Multistage pulse perforation and fracturing composite device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and discloses a multi-stage pulse perforation and fracturing composite device which comprises a protective shell, a gravity pendant is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell, a first connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell, a guide mechanism is arranged in the protective shell, the multi-stage pulse perforation and fracturing composite device further comprises a protective mechanism, and the protective mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell. The protection mechanism comprises a protection plate, the outer wall of the protection plate is fixedly connected with a guide block, and the outer wall of the guide block is fixedly connected with a spring. The fracturing device is supported and positioned through the protection mechanism, so that the fracturing device is positioned in the center of an oil well at the moment of fracturing the oil well, and the situation that the fracturing device is deviated from a preset fracturing position due to the fact that impact force extrudes the fracturing device, and the fracturing effect is affected is prevented; and meanwhile, the guide sleeve is protected in time after fracturing is completed, and the situation that the fracturing device is damaged due to the fact that backflow is poured into the fracturing device after an oil well is fractured is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and specifically to a multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of oil and gas exploitation, efficient exploitation has always been the goal pursued by the industry. With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing difficulty of oil and gas resource exploitation, the exploitation technology and equipment have become extremely urgent. In order to achieve better exploitation effects, the multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device has emerged under this background, opening up a new path for oil and gas exploitation and meeting the industry's requirements for efficient and sustainable exploitation.

[0003] The patent application with the application number CN03241994.5 discloses an outer sleeve type multi-stage pulsed composite perforating device, which has good perforating effect, simple process, integration of perforating and fracturing, low cost, and high safety. It includes a perforating gun body, and an outer sleeve cartridge is provided on the perforating gun body. The outer sleeve cartridge is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The outer cylinder is sleeved on the inner cylinder coated with an adhesive. The outer cylinder is a low-burning-rate cartridge, and the inner cylinder is a high-burning-rate cartridge. The outer surface of the outer cylinder of the outer sleeve cartridge is coated with a waterproof coating.

[0004] However, during the fracturing process of the multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device, it cannot be fixed to the inner wall of the oil well, resulting in the impact force generated during the fracturing process offsetting the fracturing device, causing the device to be unable to act on the target position, affecting the stability and accuracy of the fracturing operation, and the backflow of the oil well after fracturing flowing back into the interior of the fracturing device, resulting in damage to the interior of the fracturing device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device, including a protective shell, a gravity weight is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell, a connecting block one is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell, a guiding mechanism is arranged inside the protective shell, and further includes:

[0007] The protection mechanism is provided on the outer wall of the protective shell. The protection mechanism includes a protection plate. A guiding block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protection plate. A spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the guiding block. A first hinge groove is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate. A connecting plate is hinge-connected to the inner wall of the first hinge groove through a rotating shaft. A second hinge groove is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate. A supporting plate is hinge-connected to the groove wall of the second hinge groove through a rotating shaft. One end of the supporting plate away from the protection plate is hinge-connected to a second positioning plate through a hinge block. An anti-sliding block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second positioning plate. The second positioning plate is used to contact the oil well wall to position and support the fracturing device. The anti-sliding block is supported by the second positioning plate and embedded in the oil well wall to prevent the second positioning plate from shifting due to vibration. The second positioning plate is arc-shaped and matches the arc of the protective shell. At the same time, the arc surface of the second positioning plate is adjusted by the inner wall of the oil well.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, a recovery groove is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell. A first guiding groove is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the recovery groove. A notch is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell. A docking groove is formed in the inner wall of the protective shell. A first guiding hole is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the docking groove. The recovery groove is used to recover the second positioning plate.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the guiding mechanism includes an inner sleeve. A second guiding groove is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve. A guiding component is arranged inside the second guiding groove. A connecting groove is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve. A first positioning plate is slidably connected to the groove wall of the connecting groove. A positioning block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate. A third guiding groove is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve. A second connecting block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate. A supporting block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner sleeve. The connecting groove penetrates the inner wall of the inner sleeve to guide the first positioning plate. The first positioning plate is used to contact the oil well wall to support and fix the fracturing device. The positioning block is used to be embedded in the oil well wall to fix the first positioning plate.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the guiding component includes a docking block. The outer wall of the docking block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second guiding groove. A sliding plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the docking block. A second guiding hole is formed in the outer wall of the docking block. A guiding sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate. An expansion rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate. The other end of the expansion rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the docking block. The second guiding hole is used to guide the fracturing gas. The guiding sleeve is used to concentrate the fracturing gas.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the inner wall of the connecting plate is hinged to the outer wall of the second connecting block through a rotating shaft. The outer wall of the connecting plate slides along the groove wall of the notch. The outer wall of the support plate slides along the groove wall of the first guiding groove. The inner wall of the second positioning plate slides along the groove wall of the recovery groove. The outer wall of the guiding block is slidably connected to the groove wall of the third guiding groove. One end of the spring 307 away from the guiding block 306 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the third guiding groove 206. The inner wall of the protective plate slides along the outer wall of the inner sleeve. The outer wall of the protective plate slides along the inner wall of the protective shell. The protective plate slides in the direction of the first positioning plate, and the outer wall of the protective plate is inserted into the outer wall of the first positioning plate. The connecting plate is used to support and guide the first positioning plate. The connecting plate is used to drive the protective plate to slide on the outer wall of the inner sleeve. The protective plate is used to protect and isolate the guiding sleeve.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the groove wall of the docking groove is inserted into the outer wall of the docking block. The hole wall of the first guiding hole is inserted into the outer wall of the guiding sleeve. The groove wall of the notch is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second positioning plate. The first guiding hole is used to guide the guiding sleeve. The docking groove is used to limit the docking block.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the outer wall of the inner sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting block. The support block is arranged inside the first guiding groove and is used to support the support plate. A multi-stage pulse device is arranged inside the inner sleeve to fracture the oil well.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the telescopic rod is elastic and is used to drive the sliding plate to slide and reset inside the docking block. The opening position of the second guiding hole is on the same axis as the guiding sleeve. The outer wall of the docking block contacts the inner wall of the protective plate. The second guiding hole is used to guide the fracturing gas.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. For this multi-stage pulse perforation and fracturing composite device, the fracturing device is supported and positioned through the protection mechanism, so that the fracturing device is positioned at the center of the oil well instantaneously when fracturing the oil well, and prevents the impact force from squeezing the fracturing device and causing the fracturing device to deviate from the preset fracturing position, affecting the fracturing effect. At the same time, the guiding sleeve is protected in time after fracturing to prevent the backflow of the oil well after fracturing from pouring into the interior of the fracturing device and causing damage to the fracturing device.

[0017] 2. For this multi-stage pulse perforation and fracturing composite device, the fracturing gas is guided through the guiding mechanism, so that the impact force of the perforation of the fracturing device is more concentrated. At the same time, the fracturing device is fixedly supported instantaneously during fracturing to prevent the impact force generated during fracturing from causing the fracturing device to deviate from the preset fracturing position and affecting the fracturing effect, and it is quickly recovered into the interior of the fracturing device after perforation and fracturing to prevent the backflow of the oil well after fracturing from pouring back into the interior of the fracturing device.

[0018] 3. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device guides the fracturing gas through the guiding assembly, making the fracturing device more concentrated during the perforating process. At the same time, it guides the fracturing gas outside the fracturing device through the guiding sleeve, making the fracturing gas more accurately aligned with the oil well hole for perforating and fracturing, increasing the fracturing effect of the fracturing device on the oil well.

[0019] 4. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device contacts the oil well wall through the second positioning plate during the fracturing process to support and position the fracturing device. At the same time, after the arc-shaped second positioning plate fits and supports the oil well wall, it adjusts according to the oil well wall driving the second positioning plate, making the second positioning plate fit better with the oil well, positioning the fracturing device more accurately, and fixing the fracturing device more firmly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0024] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the guiding mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the guiding mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the protection mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the guiding assembly of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Protective shell; 101. Gravity weight; 102. First connecting block; 103. Recovery groove; 104. First guiding groove; 105. Notch; 106. Docking groove; 107. First guiding hole; 2. Guiding mechanism; 201. Inner sleeve; 202. Second guiding groove; 203. First positioning plate; 204. Second connecting block; 205. Positioning block; 206. Third guiding groove; 207. Connecting groove; 208. Supporting block; 3. Protection mechanism; 301. Protection plate; 302. First hinge groove; 303. Connecting plate; 304. Second hinge groove; 305. Supporting plate; 306. Guiding block; 307. Spring; 308. Second positioning plate; 309. Anti-slip block; 4. Guiding assembly; 401. Docking block; 402. Second guiding hole; 403. Sliding plate; 404. Guiding sleeve; 405. Telescopic rod. Specific embodiments

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1. Please refer to Figures 1-4 And Figure 7 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-stage pulse perforating and fracturing composite device, including a protective shell 1, a gravity weight 101 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell 1, a first connecting block 102 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective shell 1, a guiding mechanism 2 arranged inside the protective shell 1, and further including:

[0031] The protection mechanism 3 is arranged on the outer wall of the protection shell 1. The protection mechanism 3 includes a protection plate 301. A guide block 306 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protection plate 301. A spring 307 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the guide block 306. A first hinge groove 302 is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate 301. A connecting plate 303 is hinge-connected to the inner wall of the first hinge groove 302 through a rotating shaft. A second hinge groove 304 is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate 301. A support plate 305 is hinge-connected to the groove wall of the second hinge groove 304 through a rotating shaft. One end of the support plate 305 away from the protection plate 301 is hinge-connected to a second positioning plate 308 through a hinge block. An anti-slip block 309 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308. The second positioning plate 308 is used to contact the oil well wall to position and support the fracturing device. The anti-slip block 309 is supported by the second positioning plate 308 and embedded in the oil well wall to prevent the second positioning plate 308 from shifting due to vibration. The shape of the second positioning plate 308 is arc-shaped, which matches the arc of the protection shell 1. At the same time, the arc surface of the second positioning plate 308 is adjusted by the inner wall of the oil well. When the multi-stage pulsed perforation fracturing composite device is put into use, the connecting block 102 of the fracturing device is connected to the conveying equipment. The gravity weight 101 faces downward and the fracturing device is put into the oil well. When the fracturing device is put into the preset position of the oil well, the multi-stage pulsed device arranged inside the inner sleeve 201 emits pulses to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall. After the pulses are emitted, the pulsed air flow drives the first positioning plate 203 to slide on the inner wall of the connecting groove 207 and is guided by the notch 105. The first positioning plate 203 protrudes from the outer wall of the protection shell 1 and contacts the oil well wall. The positioning block 205 is supported by the first positioning plate 203 and embedded in the oil well wall, so that the first positioning plate 203 fixes the fracturing device in the vertical direction through the positioning block 205. During the process of the first positioning plate 203 sliding towards the oil well wall, the first positioning plate 203 drives the protection plate 301 to slide towards the first positioning plate 203 on the inner wall of the protection shell 1 through the hinge with the connecting plate 303. At the same time, the protection plate 301 drives the guide block 306 to compress the spring 307 and slide on the inner wall of the third guide groove 206, so that the protection plate 301 releases the protection of the docking block 401. The docking block 401 is driven by the pulse to slide on the inner wall of the second guide groove 202 and protrudes from the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 to be inserted into the docking groove 106. The fracturing pulse is guided by the second guide hole 402, drives the sliding plate 403 to compress the telescopic rod 405 and slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, so that the guide sleeve 404 is guided by the first guide hole 107 and protrudes from the outer wall of the protection shell 1, and the fracturing gas is emitted through the guide sleeve 404 to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall. During the process of the protection plate 301 sliding towards the first positioning plate 203, the outer wall of the support plate 305 contacts the outer wall of the support block 208, so that the support plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to leave the recovery groove 103 and contact the oil well wall. And due to the arc shape of the second positioning plate 308, after the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 contacts the oil well wall, through the support of the support plate 305 for the second positioning plate 308, the second positioning plate 308 takes the hinge point of the support plate 305 as the support point,Adjust the direction to make the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 fit more closely to the oil well wall, position the fracturing device at the center of the oil well. At the same time, the second positioning plate 308 is supported by the support plate 305, so that the anti-slip block 309 is embedded in the oil well wall, and the second positioning plate 308 supports and fixes the fracturing device through the support plate 305. After the second positioning plate 308 is fixed to the oil well wall, the outer wall of the protection plate 301 contacts the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203 and is inserted into the first positioning plate 203 to support and fix the first positioning plate 203. After the pulse of the fracturing device is emitted, after the guide sleeve 404 discharges the pulse gas inside the inner sleeve 201, the telescopic rod 405 squeezes the sliding plate 403 to slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, driving the guide sleeve 404 to retract into the docking block 401. The spring 307 squeezes the guide block 306 to slide on the inner wall of the third guide groove 206, driving the protection plate 301 to close the outlet of the guide sleeve 404, isolating the guide sleeve 404 from the outside of the protective shell 1, preventing backflow into the guide sleeve 404 after the oil well fracturing is completed and causing damage to the multi-stage pulse device. During the reset process of the protection plate 301, the support plate 305 is limited through the first guide groove 104, so that the support plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to be retracted into the recovery groove 103. At the same time, the protection plate 301 drives the first positioning plate 203 to slide in the connection groove 207 through the connection plate 303, so that the first positioning plate 203 retracts into the inner sleeve 201. After the first positioning plate 203 and the second positioning plate 308 are reset, the fixation of the fracturing device is released, and the fracturing device is pulled to move it to the next preset position for the next fracturing;

[0032] A recovery groove 103 is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell 1, a first guiding groove 104 is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the recovery groove 103, a notch 105 is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell 1, a docking groove 106 is formed in the inner wall of the protective shell 1, and a first guiding hole 107 is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the docking groove 106. The recovery groove 103 is used for recovering the second positioning plate 308. After the pulse is emitted, the first positioning plate 203 supports and positions the fracturing device. During the process of the protective plate 301 sliding towards the first positioning plate 203, the outer wall of the support plate 305 contacts the outer wall of the support block 208, so that the support plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to leave the recovery groove 103 and contact the oil well wall. Due to the arc shape of the second positioning plate 308, after the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 contacts the oil well wall, through the support of the support plate 305 for the second positioning plate 308, the second positioning plate 308 takes the hinge point of the support plate 305 as the support point for direction adjustment, so that the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 fits the oil well wall more closely, positioning the fracturing device at the center of the oil well. At the same time, the second positioning plate 308 is supported by the support plate 305, so that the anti-slip block 309 is embedded in the oil well wall, and the second positioning plate 308 supports and fixes the fracturing device through the support plate 305. After the second positioning plate 308 is fixed to the oil well wall, the outer wall of the protective plate 301 contacts the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203 and is inserted into the first positioning plate 203 to fixedly support the first positioning plate 203. After the fracturing device finishes fracturing the oil well, during the reset process of the protective plate 301, the support plate 305 is limited by the first guiding groove 104, so that the support plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to be recovered into the recovery groove 103. At the same time, the protective plate 301 drives the first positioning plate 203 to slide in the connection groove 207 through the connecting plate 303, so that the first positioning plate 203 retracts into the inner sleeve 201. After the first positioning plate 203 and the second positioning plate 308 are reset, the fixation of the fracturing device is released, and the fracturing device is pulled to move it to the next preset position for the next fracturing;

[0033] The inner wall of the connecting plate 303 is hinged to the outer wall of the second connecting block 204 through a rotating shaft. The outer wall of the connecting plate 303 slides along the groove wall of the notch 105. The outer wall of the support plate 305 slides along the groove wall of the first guiding groove 104. The inner wall of the second positioning plate 308 slides along the groove wall of the recovery groove 103. The outer wall of the guiding block 306 slides connected to the groove wall of the third guiding groove 206. One end of the spring 307 away from the guiding block 306 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the third guiding groove 206. The inner wall of the protective plate 301 slides along the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201. The outer wall of the protective plate 301 slides along the inner wall of the protective shell 1. The protective plate 301 slides towards the first positioning plate 203. The outer wall of the protective plate 301 is inserted into the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203. The connecting plate 303 is used to support and guide the first positioning plate 203. The connecting plate 303 is used to drive the protective plate 301 to slide along the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201. The protective plate 301 is used to protect and isolate the guiding sleeve 404. After the fracturing device emits a pulse, the pulsed air flow drives the first positioning plate 203 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting groove 207 and is guided by the notch 105. The first positioning plate 203 protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1 and contacts the oil well wall. The positioning block 205 is supported by the first positioning plate 203 and is embedded in the oil well wall, so that the first positioning plate 203 fixes the fracturing device in the vertical direction through the positioning block 205. During the process of the first positioning plate 203 sliding towards the oil well wall, the first positioning plate 203 drives the protective plate 301 to slide towards the first positioning plate 203 along the inner wall of the protective shell 1 through being hinged to the connecting plate 303. At the same time, the protective plate 301 drives the guiding block 306 to compress the spring 307 and slide along the inner wall of the third guiding groove 206, so that the protective plate 301 releases the protection of the docking block 401. The docking block 401 is driven by the pulse and slides along the inner wall of the second guiding groove 202, protruding from the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 and being inserted into the docking groove 106. The fracturing pulse is guided by the second guiding hole 402, driving the sliding plate 403 to compress the telescopic rod 405 and slide along the inner wall of the docking block 401, so that the guiding sleeve 404 is guided by the first guiding hole 107 and protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1, and emits the fracturing gas through the guiding sleeve 404 to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall. During the process of the protective plate 301 sliding towards the first positioning plate 203, the outer wall of the support plate 305 contacts the outer wall of the support block 208, so that the support plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to leave the recovery groove 103 and contact the oil well wall. And through the arc shape of the second positioning plate 308, after the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 contacts the oil well wall, through the support of the support plate 305 for the second positioning plate 308, the second positioning plate 308 takes the hinge point of the support plate 305 as the support point to adjust the direction, so that the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 fits the oil well wall more closely, positioning the fracturing device at the center of the oil well. At the same time, the second positioning plate 308 is supported by the support plate 305, so that the anti-sliding block 309 is embedded in the oil well wall, and the second positioning plate 308 supports and fixes the fracturing device through the support plate 305. After the second positioning plate 308 is fixed to the oil well wall, the outer wall of the protective plate 301 contacts the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203 and is inserted into the first positioning plate 203.Fix and support the positioning plate 1 (203). After the pulse emission of the fracturing device is completed, after the guide sleeve 404 discharges the pulse gas inside the inner sleeve 201, the telescopic rod 405 squeezes the sliding plate 403 to slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, driving the guide sleeve 404 to retract into the docking block 401. The spring 307 squeezes the guide block 306 to slide on the inner wall of the third guide groove 206, driving the protective plate 301 to close the outlet of the guide sleeve 404, isolating the guide sleeve 404 from the outside of the protective shell 1, and preventing backflow into the guide sleeve 404 after the oil well fracturing is completed, which may cause damage to the multi-stage pulse device;

[0034] The inner wall of the docking groove 106 is inserted into the outer wall of the docking block 401, the inner wall of the first guide hole 107 is inserted into the outer wall of the guide sleeve 404, and the inner wall of the notch 105 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the positioning plate 2 (308). The first guide hole 107 is used to guide the guide sleeve 404, and the docking groove 106 is used to limit the docking block 401. After the fracturing device emits a pulse, the pulse air flow drives the positioning plate 1 (203) to slide on the inner wall of the connecting groove 207 and is guided by the notch 105. The positioning plate 1 (203) protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1 and contacts the oil well wall. The positioning block 205 is supported by the positioning plate 1 (203) and is embedded in the oil well wall, so that the positioning plate 1 (203) fixes the fracturing device in the vertical direction through the positioning block 205. During the process of the positioning plate 1 (203) sliding towards the oil well wall, the positioning plate 1 (203) drives the protective plate 301 to slide towards the positioning plate 1 (203) on the inner wall of the protective shell 1 through being hinged to the connecting plate 303. At the same time, the protective plate 301 drives the guide block 306 to compress the spring 307 to slide on the inner wall of the third guide groove 206, so that the protective plate 301 releases the protection of the docking block 401. Driven by the pulse, the docking block 401 slides on the inner wall of the second guide groove 202 and protrudes from the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 to be inserted into the docking groove 106. The fracturing pulse is guided by the second guide hole 402, driving the sliding plate 403 to compress the telescopic rod 405 to slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, so that the guide sleeve 404 is guided by the first guide hole 107 and protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1, and the fracturing gas is emitted through the guide sleeve 404 to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall.

[0035] Embodiment 2, based on Embodiment 1, please refer to Figures 5-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: The guiding mechanism 2 includes an inner sleeve 201. A second guiding groove 202 is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve 201. A guiding component 4 is arranged inside the second guiding groove 202. A connecting groove 207 is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve 201. A first positioning plate 203 is slidably connected to the groove wall of the connecting groove 207. A positioning block 205 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203. A third guiding groove 206 is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve 201. A second connecting block 204 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203. A supporting block 208 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201. The connecting groove 207 penetrates through the inner wall of the inner sleeve 201 and is used to guide the first positioning plate 203. The first positioning plate 203 is used to contact the oil well wall to support and fix the fracturing device. The positioning block 205 is used to embed into the oil well wall to fix the first positioning plate 203. After the fracturing device emits a pulse, the pulsed air flow drives the first positioning plate 203 to slide on the inner wall of the connecting groove 207 and is guided through the notch 105. The first positioning plate 203 protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1 and contacts the oil well wall. The positioning block 205 is supported by the first positioning plate 203 and embeds into the oil well wall, so that the first positioning plate 203 fixes the fracturing device in the vertical direction through the positioning block 205. During the process of the first positioning plate 203 sliding towards the oil well wall, the first positioning plate 203 drives the protective plate 301 to slide towards the first positioning plate 203 on the inner wall of the protective shell 1 by being hinged to the connecting plate 303. The outer wall of the supporting plate 305 contacts the outer wall of the supporting block 208, so that the supporting plate 305 drives the second positioning plate 308 to leave the recovery groove 103 and contact the oil well wall. Due to the arc shape of the second positioning plate 308, after the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 contacts the oil well wall, through the support of the supporting plate 305 for the second positioning plate 308, the second positioning plate 308 takes the hinge point with the supporting plate 305 as the support point for direction adjustment, so that the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 fits the oil well wall more closely, positions the fracturing device at the center of the oil well. At the same time, the second positioning plate 308 is supported by the supporting plate 305, so that the anti-sliding block 309 embeds into the oil well wall, and the second positioning plate 308 supports and fixes the fracturing device through the supporting plate 305. After the second positioning plate 308 is fixed to the oil well wall, the outer wall of the protective plate 301 contacts the outer wall of the first positioning plate 203 and is inserted into the first positioning plate 203 to fixedly support the first positioning plate 203;

[0036] The outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting block 102. The support block 208 is arranged inside the first guiding groove 104 and is used to support the support plate 305. Inside the inner sleeve 201, a multi-stage pulse device is arranged to fracture the oil well. After the multi-stage pulse device emits a pulse, the first positioning plate 203 contacts the oil well wall to lock the vertical direction of the fracturing device in the oil well. At the same time, the first positioning plate 203 is hingedly connected to the connecting plate 303 through the second connecting block 204, driving the protective plate 301 to slide on the inner wall of the protective shell 1 towards the first positioning plate 203. The outer wall of the support plate 305 contacts the outer wall of the support block 208, causing the support plate 305 to drive the second positioning plate 308 away from the recovery groove 103 and contact the oil well wall. Through the arc shape of the second positioning plate 308, after the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 contacts the oil well wall, with the support of the support plate 305 for the second positioning plate 308, the second positioning plate 308 uses the hinge point with the support plate 305 as the support point to adjust the direction, making the outer wall of the second positioning plate 308 fit the oil well wall more closely and positioning the fracturing device at the center of the oil well.

[0037] Embodiment 3. Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, please refer to Figure 8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: The guiding assembly 4 includes a docking block 401. The outer wall of the docking block 401 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second guiding groove 202. A sliding plate 403 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the docking block 401. A second guiding hole 402 is opened on the outer wall of the docking block 401. A guiding sleeve 404 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate 403. A telescopic rod 405 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate 403, and the other end of the telescopic rod 405 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the docking block 401. The second guiding hole 402 is used to guide the fracturing gas, and the guiding sleeve 404 is used to concentrate the fracturing gas. After the fracturing device emits a pulse, the first positioning plate 203 contacts the oil well wall, fixing the vertical direction of the fracturing device in the oil well. During the process of the first positioning plate 203 sliding towards the oil well wall, the first positioning plate 203 drives the protective plate 301 to slide on the inner wall of the protective shell 1 towards the first positioning plate 203 through the hinge connection with the connecting plate 303. At the same time, the protective plate 301 drives the guiding block 306 to compress the spring 307 and slide on the inner wall of the third guiding groove 206, releasing the protection of the docking block 401 by the protective plate 301. Driven by the pulse, the docking block 401 slides on the inner wall of the second guiding groove 202 and protrudes from the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 to be inserted into the docking groove 106. The fracturing pulse is guided through the second guiding hole 402, driving the sliding plate 403 to compress the telescopic rod 405 and slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, so that the guiding sleeve 404 is guided through the first guiding hole 107 and protrudes from the outer wall of the protective shell 1, and the fracturing gas is emitted through the guiding sleeve 404 to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall;

[0038] The telescopic rod 405 is elastic and is used to drive the sliding plate 403 to slide and reset on the inner wall of the docking block 401. The position where the second guiding hole 402 is opened is on the same axis as the guiding sleeve 404. The outer wall of the docking block 401 contacts the inner wall of the protection plate 301. The second guiding hole 402 is used to guide the fracturing gas. By sliding the protection plate 301 on the inner wall of the protection shell 1 towards the first positioning plate 203, at the same time, the protection plate 301 drives the guiding block 306 to compress the spring 307 and slide on the inner wall of the third guiding groove 206, so that the protection of the docking block 401 by the protection plate 301 is released. Driven by the pulse, the docking block 401 slides on the inner wall of the second guiding groove 202 and protrudes from the outer wall of the inner sleeve 201 to be inserted into the docking groove 106. The fracturing pulse is guided by the second guiding hole 402, driving the sliding plate 403 to compress the telescopic rod 405 and slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, so that the guiding sleeve 404 protrudes from the outer wall of the protection shell 1 through the guiding of the first guiding hole 107, and the fracturing gas is emitted through the guiding sleeve 404 to fracture the cracks in the oil well wall. After the pulse emission of the fracturing device is completed, after the guiding sleeve 404 discharges the pulsed gas inside the inner sleeve 201, the telescopic rod 405 squeezes the sliding plate 403 to slide on the inner wall of the docking block 401, driving the guiding sleeve 404 to retract into the docking block 401. The spring 307 squeezes the guiding block 306 to slide on the inner wall of the third guiding groove 206, driving the protection plate 301 to close the outlet of the guiding sleeve 404 and isolate the guiding sleeve 404 from the outside of the protection shell 1, preventing backflow into the guiding sleeve 404 after the oil well fracturing is completed and causing damage to the multi-stage pulse device.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Multistage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device, comprising a protective shell (1), an outer wall of the protective shell (1) is fixedly connected with a gravity weight (101), and an outer wall of the protective shell (1) is fixedly connected with a first connecting block (102), characterized in that, A guiding mechanism (2) is arranged inside the protective shell (1), and it further includes: A protection mechanism (3), the protection mechanism (3) is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell (1), the protection mechanism (3) includes a protection plate (301), a guiding block (306) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protection plate (301), a spring (307) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the guiding block (306), a first hinge groove (302) is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate (301), a connecting plate (303) is hinge-connected to the inner wall of the first hinge groove (302) through a rotating shaft, a second hinge groove (304) is formed in the outer wall of the protection plate (301), a support plate (305) is hinge-connected to the groove wall of the second hinge groove (304) through a rotating shaft, one end of the support plate (305) away from the protection plate (301) is hinge-connected to a second positioning plate (308) through a hinge block, an anti-slip block (309) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second positioning plate (308), the second positioning plate (308) is used for contacting the oil well wall to position and support the fracturing device, the anti-slip block (309) is supported by the second positioning plate (308) and embedded in the oil well wall to prevent the second positioning plate (308) from shifting due to vibration, the second positioning plate (308) is arc-shaped, while matching the arc of the protective shell (1), the arc surface of the second positioning plate (308) is adjusted by the inner wall of the oil well.

2. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A recovery groove (103) is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell (1), a first guiding groove (104) is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the recovery groove (103), a notch (105) is formed in the outer wall of the protective shell (1), a docking groove (106) is formed in the inner wall of the protective shell (1), a first guiding hole (107) is formed at the bottom of the groove wall of the docking groove (106), and the recovery groove (103) is used for recovering the second positioning plate (308).

3. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding mechanism (2) includes an inner sleeve (201), a second guiding groove (202) is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve (201), a guiding component (4) is arranged inside the second guiding groove (202), a connecting groove (207) is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve (201), a first positioning plate (203) is slidably connected to the groove wall of the connecting groove (207), a positioning block (205) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate (203), a third guiding groove (206) is formed in the inner wall of the inner sleeve (201), a second connecting block (204) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first positioning plate (203), a support block (208) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner sleeve (201), the connecting groove (207) penetrates through the inner wall of the inner sleeve (201) to guide the first positioning plate (203), the first positioning plate (203) is used for contacting the oil well wall to support and fix the fracturing device, and the positioning block (205) is used for embedding the oil well wall to fix the first positioning plate (203).

4. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding component (4) includes a docking block (401). The outer wall of the docking block (401) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second guiding groove (202). A sliding plate (403) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the docking block (401). A second guiding hole (402) is formed in the outer wall of the docking block (401). A guiding sleeve (404) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate (403). A telescopic rod (405) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding plate (403). The other end of the telescopic rod (405) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the docking block (401). The second guiding hole (402) is used to guide the fracturing gas, and the guiding sleeve (404) is used to concentrate the fracturing gas.

5. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the connecting plate (303) is hingedly connected to the outer wall of the second connecting block (204) through a rotating shaft. The outer wall of the connecting plate (303) slides along the groove wall of the notch (105). The outer wall of the support plate (305) slides along the groove wall of the first guiding groove (104). The inner wall of the second positioning plate (308) slides along the groove wall of the recovery groove (103). The outer wall of the guiding block (306) slides along the groove wall of the third guiding groove (206). One end of the spring (307) away from the guiding block (306) is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the third guiding groove (206). The inner wall of the protective plate (301) slides along the outer wall of the inner sleeve (201). The outer wall of the protective plate (301) slides along the inner wall of the protective shell (1). The protective plate (301) slides towards the first positioning plate (203). The outer wall of the protective plate (301) is inserted into the outer wall of the first positioning plate (203). The connecting plate (303) is used to support and guide the first positioning plate (203), and the connecting plate (303) is used to drive the protective plate (301) to slide on the outer wall of the inner sleeve (201). The protective plate (301) is used to protect and isolate the guiding sleeve (404).

6. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 2, wherein: The groove wall of the docking groove (106) is inserted into the outer wall of the docking block (401). The hole wall of the first guiding hole (107) is inserted into the outer wall of the guiding sleeve (404). The groove wall of the notch (105) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second positioning plate (308). The first guiding hole (107) is used to guide the guiding sleeve (404), and the docking groove (106) is used to limit the docking block (401).

7. The multi-stage pulsed perforation and fracturing composite device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the inner sleeve (201) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first connecting block (102). The support block (208) is arranged inside the first guiding groove (104) and is used to support the support plate (305). A multi-stage pulse device is arranged inside the inner sleeve (201) to fracture the oil well.

8. The multi-stage pulsed perforating and fracturing composite device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (405) is elastic and is used to drive the sliding plate (403) to slide and reset on the inner wall of the docking block (401). The position where the second guiding hole (402) is opened is on the same axis as the guiding sleeve (404). The outer wall of the docking block (401) is in contact with the inner wall of the protective plate (301). The second guiding hole (402) is used to guide the fracturing gas.

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