Prism centering survey lofting rod and survey lofting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping tools, and discloses a prism centering survey lofting rod and a survey lofting method.The prism centering survey lofting rod comprises a centering rod body, a positioning disc is arranged on the centering rod body in a penetrating mode, a tension band is arranged at the lower end of the positioning disc, a fixing bolt is arranged on the outer wall of the tension band, and the positioning disc is sleeved with the tension band; the positioning disc is made of a transparent material, an X axis and a Y axis which are orthogonal to each other are arranged at the center of the positioning disc, square grids are arranged on the positioning disc, each independent square grid corresponds to longitudinal and transverse X and Y coordinates, a laser generator is arranged above the positioning disc, and laser emitted by the laser generator vertically penetrates through the positioning disc. According to the prism centering survey lofting rod, positioning lofting is carried out in the survey lofting process, the number of moving times of the centering rod in the piling process is reduced, the prism centering survey lofting rod has the advantages of being high in lofting speed, easy to operate and high in precision, the point lofting time is greatly saved, and the lofting precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surveying tools, and in particular to a prism centering measurement and setting-out rod and a measurement and setting-out method. Background Art

[0002] A prism centering rod (also known as a total station centering rod or a surveying centering rod) is a professional tool used in engineering surveying to assist equipment such as total stations and theodolites for rapid positioning, centering, and setting out. Its core function is to cooperate with a measuring instrument through a prism (reflector) at the top to achieve high-precision coordinate transfer and point location calibration.

[0003] In the patent with the publication number CN212539186U, a new type of prism centering rod is disclosed, which includes a centering rod main body and a conical rod head arranged at the bottom of the centering rod main body. A clamping component is arranged at the bottom end of the centering rod main body to facilitate the synchronous clamping, disassembly, replacement, and use of the conical rod head. This new type of prism centering rod is different from the prior art. In the actual use process, through the arranged clamping component, the conical rod head can be directly sleeved on the bottom end of the centering rod main body, so as to facilitate the synchronous and stable clamping and fixing use of the conical rod head, and the disassembly and assembly are convenient, which facilitates the disassembly, replacement, and use of the conical rod head on the centering rod main body.

[0004] The prior art has the following defects: During the construction setting out of a building project, generally, a centering rod is used in cooperation with a total station for setting out. The total station can calculate the deviation between the centering rod and the design point station by measuring the prism coordinates on the centering rod. The deviation is divided into two parts: the longitudinal deviation in the direction of the connecting line between the centering rod and the total station measuring station and the lateral deviation perpendicular to this measuring line. After moving the centering rod according to the deviation value and then measuring the prism on the centering rod again until the deviation value is less than the setting-out allowable error, the setting-out point position is calibrated on-site, that is, the point setting-out work is completed. During the process of driving piles for positioning, it is necessary to move the centering rod repeatedly according to the deviation value, resulting in low efficiency of the setting-out point position. In order to improve the accuracy and speed in the measurement and setting-out process, reduce the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod to adjust the deviation during pile driving, enable front-line surveying technicians to quickly move to the design point position during the positioning process, thereby saving the setting-out time and accelerating the construction progress of the project, a prism centering measurement and setting-out rod and a measurement and setting-out method are researched and invented in combination with the actual situation on-site. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, a prism centering measurement and setting-out rod and a measurement and setting-out method are proposed.

[0006] On the one hand, the present application provides a prism centering measurement and setting-out rod, and its purpose is to: improve the accuracy and speed in the measurement and setting-out process, reduce the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod to adjust the deviation during pile driving, and enable front-line surveying technicians to quickly move to the design point position during the positioning process.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: A prism centering measurement and setting-out rod, including a centering rod body, on which a positioning disk is penetrated. A hoop is provided at the lower end of the positioning disk, and fixing bolts are provided on the outer wall of the hoop. The hoop is sleeved on the positioning disk. The positioning disk is made of transparent material. At the center of the positioning disk, there are mutually orthogonal X and Y axes. A grid is set on the positioning disk, and each independent grid has corresponding longitudinal and transverse X and Y coordinates. Above the positioning disk, a laser generator is provided, and the laser generator emits laser light that vertically penetrates the positioning disk.

[0008] Adopting the above solution, by setting the positioning disk, when the positioning deviation is small, the coordinates can be directly determined on the positioning disk. Using the laser beam of the laser generator to penetrate the plastic plate, the setting-out point is projected onto the ground, and then driving piles and fixing points are completed in one step, and then point marking is carried out to complete the measurement and setting-out task of this point. There is no need to repeatedly move the centering rod for positioning due to the deviation of the point caused by driving piles, reducing the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod to adjust the deviation, thus playing a role in improving the setting-out efficiency.

[0009] Further, the scale division value of the grid is a thick solid line of 50 mm, a thin solid line of 10 mm, and a dotted line of 5 mm.

[0010] Adopting the above solution, considering the accuracy of the setting-out points of the engineering structure, generally, less than ±5 mm can meet the construction requirements. Therefore, the minimum division scale is a dotted line of 5 mm, and then by estimation, the accuracy of the actual point setting-out can be achieved.

[0011] Further, a placement bracket is provided on the laser generator, and the placement bracket is placed on the upper end face of the positioning disk.

[0012] Adopting the above solution, by manually moving the placement bracket, the position where the laser generator projects on the positioning disk can be changed.

[0013] Further, a laser adjustment device is provided on the centering rod body. The laser adjustment device includes a fixed ring sleeved on the centering rod body, a rotating ring is rotatably sleeved on the fixed ring, the lower end of the rotating ring extends in the parallel direction of the positioning disk and is connected with a rotating arm. A through groove is opened along the length direction of the rotating arm, and the cross section of the through groove is trapezoidal, with the width wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The lower end of the rotating ring is rotatably sleeved with an adjusting ring. A wire groove with an opening at the lower part is arranged in the adjusting ring, and a steel wire is wound in the wire groove. The other end of the steel wire slides on the upper half of the through groove. The end of the steel wire in the through groove is connected with a pin, the pin passes through the through groove and is connected with a connecting piece below, and the laser generator is connected with the connecting piece.

[0014] With the above solution, by setting up a laser adjustment device, the rotating ring is used to adjust the quadrant position of the laser generator, and the rotating adjustment ring is used to adjust the radial position of the laser generator. The quadrant angle and the radial length are used to locate the position where the laser generator projects on the positioning disk, avoiding inaccurate positioning results caused by the laser generator shaking when placed on the positioning disk.

[0015] Furthermore, the laser generator and the connecting member are magnetically adsorbed and connected.

[0016] With the above solution, through magnetic connection, it is convenient to remove and install the laser generator.

[0017] Furthermore, the sliding friction between the rotating ring and the fixed ring is greater than the sliding friction between the rotating ring and the adjusting ring.

[0018] With the above solution, by setting different rotational resistances, when the rotating ring is rotated, the adjusting ring rotates accordingly; when the adjusting ring is rotated, the rotating ring does not rotate accordingly, which is used to first determine the quadrant angle of the laser generator and then determine the radial position.

[0019] Furthermore, two positioning disks are provided, which are vertically and spaced apart on the centering rod body, and the laser generator is arranged above the upper positioning disk.

[0020] With the above solution, by setting two positioning disks, when positioning the lofting point, it can play the role of leveling the centering rod body at the same time.

[0021] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided inside the hoop, and a groove is provided on the centering rod body, and the protrusion slides in the groove.

[0022] With the above solution, by setting the groove and the protrusion, the scale directions of the two positioning disks are made consistent.

[0023] Furthermore, a stable platform is provided on the centering rod body, a pair of support feet are provided on the stable platform, and a prism is provided on the stable platform.

[0024] With the above solution, the support feet play a role in stabilizing the centering rod body, and the prism is used for total station observation.

[0025] On the other hand, the present application provides a prism centering measurement and lofting method, which uses a prism centering measurement and lofting rod, and includes the following steps: Step 1: The instrument operator uses a total station to accurately aim at the prism center of the centering rod body. At this time, the horizontal angle displayed by the instrument is close to 0°00′00″. Switch the instrument display interface. After pressing the measurement key, the X and Y coordinates that need to be displaced will be displayed on the instrument interface. The instrument operator displaces forward, backward, left, and right according to the coordinates; Step 2: Repeat Step 1 until the X and Y coordinates to be displaced are within the scale range of the positioning disk; Step 3: Adjust the position of the laser generator so that the laser beam is projected onto the corresponding X and Y positions on the positioning disk, and estimate to ±1 mm; Step 4: At the point projected onto the ground, the laser beam of the laser pointing device passes through the positioning disk, projects the layout point onto the ground, then drives a stake and fixes the point in one go, and then conducts point marking.

[0026] Adopting the above solution reduces the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod to adjust the deviation, thereby improving the layout efficiency.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. By setting the positioning disk, when the positioning deviation is small, the coordinates are directly determined on the positioning disk. The laser beam of the laser generator penetrates the plastic plate, projects the layout point onto the ground, then drives a stake and fixes the point in one go, and then conducts point marking, completing the measurement and layout task of this point. There is no need to repeatedly move the centering rod for positioning due to the deviation of the point caused by driving the stake again, reducing the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod to adjust the deviation, thereby improving the layout efficiency.

[0028] 2. By setting two positioning disks, when positioning the layout point, it also plays a role in leveling the body of the layout rod.

[0029] 3. By setting the laser adjustment device, rotating the rotating ring is used to adjust the quadrant position of the laser generator, and rotating the adjustment ring is used to adjust the radial position of the laser generator. The quadrant angle and radial length are used to locate the position where the laser generator is projected on the positioning disk, avoiding inaccurate positioning results caused by the laser generator shaking when placed on the positioning disk. Description of the drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is the working position diagram of the total station instrument and the body of the centering rod in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the three-dimensional diagram of the prism centering measurement layout rod in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is of the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 The truncated view of the lower half of the body of the centering rod; Figure 4 It is the upper view of the positioning disk in the prism centering measurement layout rod in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is the three-dimensional diagram of the prism centering measurement layout rod in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is the three-dimensional diagram of the laser adjustment device in the prism centering measurement layout rod in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7For the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 Top view; Figure 8 For the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 Cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 Stereogram of the laser adjustment device in the prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Top view of the positioning disk in the prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Centering rod body; 2. Positioning disk; 3. Hoop; 4. Fixing bolt; 5. Grid; 6. Laser generator; 7. Placing bracket; 8. Fixed ring; 9. Rotating ring; 10. Rotating arm; 11. Through groove; 12. Adjusting ring; 13. Wire groove; 14. Steel wire; 15. Pin; 16. Connecting piece; 17. Protrusion; 18. Groove; 19. Stable platform; 20. Leg; 21. Prism; 22. Total station. Specific implementation manners

[0032] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0033] Example 1, referring to Figure 1-4 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a prism centering measurement and setting-out rod, including a centering rod body 1. A positioning disk 2 is penetrated through the centering rod body 1. A hoop 3 is arranged at the lower end of the positioning disk 2. A fixing bolt 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the hoop 3. The hoop 3 is sleeved on the positioning disk 2. The positioning disk 2 is made of a transparent material. Orthogonal X and Y axes are provided at the center of the positioning disk 2. A grid 5 is arranged on the positioning disk 2. Each independent grid 5 has corresponding longitudinal and transverse X and Y coordinates. A laser generator 6 is arranged above the positioning disk 2. The laser emitted by the laser generator 6 vertically penetrates the positioning disk 2.

[0034] In this embodiment, the positioning disk 2 is made of a transparent acrylic plastic material with orthogonal X and Y axes, which are scaled. It is equipped with a laser generator 6. Each independent grid 5 has corresponding longitudinal and transverse X and Y coordinates. The scale division values include thick solid lines with a scale of 50 mm, thin solid lines with a scale of 10 mm, and dotted lines with a scale of 5 mm. Considering the lofting point accuracy of engineering structures, generally, a deviation less than ±5 mm can meet the construction requirements. Therefore, the dotted line with a minimum scale division of 5 mm is used, and then an estimated reading is taken to achieve the accuracy of actual point lofting. There is a hole with a diameter of 26 mm at the center of the crosshair where the axes of the positioning disk 2 intersect. There is a hoop 3 with a height of 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm below the hole, which is connected to the positioning disk 2. The positioning disk 2 and the hoop 3 are fixed by bonding. Before each lofting, the body 1 of the centering rod is inserted into the hoop 3 of the positioning plate. The height of the positioning disk 2 is adjusted up and down according to the terrain. When the position is appropriate, the fixing bolt 4 on the hoop 3 is tightened to fix the positioning disk 2 on the body 1 of the centering rod. There are two intersecting axes, vertical and horizontal, at the center of the disk, which are the orientation directions that need to be moved.

[0035] By setting the positioning disk 2, when the positioning deviation is small, the coordinates are directly determined on the positioning disk 2. The laser beam of the laser generator 6 passes through the positioning disk 2, projects the lofting point onto the ground, then piles and locates the point in one step, and then marks the point to complete the measurement and lofting task of this point.

[0036] Refer to Figure 3 , a placement bracket 7 is provided on the laser generator 6, and the placement bracket 7 is placed on the upper end face of the positioning disk 2.

[0037] By manually moving the placement bracket 7, the position where the laser generator 6 projects on the positioning disk 2 can be changed.

[0038] Refer to Figure 1 , a stable platform 19 is provided on the body 1 of the centering rod, and a pair of feet 20 are provided on the stable platform 19.

[0039] The feet 20 play a role in stabilizing the body 1 of the centering rod.

[0040] Refer to Figure 1 , a prism 21 is provided on the stable platform 19.

[0041] The prism 21 is used for observation by the total station 22.

[0042] The measurement method using a prism for centering and measuring the lofting rod is as follows: Before each construction survey and setting out, it is only necessary to insert the bottom of the centering rod body 1 into the hoop 3 of the positioning plate, adjust the height up and down according to the terrain on site, and then tighten the fixing bolt 4 at the hoop 3 to fix the positioning plate 2 and the centering rod body 1. When fixing the positioning plate 2, make an axis of the positioning plate 2 point to the direction of the total station 22, and make the prism 21 on the centering rod body 1 point to the direction of the total station 22, and make the direction of the positioning plate 2 perpendicular to the prism 21 surface on the centering rod body 1 after pointing to the direction of the total station 22. At this time, the four directions pointed by the intersecting axes of the positioning plate 2 are the directions in which the total station 22 needs to displace when measuring the centering rod body 1. Move the corresponding distance according to the instructions of the instrument operator, and the precise setting out of the point can be completed; after the instrument operator sets up the station according to the normal procedure, input the setting out coordinates, and roughly set the horizontal angle to 0°00′00″ according to the instrument display. Then, the operator of the centering rod body 1 levels and centers the centering rod body 1 by aiming at the direction of the instrument's sight axis according to the above steps. The instrument operator needs to accurately aim at the center of the prism 21 on the centering rod body 1. At this time, the instrument display shows that the horizontal angle is close to 0°00′00″. Switch the instrument display interface, and after pressing the measurement key, the instrument interface will display the X and Y coordinates that need to be displaced, and report them to the operator of the centering rod body 1 through the walkie-talkie. When receiving the specific values of the front, back, left, and right displacements from the instrument operator, move the centering rod body 1 according to the direction indicated by the intersecting axes of the positioning plate 2 at this time, level the centering rod body 1, and perform the measurement again. Move the distance that needs to be displaced according to the data measured by the total station 22, and repeat the above operations repeatedly. When the deviation value between the X and Y coordinates measured by the instrument and the actual distance of the point to be set out is less than 15 cm, the point can be directly determined through the markings on the positioning plate 2. Since the centering rod body 1 and the positioning plate 2 are fixedly connected at 90° to form a whole, when the centering rod body 1 is leveled, the positioning plate 2 is also in a leveled state. It is only necessary to make the direction of the prism 21 face the sight axis direction of the total station 22, and then the measurement key can be pressed to perform the measurement. At this time, turn on the switch of the laser generator 6, and only need to displace the laser beam of this device to the corresponding X and Y positions of the positioning plate 2, and estimate to ±1 mm. The point projected onto the ground, the laser beam of the laser generator 6 passes through the positioning plate 2, projects the setting out point onto the ground, then drives a pile and fixes the point in one step, and then performs point marking to complete the measurement and setting out task of this point. There is no need to repeatedly move the centering rod body 1 for positioning due to the deviation of the point caused by driving the pile, reducing the number of times of repeatedly moving the centering rod body 1 to adjust the deviation, thereby improving the setting out efficiency.

[0043] Example 2, refer to Figures 5-8, which is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that a laser adjustment device is provided on the centering rod body 1. The laser adjustment device includes a fixed ring 8 sleeved on the centering rod body 1. A rotating ring 9 is rotatably sleeved on the fixed ring 8. A rotating arm 10 is connected to the lower end of the rotating ring 9 and extends in a direction parallel to the positioning disk 2. A through groove 11 is formed along the length direction of the rotating arm 10. The cross-section of the through groove 11 is trapezoidal, with a wider upper width and a narrower lower width. An adjusting ring 12 is rotatably sleeved at the lower end of the rotating ring 9. A wire groove 13 with an opening at the lower part is arranged inside the adjusting ring 12. A steel wire 14 is wound inside the wire groove 13. The other end of the steel wire 14 slides on the upper half of the through groove 11. The end of the steel wire 14 inside the through groove 11 is connected to a pin 15. The pin 15 passes through the through groove 11 and is connected to a connecting piece 16 below. The laser generator 6 is connected to the connecting piece 16.

[0044] In this embodiment, the fixed ring 8 is fixed on the centering rod body 1 by screws. The end of the rotating arm 10 is flush with the edge of the positioning disk 2. The steel wire 14 has a certain rigidity. One end is fixed inside the wire groove 13, and the other end is connected to the pin 15. When the adjusting ring 12 is rotated, since the steel wire 14 has only one channel of the through groove 11, when the number of turns of the steel wire 14 in the wire groove 13 changes, the changing length of the steel wire 14 in the wire groove 13 is reflected as the sliding distance of the steel wire 14 in the through groove 11. The diameter of the steel wire 14 is equal to the width of the upper half of the through groove 11. And the cross-section of the through groove 11 is trapezoidal, with a wider upper width and a narrower lower width. So the steel wire 14 can be clamped inside the upper half of the through groove 11. The diameter of the pin 15 is equal to the width of the lower half of the through groove 11.

[0045] By setting the laser adjustment device, rotating the rotating ring 9 is used to adjust the quadrant position of the laser generator 6, and rotating the adjusting ring 12 is used to adjust the radial position of the laser generator 6. The quadrant angle and the radial length are used to locate the position where the laser generator 6 projects on the positioning disk 2, avoiding inaccurate positioning results caused by the shaking of the laser generator 6 placed on the positioning disk 2.

[0046] Refer to Figure 8 , the laser generator 6 and the connecting piece 16 are connected by magnetic adsorption.

[0047] By magnetic connection, it is convenient to remove and install the laser generator 6.

[0048] In this embodiment, the sliding friction force between the rotating ring 9 and the fixed ring 8 is greater than the sliding friction force between the rotating ring 9 and the adjusting ring 12.

[0049] By setting different rotational resistances, when the rotating ring 9 is rotated, the adjusting ring 12 rotates accordingly; when the adjusting ring 12 is rotated, the rotating ring 9 does not rotate accordingly, which is used to first determine the quadrant angle of the laser generator 6 and then determine the radial position.

[0050] During use, when it is necessary to move the position of the laser generator 6, first rotate the rotating ring 9 to adjust the quadrant position of the laser generator 6, and then rotate the adjusting ring 12 so that the steel wire 14 in the wire groove 13 slides in the through groove 11. The end of the steel wire 14 drives the pin 15 and the connected connecting piece 16 and the laser generator 6 to slide along the direction of the through groove 11, so as to adjust the radial position of the laser generator 6, thereby adjusting the position of the laser generator 6 projected on the positioning disk 2. The remaining operations are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0051] The remaining structure is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0052] Embodiment 3, referring to Figures 9-10 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, provides a verticality calibration system for a prism centering measurement layout rod. Two positioning disks 2 are provided and are vertically spaced apart on the centering rod body 1. The laser generator 6 is arranged above the upper positioning disk 2. A protrusion 17 is arranged in the hoop 3, and a groove 18 is arranged on the centering rod body 1. The protrusion 17 slides in the groove 18.

[0053] 1. System composition: Laser generator 6: Installed in the middle of the centering rod body 1, emitting a vertical reference laser beam (wavelength 635nm, divergence angle <0.1mrad).

[0054] The upper positioning disk 2: Fixed 30 cm below the top of the centering rod body 1, with 360° scales (graduation value 1°), and a photosensitive sensor is provided on the surface.

[0055] The lower positioning disk 2: Fixed 50 cm above the bottom of the centering rod body 1, with the same structure as the upper positioning disk 2, and the distance between the two disks is ≥1 m to magnify the deviation.

[0056] Processing unit: Integrated microcontroller (such as STM32), calculating and displaying tilt data in real time.

[0057] 2. Calibration principle: Laser projection: The laser beam is emitted along the theoretical vertical direction. If the centering rod body 1 is tilted, the positions of the laser spots on the upper and lower positioning disks 2 will shift (Δx 1 , Δy 1 ) and (Δx 2 , Δy 2 ).

[0058] Deviation calculation: Horizontal inclination angle: ; ; Among them, L is the distance between the two positioning disks 2. When L = 1m, a 1mm offset ≈ 0.057°.

[0059] Comprehensive inclination: ; Dynamic compensation: Through the electric leveling feet (or acoustic and optical alarm prompts) built into the rod body of the centering rod body 1, it is adjusted in real time until θ < 0.05°.

[0060] 3. Operation steps: Initialization: Place the centering rod body 1 in an approximately vertical position and activate the laser beam.

[0061] Data acquisition: The upper and lower positioning disks 2 record the laser spot coordinates (P1(12.3mm, 8.7mm), P2(13.8mm, 9.1mm)) through photosensitive sensors.

[0062] Calculation and feedback: If L = 1m, then: ; ; Calibration execution: Adjust the fine-tuning knob on the stable platform 19 until the laser spots of the two positioning disks 2 coincide (Δx = Δy = 0).

[0063] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prism centering measurement and layout rod, comprising a centering rod body (1), characterized in that: A positioning plate (2) is provided on the centering rod body (1), a hoop (3) is provided at the lower end of the positioning plate (2), a fixing bolt (4) is provided on the outer wall of the hoop (3), the hoop (3) is sleeved on the positioning plate (2), the positioning plate (2) is made of a transparent material, a mutually orthogonal X and Y axis lines are provided at the center of the positioning plate (2), a square grid (5) is provided on the positioning plate (2), each independent square grid (5) has corresponding longitudinal and transverse X and Y coordinates, a laser generator (6) is provided above the positioning plate (2), and the laser generator (6) emits laser light to vertically penetrate the positioning plate (2).

2. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scale division values ​​of the grid (5) are 50 mm thick solid lines, 10 mm thin solid lines, and 5 mm dotted lines.

3. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser generator (6) is provided with a placement bracket (7), and the placement bracket (7) is placed on the upper end surface of the positioning plate (2).

4. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering rod body (1) is provided with a laser adjustment device, which comprises a fixed ring (8) sleeved on the centering rod body (1), a rotating ring (9) rotatably sleeved on the fixed ring (8), a rotating arm (10) extending from the lower end of the rotating ring (9) in a direction parallel to the positioning plate (2) and connected thereto, a through slot (11) being provided on the rotating arm (10) along the length direction, the through slot (11) having a stepped cross section, being wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, an adjusting ring (12) rotatably sleeved on the lower end of the rotating ring (9), a wire slot (13) with an opening at the bottom being provided in the adjusting ring (12), a steel wire (14) being wound in the wire slot (13), the other end of the steel wire (14) sliding in the upper half of the through slot (11), a pin (15) being connected to the end of the steel wire (14) in the through slot (11), the pin (15) passing through the through slot (11) and being connected to a connecting piece (16) at the bottom, and the laser generator (6) being connected to the connecting piece (16).

5. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The laser generator (6) and the connecting piece (16) are connected by magnetic attraction.

6. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding friction force between the rotating ring (9) and the fixed ring (8) is greater than the sliding friction force between the rotating ring (9) and the adjusting ring (12).

7. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning disks (2) are arranged in two numbers and are vertically spaced apart on the centering rod body (1); the laser generator (6) is arranged above the positioning disk (2) located above.

8. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: A protrusion (17) is provided inside the hoop (3), a groove (18) is provided on the centering rod body (1), and the protrusion (17) slides in the groove (18).

9. The prism centering measurement and setting-out rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering rod body (1) is provided with a stabilizing platform (19), and the stabilizing platform (19) is provided with a pair of supporting feet (20); A prism (21) is arranged on the stable platform (19).

10. A prism centering measurement and layout method, using the prism centering measurement and layout rod according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The operator uses the total station to accurately aim at the center of the prism (21) on the centering rod body (1). At this time, the instrument displays a horizontal angle close to 0°00′00″. The instrument display interface is switched. After pressing the measurement key, the instrument interface will display the X and Y coordinates that need to be displaced. The operator displaces forward, backward, left, and right according to the coordinates. Step 2: Repeat step 1 until the X and Y coordinates to be displaced are within the scale range of the positioning disk (2); Step 3: Adjust the position of the laser generator (6) so that the laser beam is projected onto the X and Y positions corresponding to the positioning plate (2) and the reading is estimated to ±1 mm; Step 4: Projecting the point onto the ground, the laser beam of the laser pointing device passes through the positioning disk (2), projects the layout point onto the ground, and then piles and fixes the point in one go, and then marks the point.

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