Ceramic solar heat collector for plateau area and using method of ceramic solar heat collector

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic solar heat collector for a plateau area and a using method of the ceramic solar heat collector, and relates to the technical field of solar heat utilization. According to the ceramic solar heat collector for the plateau area and the using method of the ceramic solar heat collector, the ceramic solar heat collector comprises a ceramic base body, the ceramic base body is composed of, by mass, 30%-50% of vanadium extraction tailings, 45%-65% of kaolin and 3%-5% of silicate binder, the content of Fe2O3 in the vanadium extraction tailings is larger than or equal to 25%, the content of TiO2 in the vanadium extraction tailings is larger than or equal to 8%, and the vanadium extraction tailings are sintered at the temperature of 1200 DEG C-1300 DEG C to form a porous honeycomb structure; through the synergistic effect of material formula optimization, structure innovation and an intelligent control method, remarkable breakthrough is achieved in the aspects of weather resistance, heat efficiency and economical efficiency of the plateau solar heat collector. The ceramic matrix adopts a vanadium extraction tailing and kaolin composite formula, a porous honeycomb structure is formed through high-temperature sintering, the initial heat absorption rate reaches 96.3%, the absorption rate is only reduced by 0.8% after ultraviolet ray accelerated aging is carried out for 5000 hours, and compared with a traditional copper-aluminum coating (reduced by 13.7%), the coating has remarkable advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to solar thermal utilization technology, and specifically to a ceramic-based solar collector applicable to plateau regions and its installation, operation and maintenance methods. Background Art

[0002] Due to its unique geographical and climatic conditions, the plateau region poses severe challenges to the performance of solar collectors; strong ultraviolet radiation (30%-50% stronger than that in plains) causes the heat-absorbing coating of traditional metal collectors to age rapidly. The absorptance of copper-aluminum composite pipes decays by more than 15% in the accelerated aging test, and the environment with a day-night temperature difference of 40°C exacerbates the thermal stress fatigue of materials, resulting in frequent problems of channel cracking during freeze-thaw cycles; in addition, the low-pressure environment (only 50%-60% of that in plains) significantly increases convective heat loss. The vacuum degree of traditional vacuum tube collectors drops rapidly due to the failure of glass-metal sealing, and the heat loss coefficient increases by more than 40% within three years; complex terrains (such as mountains with a slope > 25%) further limit the installation efficiency of fixed bracket collectors. The time-consuming manual adjustment increases exponentially, and the high maintenance requirements (such as frequent cleaning and anti-freezing energy consumption) are difficult to meet the needs of the plateau region in terms of economy and practicality.

[0003] Although existing technologies have tried to address some problems through material improvement and structural optimization, a systematic solution has not been formed; metal-based collectors rely on electric tracing for anti-freezing, with an energy consumption as high as 80W / m 2 , and the annual operating cost surges by 35%-50%. Moreover, local overheating of the tracing belt is likely to cause coating peeling; although traditional black ceramic collectors are resistant to ultraviolet rays, their low porosity and straight-through channel design result in high thermal conductivity (≥2.5W / m·K) and poor frost resistance, and they will completely crack after 50 freeze-thaw cycles; the vacuum tube technology is limited by the sealing failure under the temperature difference in the plateau, and the modular installation scheme has an efficiency loss of more than 25% in complex terrains due to the lack of a terrain adaptation algorithm; there are generally contradictions among the weather resistance, thermal efficiency, and installation adaptability of existing technologies, making it difficult to balance the long-term stable operation and low-cost maintenance of the plateau environment.

[0004] In view of the above defects, there is an urgent need for a solar collector solution that can systematically solve the challenges of the plateau environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. The present invention improves the ultraviolet stability and frost resistance through a new ceramic matrix, optimizes the flow channel and heat insulation design to suppress heat loss in the low-pressure environment, and develops intelligent installation and maintenance technologies to reduce the full-life cycle cost, and proposes a special collector for the plateau that integrates a gradient flow channel ceramic matrix, a composite heat insulation system and an adaptive control method, aiming to fill the technical gap in the field of efficient utilization of plateau solar energy.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: ceramic matrix and flow channel structure

[0007] Material preparation and performance verification

[0008] Raw material pretreatment: After the vanadium extraction tailings are magnetically separated to remove iron impurities, they are ball milled to D50 = 8.3 μm (tested by Malvern laser particle size analyzer), and the specific surface area is ≥ 450 m 2 / kg.

[0009] Sintering process optimization: The sintering system is determined by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis (see Figure 3 ), when holding at 1250 °C for 2 hours, the material density reaches the maximum value of 92.5%.

[0010] Realization of flow channel gradient density: The partition isostatic pressing forming technology is adopted, with a pressure of 15 MPa applied to the inner wall area and 8 MPa applied to the outer wall area, and the width of the density gradient transition zone is 5 mm - 8 mm.

[0011] Experimental data support

[0012] Parameter The present invention Traditional ceramics Flexural strength (MPa) 86.7±3.2 63.1±4.5 Thermal conductivity (W / m·K) 1.2±0.1 2.8±0.3 Freeze-thaw cycles (times) No cracking after 300 times Cracking after 50 times

[0013] Installation and control system

[0014] Verification of inclination adjustment algorithm

[0015] Control model: In Lhasa (Φ = 29.6°) in winter, set θ = 29.6° + 15° = 44.6°, the actual adjustment error is ±0.3°, and the daily average heat collection efficiency is increased by 12.5% (comparative data is shown in Table 3).

[0016] Terrain adaptation implementation case: In Yading Scenic Area, Daocheng, Sichuan (average slope 28°), a zigzag arrangement is adopted, and the installation density is increased to 3.2 units / 10 m 2 , which is 40% higher than the traditional array.

[0017] Technical details of UAV mapping

[0018] Equipment selection: DJI Matrice 300 RTK, equipped with RIEGL VUX-1LR lidar, point cloud density ≥ 200 points / m 2 .

[0019] Data processing: Remove noise points through CloudCompare software, generate a DEM model and then import it into AutoCAD to generate an installation grid.

[0020] Antifreeze and maintenance methods

[0021] Pulse cycle parameter optimization experiment

[0022] Orthogonal experiment design: Taking the cycle (5 / 8 / 10 min), flow rate (0.2 / 0.3 / 0.5 m / s), and tracing power (30 / 40 / 50 W / m 2 ) as factors and the freezing damage rate as the index.

[0023] Optimal combination: When T = 8 min, v = 0.3 m / s, and P = 40 W / m 2 , the freezing damage rate is 0.08% (see the following table):

[0024]

[0025] Verification of the regeneration process effect

[0026] SEM analysis: After steam cleaning, the porosity is restored from 18.3% to 21.7% (close to the initial value of 22.5%), and the residual amount of surface pollutants < 0.1%.

[0027] Recovery of the heat absorption rate: After coating with the repair liquid, the absorption rate is increased from 89.2% to 94.7% (tested by a spectrophotometer, wavelength range 300 - 2500 nm).

[0028] A ceramic solar collector for plateau areas, comprising:

[0029] A ceramic matrix, which is composed of vanadium extraction tailings with a mass percentage of 30% - 50%, kaolin with a mass percentage of 45% - 65%, and a silicate binder with a mass percentage of 3% - 5%. The Fe 2 O 3 content in the vanadium extraction tailings ≥ 25%, and the TiO 2 content ≥ 8%. It is sintered at 1200°C - 1300°C to form a porous honeycomb structure with a porosity of 15% - 25% and a pore size distribution of 0.5 μm - 50 μm;

[0030] A serpentine flow channel, embedded inside the ceramic matrix. The density of the flow channel wall decreases in a gradient from the inner wall to the outer wall. The density of the inner wall is 2.5 g / cm 3 -3.0 g / cm 3 , and the density of the outer wall is 1.5 g / cm 3 -1.8 g / cm 3 . The cross-section of the flow channel is a quasi-triangle with a vertex angle of 50° - 70°, and the flow channel spacing is 30 mm - 50 mm;

[0031] A composite insulation layer, which is composed of an aerogel layer with a thickness of 5 mm - 8 mm and a vacuum panel layer with a thickness of 10 mm - 15 mm stacked. The porosity of the aerogel layer ≥ 90%, the pore size ≤ 50 nm, the vacuum degree of the vacuum panel layer ≤ 0.1 Pa, and the edge is provided with a broken bridge aluminum alloy frame. The frame is embedded with a ceramic heat insulation strip, the width of the heat insulation strip is 8 mm - 12 mm, and the thermal conductivity ≤ 0.5 W / (m·K);

[0032] The inner wall of the serpentine flow channel is coated with an anti-freezing and anti-scaling coating, which is composed of 1%-3% graphene oxide, 5%-8% silicon dioxide nanoparticles, 0.5%-1% silicon carbide micropowder and the balance of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin by mass percentage. The coating thickness is 50μm - 100μm, the surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.1μm, and the bonding strength between the coating and the ceramic matrix is ≥ 15MPa.

[0033] A method for using a ceramic solar collector includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Anti-freezing control step:

[0035] When the ambient temperature ≤ 5°C, start the pulse circulation mode, with a water flow cycle of 5min - 10min and a flow velocity of 0.2m / s - 0.5m / s;

[0036] When the water temperature in the flow channel ≤ 2°C, activate the electric tracing heating system, with a heating tape power density of 30W / m 2 - 50W / m2, and turn it off after heating the water temperature ≥ 5°C;

[0037] The electric tracing heating system uses a PTC self-limiting temperature heating tape, with a surface temperature ≤ 80°C and an insulation resistance ≥ 100MΩ;

[0038] S2. Topography adaptation step:

[0039] Use a drone equipped with a lidar to map the topography of the installation area and generate a three-dimensional grid model with a grid accuracy of ±0.1m. The specific process of drone mapping includes: a flight altitude of 50m, a forward overlap rate of 80%, and a side overlap rate of 60%; the point cloud data is registered by the ICP algorithm to generate a DEM digital elevation model with an elevation error ≤ 0.05m;

[0040] According to the grid model, plan the layout of the collectors. When the slope > 25°, use a zigzag layout with a lateral spacing of 100mm - 200mm; when the slope ≤ 25°, use a rectangular array layout with a spacing of 50mm - 100mm;

[0041] S3. Ceramic plate regeneration step:

[0042] Every 5 years, clean the pores of the plate core with high-temperature steam. The steam temperature is 180°C - 220°C, the pressure is 0.8MPa - 1.2MPa, and the duration is 30min - 60min;

[0043] After cleaning, coat with a nano black porcelain repair liquid. The solid content of the repair liquid is 20% - 30%, the coating thickness is 10μm - 20μm, and the composition of the repair liquid includes: nano Fe 3 O 4 40% - 50%, SiO 230% - 40% sol, 5% - 10% dispersant; The coating process of the nano black porcelain repair liquid includes: using electrostatic spraying, with a voltage of 50 kV - 80 kV and a spraying distance of 200 mm - 300 mm; after spraying, heat treatment is carried out at 150 °C for 30 min to form a dense light-absorbing layer;

[0044] S4. Intelligent control step:

[0045] Based on meteorological data, predict the next day's irradiation intensity and dynamically adjust the water flow rate to 0.2 m / s - 1.5 m / s;

[0046] When the real-time irradiation intensity < 300 W / m 2 ², switch to the small circulation mode, only heat the upper layer of water in the hot water storage tank, and the circulating water volume is 20% - 30% of the total water volume

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0048] Through the synergistic effect of material formula optimization, structural innovation and intelligent control methods, this application achieves remarkable breakthroughs in the weather resistance, thermal efficiency and economy of the plateau solar collector. The ceramic matrix adopts a composite formula of vanadium extraction tailings and kaolin, and forms a porous honeycomb structure after high-temperature sintering. The initial heat absorption rate reaches 96.3%, and the absorption rate only decreases by 0.8% after 5000 hours of ultraviolet accelerated aging, which has a significant advantage compared with the traditional copper-aluminum coating (the decrease is 13.7%); the gradient density flow channel design combined with the graphene anti-freezing coating enables the collector to have no cracking after 300 freeze-thaw cycles at -30 °C, and the anti-freezing performance is improved by 6 times, completely solving the problem of flow channel failure caused by plateau frost heaving.

[0049] In terms of thermal efficiency and energy conservation, the aerogel-vacuum composite insulation layer reduces the heat loss coefficient to 1.08 W / m 2 ²·K, which is 71.5% lower than that of traditional rock wool (3.79 W / m 2 ²·K). The temperature drop at night in a low-pressure environment is ≤5 °C, ensuring stable all-weather heating; the pulse circulation and electric tracing collaborative anti-freezing strategy reduces the energy consumption to 0.35 kWh / m 2 ²·day, which is 75.6% more energy-efficient than the pure electric tracing scheme. Combined with UAV mapping and adjustable brackets, the installation efficiency on a 30° slope terrain is increased by 40%, and the labor cost is reduced by 55%, realizing the unity of efficient installation and low-consumption operation.

[0050] The economic and environmental benefits are significant. The industrial solid waste utilization of vanadium extraction tailings reduces the material cost by 15%. The initial investment cost (850 yuan / m 2 ) is 29% less than that of the copper-aluminum collector (1200 yuan / m 2 ). The annual maintenance cost (26.5 yuan / m 2)Only 20% of the traditional solution; the water consumption of the self-cleaning system ≤ 2 L / m 2 · month, combined with the steam regeneration process once every five years, the service life cycle reaches more than 25 years, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution, and providing reliable technical support for the large-scale application of solar energy in plateau areas. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0051] Figure 1 : Structure diagram of the collector tube body of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 : Top view of the collector tube body of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 : A-A cross-sectional view of the present invention; Detailed Description of the Invention

[0054] Example 1: Preparation of ceramic matrix and verification of gradient flow channel performance

[0055] Steps:

[0056] Raw material pretreatment:

[0057] Vanadium extraction tailings (Fe 2 O 3 28%, TiO 2 9.5%) are magnetically separated to remove iron and then ball milled to D50 = 8.3 μm (tested by Malvern laser particle size analyzer);

[0058] Kaolin (Al 2 O 3 38%, SiO 2 45%) is sieved through a 200-mesh sieve, mixed with vanadium extraction tailings in a mass ratio of 40:55, and 5% silicate binder (Na2SiO3·9H2O) is added.

[0059] Gradient flow channel forming:

[0060] Using a partitioned isostatic pressing mold, apply a pressure of 15 MPa (density 2.8 g / cm 3 ) to the inner wall area and a pressure of 8 MPa (density 1.6 g / cm 3 ) to the outer wall area;

[0061] The cross-section of the flow channel is designed as a triangular shape with a vertex angle of 60° and a spacing of 40 mm (optimized based on ANSYS Fluent heat flow simulation).

[0062] Sintering and coating process:

[0063] Sinter under nitrogen protection (1250 °C × 2 h, heating rate 5 °C / min) to form a honeycomb structure with a porosity of 20%;

[0064] The inner wall of the flow channel is sprayed with a graphene composite coating (2% graphene + 6% SiO 2 nanoparticles + 92% high-temperature resistant epoxy resin), cured at 80°C for 2h, and the coating thickness is 80μm.

[0065] Test plan:

[0066] Control group: Traditional black ceramics (no gradient flow channel, straight-through design, uniform density of 2.0g / cm 3 ).

[0067] Test standards:

[0068] Absorptivity: ASTM E903-20 spectrophotometry (wavelength 300-2500nm);

[0069] Frost resistance: JB / T 10393-2013 freeze-thaw cycle test (-30°C / room temperature water, 300 times);

[0070] Thermal conductivity: Laser flash method (NETZSCH LFA 467).

[0071] Experimental results:

[0072]

[0073] Innovation point verification:

[0074] Gradient density flow channel: High density on the inner wall (2.8g / cm 3 ) to improve the pressure-bearing capacity, low density on the outer wall (1.6g / cm 3 ) to reduce the thermal conductivity, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency is increased by 23%;

[0075] Utilization of vanadium extraction tailings: Fe / Ti oxides enhance ultraviolet absorption, and the cost is reduced by 15% (tailings replace commercial Fe 2 O 3 ).

[0076] Example 2: Thermal loss test of the composite insulation system and terrain-adapted installation

[0077] Steps:

[0078] Preparation of the composite insulation layer:

[0079] Bottom layer: 5mm thick SiO 2 aerogel (porosity 92%, pore diameter ≤ 50nm), thermal conductivity 0.013W / (m·K);

[0080] Intermediate layer: 10mm thick vacuum panel (vacuum degree ≤ 0.1Pa), support column spacing 20mm×20mm;

[0081] Frame: Broken bridge aluminum alloy (insulation strip width 10 mm, thermal conductivity 0.4 W / (m·K)).

[0082] Terrain adaptation installation:

[0083] A drone (DJI Matrice 300 RTK) equipped with a lidar scans a 30° slope terrain to generate a DEM model with a 5 cm accuracy;

[0084] Plan a zigzag layout (horizontal spacing 150 mm) and install adjustable brackets (electric push rod stroke 300 mm, thrust 500 N).

[0085] Test plan:

[0086] Control group: Single vacuum panel (15 mm thick) and rock wool (50 mm thick);

[0087] Test conditions:

[0088] Low-pressure simulation chamber (altitude 4500 m, air pressure 55 kPa), ambient temperature -20°C, heat collection temperature 60°C; Test the heat loss for 24 hours according to GB / T4271-2007.

[0089] Experimental results:

[0090]

[0091] Innovation point verification:

[0092] Aerogel-vacuum composite: Inhibits gas convection under low pressure, and the heat loss is reduced by 71.5% compared with rock wool;

[0093] Drone surveying and mapping installation: The installation efficiency on a 30° slope is increased by 40%, and the labor cost is reduced by 55%.

[0094] Example 3: Field operation on the plateau and intelligent anti-freezing control

[0095] Steps:

[0096] System configuration:

[0097] Location: Nagqu, Tibet (altitude 4500 m, annual average irradiation 2200 kWh / m 2 )

[0098] 50m 2 Collector array, with automatic inclination adjustment (Φ = 31.5°, θ = 46.5° in winter);

[0099] Anti-freezing system: Pulse circulation (T = 8 min, v = 0.3 m / s) + PTC electric tracing (40 W / m 2 )

[0100] Control group: Traditional copper-aluminum collector (same area, pure electric heat tracing for antifreeze, 80W / m 2 ).

[0101] Test plan:

[0102] Monitoring period: 1 year (January 2023 - December 2023);

[0103] Indicators: Heat output, antifreeze energy consumption, failure rate, maintenance cost.

[0104] Experimental results:

[0105] Index The present invention Traditional copper-aluminum collector <![CDATA[Daily heat production (kWh / m 2 )]]> 4.3 3.0 <![CDATA[Anti-freezing energy consumption (kWh / m 2 ·year)]]> 42.7 175.2 Number of freeze-cracking failures 0 8 <![CDATA[Annual maintenance cost (yuan / m 2 )]]> 26.5 132.8

[0106] Verification of innovation points:

[0107] Pulse cycle + electric heat tracing collaboration: Antifreeze energy consumption reduced by 75.6%, failure rate reduced to 0;

[0108] Self-cleaning system: After cleaning with high-pressure micro-mist (0.8MPa), the heat collection efficiency is restored to 98.5% (infrared thermal imaging temperature difference ≤ 3°C).

[0109] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art in the said technical field, various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramic solar collector for plateau areas, characterized in that: include: The ceramic matrix is ​​composed of 30%-50% by mass of vanadium extraction tailings, 45%-65% of kaolin and 3%-5% of silicate binder, wherein the Fe2O3 content in the vanadium extraction tailings is ≥25% and the TiO2 content is ≥8%, and is sintered at 1200°C-1300°C to form a porous honeycomb structure with a porosity of 15%-25% and a pore size distribution of 0.5μm-50μm; The serpentine flow channel is embedded in the ceramic matrix. The density of the flow channel wall decreases gradually from the inner wall to the outer wall. The density of the inner wall is 2.5g / cm 3 -3.0g / cm 3 , the outer wall density is 1.5g / cm 3 -1.8g / cm 3 , the flow channel cross section is a triangular shape with a vertex angle of 50°-70°, and the flow channel spacing is 30mm-50mm; The composite thermal insulation layer is composed of an aerogel layer with a thickness of 5mm-8mm and a vacuum plate layer with a thickness of 10mm-15mm. The porosity of the aerogel layer is ≥90%, the pore size is ≤50nm, the vacuum degree of the vacuum plate layer is ≤0.1Pa, and the edge adopts a broken bridge aluminum alloy frame. The frame is embedded with a ceramic insulation strip. The width of the insulation strip is 8mm-12mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.5W / (m·K).

2. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the serpentine flow channel is coated with an antifreeze and anti-scaling coating, which is composed of 1%-3% by mass of graphene oxide, 5%-8% of silicon dioxide nanoparticles, 0.5%-1% of silicon carbide micropowder and the remainder of high-temperature resistant epoxy resin. The coating thickness is 50μm-100μm, the surface roughness Ra≤0.1μm, and the bonding strength between the coating and the ceramic substrate is ≥15MPa.

3. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also included is an adjustable bracket, the bracket comprising: The electric push rod is hinged to the bottom of the collector, with a push rod stroke of 200mm-500mm and a thrust of ≥500N; The tilt sensor uses a MEMS inclinometer with an accuracy of ±0.1°, which monitors the collector tilt in real time and communicates with the controller; The controller has a built-in tilt adjustment algorithm, which automatically adjusts the tilt angle θ according to the local latitude Φ and the seasonal parameter Δ. The adjustment formula is: θ=Φ+Δ Among them, in winter, Δ = +10° to +15°, in summer, Δ = -10° to -15°, and in spring and autumn, Δ = 0°; The tilt adjustment algorithm includes PID control: Proportional coefficient Kp = 0.8, integral time Ti = 120s, differential time Td = 30s; When the deviation between the target inclination angle and the actual inclination angle exceeds ±1°, the electric push rod adjustment is started.

4. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the adjustable bracket is provided with a terrain adaptable base, and the base comprises: Retractable support legs, made of 304 stainless steel, with a length adjustment range of 200mm-500mm and an adjustment accuracy of ±5mm; The bottom fixing plate has a size of 300mm×300mm×10mm and is connected to the ground or building roof through pre-buried ceramic anchor bolts. The anchor bolt diameter is 12mm-16mm, the tensile strength is ≥10kN, and the anchoring depth is ≥100mm; The collector units are connected by quick-connect ceramic buckles, and the buckles include: The male end is located on one side of the collector unit and has a T-shaped raised structure with a raised height of 10mm-15mm and a width of 20mm-30mm; The female end is arranged on the other side and is a groove matching the T-shaped protrusion. An elastic sealing rubber ring is embedded in the groove. The rubber ring is made of fluororubber with a hardness of Shore A 60-70 and a compression permanent deformation rate of ≤20%.

5. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included is an integrated cleaning system, the system comprising: High-pressure micro-mist nozzles are installed on the upper edge of the collector. The water spray pressure is 0.5MPa-1.0MPa, the nozzle aperture is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the water spray volume is ≤0.5L / m 2 ; The scraping mechanism is driven by a stepper motor. The scraping blade is made of polyurethane-carbon fiber composite material. The scraping stroke covers the width of the collector surface. The scraping frequency is 1 time / week to 2 times / week, and the scraping pressure is 5N-10N. The cleaning system also includes a water softening module, which includes: Ion exchange resin tank, water treatment capacity ≥500L / h, regeneration cycle ≥30 days; The backwash pipeline is connected in parallel with the main water channel, the backwash flow rate is ≥1.5m / s, and the duration is ≥5min.

6. A method for using the ceramic solar collector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Antifreeze control steps: When the ambient temperature is ≤5℃, start the pulse circulation mode, the water flow cycle is 5min-10min, and the flow rate is 0.2m / s-0.5m / s; When the water temperature in the flow channel is ≤2℃, the electric heating system is activated and the power density of the heating cable is 30W / m 2 -50W / m 2 , heat to water temperature ≥5℃ and then turn it off; The electric heating system adopts a PTC self-limiting temperature heating tape with a surface temperature of ≤80°C and an insulation resistance of ≥100MΩ; S2. Terrain adaptation steps: The terrain of the installation area is mapped by drone-mounted laser radar to generate a three-dimensional grid model with a grid accuracy of ±0.1m. The specific process of drone mapping includes: flight altitude of 50m, heading overlap rate of 80%, and lateral overlap rate of 60%. The point cloud data is aligned by the ICP algorithm to generate a DEM digital elevation model with an elevation error of ≤0.05m. The collector arrangement is planned according to the grid model. When the slope is greater than 25°, a zigzag arrangement is adopted with a lateral spacing of 100mm-200mm. When the slope is ≤25°, a rectangular array arrangement is adopted with a spacing of 50mm-100mm. S3, ceramic plate regeneration steps: Every 5 years, high-temperature steam is used to clean the pores of the plate core. The steam temperature is 180℃-220℃, the pressure is 0.8MPa-1.2MPa, and the duration is 30min-60min; After cleaning, apply nano black porcelain repair liquid, the solid content of the repair liquid is 20%-30%, the coating thickness is 10μm-20μm, and the repair liquid ingredients include: nano Fe3O4 40%-50%, SiO2 sol 30%-40%, dispersant 5%-10%; the coating process of the nano black porcelain repair liquid includes: electrostatic spraying, the voltage is 50kV-80kV, and the spraying distance is 200mm-300mm; after spraying, it is heat treated at 150℃ for 30min to form a dense light-absorbing layer; S4, intelligent control steps: Based on the forecast of the next day's radiation intensity based on meteorological data, the water flow rate is dynamically adjusted to 0.2m / s-1.5m / s; When the real-time irradiation intensity is less than 300W / m 2 When the water in the upper layer of the water storage tank is heated, the circulating water volume is 20%-30% of the total water volume.

7. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the ceramic matrix comprises: The vanadium extraction tailings are ball-milled to a D50 of ≤10 μm, and mixed with kaolin at a mass ratio of 40:55; Add 5% silicate binder to granulate, and the dry pressing pressure is 20MPa-30MPa; Sintering at 1250℃ for 2 hours, heating rate of 5℃ / min, cooling rate of 3℃ / min; The preparation method of the antifreeze and anti-scaling coating comprises: Graphene oxide and silica nanoparticles were ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol for 30 min at a power of 300 W; Add epoxy resin and curing agent (mass ratio 10:1), stir and spray on the inner wall of the flow channel; The film was cured at 80°C for 2 hours to form a coating with a thickness of 80 μm.

8. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test method for the heat loss coefficient of the composite thermal insulation layer is: According to GB / T 4271-2007, the test is carried out at an ambient temperature of -20°C and a collector temperature of 60°C; Heat loss coefficient ≤1.1W / (m 2 ·K), which is ≥70% lower than traditional rock wool.

9. The method for using a ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optimization method of the pulse cycle mode includes: The optimal cycle T = 8min and flow velocity v = 0.3m / s were determined by orthogonal test; Freezing damage rate ≤ 0.1% (test standard: JB / T 10393-2013).

10. The ceramic solar collector for plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control logic of the scraping mechanism includes: Cleaning is triggered based on the drop rate of the photovoltaic panel output current, and starts automatically when the current drop is ≥10%; After cleaning, the temperature uniformity is tested by infrared thermal imager, and the temperature difference is ≤5℃, which is qualified. The integrated connection structure between the collector and the building includes: The ceramic anchor array embedded in the roof has a spacing of 600mm×600mm; The collector frame is fitted to the roof waterproof layer through an elastic rubber pad, and the gasket compression rate is 30%-40%.

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