A multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method

Abstract

The present application discloses a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method, which can be applied to the field of quantum state manipulation technology, wherein the system includes: a modulation component and a conversion component; the modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate a modulated laser; the conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and frequency difference to divide the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam. In this way, by combining the modulation component and the conversion component, by adjusting the appropriate modulation depth, frequency difference and optical path difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated regulation of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum state manipulation technology, and in particular to a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method. Background Art

[0002] As the application of atoms becomes more and more extensive, people are paying more and more attention to the manipulation of the internal state (spin state) and external state (motion state) of atoms.

[0003] The two-photon Raman process involves applying two Raman beams with a frequency difference that matches the atomic internal state energy level and a large detuning effect to atoms, thereby achieving coherent transfer of the atomic internal state while avoiding spontaneous emission losses. Simultaneously, during the two-photon Raman process, due to the absorption and release of photons, atoms gain a certain impulse, causing their external state to change. However, this change is usually coupled with the atomic internal state transition and cannot be independently adjusted. Furthermore, existing methods for generating Raman lasers cannot achieve independent adjustment of the internal and external states of atoms, requiring the addition of additional beams to achieve this, resulting in inflexible quantum state manipulation.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the flexibility of quantum state manipulation is an issue that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, the present application provides a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method. By combining modulation components and conversion components, and adjusting the appropriate modulation depth and optical path difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated control of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, comprising: a modulation component and a conversion component;

[0007] The modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate modulated laser;

[0008] The conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and frequency difference to divide the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target control beam.

[0009] Optionally, the modulation component includes: an electro-optical modulator and a first signal source;

[0010] The electro-optical modulator is arranged on the irradiation light path of the seed laser;

[0011] The first signal source is connected to the electro-optical modulator and outputs a first AC signal;

[0012] The electro-optical modulator modulates the seed laser in combination with the first AC signal to form a modulated laser.

[0013] Optionally, the modulation component further includes: a power amplifier and a frequency doubling crystal;

[0014] The power amplifier and the frequency doubling crystal are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0015] The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the modulated laser;

[0016] The frequency doubling crystal is used to amplify the frequency of the modulated laser.

[0017] Optionally, the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: a power stabilization component;

[0018] The power stabilizing component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser and is used to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

[0019] Optionally, the power stabilization component includes: a first acousto-optic modulator, a first beam splitter, a photoelectric probe, a feedback circuit, and a second signal source;

[0020] The first acousto-optic modulator and the first beam splitter are sequentially arranged on an irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along a propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0021] The first beam splitter is used to split the modulated laser light to generate a first signal beam and a second signal beam;

[0022] The photoelectric probe is connected to the feedback circuit, the second signal source, and the first acousto-optic modulator in sequence, and is used to monitor the optical power of the second signal beam, and send a feedback adjustment signal to the second signal source through the feedback circuit when the optical power of the second signal beam fluctuates;

[0023] The second signal source is used to output a second AC signal according to the feedback adjustment signal, so that the first acousto-optic modulator modulates the modulated laser in combination with the second AC signal to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: an optical switch component;

[0025] The optical switch assembly includes: a second acousto-optic modulator and a third signal source;

[0026] The second acousto-optic modulator is arranged in the irradiation light path of the modulated laser and is connected to the third signal source, and is used to receive the third AC signal output by the third signal source and determine whether to guide the modulated laser to the conversion component according to the third AC signal.

[0027] Optionally, the conversion component includes: a third acousto-optic modulator, a fourth signal source, a first achromatic lens, a delay glass, a second achromatic lens, a fourth acousto-optic modulator, and a fifth signal source;

[0028] The third acousto-optic modulator, the first achromatic lens, the second achromatic lens, and the fourth acousto-optic modulator are sequentially arranged on an irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along a propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0029] The third acousto-optic modulator is used to receive the modulated laser light, control the modulated laser light to diffract, generate a third signal light beam with a constant propagation direction and a first diffracted light beam with a shifted propagation direction, and guide the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam to the first achromatic lens;

[0030] The fourth signal source is connected to the third acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the first diffracted light beam;

[0031] The delay glass is provided between the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens, on the irradiation optical path of the first diffracted light beam, and is used to control the optical path difference between the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam;

[0032] The second achromatic lens is used to guide the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam to the fourth acousto-optic modulator;

[0033] The fourth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam to form the first target beam corresponding to the third signal beam and the second target beam corresponding to the first diffracted beam, and to control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam;

[0034] The fifth signal source is connected to the fourth acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam.

[0035] Optionally, the focal lengths of the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens are equal, and the distance between the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens is twice the focal length.

[0036] Optionally, the conversion component includes: a second beam splitter, a first reflector, a third beam splitter, a second reflector, a fifth acousto-optic modulator, a sixth acousto-optic modulator, a sixth signal source, and a seventh signal source;

[0037] The second beam splitter and the first reflector are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0038] The second beam splitter splits the modulated laser into a fourth signal beam and a fifth signal beam, and directs the fourth signal beam to the fifth acousto-optic modulator, and directs the fifth signal beam to the first reflector;

[0039] The fifth acousto-optic modulator and the third beam splitter are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fourth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fourth signal light beam;

[0040] The fifth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the fourth signal light beam to generate the first target light beam, and guide the first target light beam to the third beam splitter;

[0041] The sixth signal source is connected to the fifth acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the first target light beam;

[0042] The first reflecting mirror is used to control the optical path difference between the fourth signal beam and the fifth signal beam, and guide the fifth signal beam to the sixth acousto-optic modulator;

[0043] The sixth acousto-optic modulator and the second reflector are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fifth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fifth signal light beam;

[0044] The sixth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the fifth signal light beam to generate the second target light beam, and guide the second target light beam to the second reflector;

[0045] The seventh signal source is connected to the sixth acousto-optic modulator, and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam;

[0046] The second reflector is used to guide the second target light beam to the third beam splitter;

[0047] The third beam splitter is used to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

[0048] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, wherein the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system includes: a modulation component and a conversion component; the control method includes:

[0049] Configuring the modulation component so that the modulation component can receive the seed laser and modulate the seed laser according to preset requirements to control the modulation depth to generate modulated laser;

[0050] The conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, so that the conversion component can receive the modulated laser and control the optical path difference and frequency difference according to the preset requirements to split the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam;

[0051] The conversion component is used to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

[0052] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that compared with the existing technology, this application has the following advantages:

[0053] The embodiments of the present application provide a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method, the system comprising: a modulation component and a conversion component; the modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate a modulated laser; the conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and frequency difference to separate the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam. In this way, by combining the modulation component and the conversion component, by adjusting the appropriate modulation depth, frequency difference, and optical path difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated control of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a modulation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of another modulation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the configuration of a power stabilization component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power stabilization component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of an optical switch assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a conversion component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 8 A function diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of another conversion component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 10 A flowchart of a control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] As mentioned above, the existing technology has the problem of low flexibility in the manipulation of quantum states. Specifically, the existing technology generally manipulates atomic states through the two-photon Raman process. The two-photon Raman process is to act on atoms through two beams of Raman light with a frequency difference that matches the atomic internal state energy level and has a large detuning, thereby achieving coherent transfer of the atomic internal state while avoiding spontaneous radiation loss. At the same time, in the two-photon Raman process, due to the absorption and release of photons, the atoms will obtain a certain impulse, causing their external state to change, but this change is usually coupled with the atomic internal state transition and cannot be adjusted independently. Moreover, the existing methods of generating Raman lasers cannot achieve independent adjustment of the internal and external states of atoms, and other light beams need to be added to achieve this, which leads to the problem of inflexible quantum state manipulation.

[0065] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, comprising: a modulation component and a conversion component; the modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate modulated laser light; the conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and frequency difference to split the modulated laser light into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam.

[0066] In this way, by combining the modulation component and the conversion component and adjusting the appropriate modulation depth, frequency difference and optical path difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated control of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation.

[0067] It should be noted that the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method provided in this application can be applied to the field of quantum state manipulation technology. The above is only an example and does not limit the application field of the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method provided in this application.

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes: a modulation component 110 and a conversion component 120;

[0070] The modulation component 110 is provided on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate modulated laser;

[0071] The conversion component 120 is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and frequency difference to split the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target control beam.

[0072] Specifically, the modulation component 110 and the conversion component 120 are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of the laser source (seed laser) in the irradiation optical path of the laser source. The modulation component 110 can control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate modulated laser light. The conversion component 120 as a whole forms an unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer architecture, which can split the modulated laser light into two beams (a first target beam and a second target beam) with different optical paths, thereby causing interference. The optical path difference and frequency difference between the first target beam and the second target beam are controlled by the conversion component 120. Combining the modulation component 110 with the conversion component 120, through a dynamic conversion mechanism from laser phase modulation to amplitude modulation, can generate a high-power, highly phase-stable Raman beam, thereby overcoming the system complexity limitations caused by the need to design separate optical paths for manipulating the internal and external states of atoms.

[0073] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a modulation component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the modulation component 110 includes: an electro-optical modulator 111 and a first signal source 112;

[0074] The electro-optical modulator 111 is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser;

[0075] The first signal source 112 is connected to the electro-optical modulator 111 and outputs a first AC signal;

[0076] The electro-optical modulator 111 modulates the seed laser in combination with the first AC signal to form a modulated laser.

[0077] Specifically, the electro-optic modulator 111 is an optical modulator that controls the power, phase, and amplitude of the laser beam through electronic control signals. The seed laser enters the electro-optic modulator 111 through an optical fiber. At this time, the first signal source 112 outputs a first AC signal, the frequency of which is equal to half the atomic energy level transition frequency. In this way, the seed laser is modulated by the electro-optic modulator 111 in combination with the first AC signal to produce a series of sidebands, forming a modulated laser. The modulated laser electric field expression is as follows:

[0078] ;

[0079] Where, is the modulated laser electric field, is the electric field amplitude of the seed laser, is the wave vector of the seed laser, is the angular frequency of the seed laser. is the modulation depth, is the change of wave vector, is the atomic energy level transition frequency, and is the plane wave phase factor, n is an integer, is a first-order Bessel function, is the complex conjugate term.

[0080] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another modulation component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the modulation component 110 further includes: a power amplifier 113 and a frequency doubling crystal 114;

[0081] The power amplifier 113 and the frequency doubling crystal 114 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0082] The power amplifier 113 is used to amplify the power of the modulated laser;

[0083] The frequency doubling crystal 114 is used to amplify the frequency of the modulated laser.

[0084] Specifically, the frequency-doubling crystal 114 is a type of nonlinear optical crystal used for the frequency-doubling effect. To increase the power and frequency of the modulated laser, a power amplifier 113 and a frequency-doubling crystal 114 can be introduced to process the modulated laser. The modulated laser first enters the power amplifier 113 for power amplification and then enters the frequency-doubling crystal 114. Due to the nonlinear effect, the electric field form of the modulated laser changes again. The expression of the changed laser electric field is as follows:

[0085] ;

[0086] Where, is the laser electric field after the change, is the electric field amplitude of the seed laser, is the wave vector of the seed laser, is the angular frequency of the seed laser. is the modulation depth, is the change of wave vector, is the atomic energy level transition frequency, is the frequency doubling efficiency, is a first-order Bessel function.

[0087] As an implementation method, in order to stabilize the optical power, the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: a power stabilization component 130;

[0088] The power stabilizing component 130 is disposed on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser and is used to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

[0089] Specifically, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a power stabilization component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the power stabilizing component 130 is generally disposed between the modulating component 110 and the converting component 120 , and can stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

[0090] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power stabilization component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the power stabilization component 130 includes: a first acousto-optic modulator 131, a first beam splitter 132, a photoelectric probe 133, a feedback circuit 134 and a second signal source 135;

[0091] The first acousto-optic modulator 131 and the first beam splitter 132 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0092] The first beam splitter 132 is used to split the modulated laser light to generate a first signal beam and a second signal beam;

[0093] The photoelectric probe 133 is connected to the feedback circuit 134, the second signal source 135, and the first acousto-optic modulator 131 in sequence, and is used to monitor the optical power of the second signal beam and send a feedback adjustment signal to the second signal source 135 through the feedback circuit 134 when the optical power of the second signal beam fluctuates;

[0094] The second signal source 135 is configured to output a second AC signal according to the feedback adjustment signal, so that the first AOM 131 modulates the modulated laser in combination with the second AC signal to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

[0095] Specifically, the acousto-optic modulator (AOM) can flexibly control the intensity, frequency, direction, and pulse timing of laser light through the acousto-optic effect, offering the advantages of high speed, high damage threshold, and low cost. In this application, after the light field (modulated laser light) output by the modulation component 110 enters the first AOM 131, the first AOM 131 can adjust the power of the output signal. Specifically, the modulated laser light passes through the first AOM 131 and is emitted toward the first beam splitter 132, where it is split into a first signal beam and a second signal beam. The propagation direction of the first signal beam remains unchanged, while the second signal beam is emitted from the side and incident on the photoelectric probe 133. The photoelectric probe 133 can monitor the optical power of the second signal beam in real time. If the optical power fluctuates, it sends a feedback adjustment signal to the second signal source 135 via the feedback circuit 134. Finally, the second signal source 135 outputs a corresponding second AC signal based on the feedback adjustment signal, controlling the first AOM 131 to modulate the modulated laser light and stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser light.

[0096] As an embodiment, regarding how to control the switching of the laser, the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: an optical switch component 140;

[0097] The optical switch assembly 140 includes: a second acousto-optic modulator 141 and a third signal source 142;

[0098] The second acousto-optic modulator 141 is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser and is connected to the third signal source 142, and is used to receive the third AC signal output by the third signal source 142, and decide whether to direct the modulated laser to the conversion component 120 according to the third AC signal.

[0099] Specifically, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical switch assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6As shown, the second acousto-optic modulator 141 is located in the optical path of the modulated laser (the first signal beam) and is connected to the third signal source 142, acting as an optical switch. By adjusting the third AC signal output by the third signal source 142, the modulated laser is further modulated, thereby determining whether the modulated laser is output.

[0100] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a conversion component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the conversion component 120 includes: a third acousto-optic modulator 121, a fourth signal source 122, a first achromatic lens 123, a delay glass 124, a second achromatic lens 125, a fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 and a fifth signal source 127;

[0101] The third AOM 121, the first achromatic lens 123, the second achromatic lens 125, and the fourth AOM 126 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0102] The third acousto-optic modulator 121 is configured to receive the modulated laser light, control the modulated laser light to diffract, generate a third signal beam with a constant propagation direction and a first diffracted beam with a shifted propagation direction, and guide the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam to the first achromatic lens 123;

[0103] The fourth signal source 122 is connected to the third acousto-optic modulator 121 and is used to control the frequency of the first diffracted light beam;

[0104] The delay glass sheet 124 is provided between the first achromatic lens 123 and the second achromatic lens 125 and is used to control the optical path difference between the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam on the irradiation optical path of the first diffracted beam;

[0105] The second achromatic lens 125 is used to guide the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam to the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126;

[0106] The fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 is used to control the diffraction of the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam to form the first target beam corresponding to the third signal beam and the second target beam corresponding to the first diffracted beam, and to control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target control beam;

[0107] The fifth signal source 127 is connected to the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam.

[0108] Specifically, the modulated laser beam after power stabilization is vertically incident on the third acousto-optic modulator 121, which then diffracts and outputs the 0th order light (third signal beam) with unchanged propagation direction and the +1st order light (first diffracted beam) with shifted propagation direction. The fourth signal source 122 is connected to the third acousto-optic modulator 121, and the frequency of the AC signal it outputs can control the frequency of the +1st order light, that is, the AC signal frequency is The frequency of +1 level light will also increase , while the frequency of the 0th order light remains unchanged. The two beams of light pass through the first achromatic lens 123 and are emitted to the second achromatic lens 125, among which the +1st order light also passes through a delay glass sheet 124 with adjustable thickness to change its optical path. Then, the 0th order light and the +1st order light pass through the second achromatic lens 125 and are emitted to the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126, and are diffracted again on the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 to obtain the 0th order diffracted light (first target beam) corresponding to the 0th order light and the -1st order diffracted light (second target beam) corresponding to the +1st order light. Finally, the 0th order diffracted light corresponding to the 0th order light interferes with the -1st order diffracted light corresponding to the +1st order light to form the target control beam we need. The fifth signal source 127 is connected to the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126, and the frequency of the AC signal it outputs can control the frequency of the -1st order diffracted light, that is, the frequency of the AC signal is When the frequency of -1st order diffracted light decreases based on the frequency of +1st order light , while the frequency of the 0th order diffracted light remains unchanged. In this way, the above structure constitutes an unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which focuses the target control beam onto the atom through the lens, making , That is the frequency difference. Different operations can be performed on atoms according to the modulation depth, optical path difference and frequency difference.

[0109] As an embodiment, regarding how to design an achromatic lens, the focal lengths of the first achromatic lens 123 and the second achromatic lens 125 are equal, and the distance between the first achromatic lens 123 and the second achromatic lens 125 is twice the focal length.

[0110] Specifically, the output end of the third acousto-optic modulator 121 is set at the focus of the first achromatic lens 123, and the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam become two parallel beams after passing through the first achromatic lens 123. The focal lengths of the first achromatic lens 123 and the second achromatic lens 125 are equal, and the distance between them is twice the focal length. The input end of the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 is set at the focus of the second achromatic lens 125, and the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam that pass through the second achromatic lens 125 can be incident on the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126. In this way, the unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed is 4 The structure is designed so that the phases of the first target light beam and the second target light beam interfering at the fourth acousto-optic modulator 126 are affected by the same environmental disturbance, thereby ensuring a high degree of phase coherence of the two light beams.

[0111] Based on the above structure, the target manipulation beam output by the conversion component 120 is focused onto the atom through the lens. The Hamiltonian of the atom can be divided into two parts, as shown below:

[0112] ;

[0113] ;

[0114] Where, is the reduced Prak constant, is the momentum operator, is the position operator, is the atomic mass, The frequency difference between the AC signals output by the fourth signal source 122 and the fifth signal source 127 is and is the additional phase factor, is the Rabi frequency, is the optical path difference between the first target beam and the second target beam, and are the raising and lowering operators of spin, is a group of The function of decision, where is the modulation depth, is the change in wave vector. express The complex conjugate value of the function value. The focused target manipulation beam will cause an optical tweezers effect on the atom, and its effect can be approximated by a simple harmonic potential. The potential well frequency is expressed as express. For a group of The function of decision, is the other potential energy to which the atom is subjected. It represents the process of atomic spin state Raman transition, and its Rabi frequency is affected by Modulation of the function. is the Hamiltonian of the atomic motion state, and its potential well frequency is affected by Function modulation. Therefore, the internal and external states of the atom can be independently adjusted by adjusting the optical path difference and the modulation depth. Specifically, Figure 8 A function diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, when , When (the white dot in the figure), , , let the frequency difference =0, at this time The expression is as follows:

[0115] ;

[0116] This is the Hamiltonian for the Raman transition, and in this setting the internal states of atoms can be manipulated individually. When (i.e., the electro-optical modulator 111 is not modulated), , , let the frequency difference Equal to twice the phonon frequency (phonons are the collective motion mode of atoms), at this time The expression is as follows:

[0117] ;

[0118] in is the phonon ground state wave packet size, is the annihilation operator of phonons. This Hamiltonian represents the compression operation of phonons. Under this setting, the external state of atoms can be manipulated individually. Contains positional operators For example, if a light field containing a polarization gradient is used, then becomes:

[0119] ;

[0120] when , When (i.e. Figure 8 Center white point position), , , let the frequency difference Equal to one times the phonon frequency, at this time The expression is as follows:

[0121] ;

[0122] This is the Hamiltonian for sideband transitions, and in this setting, the internal and external states of the atom can be coordinated and manipulated.

[0123] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another conversion component provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 9 As shown, the conversion component 120 includes: a second beam splitter 221, a first reflector 222, a third beam splitter 223, a second reflector 224, a fifth acousto-optic modulator 225, a sixth acousto-optic modulator 226, a sixth signal source 227 and a seventh signal source 228;

[0124] The second beam splitter 221 and the first reflector 222 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser;

[0125] The second beam splitter 221 splits the modulated laser into a fourth signal beam and a fifth signal beam, and directs the fourth signal beam to the fifth acousto-optic modulator 225 and directs the fifth signal beam to the first reflector 222;

[0126] The fifth acousto-optic modulator 225 and the third beam splitter 223 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fourth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fourth signal light beam;

[0127] The fifth acousto-optic modulator 225 is used to control the diffraction of the fourth signal beam to generate the first target beam, and guide the first target beam to the third beam splitter 223;

[0128] The sixth signal source 227 is connected to the fifth acousto-optic modulator 225 and is used to control the frequency of the first target light beam;

[0129] The first reflector 222 is used to control the optical path difference between the fourth signal beam and the fifth signal beam, and guide the fifth signal beam to the sixth acousto-optic modulator 226;

[0130] The sixth acousto-optic modulator 226 and the second reflector 224 are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fifth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fifth signal light beam;

[0131] The sixth acousto-optic modulator 226 is used to control the diffraction of the fifth signal beam to generate the second target beam, and guide the second target beam to the second reflector 224;

[0132] The seventh signal source 228 is connected to the sixth acousto-optic modulator 226 and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam;

[0133] The second reflector 224 is used to guide the second target light beam to the third beam splitter 223;

[0134] The third beam splitter 223 is used to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

[0135] Specifically, the modulated laser beam, after stabilization of power, is directed toward the second beam splitter 221 and split by the second beam splitter 221 into a fourth signal beam and a fifth signal beam. The fourth signal beam is incident on the fifth acousto-optic modulator 225, while the fifth signal beam is directed toward the first reflector 222 and guided by the first reflector 222 to the sixth acousto-optic modulator 226. The fourth signal beam is diffracted upon entering the fifth acousto-optic modulator 225, generating a first target beam that is then directed toward the third beam splitter 223. The fifth signal beam is diffracted upon entering the sixth acousto-optic modulator 226, generating a second target beam that is then directed toward the second reflector 224. The second reflector 224 guides the second target beam to the third beam splitter 223. Finally, the first and second target beams interfere on the third beam splitter 223 to form a target manipulation beam. The placement of the first reflector 222 determines the optical path difference between the first and second target beams. The AC signal output by the sixth signal source 227 can control the fifth acousto-optic modulator 225 to modulate the frequency of the first target light beam, while the AC signal output by the seventh signal source 228 can control the sixth acousto-optic modulator 226 to modulate the frequency of the second target light beam. In this way, the above structure also constitutes an unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The first target light beam and the second target light beam have different optical paths and are modulated by different frequencies of the acousto-optic modulator. The target control light beam formed by the interference of the two beams is focused on the atom through the lens. When the frequency difference of the AC signals output by the sixth signal source 227 and the seventh signal source 228 is When the atoms are controlled to transition to different energy levels, The frequency of photons that an atom needs to absorb or emit when it undergoes energy level transition.

[0136] In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system and control method, the system comprising: a modulation component and a conversion component; the modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate a modulated laser; the conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and the frequency difference to divide the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam. In this way, by combining the modulation component and the conversion component, by adjusting the appropriate modulation depth, frequency difference and optical path difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated control of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation.

[0137] Figure 10 A flow chart of a control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 10As shown, in a control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided in an embodiment of the present application, the multi-mode quantum state manipulation system includes: a modulation component and a conversion component; the control method includes:

[0138] S1001: Configuring the modulation component so that the modulation component can receive a seed laser, and modulate the seed laser by controlling a modulation depth according to a preset requirement to generate a modulated laser.

[0139] In practical applications, a seed laser enters a configured modulation component via an optical fiber. The modulation component modulates the seed laser according to preset modulation depth requirements, generating modulated laser light. Furthermore, the configuration component may include an electro-optical modulator and a first signal source. The first signal source outputs a corresponding first AC signal according to preset requirements, and the electro-optical modulator modulates the seed laser in combination with the first AC signal. Preset requirements generally include regulating the internal or external state of the atom and the frequency of atomic energy level transitions. For example, to manipulate the external state of the atom alone, the modulation depth can be controlled to 0.

[0140] S1002: The conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, so that the conversion component can receive the modulated laser and control the optical path difference and frequency difference according to the preset requirements to divide the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam.

[0141] In practical applications, the conversion assembly forms an unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer, capable of splitting the modulated laser light into a first target beam and a second target beam. The first and second target beams travel through different optical paths and are modulated at different frequencies. Furthermore, the optical path difference and frequency difference between the first and second target beams can be controlled based on actual preset requirements.

[0142] S1003: Using the conversion component to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

[0143] In practical applications, the first and second target beams interfere in the conversion assembly to form a target manipulation beam. By combining the modulation and conversion assemblies and adjusting the modulation depth of the electro-optical modulator, as well as the optical path difference and frequency difference at the unequal-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the resulting target manipulation beam can independently or collaboratively control the internal and external states of atoms.

[0144] In summary, based on a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system provided by the present application, the present application provides a control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, including: first configuring a modulation component so that the modulation component can receive a seed laser, and controlling the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser according to preset requirements to generate a modulated laser. Then, a conversion component is set on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, so that the conversion component can receive the modulated laser, and controls the optical path difference and frequency difference according to preset requirements to divide the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam. Finally, the conversion component is used to control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam. In this way, by combining the modulation component and the conversion component, by adjusting the appropriate modulation depth, optical path difference and frequency difference, the target manipulation beam can achieve independent or coordinated regulation of the internal and external states of the atom, thereby improving the flexibility of quantum state manipulation.

[0145] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, characterized in that: include: Modulation components and conversion components; The modulation component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the seed laser, and is used to control the modulation depth to modulate the seed laser and generate modulated laser; The conversion component is provided on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, and is used to control the optical path difference and the frequency difference to split the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam, and control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target control beam; The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: a power stabilization component; The power stabilizing component is provided on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser and is used to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser; The power stabilization component includes: a first acousto-optic modulator, a first beam splitter, a photoelectric probe, a feedback circuit and a second signal source; The first acousto-optic modulator and the first beam splitter are sequentially arranged on an irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along a propagation direction of the modulated laser; The first beam splitter is used to split the modulated laser light to generate a first signal beam and a second signal beam; The photoelectric probe is connected to the feedback circuit, the second signal source, and the first acousto-optic modulator in sequence, and is used to monitor the optical power of the second signal beam, and send a feedback adjustment signal to the second signal source through the feedback circuit when the optical power of the second signal beam fluctuates; The second signal source is used to output a second AC signal according to the feedback adjustment signal, so that the first acousto-optic modulator modulates the modulated laser in combination with the second AC signal to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser.

2. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modulation component includes: an electro-optical modulator and a first signal source; The electro-optical modulator is arranged on the irradiation light path of the seed laser; The first signal source is connected to the electro-optical modulator and outputs a first AC signal; The electro-optical modulator modulates the seed laser in combination with the first AC signal to form a modulated laser.

3. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The modulation component further includes: a power amplifier and a frequency doubling crystal; The power amplifier and the frequency doubling crystal are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser; The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the modulated laser; The frequency doubling crystal is used to amplify the frequency of the modulated laser.

4. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: an optical switch component; The optical switch assembly includes: a second acousto-optic modulator and a third signal source; The second acousto-optic modulator is arranged in the irradiation light path of the modulated laser and is connected to the third signal source, and is used to receive the third AC signal output by the third signal source and determine whether to guide the modulated laser to the conversion component according to the third AC signal.

5. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion component includes: a third acousto-optic modulator, a fourth signal source, a first achromatic lens, a delay glass, a second achromatic lens, a fourth acousto-optic modulator and a fifth signal source; The third acousto-optic modulator, the first achromatic lens, the second achromatic lens, and the fourth acousto-optic modulator are sequentially arranged on an irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along a propagation direction of the modulated laser; The third acousto-optic modulator is used to receive the modulated laser light, control the modulated laser light to diffract, generate a third signal light beam with a constant propagation direction and a first diffracted light beam with a shifted propagation direction, and guide the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam to the first achromatic lens; The fourth signal source is connected to the third acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the first diffracted light beam; The delay glass is provided between the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens, on the illumination optical path of the first diffracted light beam, and is used to control the optical path difference between the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam; The second achromatic lens is used to guide the third signal light beam and the first diffracted light beam to the fourth acousto-optic modulator; The fourth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the third signal beam and the first diffracted beam to form the first target beam corresponding to the third signal beam and the second target beam corresponding to the first diffracted beam, and to control the first target beam and the second target beam to interfere with each other to form a target manipulation beam; The fifth signal source is connected to the fourth acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam.

6. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The focal lengths of the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens are equal, and the distance between the first achromatic lens and the second achromatic lens is twice the focal length.

7. The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion component includes: a second beam splitter, a first reflector, a third beam splitter, a second reflector, a fifth acousto-optic modulator, a sixth acousto-optic modulator, a sixth signal source, and a seventh signal source; The second beam splitter and the first reflector are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along the propagation direction of the modulated laser; The second beam splitter splits the modulated laser into a fourth signal beam and a fifth signal beam, and directs the fourth signal beam to the fifth acousto-optic modulator, and directs the fifth signal beam to the first reflector; The fifth acousto-optic modulator and the third beam splitter are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fourth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fourth signal light beam; The fifth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the fourth signal light beam to generate the first target light beam, and guide the first target light beam to the third beam splitter; The sixth signal source is connected to the fifth acousto-optic modulator and is used to control the frequency of the first target light beam; The first reflecting mirror is used to control the optical path difference between the fourth signal beam and the fifth signal beam, and guide the fifth signal beam to the sixth acousto-optic modulator; The sixth acousto-optic modulator and the second reflector are sequentially arranged on the irradiation optical path of the fifth signal light beam along the propagation direction of the fifth signal light beam; The sixth acousto-optic modulator is used to control the diffraction of the fifth signal light beam to generate the second target light beam, and guide the second target light beam to the second reflector; The seventh signal source is connected to the sixth acousto-optic modulator, and is used to control the frequency of the second target light beam; The second reflector is used to guide the second target light beam to the third beam splitter; The third beam splitter is used to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

8. A control method for a multi-mode quantum state manipulation system, characterized in that: The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system includes: a modulation component and a conversion component; The multi-mode quantum state manipulation system further includes: a power stabilization component; The power stabilizing component is provided on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser and is used to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser; The power stabilization component includes: a first acousto-optic modulator, a first beam splitter, a photoelectric probe, a feedback circuit and a second signal source; The first acousto-optic modulator and the first beam splitter are sequentially arranged on an irradiation optical path of the modulated laser along a propagation direction of the modulated laser; The first beam splitter is used to split the modulated laser light to generate a first signal beam and a second signal beam; The photoelectric probe is connected to the feedback circuit, the second signal source, and the first acousto-optic modulator in sequence, and is used to monitor the optical power of the second signal beam, and send a feedback adjustment signal to the second signal source through the feedback circuit when the optical power of the second signal beam fluctuates; The second signal source is used to output a second AC signal according to the feedback adjustment signal, so that the first acousto-optic modulator modulates the modulated laser in combination with the second AC signal to stabilize the optical power of the modulated laser; The control method comprises: Configuring the modulation component so that the modulation component can receive the seed laser and modulate the seed laser according to preset requirements to control the modulation depth to generate modulated laser; The conversion component is arranged on the irradiation optical path of the modulated laser, so that the conversion component can receive the modulated laser and control the optical path difference and frequency difference according to preset requirements to split the modulated laser into a first target beam and a second target beam; The conversion component is used to control the first target light beam and the second target light beam to interfere with each other to form a target control light beam.

Images