Tension-compression-torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped component and operation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of stress detection, in particular to a tension-compression-torsion loading measurement device suitable for a special-shaped component and an operation method, and the tension-compression-torsion loading measurement device suitable for the special-shaped component comprises a tension-compression unbalance loading assembly, a torsion assembly and a counterforce assembly. The tension-compression unbalance loading assembly comprises a jack, and the jack and the counter-force assembly are located at the two ends of the special-shaped component respectively. The two torsion assemblies are located at the two ends of the special-shaped component correspondingly, and each torsion assembly comprises a torsion fluted disc, a magnetic chain and two telescopic toothed plates. An inner ring of the torsion fluted disc is a polygonal hole, a plurality of electromagnetic blocks repelling the magnetic chains are arranged in the circumferential direction of the inner ring of the torsion fluted disc, the magnetic chains are wound around loading positions at the two ends of the special-shaped component, and the magnetic chains are attached to the special-shaped component through the electromagnetic blocks; the loading position of the special-shaped component can be effectively prevented from being damaged earlier than the non-loading position in the loading process, the length of the magnetic chain can be adjusted according to the lengths of the outer contours of the sections of different special-shaped components, and adaptability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of stress detection, and particularly relates to a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device and an operation method applicable to special-shaped components. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of architecture, bridges, and mechanical engineering, special-shaped components are widely used in load-bearing structures and support components. These special-shaped components usually have complex geometric shapes and structural forms, such as beams, columns, and joints in the shapes of M, N, and X. In actual use, these special-shaped components are often subjected to various complex mechanical actions, mainly including the combined action of multiple forces such as tension, compression, and torsion, and there are often cases of combined eccentric tension-compression and torsion. In order to obtain the accurate bearing capacity of special-shaped components, it is necessary to accurately test the mechanical properties of these special-shaped components under different stress conditions.

[0003] Traditional test loading devices usually use rectangular fixtures to fix components, which are only applicable to components with regular shapes. However, when loading special-shaped components, the clamping ends are prone to local failure earlier than the main body of the special-shaped components, making it difficult to meet the test requirements of special-shaped components. In addition, most of the existing loading devices are of a single mechanical loading type, and can only achieve pure compression or pure torsion, unable to meet the tensile-compressive-torsional combined loading requirements of special-shaped components under actual working conditions; at the same time, it is necessary to additionally install a torsional angle measuring instrument, and the torsional angle needs to be manually read or converted, resulting in certain errors. Therefore, the present invention proposes a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device and an operation method applicable to special-shaped components to solve the problems of difficult combined loading test of special-shaped components, cumbersome torsional angle test process, and low accuracy in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components to solve the problems of difficult tensile-torsion test and cumbersome operation of existing special-shaped components.

[0005] The technical solution of a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A tensile-compressive-torsional loading and measuring device applicable to special-shaped components, comprising a tensile-compressive eccentric loading assembly, a torsional assembly and a reaction force assembly; the tensile-compressive eccentric loading assembly includes a support, a turntable, a sliding clamp and a jack; the support is fixedly arranged, the turntable is installed on the support and can rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the extending direction of the special-shaped component; the sliding clamp is slidably installed on the turntable along the radial direction of the turntable, and the jack is installed on the sliding clamp for applying a tensile force or a compressive force to the special-shaped component along the extending direction of the special-shaped component; the reaction force assembly is used for installing the other end of the special-shaped component, and its installation position is adjustable; there are two torsional assemblies, which are respectively located at both ends of the special-shaped component. The torsional assembly includes a torsional tooth disc, a magnetic chain and two telescopic tooth plates. The magnetic chain is wound around the outside of the special-shaped component; the inner ring of the torsional tooth disc is a polygonal hole. The torsional tooth disc is sleeved outside the magnetic chain outside the special-shaped component, and a plurality of electromagnetic blocks repulsive to the magnetic chain are arranged on the circumferential direction of its inner ring, so that the magnetic chain is attached to the surface of the special-shaped component under the repulsive force and plays a clamping role; the telescopic tooth plates of the two torsional assemblies are respectively installed on the reaction force assembly and the support; the two telescopic tooth plates of the same torsional assembly are respectively located on both sides of the torsional tooth disc and are both meshed with the torsional tooth disc; the two telescopic tooth plates can expand and contract in opposite directions to drive the torsional tooth disc to rotate, and the telescopic tooth plate installed on the support and the torsional tooth disc meshed with it can move synchronously along the extending direction of the special-shaped component.

[0007] Optionally, the telescopic tooth plate includes a kit, a limit rack and an electric telescopic rod; the kit of one of the torsional assemblies is slidably installed on the support along the extending direction of the special-shaped component, and the kit of the other torsional assembly is fixed to the reaction force assembly; the limit rack is perpendicular to the extending direction of the special-shaped component and is slidably installed on the kit along its own extending direction; there are two electric telescopic rods, which are respectively located at both ends of the limit rack and are both installed on the kit; the two electric telescopic rods alternately extend and contract to drive the limit rack to move.

[0008] Optionally, an electronic measurement module is arranged in the electric telescopic rod for detecting the telescopic amount in real time and transmitting it to a computer for conversion to record the real-time torsional angle.

[0009] Optionally, the support includes side plates, support sliding rods and support columns. There are two support columns, which are both vertically arranged with the side plates and are located on the side of the side plates close to the reaction force assembly; there are four support sliding rods, all of which extend horizontally and are distributed in a matrix. Each support sliding rod is respectively connected to the support column and the side plate; there are two kits of the same telescopic tooth plate, which are respectively slidably installed on two support sliding rods located in the same plane; the two support sliding rods located in the same vertical plane are connected to the same support column, and the turntable is rotatably installed on the side plate.

[0010] Optionally, a circular groove is formed on the side plate, and the turntable is rotatably installed in the circular groove.

[0011] Optionally, a chuck is detachably installed at the top end of the jack. The chuck is used to connect with the special-shaped member, and then apply a tensile force to the special-shaped member; the jack directly abuts against the special-shaped member to apply a compressive force to the special-shaped member.

[0012] Optionally, the magnetic chain is composed of multiple chain links. A permanent magnet block is installed on each chain link. Two adjacent chain links are hinged by a pin shaft, and two adjacent chain links are detachable to adjust the length of the magnetic chain according to the outer contour length of the special-shaped member.

[0013] Optionally, a buckle is provided at one end of the magnetic chain for connecting and buckling with the other end of the magnetic chain after the magnetic chain is wound around the special-shaped member.

[0014] Optionally, the reaction force assembly includes a rigid support and a reaction force pedestal. The reaction force pedestal is fixedly arranged, and its fixed position is adjustable. The rigid support is horizontally arranged and fixed on the side of the reaction force pedestal close to the support. The kit of another torsion assembly is fixed on the rigid support.

[0015] A method for measuring the tension, compression and torsion loading of a special-shaped member, using the above-mentioned tension, compression and torsion loading measuring device for special-shaped members, includes the following steps:

[0016] S10, select the fixed position of the reaction force assembly according to the length of the special-shaped member;

[0017] S20, adjust the length of the magnetic chain according to the outer contour length of the cross-section of the special-shaped member to achieve a better fitting effect;

[0018] S30, place the special-shaped member in the hollow part of the torsion sprockets of the two torsion assemblies and sleeved with magnetic chains at the loading positions at both ends of the special-shaped member;

[0019] S40, energize the electromagnet to make the magnetic chain fit and lock the special-shaped member, and adjust the magnetic force of the electromagnet to align the geometric center of the special-shaped member with the center of the torsion sprocket;

[0020] S50, adjust the pressure application position of the jack according to the need to fix the special-shaped member;

[0021] S60, select to apply equal and opposite torques to the torsion sprockets of the two torsion assemblies according to the actual stress situation of the test special-shaped member, or only apply torque to a single torsion sprocket; or start the two telescopic tooth plates above and below the jack and the torsion sprocket at the same time to make the special-shaped member simultaneously receive tensile-torsion or compressive-torsion composite loading;

[0022] S70, convert the torsion angle through the elongation of the telescopic tooth plate.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention winds magnetic chains around the loading positions at both ends of the special-shaped component, and uses electromagnetic blocks to make the magnetic chains fit with the special-shaped component, which can effectively prevent the loading positions of the special-shaped component from being damaged earlier than the non-loading positions during the loading process, and the length of the magnetic chain can be adjusted according to the cross-sectional outer contour length of different special-shaped components, with strong adaptability.

[0024] Furthermore, the present invention can not only realize the tension, compression torsion and eccentric tension, compression torsion loading tests of special-shaped components, but also realize the free torsion and constrained torsion loading of special-shaped components through the coordinated use of two torsion gear discs, with a wide range of applications.

[0025] Furthermore, the torsion of the special-shaped component is driven by the expansion and contraction of the telescopic toothed plate to drive the torsion gear disc to rotate, and the elongation of the telescopic toothed plate can be used as the arc length corresponding to the torsion angle, and then the torsion angle of the special-shaped component can be converted. It is simple, fast and highly accurate, and no additional torsion angle measuring instrument is required during the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the limit rack and the torsion gear disc in an embodiment of a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the side plate, turntable and sliding clamp in an embodiment of a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic sectional view of the telescopic toothed plate and the torsion gear disc in an embodiment of a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6This is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic chain in an embodiment of a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device for special-shaped components according to the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1, special-shaped component; 21, side plate; 22, turntable; 23, sliding clamp; 24, jack; 241, chuck; 25, support slide bar; 26, support column; 31, telescopic tooth plate; 311, kit; 312, electric telescopic rod; 313, limit rack; 32, torsion gear disk; 321, electromagnetic block; 33, magnetic chain; 331, buckle; 332, pin shaft; 333, link; 334, permanent magnet block; 41, rigid support; 42, reaction pedestal. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] An embodiment of a tensile-compressive-torsional loading measurement device for special-shaped components according to the present invention, as Figures 1 to 6 shown, includes a tensile-compressive eccentric loading assembly, a torsion assembly, and a reaction assembly.

[0036] The tensile-compressive eccentric loading assembly includes a support, a turntable 22, a sliding clamp 23, and a jack 24; the support is fixedly arranged, the turntable 22 is installed on the support and can rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the extension direction of the special-shaped component 1; the sliding clamp 23 is slidably installed on the turntable 22 along the radial direction of the turntable 22, and the jack 24 is installed on the sliding clamp 23 for applying a tensile force or a compressive force to the special-shaped component 1 along the extension direction of the special-shaped component 1.

[0037] The reaction assembly is used to install the other end of the special-shaped component 1, and its installation position is adjustable.

[0038] There are two torsion components, which are respectively located at both ends of the special-shaped component 1. The torsion component includes a torsion gear disk 32, a magnetic chain 33 and two telescopic tooth plates 31. The magnetic chain 33 is closely wound around the outside of the special-shaped component 1. The inner ring of the torsion gear disk 32 is a polygonal hole. The torsion gear disk 32 is sleeved outside the magnetic chain 33 outside the special-shaped component 1, and a plurality of electromagnetic blocks 321 that repel the magnetic chain 33 are arranged on the inner ring in the circumferential direction, so that the magnetic chain 33 fits on the surface of the special-shaped component 1 under the repulsive force and plays a clamping role. The telescopic tooth plates 31 of the two torsion components are respectively installed on the reaction force component and the support; the two telescopic tooth plates 31 of the same torsion component are respectively located on both sides of the torsion gear disk 32, and both are engaged with the torsion gear disk 32, and the torsion gear disk 32 is coaxial with the turntable 22. The two telescopic tooth plates 31 can expand and contract in opposite directions to drive the torsion gear disk 32 to rotate, and the telescopic tooth plate 31 installed on the support and the torsion gear disk 32 engaged with it can move synchronously along the extension direction of the special-shaped component 1.

[0039] During measurement, both ends of the special-shaped component 1 respectively pass through the torsion gear disks 32 of the two torsion components. The magnetic chain 33 is wound around the loading positions at both ends of the special-shaped component 1, and the electromagnetic block 321 is used to make the magnetic chain 33 fit the special-shaped component 1, which can effectively prevent the loading position of the special-shaped component 1 from being damaged earlier than the non-loading position during the loading process. Moreover, the length of the magnetic chain 33 can be adjusted according to the cross-sectional outer contour length of different special-shaped components 1, with strong adaptability. The two telescopic tooth plates 31 of the same torsion component can expand and contract in opposite directions to drive the torsion gear disk 32 to rotate, and then drive the special-shaped component 1 to twist. The telescopic tooth plates 31 of the two torsion components cooperate to drive both ends of the special-shaped component 1 to twist in opposite directions, and then conduct a free torsion loading test on the special-shaped component 1. When the telescopic tooth plate 31 of one torsion component is stationary and the two telescopic tooth plates 31 of the other torsion component expand and contract in opposite directions, a constrained torsion loading test can be conducted on the special-shaped component 1. In addition, the jack 24 can stretch the special-shaped component 1, and the jack 24 can move synchronously with the sliding clamp 23 to change its deflection position relative to the center of the turntable 22. Acting together with the torsion component can realize the tensile, compressive torsion and eccentric tensile and compressive torsion loading tests of the special-shaped component 1.

[0040] Furthermore, by driving the torsion gear disk 32 to rotate through the expansion and contraction of the telescopic tooth plate 31 and then twisting the special-shaped component 1, the elongation of the telescopic tooth plate 31 can be used as the arc length corresponding to the torsion angle, and then the torsion angle of the special-shaped component 1 can be converted. It is simple, fast and highly accurate, and there is no need to additionally equip a torsion angle measuring instrument during the test.

[0041] In this embodiment, the telescopic toothed plate 31 includes a kit 311, a limit rack 313, and an electric telescopic rod 312; the kit 311 of one torsion assembly is slidably mounted on the support along the extension direction of the special-shaped member 1, and the kit 311 of the other torsion assembly is fixed to the reaction force assembly. The limit rack 313 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the special-shaped member 1 and is slidably mounted on the kit 311 along its own extension direction; tooth grooves are formed on the limit rack 313, and the teeth on the torsion gear disc 32 cooperate with the tooth grooves on the limit rack 313, so that the torsion gear disc 32 can slide synchronously with the limit rack 313 along the extension direction of the special-shaped member 1 to adapt to the length change of the special-shaped member 1 caused by torsion. There are two electric telescopic rods 312, which are respectively located at both ends of the limit rack 313 and are both mounted on the kit 311; the two electric telescopic rods 312 alternately extend and contract to drive the limit rack 313 to move.

[0042] In this embodiment, an electronic measurement module is provided inside the electric telescopic rod 312, which is used to detect the telescopic amount in real time and transmit it to a computer for conversion to record the real-time torsion angle. In some other embodiments, an electric telescopic rod 312 that can display the telescopic amount can also be selected, and the torsion angle can be calculated manually or by a computer by recording the telescopic amounts of the respective electric telescopic rods 312.

[0043] In this embodiment, the support includes side plates 21, support sliding rods 25, and support columns 26. There are two support columns 26, which are both vertically arranged with the side plates 21 and are located on the side of the side plates 21 close to the reaction force assembly; there are four support sliding rods 25, all of which extend horizontally and are distributed in a matrix. Each support sliding rod 25 is respectively connected to the support column 26 and the side plate 21; there are two kits 311 of the same telescopic toothed plate 31, which are respectively slidably mounted on two support sliding rods 25 in the same plane, and the two support sliding rods 25 in the same vertical plane are connected to the same support column 26. The turntable 22 is rotatably mounted on the side plate 21. Specifically, a circular groove is formed on the side plate 21, and the turntable 22 is rotatably mounted in the circular groove through a bearing or a roller shaft.

[0044] In this embodiment, a chuck 241 is detachably mounted at the end of the jack 24, and the chuck 241 is used to connect to the special-shaped member 1, thereby applying a tensile force to the special-shaped member 1; the jack 24 directly abuts against the special-shaped member 1 to apply a compressive force to the special-shaped member 1.

[0045] In this embodiment, the magnetic chain 33 is composed of a plurality of chain links 333. A permanent magnet block 334 is mounted on each chain link 333. Adjacent two chain links 333 are hinged by a pin shaft 332, and adjacent two chain links 333 are detachable to adjust the length of the magnetic chain 33 according to the outer contour length of the special-shaped member 1.

[0046] In this embodiment, one end of the magnetic chain 33 is provided with a buckle 331 for connecting and buckling with the other end of the magnetic chain 33 after the magnetic chain 33 is wound around the special-shaped member 1.

[0047] In this embodiment, the reaction force assembly includes a rigid support 41 and a reaction force pedestal 42. The reaction force pedestal 42 is fixedly arranged and its fixed position is adjustable. The rigid support 41 is horizontally arranged and fixed on the side of the reaction force pedestal 42 close to the support. The kit 311 of another torsion assembly is fixed on the rigid support 41. Specifically, there are four rigid supports 41, which are distributed in a matrix. There are two kits 311 of the same telescopic tooth plate 31, which are respectively fixedly installed on two rigid supports 41 located in the same plane.

[0048] A tension-compression-torsion loading measurement operation method for special-shaped members according to the present invention, using the above-mentioned tension-compression-torsion loading measurement device for special-shaped members, includes the following steps:

[0049] S10, select the fixed position of the reaction force assembly according to the length of the special-shaped member 1;

[0050] S20, adjust the length of the magnetic chain 33 according to the outer contour length of the cross-section of the special-shaped member 1 to achieve a better fitting effect;

[0051] S30, place the special-shaped member 1 in the hollow part of the torsion discs 32 of the two torsion assemblies and sleeved with the magnetic chains 33 at the loading positions at both ends of the special-shaped member 1;

[0052] S40, energize the electromagnet to make the magnetic chain 33 adhere to and lock the special-shaped member 1, and adjust the magnetic force of the electromagnet to align the geometric center of the special-shaped member 1 with the center of the torsion disc 32;

[0053] S50, adjust the pressure application position of the jack 24 as needed to fix the special-shaped member 1;

[0054] S60, select to apply equal and opposite torques to the torsion discs 32 of the two torsion assemblies according to the actual force condition of the test special-shaped member 1, or only apply torque to a single torsion disc 32; or start the upper and lower telescopic tooth plates 31 of the jack 24 and the torsion disc 32 at the same time to make the special-shaped member 1 simultaneously subjected to tension-torsion or compression-torsion composite loading;

[0055] S70, convert the torsional angle through the elongation of the telescopic tooth plate 31.

[0056] Among them, when performing combined tension and torsion loading, one end of the special-shaped member 1 is connected to the chuck 241 of the jack 24, and the other end needs to be fixed to the reaction pedestal 42 of the reaction assembly. When performing eccentric tension, compression and torsion loading tests, it is necessary to adjust the position of the sliding clamp 23 on the turntable 22, thereby changing the connection position between the jack 24 and the special-shaped member 1, and after adjustment, it is necessary to fix the position of the sliding clamp 23 on the turntable 22 to prevent slipping during the torsion process.

[0057] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components, characterized in that: It includes tension and compression eccentric load components, torsion components and reaction force components; The tension and compression bias load assembly includes a support, a turntable, a sliding clamp and a jack; the support is fixedly arranged, the turntable is installed on the support and can rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the extension direction of the special-shaped component; the sliding clamp is installed on the turntable along the radial direction of the turntable, and the jack is installed on the sliding clamp, and is used to apply tension or pressure to the special-shaped component along the extension direction of the special-shaped component; The reaction force assembly is used to install the other end of the special-shaped component, and its installation position is adjustable; There are two torsion assemblies, which are respectively located at the two ends of the special-shaped component. The torsion assemblies include a torsion toothed disc, a magnetic chain and two telescopic toothed plates. The magnetic chain is fitted and wound around the outside of the special-shaped component. The inner circle of the torsion toothed disc is a polygonal hole. The torsion toothed disc is sleeved on the outside of the magnetic chain outside the special-shaped component, and a plurality of electromagnetic blocks that repel the magnetic chain are arranged on the circumference of its inner circle, so that the magnetic chain fits on the surface of the special-shaped component under the repulsive force and plays a clamping role. The telescopic toothed plates of the two torsion assemblies are respectively installed on the reaction force assembly and the support. The two telescopic toothed plates of the same torsion assembly are respectively located on both sides of the torsion toothed disc and are both engaged with the torsion toothed disc. The two telescopic toothed plates can be extended and retracted in opposite directions to drive the torsion toothed disc to rotate, and the telescopic toothed plate installed on the support and the torsion toothed disc engaged therewith can move synchronously along the extension direction of the special-shaped component.

2. A tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic tooth plate includes a kit, a limit rack and an electric telescopic rod; the kit of one torsion component is slidably installed on the support along the extension direction of the special-shaped component, and the kit of the other torsion component is fixed to the reaction force component; the limit rack is perpendicular to the extension direction of the special-shaped component and is slidably installed on the kit along its own extension direction; there are two electric telescopic rods, which are located at both ends of the limit rack and are both installed on the kit; the two electric telescopic rods extend and contract alternately to drive the limit rack to move.

3. A tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 2, characterized in that: An electronic measuring module is provided inside the electric telescopic rod for detecting the telescopic amount in real time and transmitting the information to a computer for conversion to record the real-time torsion angle.

4. The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support includes a side plate, a support slide bar and a support column. There are two support columns, which are vertically arranged with the side plate and located on the side of the side plate close to the reaction force assembly; there are four support slide bars, which extend horizontally and are distributed in a matrix, and each support slide bar is respectively connected to the support column and the side plate; there are two sets of the same telescopic tooth plate, which are respectively slidably installed on two support slide bars located in the same plane, and the two support slide bars located in the same vertical plane are connected to the same support column; The turntable is rotatably mounted on the side plate.

5. A tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 4, characterized in that: A circular groove is provided on the side plate, and the turntable is rotatably installed in the circular groove.

6. The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chuck is detachably mounted on the top of the jack, and the chuck is used to connect with the special-shaped component, thereby applying a pulling force to the special-shaped component; the jack directly contacts the special-shaped component to apply pressure to the special-shaped component.

7. The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic chain is composed of a plurality of chain links, each of which is equipped with a permanent magnet block. Two adjacent chain links are hinged by a pin shaft, and the two adjacent chain links are detachable to adjust the length of the magnetic chain according to the outer contour length of the special-shaped component.

8. The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device for special-shaped components according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the magnetic chain is provided with a buckle, which is used to connect and buckle with the other end of the magnetic chain after the magnetic chain is wound around the special-shaped component.

9. The tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device suitable for special-shaped components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reaction force assembly includes a rigid support and a reaction force pedestal. The reaction force pedestal is fixedly arranged and its fixed position is adjustable. The rigid support is horizontally arranged and fixed on one side of the reaction force pedestal close to the support. Another torsion assembly kit is fixed on the rigid support.

10. A tension, compression and torsion loading measurement operation method applicable to special-shaped components, using a tension, compression and torsion loading measurement device applicable to special-shaped components according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, selecting a fixed position of the reaction force assembly according to the length of the special-shaped component; S20, adjusting the length of the magnetic chain according to the outer contour length of the cross section of the special-shaped component to achieve a better fitting effect; S30, placing the special-shaped member in the hollow part of the torsion gear discs of the two torsion assemblies and sleeve magnetic chains at the loading positions at both ends of the special-shaped member; S40, energizing the electromagnet to make the magnetic chain adhere to and lock the special-shaped component, and adjusting the magnetic force of the electromagnet to align the geometric center of the special-shaped component with the center of the torsion gear disk; S50, adjusting the pressure position of the jack as needed to fix the special-shaped component; S60, according to the actual stress condition of the tested special-shaped component, the torsion toothed discs of the two torsion assemblies are selected to apply torques of equal magnitude and opposite directions, or only the torsion toothed disc is selected to apply torque; or the jack and the two telescopic toothed plates above and below the torsion toothed disc are simultaneously started to make the special-shaped component be subjected to tension-torsion or compression-torsion combined loading at the same time; S70, converting the torsion angle according to the elongation of the telescopic tooth plate.

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