Underwater Self-Powered Anti-Biofouling Device and Method Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wave-Current Friction

Abstract

The present invention relates to an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device and method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration, belonging to the technical field of underwater structure protection, and includes a flexible load unit and a flexible carrier; the flexible load unit includes an aluminum electrode group, a PDMS-C electrode group and a flexible support body, the flexible support body is in a cylindrical shape, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the flexible support body, and the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are connected with wires; the flexible carrier is made of a soft material, and multiple groups of the flexible load units are arranged on the flexible carrier. In the present invention, an alternating electric field is generated by using ocean wave-current energy to destroy the adhesion conditions of the biofilm, and under the condition of no external power supply, the reduction of the biofouling area on the surface of the underwater structure is realized, solving the problems of high pollution, high cost and poor adaptability in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underwater structure protection, and in particular to an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device and method based on wave-current friction nanogeneration. Background Art

[0002] In ocean engineering, underwater structures are exposed to the marine environment for a long time, such as pipelines, risers, platform supports, etc., and they face serious biofouling problems. Biofouling refers to the phenomenon of marine organisms attaching, growing, and accumulating on the surface of underwater structures. The attachment of marine organisms (such as barnacles, mussels, algae, etc.) on the surface of underwater structures will cause phenomena such as an increase in the weight of underwater structures, an increase in fluid resistance, an acceleration of corrosion, and a shortening of the equipment life, which is a major challenge in the field of ocean engineering.

[0003] Currently, the work of preventing biofouling on underwater structures usually adopts chemical coating technology, electrochemistry anti-fouling technology, and mechanical cleaning technology. Among them, chemical coating technology inhibits the attachment of marine organisms by releasing harmful substances such as copper ions, but the diffusion of its toxic substances will cause damage to the marine ecosystem, and the coating will fail due to wear or dissolution and requires frequent maintenance; electrochemistry anti-fouling technology destroys the stability of the biofilm by applying an external electric field, but it relies on an external power source, and it is difficult to supply power in the deep-sea environment, and the cost of cable laying is high; mechanical cleaning technology uses high-pressure water jets or machines to scrape off attached marine organisms, but its efficiency is low, and it may damage the surface coating of the structure and cannot meet the rapid protection requirements in the early attachment stage of the microbial film.

[0004] In view of the above technical phenomena, the inventor has proposed an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device with self-power supply, long-term protection, and complex surface adaptation, and has proposed a method for underwater self-driven anti-biofouling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device and method based on wave-current friction nanogeneration, which generate an alternating electric field by using ocean wave-current energy, destroy the adhesion conditions of the biofilm, and reduce the biofouling area on the surface of underwater structures without an external power source, solving the problems of high pollution, high cost, and poor adaptability in the prior art.

[0006] On the one hand, the underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device based on wave-current friction nanogeneration provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device based on wave-current friction nanogeneration includes

[0008] Flexible load unit, the flexible load unit includes an aluminum electrode group, a PDMS-C electrode group and a flexible support. The flexible support is in the shape of a cylinder. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the flexible support. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are connected with wires. In the initial state, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are in a separated state;

[0009] Flexible carrier, the flexible carrier is made of a soft material, and multiple groups of the flexible load units are arranged on the flexible carrier.

[0010] Preferably, the aluminum electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series by wires, and the PDMS-C electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series by wires.

[0011] Preferably, the aluminum electrode group includes a first plastic plate, a first copper strip and aluminum foil distributed in layers, and the wire is connected to the first copper strip;

[0012] The PDMS-C electrode group includes a second plastic plate, a second copper strip and a PDMS-C film distributed in layers, and the wire is connected to the second copper strip.

[0013] Preferably, the first plastic plate is hermetically arranged at one end of the flexible support;

[0014] The second plastic plate is hermetically arranged at the other end of the flexible support.

[0015] Preferably, the wire passes through the flexible support, and the wire is provided with a flexible envelope, and the connection between the flexible envelope and the flexible support is in a sealed connection state.

[0016] Preferably, the first plastic plate is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate;

[0017] The second plastic plate is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate.

[0018] Preferably, the flexible load unit is in a hexagonal prism structure.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration, including the following steps:

[0020] S1. Preparation of the flexible load unit

[0021] Take an aluminum foil and attach it to the first copper strip, and attach the first copper strip to the first plastic plate to obtain an aluminum electrode group; take a PDMS-C film and attach it to the second copper strip, and attach the second copper strip to the second plastic plate to obtain a PDMS-C electrode group; the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are respectively installed at both ends of a flexible support in the shape of a cylinder. At this time, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are in a separated state, thus obtaining a flexible load unit;

[0022] S2. Construct a microelectric field array

[0023] Attach multiple groups of flexible load units obtained in step S1 to a flexible carrier. The aluminum electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series by wires, the PDMS-C electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series by wires, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group of each group of flexible load units are connected by wires, and the flexible carrier is encapsulated to construct a microelectric field array, that is, a self-driven anti-biofouling device is manufactured;

[0024] S3. Self-driven anti-biofouling method

[0025] Fix the self-driven anti-biofouling device obtained in step S2 on the surface of an underwater structure, and drive the flexible load unit through natural wave flow or an artificial vibrator. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group come into contact to generate an alternating microelectric field, which destroys the adhesion conditions of the biofilm.

[0026] Preferably, the preparation steps of the PDMS-C film in step S1 are as follows:

[0027] S1. Take a PDMS solution and an organosilicon curing agent with a mass ratio of 10:1, and add 0.5 - 2% of graphene. After stirring and homogenizing, a mixed solution is obtained;

[0028] S2. At the same time, select an alumina ceramic template. Through laser etching, multiple groups of casting grooves with a thickness of 0.1 mm are formed on the surface of the alumina ceramic template. Pour the mixed solution obtained in step S1 into the casting grooves, and vacuum dry and cure at 60°C for 2 h, then demold to obtain a PDMS-C film.

[0029] Preferably, the aluminum foil, the first copper strip, and the first plastic plate in step S1 are in a regular hexagon shape; the PDMS-C film, the second copper strip, and the second plastic plate are in a regular hexagon shape; the cross-section of the flexible support is in a regular hexagon shape.

[0030] In summary, the present invention includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. In this application, an aluminum electrode group with strong electron - receiving ability is used as the positive electrode material, and a PDMS - C electrode group with strong electron - losing ability is used as the negative electrode material. A flexible load unit with a vertically contactable structure is formed through a flexible support. The flexible load unit is installed on a flexible carrier, and the flexible carrier is arranged on the surface of an underwater structure. In the initial state, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS - C electrode group are in a separated state. Under the impact of underwater wave currents, the PDMS - C electrode group or the aluminum electrode group overcomes the deformation resistance and moves towards each other. The PDMS - C electrode group and the aluminum electrode come into contact to generate a micro - electric field, and the micro - electric field can disrupt the adhesion conditions of the biofilm.

[0032] 2. The output voltage of the self - driving anti - biofouling device prepared in this application increases with the increase of frequency. The highest output voltage is 46V at a frequency of 10Hz, and it can exhibit excellent durability and corrosion resistance. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the application of the underwater self - driving anti - biofouling device based on wave - current triboelectric nanogenerator in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the underwater self - driving anti - biofouling device based on wave - current triboelectric nanogenerator in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible load unit in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross - sectional structure diagram of the flexible load unit in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible load unit in the working state in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the output voltage of the self - driving anti - biofouling device with different graphene doping amounts at different frequencies in Test Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a comparison test result diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit and the underwater structure without a flexible load unit in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 In (a), it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clean underwater structure in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 In (b), it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7Figure (c) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 4 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 Figure (d) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 24 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 Figure (e) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 72 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 Figure (f) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure without a flexible load unit after 4 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Figure (g) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure without a flexible load unit after 24 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 Figure (h) is the surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure without a flexible load unit after 72 hours in Test Example 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 It is the current waveform diagram generated by the flexible load unit under the impact of wave currents at different frequencies (0 - 1 Hz) over time in Test Example 4 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 It is the voltage waveform diagram generated by the flexible load unit under the impact of wave currents at different frequencies (0 - 1 Hz) over time in Test Example 4 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 It is the voltage waveform diagram generated by the flexible load unit under the impact of wave currents at different frequencies (0 - 10 Hz) over time in Test Example 4 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 It is the voltage diagram generated by the flexible load unit when it is impacted by wave currents at different angles in Test Example 4 of the present invention.

[0052] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Flexible load unit; 11. Aluminum electrode group; 111. First plastic plate; 112. First copper strip; 113. Aluminum foil; 12. PDMS-C electrode group; 121. Second plastic plate; 122. Second copper strip; 123. PDMS-C film; 13. Flexible support; 14. Wire; 141. Flexible envelope; 2. Flexible carrier; 3. Underwater structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] The following combines the embodiments and the attached Figure 1-11A further detailed description of the present invention is provided.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] The present invention provides an underwater self-propelled anti-biofouling device based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , it includes a flexible load unit 1 and a flexible carrier 2. There are multiple groups of flexible load units 1, and the multiple groups of flexible load units 1 are evenly arranged on the flexible carrier 2, and the flexible carrier 2 is fixed on the surface of the underwater structure 3. In this embodiment, the flexible carrier 2 is preferably a flexible fabric, which can act on underwater structures 3 of different shapes;

[0056] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the flexible load unit 1 includes an aluminum electrode group 11, a PDMS-C electrode group 12, and a flexible support 13. The flexible support 13 is in a cylindrical shape. In this embodiment, the flexible support 13 is preferably made of silicone rubber. The aluminum electrode group 11 and the PDMS-C electrode group 12 are respectively fixedly arranged at the two open ends of the flexible support 13. The aluminum electrode group 11 serves as the positive electrode material, and the PDMS-C electrode group serves as the negative electrode material. The aluminum electrode group 11 and the PDMS-C electrode group 12 are connected with a wire 14. In the initial state, the aluminum electrode group 11 and the PDMS-C electrode group 12 are in a separated state; referring to Figure 5 , under the impact of the underwater wave current, the PDMS-C electrode group 12 or the aluminum electrode group 11 overcomes the deformation resistance and moves in the opposite direction, and the PDMS-C electrode group 12 and the aluminum electrode come into contact to generate a microelectric field.

[0057] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the aluminum electrode groups 11 of adjacent flexible load units 1 on the flexible carrier 2 are connected in series through the wire 14, the PDMS-C electrode groups 12 of adjacent flexible load units 1 are connected in series through the wire 14, and the aluminum electrode group 11 and the PDMS-C electrode group 12 of each group of flexible load units 1 are connected through the wire 14. So that between the positive electrodes and between the negative electrodes of each flexible load unit 1, an array in which the electrodes are connected in series with each other and the positive and negative electrodes are connected in parallel is formed through the flexible welding wire 14. The cross-section of the flexible support 13 is a regular hexagon, that is, the flexible load unit 1 is a hexagonal prism structure, so that the arrangement of the flexible load units 1 is more uniform, and the wires 14 between the positive and negative electrodes of each flexible load unit 1 can be staggered.

[0058] Referring to Figure 4, the aluminum electrode group 11 includes a hierarchically distributed first plastic plate 111, a first copper strip 112, and aluminum foil 113. The first plastic plate 111 is hermetically connected to one end opening of the flexible support 13. The first copper strip 112 is fixedly attached to one side of the first plastic plate 111 inside the flexible support 13, and the aluminum foil 113 is fixedly attached to the first copper strip 112. In this embodiment, the first plastic plate 111, the first copper strip 112, and the aluminum foil 113 are all regular hexagons, and the areas of the first copper strip 112 and the aluminum foil 113 are equal. The area of the first plastic plate 111 is larger than that of the first copper strip 112, and the first copper strip 112 and the aluminum foil 113 are arranged at the central position of the first plastic plate 111. The PDMS-C electrode group 12 includes a hierarchically distributed second plastic plate 121, a second copper strip 122, and a PDMS-C thin film 123. The second plastic plate 121 is hermetically connected to the other end opening of the flexible support 13. The second copper strip 122 is fixedly attached to one side of the second plastic plate 121 facing the aluminum electrode group 11. In this embodiment, the thickness of the PDMS-C thin film 123 is 0.1 mm, and the PDMS-C thin film 123 is fixedly attached to the second copper strip 122. In this embodiment, the second plastic plate 121, the second copper strip 122, and the aluminum foil 113 are all regular hexagons, and the areas of the second copper strip 122 and the PDMS-C thin film 123 are equal. The area of the second plastic plate 121 is larger than that of the second copper strip 122, and the second copper strip 122 and the PDMS-C thin film 123 are arranged at the central position of the second plastic plate 121. The first plastic plate 111 is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate. The second plastic plate 121 is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate.

[0059] Referring to Figure 4 , the wire 14 is selected as a copper wire 14. The wire 14 on the aluminum electrode group 11 is connected to the first copper strip 112, and the wire 14 on the PDMS-C electrode group 12 is connected to the second copper strip 122. The wire 14 is in a state of passing through the flexible support 13, and the wire 14 is provided with a flexible envelope 141. The connection between the flexible envelope 141 and the flexible support 13 is in a hermetically connected state, that is, the connection point between the flexible envelope 141 and the flexible support 13 is in a sealed state, further ensuring the sealing and waterproof property of the flexible load unit 1.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] The present invention provides an underwater self-driven anti-biofouling method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration. Referring to Figure 1-Figure 5 , it includes the following steps:

[0062] 1), Preparation of the flexible load unit

[0063] Take a regular hexagon-shaped aluminum foil and attach it to a first copper strip of the same shape and size, and attach the first copper strip to the central position of the first plastic plate to prepare the aluminum electrode group for standby;

[0064] Prepare a PDMS solution and a silicone curing agent with a mass ratio of 10:1, add 2% graphene, and obtain a mixed solution through stirring and homogenization. At the same time, select an alumina ceramic template, and through laser etching, multiple sets of casting grooves with a thickness of 0.1 mm are formed on the surface of the alumina ceramic template. Pour the mixed solution into the casting grooves, and vacuum dry and cure at 60 °C for 2 h, then demold to obtain a PDMS-C film. Take the PDMS-C film in the shape of a regular hexagon and attach it to the second copper tape of the same shape and size, and attach the second copper tape to the center position of the second plastic plate to prepare a PDMS-C electrode group.

[0065] Seal and install the first plastic plate in the aluminum electrode group and the second plastic plate in the PDMS-C electrode group at both ends of a flexible support in the shape of a cylinder. The cross-section of the flexible support is in the shape of a regular hexagon. At this time, the aluminum foil in the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C film in the PDMS-C electrode group are arranged facing each other and in a separated state to prepare a flexible load unit.

[0066] 2), Construct a microelectric field array

[0067] Attach multiple groups of flexible load units prepared in step 1) to a flexible carrier. The aluminum electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires, the PDMS-C electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires, and the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group of each group of flexible load units are connected through wires, and the flexible carrier is encapsulated to construct a microelectric field array, that is, a self-driven anti-biofouling device is prepared.

[0068] 3), Self-driven anti-biofouling method

[0069] Fix the self-driven anti-biofouling device prepared in step 2) on the surface of the underwater structure, and drive the flexible load unit through natural wave flow or an artificial vibrator. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group come into contact to generate an alternating microelectric field, which destroys the adhesion conditions of the biofilm.

[0070] Test example

[0071] Test example 1

[0072] Select the self-driven anti-biofouling device prepared in Example 2 as a group of experimental group 1;

[0073] Design experimental group 2. The difference between experimental group 2 and Example 2 is that 1% graphene is added during the preparation of the positive electrode, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0074] Design experimental group 3. The difference between experimental group 3 and Example 2 is that 0.5% graphene is added during the preparation of the positive electrode, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0075] Design control group 1. The difference between control group 1 and Example 2 is that 3% of graphene is added during the preparation of the positive electrode, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0076] Design control group 2. The difference between control group 2 and Example 2 is that no graphene is added during the preparation of the positive electrode, and the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0077] Refer to Figure 6 , and test the output voltages of the self-driven anti-biofouling devices made of experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, control group 1, and control group 2 at a frequency of 1 - 10 Hz (when measuring the output voltage values of the self-driven anti-biofouling devices with 1% graphene doping and 2% graphene doping at a frequency of 2 Hz, approximate values are taken and can be regarded as equal voltage values):

[0078] The output voltage of experimental group 1 is 25 V at a frequency of 2 Hz, and the highest output voltage is 46 V at a frequency of 10 Hz;

[0079] The output voltage of experimental group 2 is 25 V at a frequency of 2 Hz, and the highest output voltage is 24 V at a frequency of 10 Hz;

[0080] The output voltage of experimental group 3 is 14.5 V at a frequency of 2 Hz, and the highest output voltage is 15 V at a frequency of 10 Hz;

[0081] The output voltage of control group 1 is 12.4 V at a frequency of 2 Hz, and the highest output voltage is 25 V at a frequency of 10 Hz;

[0082] The highest output voltage of control group 2 is 7 V at a frequency of 10 Hz.

[0083] It can be concluded from the above test examples that for the self-driven anti-biofouling devices prepared in experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and experimental group 3 of this application, when the graphene content is 0.5 - 2%, the output voltage increases with the increase of frequency, reaches the peak at 10 Hz, and is significantly better than control group 1 and control group 2, and the output voltage increases with the increase of graphene content. The addition of graphene increases the dielectric constant on the surface of the PDMS-C film, generating a dielectric enhancement effect, increasing the charge transfer and output voltage during the friction process; when the graphene content is higher than 2%, the thickness of the PDMS-C film becomes thicker, hindering the charge transfer, resulting in a decrease in the output voltage.

[0084] Test example 2

[0085] Refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7Figure (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a clean underwater structure. An experimental area and a control area are demarcated on the surface of the clean underwater structure in natural seawater, and Platymonas subcordiformis is cultured in the experimental area and the control area respectively. Figure 7 Figure (b) shows that a flexible load unit is set in the experimental area of the clean underwater structure to conduct a biological antifouling experiment, and the control area of the clean underwater structure is not treated. At the initial stage, Figure 7 Figure (c) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 4 h. Figure 7 Figure (f) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure without a flexible load unit after 4 h. The fouling conditions in the experimental area and the control area of the underwater structure are similar. Figure 7 Figure (d) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 24 h. Figure 7 Figure (g) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure without a flexible load unit after 24 h. Figure 7 Figure (e) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 72 h. Figure 7 Figure (h) is a surface phenomenon diagram of the underwater structure with a flexible load unit after 72 h. The fouling conditions in the experimental area and the control area are detected at 4 h, 24 h, and 72 h respectively:

[0086] 4 hours: The proportion of the biological fouling area in the experimental area is 7.34%; the proportion of the biological fouling area in the control area is 15.5%.

[0087] 24 hours: The proportion of the biological fouling area in the experimental area is 14.7%; the proportion of the biological fouling area in the control area is 38.4%.

[0088] 72 hours: The proportion of the biological fouling area in the experimental area is 23.6%; the proportion of the biological fouling area in the control area is 60.2%.

[0089] Test Example 3

[0090] Two groups of self-driven anti-biological fouling devices prepared in Example 2 are respectively immersed in deionized water and natural seawater for 15 days, and the morphological changes on the surface of the self-driven anti-biological fouling devices are observed. There is no corrosion damage on the surface of the self-driven anti-biological fouling devices, and only salt crystals appear on the surface of the self-driven anti-biological fouling devices in natural seawater. It is proved that the self-driven anti-biological fouling devices prepared in Example 2 have good durability and corrosion resistance.

[0091] Test Example 4

[0092] Construct a flexible load unit according to Example 2 with a side length of 4 cm × 4 cm, and fabricate a self-driven anti-biofouling device. Test the electrical output of the self-driven anti-biofouling device in an underwater environment. For a regular hexagonal flexible load unit with a side length of 4 cm, attach it to the surface of an underwater cylindrical structure with a curvature radius of 15 cm or more; and for a smaller regular hexagonal flexible load unit, attach it to the surface of an underwater cylindrical structure with a smaller curvature radius;

[0093] Refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 Figure 7 shows the current waveform diagram (0 - 1 hz) generated by the flexible load unit prepared in Example 2 over time under wave current impacts at different frequencies;

[0094] Refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 Figure 8 shows the voltage waveform diagram (0 - 1 hz) generated by the flexible load unit prepared in Example 2 over time under wave current impacts at different frequencies;

[0095] Refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 Figure 9 shows the voltage waveform diagram (0 - 10 hz) generated by the flexible load unit prepared in Example 2 over time under wave current impacts at different frequencies;

[0096] Refer to Figure 11 , Figure 11 Figure 10 shows the voltage values generated by the flexible load unit prepared in Example 2 when it is impacted by wave currents at different angles;

[0097] In summary, the self-driven anti-biofouling device can be attached to the surfaces of underwater structures with different curvatures and can support large-scale applications.

[0098] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater self-driven anti-biofouling device based on wave-current triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, Comprising, A flexible load unit, the flexible load unit includes an aluminum electrode group, a PDMS-C electrode group and a flexible support body. The flexible support body is in a cylindrical shape. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the flexible support body. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are connected with wires. In the initial state, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are in a separated state; A flexible carrier, the flexible carrier is made of a soft material, and multiple groups of the flexible load units are arranged on the flexible carrier; The aluminum electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires, and the PDMS-C electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires.

2. The underwater self-propelled anti-biofouling device based on triboelectric nanogenerator using ocean wave and current according to claim 1, wherein The aluminum electrode group includes a first plastic plate, a first copper strip and aluminum foil distributed in layers, and the wire is connected to the first copper strip; The PDMS-C electrode group includes a second plastic plate, a second copper strip and a PDMS-C film distributed in layers, and the wire is connected to the second copper strip.

3. The underwater self-powered anti-biofouling device based on triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, wherein The first plastic plate is hermetically arranged at one end of the flexible support body; The second plastic plate is hermetically arranged at the other end of the flexible support body.

4. The underwater self-propelled anti-biofouling device based on triboelectric nanogenerator of wave and current according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wire is in a state of passing through the flexible support body, and the wire is provided with a flexible envelope, and the connection part of the flexible envelope and the flexible support body is in a sealed connection state.

5. The underwater self-propelled anti-biofouling device based on wave-current triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, wherein The first plastic plate is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate; The second plastic plate is any one of a polyvinyl chloride plate and an acrylic plate.

6. The underwater self-propelled anti-biofouling device based on wave-current triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible load unit is in a hexagonal prism structure.

7. An underwater self-powered anti-biofouling method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Preparation of the flexible load unit Take aluminum foil and attach it to the first copper strip, and attach the first copper strip to the first plastic plate to obtain the aluminum electrode group; take the PDMS-C film and attach it to the second copper strip, and attach the second copper strip to the second plastic plate to obtain the PDMS-C electrode group; the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are respectively installed at the two ends of the flexible support body which is a cylindrical body. At this time, the aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group are in a separated state, so as to obtain the flexible load unit; S2. Construction of the microelectric field array Attach multiple groups of flexible load units obtained in step S1 to the flexible carrier. The aluminum electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires, and the PDMS-C electrode groups of adjacent flexible load units are connected in series through wires. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group of each group of flexible load units are connected through wires, and the flexible carrier is encapsulated to construct a microelectric field array, that is, a self-driven anti-biofouling device is manufactured; S3. Self-driven anti-biofouling method Fix the self-driven anti-biofouling device obtained in step S2 on the surface of the underwater structure, and drive the flexible load unit through natural wave flow or an artificial exciter. The aluminum electrode group and the PDMS-C electrode group come into contact to generate an alternating microelectric field, which destroys the adhesion conditions of the biofilm.

8. The underwater self-driven anti-biofouling method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration according to claim 7, wherein The preparation steps of the PDMS-C film in step S1 are as follows: S1. Take a PDMS solution and an organosilicon curing agent with a mass ratio of 10:1 for proportioning, and add 0.5-2% of graphene, and obtain a mixed solution through stirring and homogenization; S2. At the same time, select an alumina ceramic template. Through laser etching, multiple sets of casting grooves with a thickness of 0.1 mm are formed on the surface of the alumina ceramic template. Pour the mixed solution obtained in step S1 into the casting grooves, vacuum dry and cure at 60 °C for 2 h, and then demold to obtain a PDMS-C film.

9. The underwater self-driven anti-biofouling method based on wave-current triboelectric nanogeneration according to claim 7, wherein The aluminum foil, the first copper strip and the first plastic plate in step S1 are in a regular hexagon shape; the PDMS-C film, the second copper strip and the second plastic plate are in a regular hexagon shape; the cross-section of the flexible support is in a regular hexagon shape.

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