Friction electrification device based on material interface self-adjustment and electrification performance enhancing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of friction nanometer power generation, in particular to a friction electrification device based on material interface self-adjustment and an electrification performance enhancing method. The triboelectrification device comprises a shell, a driven assembly, a sliding assembly and a power generation assembly. The driven assembly slides in the horizontal direction. The sliding assembly linearly reciprocates in the vertical direction. The power generation assembly comprises two first base plates with friction units and a second base plate with a first friction layer. The upper end of the first base plate is fixed to the driven assembly. The second substrate is arranged between the two first substrates, and the lower end of the second substrate is fixed to the sliding assembly. The sliding assembly drives the second base plates to move up and down so that the first friction layers can make contact with the friction units on the two first base plates alternately and slide relative to the friction units, the friction electrification performance is enhanced, and meanwhile small interface contact pressure is maintained between the first friction layers and the friction units. Therefore, compatibility of high triboelectrification performance and high durability is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and particularly to a triboelectric device based on self - regulation of material interfaces and a method for enhancing triboelectrification performance. Background Art

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators are a highly promising energy - harvesting technology that can convert the ubiquitous disordered energy in the environment into electrical energy and provide a reliable power supply for distributed sensors. Due to the advantages of wide material selection, simple preparation process, low cost, and high energy - conversion efficiency under low - frequency excitation conditions, triboelectric nanogenerators have shown great application potential in fields such as high - entropy energy harvesting and self - powered sensing. However, during the operation of existing triboelectric nanogenerators, wear problems easily occur at the interfaces of friction materials, resulting in attenuation of their output performance and poor durability. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects of wear on the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators, people have designed triboelectric nanogenerators with non - contact, rolling - contact, etc. structures to solve the adverse effects brought by wear. However, these above - mentioned structures will lead to a decrease in the frictional force between friction materials, and the decrease in the frictional force will result in a reduction in the overlap of electron clouds at the interfaces of friction materials, thereby reducing the electrical output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. Therefore, for triboelectric nanogenerators in the prior art, there is an obvious contradictory relationship between the durability of friction materials and high triboelectrification performance. If it is desired that the friction materials of triboelectric nanogenerators can be used durably, the friction between friction materials needs to be reduced, and reducing the friction between friction materials will cause triboelectric nanogenerators to be unable to generate electricity efficiently. Therefore, triboelectric nanogenerators in the prior art cannot simultaneously take into account high triboelectrification performance and the durability of friction materials, making the prepared triboelectric nanogenerators unable to achieve persistent and efficient conversion of external energy into electrical energy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem that triboelectric nanogenerators in the prior art cannot simultaneously take into account high triboelectrification performance and the durability of friction materials, resulting in their inability to achieve persistent and efficient conversion of external energy into electrical energy, the present invention provides a triboelectric device based on self - regulation of material interfaces and a method for enhancing triboelectrification performance.

[0004] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A triboelectric device based on self-regulation of material interfaces, which includes a housing, a driven component, a sliding component, and a power generation component. The sliding component is installed inside the housing and can perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing. The driven component is installed inside the housing and can slide along the horizontal direction of the housing. The power generation component includes at least two first substrates and at least one second substrate. The first substrates are inclined along the horizontal direction of the housing and their upper ends are fixed to the driven component. The second substrate is arranged between two first substrates and is parallel to the first substrates, and the lower end of the second substrate is fixedly connected to the sliding component. On the side wall of the first substrate facing the second substrate, there is a friction unit, and on the side wall of the second substrate facing the first substrate, there is a first friction layer. The sliding component slides under the action of an external force, thereby driving the second substrate to move up and down, so that the first friction layer alternately contacts the friction units on the two first substrates and undergoes relative sliding to achieve triboelectrification.

[0005] As a further improvement of the present invention, the friction unit includes a second friction layer and a conductive sheet. The conductive sheet is bonded to the first substrate, the second friction layer is bonded to the outside of the conductive sheet and faces the first friction layer, and there is a difference in the electronegativity between the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the triboelectric device further includes a driving mechanism connected to the sliding component. The driving mechanism is used to convert external energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding component to perform linear reciprocating motion.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the driving mechanism is an oscillating float, which is used to capture wave energy and convert the captured wave energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding component to perform linear reciprocating motion.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the driving mechanism is an energy conversion device with a bluff body, which uses the bluff body to capture external fluid energy and converts the captured fluid energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding component to perform linear reciprocating motion through flow-induced vibration technology.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the number of the first substrates is multiple, the number of the second substrates is multiple, and the multiple first substrates and the multiple second substrates are all arranged at equal intervals and alternately along the horizontal direction of the housing. The distance between two adjacent first substrates is equal to the distance between two adjacent second substrates.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sliding assembly includes a sliding plate and at least two limiting members. The two limiting members are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding plate; the second substrate is detachably mounted on the sliding plate; the limiting member includes a first guide rail and a pair of limiting blocks. The first guide rail is vertically mounted on the inner wall of the housing, and the pair of limiting blocks are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the first guide rail; a first slider cooperating with the first guide rail is mounted on the sliding plate. The linear reciprocating motion of the sliding assembly along the vertical direction of the housing is realized by the sliding of the first slider on the first guide rail and the limitation of the two limiting blocks.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sliding plate includes a first mounting plate and two connecting plates. The two connecting plates are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the first mounting plate, and the first slider is fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the connecting plate; a plurality of second substrates are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction of the first mounting plate.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the driven assembly includes a second mounting plate, a second slider and a second guide rail. The second guide rail is horizontally and fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the top of the housing. A second slider is provided on one side of the second mounting plate facing the second guide rail. The second slider is slidably mounted in the second guide rail, and the first substrate is detachably mounted on the side of the second mounting plate away from the second slider.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first friction layer is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film layer, the second friction layer is a nylon film layer, and the conductive sheet is a copper electrode sheet.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, both the first substrate and the second substrate are insulating substrates.

[0015] The present invention also includes a method for enhancing the electrification performance, which adopts the triboelectric charging device based on material interface self-regulation as described above.

[0016] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The triboelectric device based on material interface self - regulation provided by the present invention realizes the linear reciprocating motion of the first substrate driving the first friction layer along the vertical direction through a sliding assembly, and cooperates with two limit blocks to limit the distance of the linear reciprocating motion of the first substrate, so that the first friction layer can be in full contact with the second friction layer on the second substrate. At the same time, during this process, the driven assembly has self - regulating characteristics, enabling the driven assembly to move along the horizontal direction. Thus, while ensuring full contact between the first friction layer and the second friction layer, relative sliding will also occur, expanding the dynamic contact area, further increasing the surface charge density at the contact interface between the first friction layer and the second friction layer, and thereby improving the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the driven assembly will also be forced to move when the first friction layer and the second friction layer undergo relative sliding, and the moving resistance of the second slider on the driven assembly is adjustable. In the actual design process, the resistance of the second slider can be adjusted to be very small, and with the limiting effect of the two limit blocks, the triboelectric device of the present invention can maintain a small contact interface friction force between the first friction layer and the second friction layer while satisfying the relative sliding between the first friction layer and the second friction layer. Therefore, through the mutual cooperation of the sliding assembly and the driven assembly, the present invention can achieve the compatibility of high triboelectric performance and high durability performance, improving the practicability of the entire triboelectric device.

[0018] (2) The triboelectric device based on material interface self - regulation provided by the present invention has a sliding assembly that can drive the second substrate to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction under a small driving force, enabling the second substrate to alternately contact two first substrates located on its two sides, thereby realizing the alternating contact between the first friction layer and the two second friction layers for power generation; and relative sliding can also occur between the first friction layer and the second friction layer, thereby enhancing the triboelectric performance of the entire triboelectric device.

[0019] (3) After the triboelectric performance between the first friction layer and the second friction layer is enhanced through relative sliding in the triboelectric device based on material interface self - regulation provided by the present invention, even when the input of external mechanical energy is not sufficient to cause the first friction layer and the second friction layer to contact and slide relative to each other again, at this time, the first friction layer can still move back and forth between the two friction units, causing the potential between the two conductive sheets to change and output current to the external circuit. Thus, the triboelectric device of this embodiment can not only collect and generate electricity from continuous and stable external energy, but also collect and generate electricity from one - time energy, thereby improving the practicability of the triboelectric device of this embodiment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the triboelectric device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (one side plate of the housing is not drawn).

[0021] Figure 2Front view of the triboelectric device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (one side plate of the housing is not shown).

[0022] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged schematic view of part A in the present invention

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of charge distribution when the friction layer 1 of the second substrate contacts the friction layer 2 of the first substrate on the left in Embodiment 1 of the present invention

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of charge distribution when the second substrate moves vertically upward in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, causing the friction layer 1 to separate from the friction layer 2 of the first substrate on the left

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of charge distribution when the second substrate moves vertically upward in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, causing the friction layer 1 to be in full contact with the friction layer 2 of the first substrate on the right

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of charge distribution when the second substrate moves vertically upward in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, causing the friction layer 1 to slide relative to the friction layer 2 of the first substrate on the right

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of charge distribution when the second substrate moves vertically downward in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, causing the friction layer 1 to separate from the friction layer 2 of the first substrate on the right

[0028] Figure 9 Partial structural schematic diagram when the sliding plate is separated from the housing in Embodiment 1 of the present invention

[0029] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure where the first slider is installed on the first guide rail in the present invention

[0030] Figure 11 Schematic diagram when the triboelectric device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the vibration float

[0031] Figure 12 Schematic diagram when the triboelectric device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the energy conversion device with a blunt body

[0032] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the driven component provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention

[0033] The labels in the figure are: 11, housing; 21, second mounting plate; 22, second slider; 23, second guide rail; 31, sliding plate; 311, first mounting plate; 312, connecting plate; 32, first guide rail; 33, limiting block; 34, first slider; 41, first substrate; 411, second friction layer; 412, conductive sheet; 42, second substrate; 421, first friction layer; 43, sponge; 200, oscillating float; 300, energy conversion device; 301, bluff body; 302, frame; 303, spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] Next, in combination with the detailed implementation manners, the present invention will be further described. It should be noted that, on the premise of no conflict, any combination can be formed among the following-described embodiments or technical features to form a new embodiment.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that for orientation terms, if there are terms such as "center", "horizontal", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation and position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence. The terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] This embodiment provides a triboelectric device based on self-regulation of the material interface. Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, which includes a housing 11, a driven component, a sliding component and a power generation component respectively installed in the housing 11. The power generation component includes at least two first substrates 41 and at least one second substrate 42. The two first substrates 41 are inclined along the horizontal direction of the housing 11, and the upper ends of the first substrates 41 are fixedly installed on the driven component. The second substrate 42 is arranged between the two first substrates 41 and is parallel to the first substrates 41. The lower end of the second substrate 42 is fixedly installed on the sliding component. A friction unit is provided on the side wall of the first substrate 41 facing the second substrate 42, and a first friction layer 421 facing the friction unit is provided on the side wall of the second substrate 42 facing the first substrate 41. During the actual operation process, an external acting force can drive the sliding component to perform a linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11, so that the second substrate 42 can move up and down along the vertical direction of the housing 11. While the second substrate 42 is moving up and down, the second substrate 42 can drive the driven component to slide along the horizontal direction of the housing 11 through the first substrate 41. During the process of the sliding component performing a linear reciprocating motion, the first friction layer 421 on the second substrate 42 can alternately contact and relatively slide with the friction units on the two first substrates 42, so as to realize triboelectrification through the first friction layer 421 and the friction units on the two first substrates 42. In this embodiment, by providing a driven component that can move horizontally, when the first substrate 41 drives the first friction layer 421 to perform a linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction, it is ensured that a relative sliding motion can occur between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 on the second substrate 42, thereby increasing the effective contact area between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer. In addition, the resistance of the driven component in this embodiment during horizontal movement can be adjusted. When actually manufacturing the triboelectrification device, we can move the driven component with very small resistance to achieve full contact between the first friction layer and the second friction layer while maintaining a small contact interface friction force between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411, so as to realize the compatibility of high triboelectrification performance and high durability performance and improve the practicability of the entire triboelectrification device.

[0038] The friction layer 1 (421) can be attached to the side wall of the substrate 1 (41) by pasting. The friction unit includes a friction layer 2 (411) and a conductive sheet (412), and there is a difference in electronegativity between the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411). The conductive sheet (412) can be flatly attached to the side wall of the substrate 2 (42) by pasting, and the friction layer 2 (411) can be flatly covered on the outside of the conductive sheet (412) by pasting. The friction layer 1 (421) and the friction unit are arranged to perform the power generation operation in the following manner: In this embodiment, the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411) can be made of two polymer materials with a relatively large difference in electronegativity to enhance the triboelectrification performance when the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411) come into contact. When the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411) come into contact with each other or rub against each other, equal amounts of opposite charges can be generated on their surfaces and can be maintained for a relatively long time. At the same time, the conductive sheet (412) pasted together with the friction layer 2 (411) can induce the same number of charges with opposite polarities. As the substrate 2 (42) drives the friction layer 1 (421) to move between the two friction units, the electric potential of the conductive sheets (412) on the two friction units changes. Therefore, an external circuit connected to the two conductive sheets (412) will output a current, thereby generating electrical energy. In actual application, the positive and negative electrodes of the electrical energy storage device can be electrically connected to the conductive sheets (412) located on the two friction units respectively, thereby enabling the collection of the generated electrical energy. Or the components that need to be powered can be connected to the two conductive sheets (412) through wires respectively, so that the electrical energy generated by the power generation assembly can be supplied to the components that need to be powered.

[0039] It can be understood that when the sliding assembly drives the friction layer 1 (421) to move upward, the friction layer 1 (421) will come into contact with the friction layer 2 (411) on the substrate 1 (41) on the right side of the substrate 2 (42) and push the driven assembly to move to the right through the slider 2 (22) and the guide rail 2 (23), causing relative sliding between the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411) on the right-side substrate 1 (41). When the sliding assembly drives the friction layer 1 (421) to move downward, the friction layer 1 (421) can come into contact with the friction layer 2 (411) on the substrate 1 (41) on the left side of the substrate 2 (42) and push the driven assembly to move to the left, causing relative sliding between the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411).

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, a sponge (43) can also be pasted between the substrate 1 (41) and the friction layer 2 (411), and a sponge (43) can also be pasted between the substrate 2 (42) and the conductive sheet (412).

[0041] It can be understood that the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 can be non-conductive polymer materials such as fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane, etc. However, when actually selecting the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411, two different materials with a relatively large difference in electronegativity are usually selected. The conductive sheet 412 can be a conductive material such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, etc.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first friction layer 421 is preferably a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer thin film layer, and the second friction layer 411 can be preferably a nylon thin film layer. The conductive sheet 412 can be preferably a copper conductive sheet 412.

[0043] The power generation principle of the power generation component can be described below in combination with the stage when the second substrate 42 moves upward: In this stage, the moment when the second substrate 42 contacts the first substrate 41 located on the left side of the second substrate 42 can be defined as the initial stage. In the initial stage, the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 on the first substrate 41 on the left come into contact with each other, so that equal amounts of opposite charges will be induced on the surfaces of the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411. At the same time, analyzing from the microscopic scale in this state, there is a gap at the contact interface between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411, so the overlapping region of the electron clouds between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 is small, resulting in a low surface charge density induced between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411, specifically as Figure 4 shown. When the first friction layer 421 moves vertically upward away from the second friction layer 411 on the first substrate 41 on the left, since the electric potentials of the conductive sheets 412 on the two first substrates 41 will change, electrons will migrate from the conductive sheet 412 on the first substrate 41 on the left to the conductive sheet 412 on the first substrate 41 on the right through the external circuit in this stage, thus realizing the outward output of current, specifically refer to Figure 5 shown. When the first friction layer 421 moves vertically upward until it is in full contact with the second friction layer 411 on the first substrate 41 on the right, all electrons will gather on the conductive sheet 412 of the first substrate 41 on the left, which can be referred to Figure 6As shown. When the friction layer 421 continues to move vertically upward, the right substrate 41 will be forced to move to the right, that is, the friction layer 411 and the conductive sheet 412 on the right substrate 41 will also move to the right synchronously. At this time, the friction layer 411 on the right substrate 41 will maintain contact with the friction layer 421 while also experiencing relative sliding. In this embodiment, since the substrate 41 connected to the driven component has the characteristics of being movable and having adjustable movement resistance, the driven component can be forced to move under the action of the substrate 42 connected to the sliding component. Analyzing this sliding process from a microscopic scale, the relative sliding between the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411 will expand the effective contact area of the friction material, making the overlapping area of the electron clouds at the contact interface between the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411 larger, and thus greatly increasing the surface charge density of the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411, as Figure 7 As shown. When the substrate 41 moves to the highest point and moves downward under the action of the sliding component, at this time, the friction layer 421 moves away from the friction layer 411 on the right substrate 42. At this time, the electric potential of the conductive sheets 412 on the two substrates 41 will change. Therefore, in this stage, electrons will migrate from the conductive sheet 412 on the right substrate 41 to the conductive sheet 412 on the left substrate through the external circuit, thereby realizing the outward output of current, as Figure 8 As shown. And in this stage, the external circuit will maintain the transferred charge quantity enhanced by the relative sliding motion. Therefore, the transferred charge quantity in the external circuit will increase significantly in this stage, thereby realizing the high electrical output performance of the triboelectric device.

[0044] From the above description, it can be seen that the driving force required for the triboelectric device of the present invention to realize triboelectric operation mainly depends on the resistance set by the slider 2 on the driven component. Therefore, the device can realize triboelectricity under a small driving force. At the same time, the triboelectric performance is enhanced by the mutual contact and relative sliding between the friction layer 421 on the substrate 42 and the friction layer 411 on the substrate 41. And after the triboelectric nanogeneration performance enhanced by the relative movement between the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411, even if the input of external mechanical energy is not sufficient to cause the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411 to come into contact and have relative sliding again, at this time, the triboelectric device can still move back and forth between the two friction units to cause the electric potential between the two conductive sheets 412 to change and output current to the external circuit. Thus, the triboelectric device of this embodiment can not only collect and generate electricity from continuous and stable external energy, but also collect and generate electricity from one-time energy, thereby improving the practicability of the triboelectric device of this embodiment, making the triboelectric device of the present invention have broad application prospects in fields such as high-entropy energy collection, self-driven sensing, and high-voltage power supplies.

[0045] In this embodiment, please refer toFigure 1 and Figure 2 The number of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 can both be multiple, and both the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are inclined. Moreover, the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are alternately arranged, so that both sides of each second substrate 42 are the first substrates 41. The distance between two adjacent first substrates 41 is equal to the distance between two adjacent second substrates 42. The distance from each second substrate 42 to the first substrate 41 on its left side and the distance to the second substrate 42 on its right side are the same. Therefore, during the actual movement process, it can be ensured that the movement states of each second substrate 42 are consistent. When moving upward, each second substrate 42 can contact and relatively slide with the first substrate 41 on the right side of the second substrate 42, thereby realizing synchronous triboelectrification and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0046] It can be understood that when the number of the first substrates 41 is multiple, the friction unit does not need to be pasted on the side wall of the leftmost first substrate 41 opposite to the second substrate 42. At the same time, the friction unit does not need to be pasted on the side wall of the rightmost first substrate 41 opposite to the second substrate 42 either.

[0047] Preferably, in this embodiment, the included angle between the first substrate 41 and the horizontal plane is the same as the included angle between the second substrate 42 and the horizontal plane, and both can be 60°. Through this setting, it can not only ensure that the friction layer 421 on the first substrate 41 contacts and relatively slides with the friction layer 411 on the second substrate 42, but also maintain a small contact interface friction force while the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411 are in full contact, thereby realizing the compatibility of high triboelectrification performance and high durability.

[0048] During the actual application process, the number of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 can be set according to actual needs. Moreover, both the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 are substrates made of insulating materials.

[0049] In this embodiment, the housing 11 can be a cuboid structure with an accommodation cavity. It can include a top plate and four side plates, and the four side plates are respectively detachably installed on the top plate. The top plate and the four side plates enclose the accommodation cavity. The sliding assembly, the driven assembly and the power generation assembly are all installed in the accommodation cavity. The side plates can be made of acrylic plates.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10, the sliding assembly includes a sliding plate 31 and at least two limiting members, and the two limiting members are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding plate 31. The two limiting members are respectively fixed on the left side plate and the right side plate. The limiting member includes a first guide rail 32 and a pair of limiting blocks 33, and the first guide rail 32 is fixedly installed along the vertical direction of the side plate. The pair of limiting blocks 33 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the first guide rail 32 respectively. A first slider 34 that cooperates with the first guide rail 32 is installed on the sliding plate 31, and the sliding assembly performs a linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the side plate by sliding the first slider 34 on the first guide rail 32 and cooperating with the limiting of the two limiting blocks 33. It can be understood that in this embodiment, by setting the sliding assembly in the form of cooperation between the first slider 34 and the first guide rail 32, the resistance during the sliding of the sliding assembly is very small, so that most of the external mechanical energy can be converted into the driving force for driving the second substrate 42 to move vertically upward or vertically downward, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the triboelectric power generation device. In addition, the sliding assembly of this embodiment is provided with two limiting blocks 33, which can not only limit the distance of the sliding assembly moving vertically upward and vertically downward through the limiting blocks 33, but also adjust the distance between the two limiting blocks 33 according to the actual lengths of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42. In the actual application process, if the distance between the two limiting blocks 33 is larger, the relative sliding distance between the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 will also increase accordingly, and the enhancement effect of the triboelectric performance between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 will be more obvious. In addition, in the actual application process, the appropriate contact friction between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 can also be maintained by selecting the appropriate distance between the two limiting blocks 33, so as to reduce the friction and wear between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 9 , the sliding plate 31 includes a first mounting plate 311 and two connecting plates 312, and the two connecting plates 312 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first mounting plate 311. The connecting plate 312 and the first mounting plate 311 can be connected by a threaded fixing method. The connecting plate 312 can be an L-shaped structure. The first slider 34 is fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the connecting plate 312. The second substrate 42 is fixedly installed on the first mounting plate 311. The depth of each second substrate 42 inserted into the area between two adjacent first substrates 41 is the same; and the distances from two adjacent second substrates 42 to the first substrate 41 on their left sides are equal.

[0052] It can be understood that when the triboelectric power generation device of this embodiment is placed in the environment to collect vibration energy, it is only necessary to connect the sliding assembly of the triboelectric power generation device to the device that generates vibration energy, and under the action of the vibration energy, the sliding assembly can perform a linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11, so as to realize the conversion of the collected vibration energy into electric energy.

[0053] Furthermore, when the triboelectric power generation device of the present invention is used to collect fluid energy such as wind energy, water energy or wave energy, it further needs to include a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism is connected to the sliding assembly and is used to convert external energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding assembly to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11.

[0054] The driving mechanism can be an oscillating float 200. Connect the oscillating float 200 to the mounting plate 311 on the triboelectric power generation device. Its application can refer to Figure 11 As shown, the oscillating float 200 can convert wave energy into mechanical energy of reciprocating linear motion, so that the sliding assembly can perform reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11 (i.e., Figure 11 the arrow direction in the figure), so that the friction layer 421 on the second substrate 42 alternately contacts and relatively slides with the friction layers 411 on the left and right sides of the first substrate 41, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and thus achieving the purpose of generating electricity through wave energy.

[0055] The driving mechanism can be an energy conversion device 300 with a bluff body 301. It uses the bluff body 301 to capture external fluid energy and converts the captured external fluid energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding assembly to perform reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11 through the flow-induced vibration technology of the bluff body 301.

[0056] The specific structure of the energy conversion device 300 with a bluff body 301 can refer to Figure 12 As shown, it can include a spring 303, a frame 302 and a bluff body 301. One end of the spring 303 is connected to the mounting plate 311 on the triboelectric power generation device, and the other end of the spring 303 is connected to the frame 302. A bluff body 301 is fixedly installed at the end of the frame 302 away from the spring 303. The bluff body 301 can be a semi-cylindrical structure. The frame 302 can include a mounting rod and fixing rods symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mounting rod. The spring 303 is fixed on the mounting rod. One end of the bluff body 301 is fixedly installed at the bottom of one of the fixing rods, and the other end of the bluff body 301 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the other fixing rod. Limiting sliders are arranged on the outer side wall of the solid rod, and the limiting sliders are slidably installed on a fixing frame. By setting the limiting sliders, the movement direction of the frame 302 can be limited, so that the frame 302 can only perform reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the fixing rod (i.e., Figure 12 the arrow direction in the figure). Coupled with the semi-cylindrical bluff body 301, the entire driving mechanism can convert external fluid energy (such as wind energy, water energy) into mechanical energy for driving the sliding assembly to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11, so that the sliding assembly can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the contact or separation of the friction layer 421 and the friction layer 411, thereby achieving the purpose of generating electricity.

[0057] In the actual application process, when the scenario where the triboelectric charging device is used is to collect wave energy or water energy, the sealing performance of the triboelectric charging device needs to be considered. For example, when the triboelectric charging device of this embodiment is used to collect wave energy, the housing 11 needs to be provided with a bottom plate, and the vibrating float will pass through the bottom plate and be fixedly connected to the sliding plate 31, so that the vibrating float can drive the sliding plate 31 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11. At the same time, for the housing 11, its bottom plate, top plate and four side plates need to jointly form a sealed structure, and the place where the vibrating float passes through the bottom plate also needs to ensure the sealing performance between the vibrating float and the bottom plate while ensuring that the vibrating float can move back and forth along the bottom plate, so that the accommodation cavity of the entire triboelectric charging device is a sealed structure.

[0058] In this embodiment, the sliding assembly can receive mechanical energy from the outside and drive the second substrate 42 to move vertically upward or vertically downward along the vertical direction. The mechanical energy from the outside can be vibration energy, or energy converted from flowing energy such as wind energy, water energy, wave energy, etc. into reciprocating motion energy.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 13, the driven component includes a second mounting plate 21, a second slider 22 and a second guide rail 23. The second guide rail 23 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the housing 11 along the horizontal direction of the housing 11. A second slider 22 is provided on one side of the second mounting plate 21 facing the second guide rail 23, and the second slider 22 is slidably installed in the second guide rail 23. The first substrate 41 is detachably installed on the side of the second mounting plate 21 away from the slider. The cooperation between the second slider 22 and the second guide rail 23 enables the second mounting plate 21 to move along the horizontal direction of the housing 11, so as to drive the first substrate 41 to move along the horizontal direction through the second mounting plate 21. It can be understood that in this embodiment, by setting the second substrate 42 to be able to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing 11 with the sliding component, and at the same time setting the first substrate 41 to be able to move along the horizontal direction of the housing 11 with the driven component. By setting both the sliding component and the driven component to be in a sliding motion mode, the triboelectric device of this embodiment can drive the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 to move under a smaller driving force, so as to achieve the purpose of triboelectrification. Through the movement of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42, a series of operations such as the contact, relative sliding and separation of the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 are realized, thereby achieving the purpose of triboelectrification. In addition, in this embodiment, relative sliding is also realized between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 to increase the overlapping area of the electron clouds on the contact surfaces of the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411, thereby greatly increasing the surface charge density of the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411. When the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 are separated, the amount of charge transferred in the external circuit will increase significantly, thereby improving the electrical output performance of the triboelectric device. At the same time, in this process, the driven component will be forced to move to the right when the second substrate 42 moves upward, and can also be forced to move to the left when the second substrate 42 moves downward. And the resistance of the second slider 22 on the driven component in this embodiment is adjustable. Therefore, in the actual design process, by selecting the second slider 22 and the second guide rail 23 made of suitable materials, the sliding resistance between the second slider 22 and the second guide rail 23 can be made smaller, so that on the premise of ensuring that the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 can be in full contact and perform relative sliding, the contact interface between the first friction layer 421 and the second friction layer 411 can also maintain a small friction force, thereby enabling the triboelectric device of this embodiment to have both high triboelectrification performance and high durability.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first substrate 41 can be fixedly installed on the second mounting plate 21 by means of bolt fixation, interference fit, etc. The second substrate 42 can be fixedly installed on the sliding plate 31 by means of bolt fixation, interference fit, etc.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] This embodiment provides a method for enhancing electrification performance, which uses the triboelectric device of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, by applying an external force to the triboelectric device, the friction layer 421 in the triboelectric device can alternately contact and relatively slide between two friction units to output electric energy.

[0063] The foregoing describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A triboelectric device based on material interface self-adjustment, characterized in that: It includes: A housing (11), A sliding assembly, which is installed in the housing (11) and is capable of performing linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the housing (11); A driven component, which is installed in the housing (11) and can slide along the horizontal direction of the housing (11); A power generation component, comprising at least two substrates (41) and at least one substrate (42); the substrate (41) is arranged obliquely along the horizontal direction of the shell (11) and its upper end is fixed to the driven component; the substrate (42) is arranged between the two substrates (41) and parallel to the substrate (41), and the lower end of the substrate (42) is fixedly connected to the sliding component; a friction unit is provided on the side wall of the substrate (41) facing the substrate (42), and a friction layer (421) is provided on the side wall of the substrate (42) facing the substrate (41); the sliding component slides under the action of an external force and drives the substrate (42) to move up and down, so that the friction layer (421) alternately contacts the friction units on the two substrates (41) and slides relative to each other to achieve friction charging.

2. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The friction unit comprises a friction layer 2 (411) and a conductive sheet (412), wherein the conductive sheet (412) is bonded to the substrate 1 (41), the friction layer 2 (411) is bonded to the outer side of the conductive sheet (412) and faces the friction layer 1 (421), and there is a difference in electronegativity between the friction layer 1 (421) and the friction layer 2 (411).

3. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The friction electrification device also includes a driving mechanism connected to the sliding component, and the driving mechanism is used to convert external energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding component to perform linear reciprocating motion.

4. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is an oscillating float, which is used to capture wave energy and convert the captured wave energy into mechanical energy that drives the sliding assembly to perform linear reciprocating motion; Alternatively, the driving mechanism is an energy conversion device (300) with a bluff body (301), which utilizes the bluff body (301) to capture external fluid energy and converts the captured fluid energy into mechanical energy for driving the sliding component to perform linear reciprocating motion through flow-induced vibration technology.

5. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the substrate one (41) is multiple, the number of the substrate two (42) is multiple, the multiple substrates one (41) and the multiple substrates two (42) are equally spaced and alternately arranged along the horizontal direction of the shell (11), and the distance between two adjacent substrates one (41) is equal to the distance between two adjacent substrates two (42).

6. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly comprises a sliding plate (31) and at least two limiting members, the two limiting members are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sliding plate (31); the base plate 2 (42) is detachably mounted on the sliding plate (31); the limiting member comprises a guide rail 1 (32) and a pair of limiting blocks (33), the guide rail 1 (32) is mounted on the inner wall of the shell (11) along the vertical direction, and the pair of limiting blocks (33) are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the guide rail 1 (32); a slider 1 (34) matched with the guide rail 1 (32) is mounted on the sliding plate (31), and the sliding assembly is realized to perform linear reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the shell (11) by the slider 1 (34) sliding on the guide rail 1 (32) and cooperating with the limiting of the two limiting blocks (33).

7. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding plate (31) comprises a mounting plate (311) and two connecting plates (312), wherein the two connecting plates (312) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the mounting plate (311), and the sliding block (34) is fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the connecting plate (312); a plurality of base plates (42) are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction of the mounting plate (311).

8. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The driven component comprises a second mounting plate (21), a second slider (22) and a second guide rail (23); the second guide rail (23) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall at the top of the housing (11) in the horizontal direction; a second slider (22) is provided on the side of the second mounting plate (21) facing the second guide rail (23); the second slider (22) is slidably mounted in the second guide rail (23); and the first base plate (41) is detachably mounted on the side of the second mounting plate (21) away from the second slider (22).

9. The triboelectric device based on material interface self-regulation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The friction layer 1 (421) is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film layer, the friction layer 2 (411) is a nylon film layer, and the conductive sheet (412) is a copper electrode sheet; And / or, the substrate one (41) and the substrate two (42) are both insulating substrates.

10. A method for enhancing electrification performance, characterized in that: It adopts a friction electrification device based on material interface self-regulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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