Compound feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of magnesium alloy materials, and the magnesium alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0-25.8% of Dy, 1.0-5.8% of Sm, 0.2-0.4% of Zr, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities. The invention further provides a preparation method of the magnesium alloy material for shielding the neutron rays, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing all the component raw materials according to the weight, and preheating all the component raw materials; s2, all the component raw materials preheated in the step S1 are melted; and S3, after all the component raw materials in the S2 are completely molten, deslagging, casting and cooling are conducted, and the magnesium alloy material is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a compound feed additive, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the pickled mustard processing industry, a large amount of high-salt waste (such as pickled vegetable leaves, rhizomes, etc.) is generated every year, and its salt content is as high as 3-8%. The traditional treatment method is mainly landfill. However, direct landfill of such waste is likely to cause soil salinization, damage the ecological environment, and result in serious waste of resources. At the same time, the traditional feed additives widely used in the livestock industry rely too much on antibiotics, and there are risks of drug residues, drug resistance, and food safety hazards.

[0003] In the Chinese invention with the publication number of CN111658706A, a traditional Chinese medicine additive for feeds is disclosed. Calculated by weight parts, it includes the following components: 60-100 parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, 40-80 parts of Poria cocos, 30-70 parts of Aucklandia lappa, 60-100 parts of Rheum palmatum, 20-60 parts of Coptis chinensis, 40-80 parts of Phellodendron amurense, 35-65 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 40-80 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 25-75 parts of Rehmannia glutinosa, 45-75 parts of Citrus reticulata peel, 25-55 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis; the above traditional Chinese medicine additive is directly formulated with raw medicinal materials and used after being pulverized, and it is not synergistically utilized with pickled mustard waste, and the release rate of its active ingredients is low; while in the Chinese invention with the publication number of CN104431319A, a fermented chicken feed containing traditional Chinese medicine and soybean dregs is disclosed. Although pickled mustard is added thereto, it is added in the form of pickled mustard finished products, rather than for the resource utilization of pickled mustard waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound feed additive, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems of difficult resource utilization of pickled mustard waste and insufficient performance of feed additives in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A compound feed additive, calculated by mass percentage, includes

[0007] 60-70% of pickled mustard waste powder;

[0008] 20-30% of traditional Chinese medicine active components; and

[0009] 5-10% of compound probiotic agents.

[0010] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine active components are water extraction / alcohol extraction extracts composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Crataegus pinnatifida, Atractylodes macrocephala, Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f., Citrus reticulata peel, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Poria cocos, and Medicago sativa L., and the mass ratio of each traditional Chinese medicine is 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5.

[0011] Preferably, the compound probiotic agent comprises Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the viable count is ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0012] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a compound feed additive, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Desalinate the pickled mustard waste by a three-stage countercurrent spraying method, and then carry out drying and pulverization to obtain the pickled mustard waste powder;

[0014] S2. Weigh each traditional Chinese medicine according to the amount, first carry out dynamic countercurrent extraction on each traditional Chinese medicine, and then carry out membrane separation and concentration until the solid content is ≥ 50% to obtain the active components of the traditional Chinese medicine;

[0015] S3. Mix the pickled mustard waste powder prepared in S1, the active components of the traditional Chinese medicine prepared in S2, and the compound probiotic agent prepared according to the amount, and then carry out fermentation, granulation, and drying until the moisture content is ≤ 8% to obtain the compound feed additive.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the water temperature of the three-stage countercurrent spraying is 40 - 50°C, the water-to-material ratio is 3:1, and the desalination rate is ≥ 90%.

[0017] Preferably, the particle size of the pickled mustard waste powder is 80 - 100 mesh.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1, the drying method is specifically: first carry out heat pump drying at 50°C for 2 h, and then carry out vacuum drying at 40°C until the moisture content is ≤ 8%.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the specific operation of the dynamic countercurrent extraction is: first pulverize each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 according to the material-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract at 80°C for 3 times, 1 h each time.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the fermentation method is specifically: ferment at 35°C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application of the compound feed additive in chicken feed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention solves the problem of difficult resource utilization of mustard tuber waste through a desalination-fermentation coupling process, reduces the landfill volume of mustard tuber waste, avoids soil salinization and groundwater pollution, and combines with a specific traditional Chinese medicine composition, which can effectively reduce the usage amount of traditional Chinese medicine in feed additives, reduce the usage cost of traditional Chinese medicine, and achieve the dual goals of "resource utilization of waste + functional efficiency enhancement".

[0024] 2. The compound feed additive prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the production performance of animals during application. Its comprehensive nutritional indicators are significantly better than those of traditional antibiotic additives, can effectively avoid the risks of drug residues and drug resistance, and eliminate food safety hazards.

[0025] 3. Through resource integration, process innovation and functional coordination, the present invention realizes the efficient resource utilization of mustard tuber waste, the green functionalization of feed additives, and the substantial optimization of production costs, combines environmental friendliness and economic benefits, provides a practical solution for the sustainable development of the livestock industry, and is suitable for large-scale promotion.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description, and will also be understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved objectives and functions of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners:

[0028] Example 1

[0029] S1. The mustard tuber waste is subjected to countercurrent spray desalination at a water temperature of 40°C and a water-to-material ratio of 3:1 to obtain desalinated residue with a desalination rate of 99.2%. Then, the desalinated residue is first dried by a heat pump at 50°C for 2 h, immediately vacuum dried at 40°C until the moisture content is 8%, and finally pulverized to 80 mesh by an air flow pulverizer to obtain mustard tuber waste powder.

[0030] S2. Astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, Atractylodes macrocephala, malt, tangerine peel, licorice, Poria cocos and medicated leaven are weighed in a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Each traditional Chinese medicine is pulverized to 40 mesh, and a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 is added at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extraction is carried out 3 times at 80°C for 1 h each time. Subsequently, macromolecular impurities are removed through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract traditional Chinese medicine active components with a solid content of 50%.

[0031] S3. Put 700 kg of pickled mustard waste powder, 200 kg of traditional Chinese medicine active components, 75 kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 25 kg of lactic acid bacteria into a twin-screw mixer rotating at 25 rpm, mix for 15 min, then ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, use a ring die granulator to form, and dry in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 8% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] S1. Carry out countercurrent spray desalination of pickled mustard waste under the conditions of a water temperature of 40 °C and a water-to-material ratio of 3:1 to obtain a desalted residue with a desalination rate of 99%. Then, first heat pump dry the desalted residue at 50 °C for 2 h, immediately vacuum dry it at 40 °C until the moisture content is 6%, and finally pulverize it to 100 mesh with an air flow pulverizer to obtain pickled mustard waste powder.

[0034] S2. Weigh astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, atractylodes macrocephala, malt, tangerine peel, licorice, poria cocos, and divaricate saposhnikovia root in a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5, pulverize each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 according to a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Subsequently, remove macromolecular impurities through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract traditional Chinese medicine active components with a solid content of 52%.

[0035] S3. Put 700 kg of pickled mustard waste powder, 300 kg of traditional Chinese medicine active components, 75 kg of Bacillus subtilis, and 25 kg of lactic acid bacteria into a twin-screw mixer rotating at 25 rpm, mix for 15 min, then ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, use a ring die granulator to form, and dry in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 7% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] S1. Carry out countercurrent spray desalination of pickled mustard waste under the conditions of a water temperature of 40 °C and a water-to-material ratio of 3:1 to obtain a desalted residue with a desalination rate of 98%. Then, first heat pump dry the desalted residue at 50 °C for 2 h, immediately vacuum dry it at 40 °C until the moisture content is 7%, and finally pulverize it to 90 mesh with an air flow pulverizer to obtain pickled mustard waste powder.

[0038] S2. Weigh astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, atractylodes macrocephala, malt, dried tangerine peel, liquorice, poria cocos and medicated leaven in a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Crush each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with pH 6.5 according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Then remove macromolecular impurities through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract the active components of traditional Chinese medicine with a solid content of 55%;

[0039] S3. Put 700 kg of pickled mustard waste powder, 250 kg of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, 37.5 kg of bacillus subtilis and 12.5 kg of lactic acid bacteria into a twin-screw mixer rotating at 25 rpm and mix for 15 min. Then ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, use a ring die granulator to form it, and dry it in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 7% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] S1. Carry out countercurrent spray desalination on pickled mustard waste under the conditions of a water temperature of 40 °C and a water-to-material ratio of 3:1 to obtain desalted residue with a desalination rate of 99%. Then first heat pump dry the desalted residue at 50 °C for 2 h, immediately vacuum dry it at 40 °C until the moisture content is 8%, and finally crush it to 70 mesh with an air classifier to obtain pickled mustard waste powder;

[0042] S2. Weigh astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, atractylodes macrocephala, malt, dried tangerine peel, liquorice, poria cocos and medicated leaven in a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Crush each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with pH 6.5 according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Then remove macromolecular impurities through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract the active components of traditional Chinese medicine with a solid content of 50%;

[0043] S3. Put 700 kg of pickled mustard waste powder, 270 kg of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, 60 kg of bacillus subtilis and 20 kg of lactic acid bacteria into a twin-screw mixer rotating at 25 rpm and mix for 15 min. Then ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, use a ring die granulator to form it, and dry it in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 5% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] S1. The pickled mustard waste is subjected to countercurrent spray desalination at a water temperature of 40 °C and a water-to-material ratio of 3:1 to obtain desalted residue with a desalination rate of 99.2%. Then, the desalted residue is first dried by a heat pump at 50 °C for 2 h, immediately followed by vacuum drying at 40 °C until the moisture content is 8%. Finally, it is pulverized to 80 mesh by an air jet mill to obtain pickled mustard waste powder;

[0046] S2. Weigh astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, atractylodes macrocephala, malt, tangerine peel, licorice, poria cocos, and medicated leaven according to a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Crush each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 according to a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Subsequently, macromolecular impurities are removed through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract the traditional Chinese medicine active components with a solid content of 50%;

[0047] S3. Put 800 kg of pickled mustard waste powder and 200 kg of traditional Chinese medicine active components into a twin-screw mixer with a rotation speed of 25 rpm and mix for 15 min. Then, ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, it is formed by a ring die granulator and dried in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 8% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0048] Control Example 2

[0049] S1. Weigh astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn, atractylodes macrocephala, malt, tangerine peel, licorice, poria cocos, and medicated leaven according to a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Crush each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 according to a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Subsequently, macromolecular impurities are removed through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract the traditional Chinese medicine active components with a solid content of 50%;

[0050] S2. Put 900 kg of traditional Chinese medicine active components, 75 kg of bacillus subtilis, and 25 kg of lactic acid bacteria into a twin-screw mixer with a rotation speed of 25 rpm and mix for 15 min. Then, ferment the mixed material at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, it is formed by a ring die granulator and dried in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 8% to obtain a compound feed additive.

[0051] Control Example 3

[0052] S1. Weigh Astragalus membranaceus, Hawthorn fruit, Atractylodes macrocephala, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Licorice root, Poria cocos, and Medicated leaven according to a mass ratio of 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:5. Crush each traditional Chinese medicine to 40 mesh, add a buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract 3 times at 80 °C for 1 h each time. Subsequently, remove macromolecular impurities through a 100 kDa ultrafiltration membrane to extract the active components of traditional Chinese medicine with a solid content of 50%.

[0053] S2. Take 1000 kg of the active components of traditional Chinese medicine and ferment them at 35 °C and a humidity of 65% for 48 h, and turn the pile and ventilate every 12 h. Subsequently, use a ring die granulator to form the product, and dry it in a fluidized bed (65 °C) until the moisture content is 8% to obtain the compound feed additive.

[0054] For the compound feed additives prepared in the above examples and comparative examples, detect the crude protein, flavonoid substances, and viable bacteria count in them according to GB / T 6432-2018 "Determination of Crude Protein in Feeds", GB / T 23788-2009 "Determination of Total Flavonoids in Feeds", and GB 4789.35-2016 "Food Microbiology Examination - Lactic Acid Bacteria Examination". The detection results are shown in Table 1. At the same time, apply the compound feed additives prepared in the above examples and comparative examples to chicken feed for a broiler feeding test (where the addition amount of the compound feed additive accounts for 2% of the mass of the chicken feed), and detect the average daily gain, feed-to-meat ratio, diarrhea rate, and egg quality of the broilers. The detection results are shown in Table 2.

[0055]

[0056] Table 1 Detection Results of Compound Feed Additives

[0057]

[0058] (Note: In the table, "+" represents an increase, and "-" represents a decrease)

[0059] Table 2 Detection Results of Broiler Feeding Test

[0060] As shown in Table 1, among the detection data of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the addition amount of the compound probiotic agent has the greatest impact on the crude protein content, followed by the active components of traditional Chinese medicine, and finally the powder of mustard waste; the content of flavonoid substances is positively correlated with the active components of traditional Chinese medicine; and the viable bacteria count is positively correlated with the addition amount of the compound probiotic agent.

[0061] As shown in Table 2, for average daily gain and feed-to-meat ratio, the compound feed additive prepared in Examples 1-4 was added. Since it is rich in crude protein and live bacteria, it can synergistically promote nutrient absorption and intestinal health. For Comparative Example 1, no compound probiotic agent was added, and the crude protein was low (16.5%), resulting in poor average daily gain and feed-to-meat ratio. For Comparative Example 2, no mustard waste powder was added, resulting in a reduction in fiber and minerals. However, the high flavonoid content (3.8 mg / g) could provide partial compensation, resulting in a limited improvement in average daily gain and feed-to-meat ratio. For Comparative Example 3, neither the compound probiotic agent nor the mustard waste powder was added, resulting in a single nutrient and the worst growth index.

[0062] For the diarrhea rate, it is positively correlated with the number of live bacteria and the content of flavonoid substances. Therefore, the diarrhea rates of Examples 1-4 can all decrease significantly, while the diarrhea rate of Comparative Example 2 decreases close to that of Examples 1-4 because of its high flavonoid content.

[0063] For egg quality, the reduction of cholesterol is due to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by flavonoid substances. Therefore, the higher the flavonoid content, the more the cholesterol content in the egg yolk decreases. For the selenium content, the mustard waste powder is the main source of selenium. Through the compound probiotic agent, the inorganic selenium in the mustard waste powder can be converted into organic selenium and further enriched in the feed. Therefore, the selenium content of the eggs produced by feeding broilers with the compound feed additive prepared in Examples 1-4 is very high.

[0064] In Comparative Example 1, although it contained mustard waste powder, no compound probiotic agent (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus) was added. Therefore, the lack of bacterial conversion of selenium during fermentation led to a decrease in the release efficiency of selenium.

[0065] In Comparative Examples 2-3, no mustard waste powder was contained at all. Selenium only relied on traditional Chinese medicine components (such as Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, etc. which may contain trace amounts of selenium), but the selenium content in traditional Chinese medicine is usually low, and the extraction process may not be able to efficiently enrich selenium.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not restrictive. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, it includes: Mustard tuber waste powder 60-70%; 20-30% active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine; and Compound probiotics 5-10%.

2. A compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active components of the traditional Chinese medicine are water-extracted / alcohol-extracted extracts composed of astragalus, hawthorn, atractylodes, malt, tangerine peel, liquorice, poria and Shenqu, and the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicines is 15:10:10:10:8:5:7:

5.

3. A compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite probiotic comprises Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the number of viable bacteria is ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g.

4. The method for preparing a compound feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Desalting the mustard tuber waste by a three-stage countercurrent spraying method, followed by drying and crushing to obtain mustard tuber waste powder; S2. Weigh each Chinese medicine according to the amount, perform dynamic countercurrent extraction on each Chinese medicine, and then perform membrane separation and concentration to a solid content of ≥50% to obtain the active components of the Chinese medicine; S3. Mix the mustard waste powder prepared in S1, the active components of the traditional Chinese medicine prepared in S2 and the composite probiotics prepared according to the amount, ferment them, and then granulate and dry them until the moisture content is ≤8% to obtain a composite feed additive.

5. A compound feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the water temperature of the three-stage countercurrent spraying is 40-50°C, the water-to-material ratio is 3:1, and the desalination rate is ≥90%.

6. A compound feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the mustard tuber waste powder is 80-100 meshes.

7. A compound feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the drying method is specifically: first heat pump drying at 50°C for 2 hours, and then vacuum drying at 40°C until the moisture content is ≤8%.

8. A compound feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific operation of dynamic countercurrent extraction is: firstly crush each Chinese medicine into 40 meshes, and add pH 6.5 buffer solution at a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, and extract at 80°C for 3 times, each time for 1 hour.

9. A compound feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the fermentation method is specifically as follows: fermentation for 48 hours at 35° C. and 65% humidity, and compost turning and ventilation every 12 hours.

10. Use of a compound feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in chicken feed.

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