exchanges heat with the first PCM phase change filler. The second PCM phase change filler that has completed heat exchange and liquefaction returns to the flat tube 9 to absorb heat from the photovoltaic cell 12; when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12 continues to rise, all the second PCM phase change filler is vaporized; the air pressure inside the second phase change skeleton increases, causing the temperature of the second phase change skeleton to rise steadily and continuously exchange heat with the first PCM phase change filler. The heat is absorbed by the first PCM phase change filler, reducing the temperature rise rate of the photovoltaic cell 12; at the same time, heat exchange is continuously carried out through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 to inhibit the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell 12, so that the photovoltaic cell 12 is in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell 12 and ensuring the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell 12; the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 continuously performs thermoelectric conversion and continuously outputs electrical energy; When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler still continuously absorbs heat, absorbs heat through the first PCM phase change filler and continuously exchanges heat with the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13, and discharges the heat to the outside of the outer package 1, thereby restricting the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12; making the photovoltaic cell 12 in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell 12 and ensuring the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell 12; When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 drops to the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler continuously releases heat, transfers the heat to the heat absorption end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 through the heat absorption plate 6, and continuously performs thermoelectric conversion through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13, thereby discharging the heat stored in the first PCM phase change filler to the outside of the outer package 1; and extending the continuous output time of electrical energy of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13.

[0033] The photovoltaic cell 12 and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 are connected to the energy storage device through a charging management unit; the photovoltaic cell 12 is in the optimal operating temperature range, which can ensure the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell 12; at the same time, the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 can extend the thermoelectric conversion time and the continuous electrical energy output time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13; thereby, the daily electrical energy output can be increased.

[0034] An alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 is deposited on the bottom surface of the heat absorption plate 6 and the photovoltaic cell 12; a heat-conducting paste is coated on the top surface of the rib 7 of the heat absorption plate 6, and a heat-conducting paste is coated on the top surface of the flat tube 9, and the heat-conducting paste is pressed against the alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer 14; a sealant is coated between the photovoltaic cell 12 and the heat insulation frame base 11; a heat-conducting paste is provided between the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 and the rib 7; the alumina insulating and heat-conducting layer 14 can conduct heat and at the same time can perform electrical insulation to prevent the photovoltaic cell 12 and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 from short-circuiting; through the heat-conducting paste, the transfer thermal resistance between the photovoltaic cell 12 and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 can be greatly reduced, and the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic cell 12 and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 can be improved.

[0035] A rubber enclosure 15 is adhesively bonded to the outside of the photovoltaic cell 12, the bottom surface of the rubber enclosure 15 is adhesively bonded to the top surface of the heat insulation frame base 11, and a sealant is coated between the rubber enclosure 15 and the photovoltaic cell 12; through the heat absorption plate 6, the heat insulation frame base 11 and the rubber enclosure 15, a closed space can be formed for the photovoltaic cell 12; heat radiation to the inside of the outer package 1 can be avoided.

[0036] The phase change critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler is 30~55 °C; the phase change critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is 5~15 °C.

[0037] The bottom of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 is fixed to the water-cooled heat dissipation plate 16, and an internal flow channel 17 is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled heat dissipation plate 16 directly opposite to the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13; a partition groove 18 is provided on the water-cooled heat dissipation plate 16 between adjacent internal flow channels 17; both ends of the internal flow channel 17 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipe 19 and the liquid discharge pipe 20; the liquid inlet pipe 19 and the liquid discharge pipe 20 are connected to the water-cooled circulation system; through the water-cooled circulation system, the cold medium is pumped into the liquid inlet pipe 19 and enters the internal flow channel 17 of the water-cooled heat dissipation plate 16; thereby, the heat at the heat dissipation end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 is directly absorbed, and the temperature difference between the heat absorption end and the heat dissipation end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 is increased; when the temperature difference is increased, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be greatly improved, and at the same time, the photovoltaic cell 12 can be better controlled to avoid the influence of too high temperature on the electrical energy output efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 12.

[0038] A heat-conducting film is adhesively bonded to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 through a heat-conducting adhesive, and through the heat-conducting film, the temperature difference between the flat tube 9 and the rib 7 on the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 can be balanced.

[0039] On one side where the outer layers of the first square lumen 3 and the second square lumen 4 are close to each other, a notch 21 is formed. The manifold 8 is embedded inside the notch 21, and the fitting position between the manifold 8 and the notch 21 is sealed by welding. Heat exchange between the first PCM phase change filler and the second PCM phase change filler can be achieved through the manifold 8.

[0040] Embodiment 2: As Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown in the enhanced heat transfer solar thermoelectric coupling collector, the first square lumen 3 and the second square lumen 4 are sandwich lumens. The notch 21 is formed in the outer layers of the first square lumen 3 and the second square lumen 4. The manifold 8 is embedded inside the notch 21, and the fitting position between the manifold 8 and the notch 21 is sealed by welding. The inner cavity of the sandwich lumen is communicated with the manifold 8. The manifold 8 is embedded inside the first square lumen 3 and the second square lumen 4, and the fitting position is sealed by welding. The flow channel pipe 5 is communicated with the outer cavity of the sandwich lumen. The inner cavity of the sandwich lumen is communicated with the high-level external pipe bin 22 through a switching valve. The second PCM phase change filler includes a low-temperature PCM phase change filler and a high-temperature PCM phase change filler. The ratio of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler to the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 1:1 to 2. The phase change critical temperature of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler is 10 to 15 °C. The phase change critical temperature of the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 20 to 25 °C.

[0041] The working process of the solar thermoelectric coupling unit is as follows: When the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12 is lower than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell 12 through the second PCM phase change filler. When the temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is close to the temperature of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell 12, the heat inside the first PCM phase change filler is transferred to the second PCM phase change filler, and heat is transferred to the photovoltaic cell 12 through the second PCM phase change filler. When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12 reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the second PCM phase change filler, the heat of the photovoltaic cell 12 is absorbed by the second PCM phase change filler, the low-temperature PCM phase change filler is vaporized, and the high-temperature PCM phase change filler continuously absorbs heat; the vaporized low-temperature PCM phase change filler and the high-temperature PCM phase change filler carrying heat are transferred to both ends of the flat tube 9 and exchange heat with the second PCM phase change filler stored in the inner cavity, and the second PCM phase change filler transfers the heat to the first PCM phase change filler; the high-temperature PCM phase change filler after heat exchange and the liquefied low-temperature PCM phase change filler absorb heat from the photovoltaic cell 12 again; when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12 continues to rise, all the second PCM phase change filler is vaporized; the switch valve is closed and it enters the external tube bin 22. At this time, only the high-temperature PCM phase change filler continuously transfers heat to the inner cavity and exchanges heat with the first PCM phase change filler; at the same time, the temperature rise rate of the photovoltaic cell 12 is reduced; at the same time, heat exchange is continuously carried out through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 to inhibit the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell 12, so that the photovoltaic cell 12 is in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell 12 and ensuring the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell 12; the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 continuously performs thermoelectric conversion and continuously outputs electrical energy; When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12 reaches or is higher than the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler still continuously absorbs heat, absorbs heat through the first PCM phase change filler and continuously exchanges heat through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13, and discharges the heat to the outside of the outer package 1, thereby restricting the temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12; making the photovoltaic cell 12 in the temperature range of the optimal working state, extending the service life of the photovoltaic cell 12 and ensuring the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic cell 12; When the bottom surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell 12 drops to the critical temperature of the first PCM phase change filler, the first PCM phase change filler continuously releases heat, transfers the heat to the heat absorption end of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13 through the heat absorption plate 6, and continuously performs thermoelectric conversion through the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13, thereby discharging the heat stored in the first PCM phase change filler to the outside of the outer package 1; and extending the continuous power output time of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module 13.

[0042] The second PCM phase change filler further includes heat-conducting oil, and the heat-conducting oil accounts for 20-30% of the total amount of the second PCM phase change filler; the heat-conducting oil can increase the heat transfer rate between the photovoltaic cell 12 and the first PCM phase change filler.

[0043] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structures, features and principles described in the scope of the present invention application are included in the scope of the present invention application.

Claims

1. A solar thermoelectric coupling collector for enhanced heat exchange, comprising an outer package, a solar thermoelectric coupling unit is arranged inside the outer package, and a transparent window is arranged on the outer package; characterized in that: The solar thermal electric coupling unit comprises: A first phase change skeleton, the first phase change skeleton comprises a first square tube cavity and a second square tube cavity, a row of flow channel tubes are fixedly arranged between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; the flow channel tubes are arranged at the lower part of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; the first phase change skeleton is filled with a first PCM phase change filler; A heat absorbing plate, wherein a row of convex ribs are punched on the heat absorbing plate; the heat absorbing plate is arranged between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; the flow channel tube is fixed to the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate by brazing, and is arranged between adjacent convex ribs; A second phase change skeleton, wherein the second phase change skeleton comprises two double-end sealed manifolds, a row of flat tubes are fixedly arranged between the two manifolds, and the bottom of the flat tubes is attached to between two adjacent convex ribs through a heat insulating pad; the manifold is thermally connected to the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity; a second PCM phase change filler is filled inside the second phase change skeleton; the critical phase change temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is lower than the critical phase change temperature of the first PCM phase change filler; A heat-insulating frame seat, which is disposed between the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity and is engaged with the convex ribs of the heat-absorbing plate; Photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic cells are embedded in the inner side of the heat-insulating frame, and the bottom surface of the photovoltaic cells is attached to the flat tube and the top surface of the convex rib; A bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, wherein the heat absorption surface of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module is pressed and fixed to the bottom surface of the convex rib.

2. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell and the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module are connected to the power storage device through a charging management unit.

3. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating thermal conductive layer of aluminum oxide is deposited on the bottom surface of the heat absorbing plate and the photovoltaic cell; a thermal conductive paste is coated on the top surface of the convex rib of the heat absorbing plate, and a thermal conductive paste is coated on the top surface of the flat tube, and the thermal conductive paste is pressed with the insulating thermal conductive layer of aluminum oxide; a sealant is coated between the photovoltaic cell and the insulation frame seat; and a thermal conductive paste is arranged between the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module and the convex rib.

4. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber enclosure is bonded to the outside of the photovoltaic cell, the bottom surface of the rubber enclosure is bonded to the top surface of the heat insulation frame seat, and sealant is coated between the rubber enclosure and the photovoltaic cell.

5. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The critical phase change temperature of the first PCM phase change filler is 30-55°C; the critical phase change temperature of the second PCM phase change filler is 5-15°C.

6. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module is fixed to a water-cooled heat sink, and an internal flow channel is provided on the upper part of the water-cooled heat sink facing the bismuth telluride thermoelectric module; the water-cooled heat sink is provided with partitions between adjacent internal flow channels; the two ends of the internal flow channel are respectively connected to a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid discharge pipe; the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid discharge pipe are connected to a water cooling circulation system.

7. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the photovoltaic cell is bonded with a heat-conducting film by heat-conducting adhesive.

8. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layers of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity are provided with notches on one side close to each other, the manifold is embedded in the inner side of the notch, and the manifold and the notch are sealed and welded together.

9. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity are sandwich tube cavities, the notch is opened in the outer layer of the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity, the manifold is embedded in the inner side of the notch, and the manifold and the notch are sealed and welded at the fitting position; the inner cavity of the sandwich tube cavity is connected with the manifold; the manifold is embedded in the first square tube cavity and the second square tube cavity, and the fitting position is sealed and welded; the flow channel tube is connected with the outer cavity of the sandwich tube cavity; the inner cavity of the sandwich tube cavity is connected with the high-position external pipe warehouse through a switch valve; the second PCM phase change filler includes a low-temperature PCM phase change filler and a high-temperature PCM phase change filler; the ratio of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler to the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 1:1~2; the critical phase change temperature of the low-temperature PCM phase change filler is 10~15℃; the critical phase change temperature of the high-temperature PCM phase change filler is 20~25℃.

10. The solar thermal-electric coupling collector with enhanced heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second PCM phase change filler also includes heat transfer oil, and the heat transfer oil accounts for 20-30% of the total amount of the second PCM phase change filler.

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