A kind of hard turning and hard milling composite machine tool for ball cage inclined groove

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves, relating to the field of ball cage machining technology. It includes a bed component, a rotary component, a spindle component, a sliding saddle component, an integrated loading and unloading machine, a first feeding mechanism, and a second feeding mechanism. The sliding saddle component drives the spindle component to move along the X, Y, and Z axes, thereby adjusting the workpiece position. The integrated loading and unloading machine includes a first loading channel, a second loading channel, a first unloading channel, and a second unloading channel, with a gripping station at the end of the second loading channel. In this invention, the workpiece is clamped once by the spindle fixture, and through the C1 spindle indexing and the oscillation of the rotary component, continuous milling of multiple inclined grooves can be completed, reducing the number of clamping operations and time. The integrated loading and unloading machine and the second feeding mechanism work together to achieve full automation of the workpiece process from automatic loading, positioning detection to machining and unloading, reducing manual intervention and significantly improving production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ball cage machining technology, and in particular to a combined hard turning and hard milling machine tool for ball cage inclined grooves. Background Technology

[0002] In the automotive parts manufacturing industry, the CV joint is a key transmission component, and the machining accuracy of its slanted groove directly affects transmission performance and service life. Traditional CV joint slanted groove machining commonly employs grinding, a process that relies heavily on grinding fluid for cooling and lubrication. This not only leads to environmental pollution and increased waste fluid treatment costs but also easily causes surface burns on the ball joint due to concentrated grinding heat, affecting machining quality. Furthermore, grinding suffers from low processing efficiency, complex equipment adjustments, and cumulative errors due to multi-stage batch clamping, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-precision, automated modern machining.

[0003] With the development of hard turning and hard milling technology, the machining concept of replacing grinding with turning and milling has gradually gained attention. However, existing hard turning and hard milling equipment still faces many challenges in machining the inclined grooves of ball cages:

[0004] 1. Insufficient positioning accuracy: The spindle indexing and rotary table swing mechanism of traditional machine tools are difficult to meet the angular tolerance requirements of inclined grooves, especially when machining multiple grooves in equal sections, angular deviations are prone to occur;

[0005] 2. Poor machine tool stability: The metal bed is prone to deformation during high-speed milling vibration, which affects the surface roughness of the machined surface;

[0006] 3. Low level of automation: Loading and unloading rely on manual or semi-automatic mechanisms, making it impossible to achieve full-process automatic detection, positioning and transfer of workpieces, which restricts the improvement of production efficiency.

[0007] 4. Low processing efficiency: The existing internal holes and grooves require two separate processes and two machines, resulting in low processing efficiency and poor secondary clamping accuracy.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-precision, high-stability hard turning and hard milling composite machine tool with fully automatic loading and unloading functions to solve the defects of traditional grinding processes and promote the green and efficient upgrading of ball cage machining technology. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, the present invention provides a composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves includes a bed assembly, a rotary assembly, a spindle assembly, a slide saddle assembly, an integrated loading and unloading machine, a first feeding mechanism, and a second feeding mechanism.

[0012] The slide saddle component is used to drive the spindle component to move along the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, thereby adjusting the workpiece position;

[0013] The integrated loading and unloading machine includes a first loading channel, a second loading channel, a first unloading channel, and a second unloading channel. The end of the second loading channel is provided with a material gripping station, the beginning of the first unloading channel is provided with a material discharging station, and the side of the second loading channel away from the first unloading channel is provided with a first workpiece positioning device.

[0014] The second feeding mechanism is used to transfer the workpiece between the loading and unloading integrated machine and the first feeding mechanism, and the second feeding mechanism is used to transfer the workpiece between the drive spindle component and the loading and unloading integrated machine.

[0015] The spindle assembly includes a spindle box, inside which a C-spindle rotates, and a spindle clamp is installed at the bottom of the C-spindle.

[0016] The rotating component includes a rotary seat with a U-shaped structure. The two ends of the rotary seat are fixed to the left and right swing spindles, respectively. A milling spindle is installed in the middle of the rotary seat. The milling spindle is inclined at a 20° angle to the cradle rotation center and uses an HSK interface. A turning tool holder is installed on the inner side of the rotary seat. The turning tool holder is installed vertically and uses a VDI interface.

[0017] Preferably, the bed component includes a marble bed, the top of which is provided with a Y-axis ball bearing guide rail, and a chip removal mechanism is installed on the marble bed.

[0018] Preferably, the chip removal mechanism includes a spiral chip conveyor, a chip removal ramp inside the marble bed, and a chip collection frame on one side of the marble bed.

[0019] Preferably, the sliding saddle component includes a saddle seat, which is slidably mounted on a Y-axis ball bearing guide. Y-axis supports and Y-axis motor mounts are respectively provided on both sides of the saddle seat. A Y-axis double ball screw is rotatably mounted between the Y-axis supports and the Y-axis motor mount. The saddle seat is threaded onto the outside of the Y-axis double ball screw. A Y-axis servo motor is fixed on the Y-axis motor mount. The output shaft of the Y-axis servo motor is directly connected to the Y-axis double ball screw through a coupling.

[0020] Preferably, the saddle is provided with an X-axis linear guide rail, a slide saddle is slidably mounted on the X-axis linear guide rail, an X-axis ball screw is threaded inside the slide saddle, an X-axis motor mount and an X-axis support are mounted at both ends of the X-axis ball screw, an X-axis servo motor is fixed on the X-axis motor mount, and the output shaft of the X-axis servo motor is directly connected to the X-axis ball screw through a coupling.

[0021] Preferably, the outer side of the slide saddle is equipped with a Z-axis motor mount, a Z-axis support, and a Z-axis ball screw. The Z-axis servo motor is fixed on the Z-axis motor mount, and the output shaft of the Z-axis motor mount is directly connected to the Z-axis ball screw through a coupling. The spindle box is mounted on the slide saddle through a Z-axis linear guide, and the Z-axis linear guide is threadedly engaged with the Z-axis ball screw.

[0022] Preferably, the top of the C1 spindle is equipped with a rotary cylinder, which is connected to the spindle clamp via a pull rod to control the spindle clamp to loosen and clamp the workpiece. The C1 spindle is equipped with a synchronous pulley, and a motor support frame is installed on the outside of the spindle box. The motor support frame is equipped with a C1 axis servo motor, and a synchronous pulley is installed on the output shaft of the C1 axis servo motor. The synchronous pulley at the end of the C1 spindle is connected to the synchronous pulley at the end of the C1 spindle via a synchronous belt to drive the C1 spindle to rotate. The C1 spindle adopts a high-rigidity milling spindle, and the rear end is equipped with a two-piece end gear structure to control the spindle indexing and positioning function and improve the positioning accuracy.

[0023] Preferably, the left swing spindle is a high-precision, high-rigidity rotary table return bearing structure, and the left swing spindle is directly driven by a left swing spindle servo motor via a high-precision reducer. The right swing spindle is a high-precision tapered bore cylindrical bearing structure, and a hydraulic brake unit is installed on its outer side.

[0024] Preferably, the first feeding mechanism includes a feeding linear guide rail, on which a workpiece unloading platform and a second workpiece positioning device are slidably mounted, and the workpiece unloading platform and the second workpiece positioning device are driven by a feeding cylinder.

[0025] Preferably, the second feeding mechanism includes an A-axis linear guide rail, an A-axis moving bracket slidably mounted on the A-axis linear guide rail, the A-axis moving bracket being driven by an A-axis servo motor, a pneumatic guide rod cylinder mounted on the A-axis moving bracket, a pneumatic gripper rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the pneumatic guide rod cylinder, and a gripper rotation servo motor mounted on the A-axis moving bracket, the gripper rotation servo motor driving the pneumatic gripper to rotate via a synchronous belt.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] The machine tool's spindle assembly employs a unique C-spindle structure and synchronous belt drive, coupled with a high-precision reducer and hydraulic brake unit in the rotary components, ensuring precise spindle indexing and positioning. The specific tilt angle design between the milling spindle and the cradle's rotation center, using an HSK interface, accurately adapts to the ball cage groove pressure angle and facilitates setting the groove tilt angle, reducing groove pressure angle and contour errors, and improving machining accuracy. A turning tool holder is mounted on the inner side of the cradle for turning the ball cage's inner hole or inner spherical surface after milling the groove. The turning tool holder interface uses a VDI interface for easy disassembly and replacement, and provides the high rigidity required for post-heat turning. Simultaneously, the marble bed's excellent vibration damping and thermal stability, combined with the high-precision guideways, lead screws, and linear scales of each axis, provides stable support for high-speed milling, ensuring high precision and consistency in machining.

[0028] The workpiece is clamped once by the spindle fixture, and through the C1 spindle indexing and the oscillation of the rotary component, continuous milling of multiple inclined grooves can be completed, reducing the number of clamping operations and time. The integrated loading and unloading machine and the second feeding mechanism work together to realize the full automation of the workpiece from automatic loading, positioning detection to processing and unloading, reducing manual intervention and significantly improving production efficiency. In addition, dry cutting combined with air cooling not only avoids pollution from grinding fluid, but also achieves automatic chip collection through the chip removal mechanism, keeping the processing environment clean and improving the reliability of equipment operation.

[0029] Multi-sequence composite machining, replacing grinding with turning and milling, is highly efficient. It features a dedicated hydraulic elastic clamping device for reliable clamping and stable precision. Dry cutting and air cooling make it energy-saving and environmentally friendly. The fully automatic feeder, modular grippers and positioning devices make it easy to operate and changeover. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a first-view perspective view of the present invention with its outer casing.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a second-view perspective view of the present invention with its outer casing.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a front view of the present invention without the outer shell;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the present invention without its outer shell;

[0035] Figure 5This is a perspective view of the bed components of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a top view of the bed components of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a front view of the sliding saddle component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a top view of the sliding saddle component of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the sliding saddle component of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a rear view of the spindle component of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the spindle component of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the rotating component of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a right view of the second feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a front view of the second feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a perspective view of the second feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 16 This is a top view of the integrated loading and unloading machine of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 17 This is a perspective view of the first feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 18 This is a perspective view of the workpiece of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 19 This is a top view of the workpiece according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 20 for Figure 19 Sectional view along line AA;

[0051] Figure 21 for Figure 19 Sectional view along the BB direction;

[0052] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the installation angle of the milling spindle on the rotary seat according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation angle of the rotary seat when milling grooves 1, 3, and 5 in this invention;

[0054] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the rotation angle of the rotary seat when milling grooves 2, 4, and 6 in this invention;

[0055] Figure 25 This is a top view of the rotating component of the present invention.

[0056] In the diagram: 1. Bed assembly; 101. Marble bed; 102. Y-axis ball bearing guide; 103. Spiral chip conveyor; 1031. Chip conveying ramp; 1032. Chip collection frame; 2. Rotary assembly; 201. Left swing spindle; 202. Right swing spindle; 203. Hydraulic brake unit; 204. Rotary base; 205. Milling spindle; 206. Left swing spindle servo motor; 207. High-precision reducer; 208. Turning tool holder; 2081. Turning tool; 3. Spindle assembly; 301. Spindle box; 302. Motor support frame; 303. C1 axis servo motor; 304. Z-axis linear guide; 305. C1 spindle; 306. Spindle clamp; 307. Rotary cylinder; 308. Synchronous belt; 4. Saddle assembly; 401. Saddle; 402. Y... Y-axis support; 403, Y-axis motor mount; 4031, Y-axis servo motor; 404, Y-axis double ball screw; 405, saddle; 4051, X-axis motor mount; 4052, X-axis servo motor; 4053, X-axis ball screw; 406, Z-axis support; 4061, Z-axis motor mount; 4062, Z-axis servo motor; 4063, Z... 5. A-axis ball screw; 6. Loading and unloading integrated machine; 501. First loading channel; 502. Second loading channel; 503. Grabbing station; 504. Unloading station; 505. First unloading channel; 506. Second unloading channel; 507. First workpiece positioning device; 6. First feeding mechanism; 601. Feeding linear guide; 602. Feeding cylinder; 603. Workpiece unloading platform; 604. Second workpiece positioning device; 7. Second feeding mechanism; 701. A-axis linear guide; 702. A-axis moving bracket; 703. A-axis servo motor; 704. Pneumatic guide rod cylinder; 705. Pneumatic gripper; 706. Gripping rotary servo motor; 707. Synchronous belt. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0058] Reference Figure 1-25 A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves includes a bed component 1, a rotary component 2, a spindle component 3, a slide saddle component 4, an integrated loading and unloading machine 5, a first feeding mechanism 6, and a second feeding mechanism 7.

[0059] The slide saddle component 4 is used to drive the spindle component 3 to move along the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, thereby adjusting the workpiece position;

[0060] The integrated loading and unloading machine 5 includes a first loading channel 501, a second loading channel 502, a first unloading channel 505, and a second unloading channel 506. The end of the second loading channel 502 is provided with a material gripping station 503, the beginning of the first unloading channel 505 is provided with a material discharging station 504, and the side of the second loading channel 502 away from the first unloading channel 505 is provided with a first workpiece positioning device 507.

[0061] The second feeding mechanism 7 is used to transfer the workpiece between the loading and unloading integrated machine 5 and the first feeding mechanism 6. The second feeding mechanism 7 is used to transfer the workpiece between the drive spindle component 3 and the loading and unloading integrated machine 5.

[0062] The spindle assembly 3 includes a spindle box 301, inside which a C1 spindle 305 rotates, and a spindle clamp 306 is installed at the bottom end of the C1 spindle 305.

[0063] The rotating component 2 includes a rotary seat 204, which has a U-shaped structure. The two ends of the rotary seat 204 are fixed to the left swing spindle 201 and the right swing spindle 202, respectively. A milling spindle 205 is installed in the middle of the rotary seat 204. The milling spindle 205 is inclined at a 20° angle to the rotation center of the cradle. The milling spindle 205 adopts an HSK63 interface to ensure that the contact angle of the tool during milling meets the design requirements and that the pressure angle of the milled product meets the drawing requirements. A turning tool holder 208 is installed on the inner side of the rotary seat. The turning tool holder 208 is installed vertically and a turning tool 2081 is installed on the turning tool holder 208. The turning spindle adopts a VDI interface.

[0064] The bed component 1 includes a marble bed 101, with a Y-axis ball bearing guide rail 102 at the top. A chip removal mechanism is installed on the marble bed 101, including a spiral chip conveyor 103. A chip removal ramp 1031 is provided inside the marble bed 101, and a chip collection frame 1032 is provided on one side of the marble bed 101. During processing, the chips are guided by the chip removal ramp 1031 and slide down into the collection groove. A discharge spiral is provided in the collection groove. By rotating the discharge spiral, the chips can be guided into the chip collection frame 1032 for centralized storage. The bed component 1 is cast from high-quality granite, which ensures excellent stability and excellent shock absorption performance. The shock absorption and thermal stability of cast granite are six to eight times better than those of cast iron.

[0065] The sliding saddle component 4 includes a saddle 405, which is slidably mounted on the Y-axis ball guide rail 102. Y-axis supports 402 and Y-axis motor mounts 403 are respectively provided on both sides of the saddle 405. A Y-axis double ball screw 404 is rotatably mounted between the Y-axis supports 402 and the Y-axis motor mount 403. The saddle 405 is threaded onto the outside of the Y-axis double ball screw 404. A Y-axis servo motor 4031 is fixed on the Y-axis motor mount 403. The output shaft of the Y-axis servo motor 4031 is directly connected to the Y-axis double ball screw 404 through a coupling. The Y-axis servo motor 4031 drives the Y-axis double ball screw 404 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the saddle 405 to move along the Y-axis direction, thus adjusting the position of the C1 spindle 305 in the Y-axis direction.

[0066] The saddle 405 is equipped with an X-axis linear guide rail, and a sliding saddle 401 is slidably mounted on the X-axis linear guide rail. An X-axis ball screw 4053 is threaded inside the sliding saddle 401. X-axis motor seats 4051 and X-axis supports 4011 are mounted at both ends of the X-axis ball screw 4053. An X-axis servo motor 4052 is fixed on the X-axis motor seat 4051. The output shaft of the X-axis servo motor 4052 is directly connected to the X-axis ball screw 4053 through a coupling. The X-axis ball screw 4053 is driven to rotate by the X-axis servo motor 4052, thereby driving the sliding saddle 401 to move along the X-axis direction, thus enabling the adjustment of the position of the C1 spindle 305 in the X-axis direction.

[0067] The slide saddle 401 is equipped with a Z-axis motor mount 4061, a Z-axis support 406, and a Z-axis ball screw 4063 on its outer side. The Z-axis servo motor 4062 is fixed on the Z-axis motor mount 4061. The output shaft of the Z-axis motor mount 4061 is directly connected to the Z-axis ball screw 4063 through a coupling. The spindle box 301 is mounted on the slide saddle 401 through a Z-axis linear guide 304, and the Z-axis linear guide 304 is threadedly engaged with the Z-axis ball screw 4063. The Z-axis servo motor 4062 can drive the Z-axis ball screw 4063 to rotate, thereby driving the spindle box 301 to move along the Z-axis direction, thus adjusting the position of the C1 spindle 305 in the Z-axis direction. Example 2

[0068] Reference Figure 1-25The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a rotary cylinder 307 is installed at the top of the C1 spindle 305. The rotary cylinder 307 is connected to the spindle clamp 306 through a tie rod to control the spindle clamp 306 to loosen and clamp the workpiece. A synchronous pulley is installed on the C1 spindle 305. A motor support frame 302 is installed on the outside of the spindle box 301. A C1 axis servo motor 303 is installed on the motor support frame 302. A synchronous pulley is installed on the output shaft of the C1 axis servo motor 303. The synchronous pulley is connected to the C1 spindle end synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt 308 to drive the C1 spindle 305 to rotate. The C1 spindle 305 adopts a high-rigidity milling spindle and is equipped with a two-piece end gear structure at the rear end to control the spindle indexing and positioning function and improve the positioning accuracy.

[0069] The workpiece is clamped by the spindle fixture 306 on the C1 spindle 305 and sent above the milling spindle 205 for milling.

[0070] The left swing spindle 201 is a high-precision, high-rigidity rotary table return bearing structure. The left swing spindle 201 is directly driven by the left swing spindle servo motor 206 through a high-precision reducer 207. The right swing spindle 202 is a high-precision tapered bore cylindrical bearing structure, and a hydraulic brake unit 203 is installed on its outer side. The hydraulic brake unit 203 is used to lock the right swing spindle 202 during the milling process to ensure that the right swing spindle 202 will not swing during the milling process, thereby improving the machining accuracy of the parts. Example 3

[0071] Reference Figure 1-25 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the first feeding mechanism 6 includes a feeding linear guide rail 601, on which a workpiece unloading platform 603 and a second workpiece positioning device 604 are slidably mounted. The workpiece unloading platform 603 and the second workpiece positioning device 604 are driven by a feeding cylinder 602. The feeding cylinder 602 can push the workpiece unloading platform 603 and the second workpiece positioning device 604 to move horizontally along the feeding linear guide rail 601. When feeding, the workpiece to be processed is placed on the second workpiece positioning device 604 by the second feeding mechanism (7), and then sent to the waiting processing station by the feeding cylinder 602. Then, the workpiece to be processed is clamped by the spindle clamp 306 on the C1 spindle 305 and sent for processing. After processing, the processed workpiece is placed on the workpiece unloading platform 603, and then sent out by the feeding cylinder 602, and sent to the first unloading channel 505 by the second feeding mechanism 7.

[0072] The second feeding mechanism 7 includes an A-axis linear guide rail 701, an A-axis moving bracket 702 slidably mounted on the A-axis linear guide rail 701, an A-axis moving bracket 702 driven by an A-axis servo motor 703, a pneumatic guide rod cylinder 704 mounted on the A-axis moving bracket 702, a pneumatic gripper 705 rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the pneumatic guide rod cylinder 704, and a gripper rotary servo motor 706 mounted on the A-axis moving bracket 702, the gripper rotary servo motor 706 driving the pneumatic gripper via a synchronous belt 707. 705 rotates, and the pneumatic gripper 705 is used to clamp and release the workpiece. The rotation of the pneumatic gripper 705 can drive the workpiece to rotate, which facilitates the inspection of the workpiece. The pneumatic gripper 705 is driven to move along the A-axis linear guide rail 701 by the A-axis servo motor 703. The pneumatic guide cylinder 704 drives the pneumatic gripper 705 to lift and lower, thereby enabling the transfer of the workpiece between the material gripping station 503, the material unloading station 504, the first workpiece positioning device 507, the workpiece unloading table 603, and the second workpiece positioning device 604.

[0073] Working principle: The workpiece being processed, such as Figure 17-18 As shown, the workpiece has six grooves inside, which are milled by the milling spindle (205). Among them, grooves 1, 3, and 5 are inclined to the left by 16° (groove interval angle 120°), grooves 2, 4, and 6 are inclined to the right by 16° (groove interval angle 120°), and the six grooves are equally divided by an angle of 60°. The inclination direction of the groove angle is the same every 120° interval.

[0074] The milling spindle (205) swings 16° to the left and mills grooves 1, 3, and 5 in sequence (e.g. Figure 22 As shown), the milling spindle (205) swings 16° to the right, and mills grooves 2, 4, and 6 in sequence (as shown). Figure 23 (as shown)

[0075] First, place the workpiece to be processed on the first feeding channel 501 (which can store 30-50 pieces). The feeding channel is arranged in a figure-7 pattern. The workpiece automatically flows to the material grabbing station 503 on the second feeding channel 502. The second feeding channel 502 is equipped with a workpiece arrival detection function. When there is material at the material grabbing station 503, the second feeding channel 502 stops running.

[0076] The pneumatic gripper 705 on the second feeding mechanism 7 picks up the workpiece and transfers it to the position of the first workpiece positioning device 507, where a detection switch is installed. The gripper rotation servo motor 706 drives the pneumatic gripper 705 to rotate through the synchronous belt 707, and the rotation is detected according to the detection switch to detect the angle of the inner groove of the product.

[0077] After inspection, the product is placed on the second workpiece positioning device 604 and then fed to the waiting processing station by the feeding cylinder 602. The workpiece to be processed is then picked up by the spindle fixture 306 on the C1 spindle 305 and sent for processing. After processing, the processed workpiece is placed on the workpiece unloading table 603 and then fed out by the feeding cylinder 602. It is then fed to the first unloading channel 505 by the second feeding mechanism 7 to complete the processing.

[0078] Machining Actions: During machining, the rotary component 2 swings 16° to the left (corresponding to the product angle) to align with the inclination angle of the inner groove on the product. The inner groove 1 is milled via Y / Z axis interpolation. After milling, the tool retracts from the milling position, and the C1 spindle 305 rotates the workpiece 120°. Then, the above steps are repeated to mill the remaining two equally divided grooves 3 and 5. After milling the three equally divided grooves, the rotary component returns to its zero position, the C1 spindle 305 rotates 60°, and the rotary component 2 rotates 16° to the right (corresponding to the product angle). The above steps are then repeated to mill the other three equally divided grooves (2, 4, 6).

[0079] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0080] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] The control method of this invention is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Furthermore, since this invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail here.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined hard turning and hard milling machine tool for ball cage inclined grooves, characterized in that, It includes a bed component (1), a rotary component (2), a spindle component (3), a saddle component (4), an integrated loading and unloading machine (5), a first feeding mechanism (6), and a second feeding mechanism (7); The slide saddle component (4) is used to drive the spindle component (3) to move along the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, thereby adjusting the position of the workpiece; The integrated loading and unloading machine (5) includes a first loading channel (501), a second loading channel (502), a first unloading channel (505), and a second unloading channel (506). The end of the second loading channel (502) is provided with a material gripping station (503), the beginning section of the first unloading channel (505) is provided with a material discharging station (504), and the side of the second loading channel (502) away from the first unloading channel (505) is provided with a first workpiece positioning device (507). The second feeding mechanism (7) is used to transfer the workpiece between the loading and unloading integrated machine (5) and the first feeding mechanism (6), and the second feeding mechanism (7) is used to transfer the workpiece between the drive spindle component (3) and the loading and unloading integrated machine (5); The spindle component (3) includes a spindle box (301), inside which a C1 spindle (305) rotates. A spindle clamp (306) is installed at the bottom end of the C1 spindle (305). The rear end of the C1 spindle (305) is equipped with a two-piece end gear structure for high-precision indexing and positioning. The rotary component (2) includes a rotary seat (204), which has a U-shaped structure. The two ends of the rotary seat (204) are fixed to the left swing spindle (201) and the right swing spindle (202) respectively. A milling spindle (205) is installed in the middle of the rotary seat (204). The axis of the milling spindle (205) is inclined at a 20° angle to the rotation center axis determined by the left swing spindle (201) and the right swing spindle (202). It adopts an HSK interface to adapt to the pressure angle of the ball cage channel. The first feeding mechanism (6) includes a feeding linear guide rail (601), on which a workpiece unloading platform (603) and a second workpiece positioning device (604) are slidably mounted. The workpiece unloading platform (603) and the second workpiece positioning device (604) are driven by a feeding cylinder (602). The second feeding mechanism (7) includes an A-axis linear guide rail (701), an A-axis moving bracket (702) is slidably mounted on the A-axis linear guide rail (701), the A-axis moving bracket (702) is driven by an A-axis servo motor (703), a pneumatic guide rod cylinder (704) is mounted on the A-axis moving bracket (702), a pneumatic gripper (705) is rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the pneumatic guide rod cylinder (704), a gripper rotation servo motor (706) is mounted on the A-axis moving bracket (702), and the gripper rotation servo motor (706) drives the pneumatic gripper (705) to rotate through a synchronous belt (707); The inner side of the rotary seat (204) is equipped with a turning tool holder (208), which is vertically installed. A turning tool (2081) is installed on the turning tool holder (208) for turning the inner hole or inner spherical surface of the workpiece after milling. The first workpiece positioning device (507) and the second workpiece positioning device (604) are used to detect the workpiece angle to ensure the machining positioning accuracy; The machine tool is configured such that, in a single clamping operation, the rotary component (2) is first controlled to swing to a first inclined position and the milling spindle (205) is used to process a first set of equally distributed circumferential grooves on the workpiece; subsequently, the C1 spindle (305) is controlled to rotate by a specific angle and the rotary component (2) is controlled to swing to a second inclined position opposite to the first inclined position, and the milling spindle (205) is used to process a second set of equally distributed circumferential grooves on the workpiece. The top of the C1 spindle (305) is equipped with a rotary cylinder (307), which is connected to the spindle clamp (306) via a pull rod to control the spindle clamp (306) to loosen and clamp the workpiece. The C1 spindle (305) is equipped with a synchronous pulley, and a motor support frame (302) is installed on the outside of the spindle box (301). The motor support frame (302) is equipped with a C1 axis servo motor (303), and the output shaft of the C1 axis servo motor (303) is equipped with a synchronous pulley. The synchronous pulley at the end of the C1 spindle is connected to the synchronous pulley at the end of the C1 spindle via a synchronous belt (308) to drive the C1 spindle (305) to rotate. The left swing spindle (201) is a high-precision, high-rigidity turntable return bearing structure. The left swing spindle (201) is directly driven by the left swing spindle servo motor (206) through a high-precision reducer (207). The right swing spindle (202) is a high-precision conical bore cylindrical bearing structure, and a hydraulic brake unit (203) is installed on its outer side.

2. The composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bed component (1) includes a marble bed (101), the top of which is provided with a Y-axis ball bearing guide rail (102), and a chip removal mechanism is installed on the marble bed (101).

3. A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chip removal mechanism includes a spiral chip conveyor (103), a chip removal ramp (1031) inside the marble bed (101), and a chip collection frame (1032) on one side of the marble bed (101).

4. A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sliding saddle component (4) includes a saddle (405), which is slidably mounted on the Y-axis ball guide rail (102). Y-axis support (402) and Y-axis motor mount (403) are respectively provided on both sides of the saddle (405). A Y-axis double ball screw (404) is rotatably mounted between the Y-axis support (402) and the Y-axis motor mount (403). The saddle (405) is threaded onto the outside of the Y-axis double ball screw (404). A Y-axis servo motor (4031) is fixed on the Y-axis motor mount (403). The output shaft of the Y-axis servo motor (4031) is directly connected to the Y-axis double ball screw (404) through a coupling.

5. A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves according to claim 4, characterized in that: The saddle (405) is provided with an X-axis linear guide rail, and a slide saddle (401) is slidably mounted on the X-axis linear guide rail. An X-axis ball screw (4053) is threaded inside the slide saddle (401). X-axis motor mounts (4051) and X-axis supports (4011) are mounted at both ends of the X-axis ball screw (4053). An X-axis servo motor (4052) is fixed on the X-axis motor mount (4051). The output shaft of the X-axis servo motor (4052) is directly connected to the X-axis ball screw (4053) through a coupling.

6. A composite machine tool for hard turning and hard milling of ball cage inclined grooves according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer side of the slide saddle (401) is equipped with a Z-axis motor mount (4061), a Z-axis support (406), and a Z-axis ball screw (4063). The Z-axis servo motor (4062) is fixed on the Z-axis motor mount (4061). The output shaft of the Z-axis motor mount (4061) is directly connected to the Z-axis ball screw (4063) through a coupling. The spindle box (301) is mounted on the slide saddle (401) through a Z-axis linear guide (304), and the Z-axis linear guide (304) is threadedly engaged with the Z-axis ball screw (4063).

Images