A method and device for multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming of a cake-shaped part

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of pie-shaped parts multidirectional loading rotary extrusion forming method and device, forming device includes wedge, split die, base and die from top to bottom, the bottom of base is equipped with conical roller, for blank is rolled and is pressed.The application uses roller local forming instead of traditional integral forming, the controllability of material flow is stronger, makes material deformation more uniform, and mechanical property consistency is better, while it avoids the generation of folding and other defects to a large extent;Combined with the opening action of split die, the "radial spread deformation" of material is realized, so that the diameter of pie-shaped parts is expanded, by controlling the opening and downward distance of split die and the size of roller, the forming of pie-shaped parts with various steps / stepless can be realized.The application breaks through the limitation that small forming equipment can only form small size parts, compared with traditional integral forming, the forming force is smaller, and the forming quality is higher.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plastic processing of light alloy materials, and particularly relates to a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method and device for pie-shaped parts. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pie-shaped parts are important structural components and are widely used in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and mechanical manufacturing. Common pie-shaped parts include a pie-shaped part as shown in FIG. 1, a pie-shaped part as shown in FIG. 2, and a pie-shaped part as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 4, the traditional pie-shaped part manufacturing process mainly includes casting forming and forging forming.

[0003] 1. Casting process

[0004] The casting forming process can realize one-time forming of complex features of pie-shaped parts, has high material utilization rate (up to more than 80%), and high forming efficiency. However, the inherent metallurgical defects such as segregation, shrinkage, and porosity, and the mechanical performance deficiency caused by grain coarsening seriously limit its application in high-performance scenarios. Therefore, for pie-shaped parts that need to serve in complex environments, plastic forming processes are still needed to ensure the reliability of the mechanical properties.

[0005] 2. Forging process

[0006] The forging method is divided into free forging and extrusion forming:

[0007] Free forging is a commonly used forming method for pie-shaped parts. This process has low investment cost, high freedom in operation, and can optimize the internal organization of the material and improve the mechanical properties through continuous deformation. However, this process is limited by the complex shape of the component and cannot directly form parts with features such as holes and bosses. The forming precision is poor, the material utilization rate is extremely low, and the mechanical properties of the parts are significantly anisotropic due to the lack of uniformity of deformation. In addition, the product quality depends on manual experience, and the quality fluctuates greatly between batches, making it difficult to ensure the consistency and stability of the product.

[0008] The extrusion forming process has unique advantages in manufacturing pie-shaped parts. Under the constraint of the die, the material can flow controllably, the forming precision is high, the material utilization rate is optimal, the grains can be fully refined, and the performance strengthening advantage is significant. However, the existing extrusion forming process relies heavily on the die and equipment, and the production cycle is long for complex components that require multiple deformation processes. Due to the limitation of the rated load of the forming equipment, the size requirements for the components to be formed are strict. Different shapes and sizes of pie-shaped parts require different dies, the interchangeability of the dies is poor, and the investment cost is high. In addition, there are differences in material strain between the center and the edge during the extrusion forming of pie-shaped parts, resulting in performance anisotropy and inconsistent product quality. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method and device for pancake-shaped parts, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and improve the forming accuracy, material utilization and mechanical property consistency of pancake-shaped parts.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is: a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pie-shaped parts, the forming device used in the forming method includes a wedge, a split mold, a base and a female mold from top to bottom; the wedge is fixed on the wedge driving mechanism and is driven by the wedge driving mechanism to move up and down; a split mold and a base form a group, and the two groups of split molds and the base are symmetrically distributed; the split mold is driven by the upper mold driving mechanism to move up and down and left and right; a conical cavity is formed inside the two split molds, and the shape of the wedge is adapted to the conical cavity, and when the wedge moves downward, the split mold is forced to open; the base is detachably fixed to the bottom of the split mold, and a conical roller is convexly provided on the bottom of the base, and the axis of the conical roller extends horizontally for rolling the blank; the female mold is used to place the blank, which is fixed on the rotating mechanism and driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate;

[0011] The forming method comprises the following steps:

[0012] First, the blank is fixed in the die, and then the equipment is started to rotate and extrude the blank multiple times;

[0013] First transformation:

[0014] The upper die drive mechanism drives the split die downward, causing the tapered roller to squeeze into the blank. At the same time, the rotating mechanism drives the die and the blank to rotate. Then, the wedge drive mechanism drives the wedge downward, forcing the two split dies to open radially. The tapered roller moves radially from the starting position toward the edge of the blank until it reaches the edge of the blank. This completes the first multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion movement, reducing the thickness of the blank and expanding its diameter.

[0015] Second transformation:

[0016] After the first deformation is completed, the wedge drive mechanism drives the wedge upward, and the upper die drive mechanism pushes the two split dies to merge, so that the tapered roller returns to the first designated position; then, the split die moves downward, so that the tapered roller is squeezed into the blank again, the wedge moves downward, and the two split dies open until the tapered roller moves to the second designated position again, then the second deformation is completed, the blank thickness continues to be thinned, and the blank diameter expands for the second time, and the process is repeated until the blank is formed into a pie-shaped part.

[0017] Further, when the preform is prepared, a plurality of bosses are processed at the bottom of the preform, and a plurality of recesses are processed at the bottom of the concave mold cavity, which are matched with the bosses of the preform, when the preform is placed in the concave mold, the bosses of the preform fall into the recesses of the concave mold, so that the concave mold drives the preform to rotate synchronously when the concave mold rotates.

[0018] Further, the split mold and the base are fixedly connected through a wedge structure, and the specific connection is as follows: the bottom of the split mold is provided with a wedge dovetail groove, the width of the wedge dovetail groove gradually increases from inside to outside and gradually decreases from top to bottom, and correspondingly, the top of the base is provided with a wedge dovetail sliding table, the width of the wedge dovetail sliding table also gradually increases from inside to outside and gradually decreases from top to bottom, when the mold is assembled, the narrower end of the wedge dovetail sliding table on the base is aligned with the wider end of the wedge dovetail groove on the split mold and is slid radially into the wedge dovetail groove, so that the assembly is realized.

[0019] Further, the connecting structure between the base and the conical roller is as follows: the bottom of the base is provided with a deep groove for accommodating the conical roller, installation holes are formed on both sides of the deep groove, and the conical roller is rotatably arranged on the base through a core shaft; the core shaft is provided with a hanging table at one end and a clamping groove at the other end, when the conical roller is installed, the end of the core shaft with the clamping groove is inserted through the shaft hole of the conical roller and the installation hole of the base, so that the hanging table is clamped outside the base, and then a clamp is clamped into the clamping groove of the core shaft to fix the core shaft.

[0020] Further, a copper sleeve is installed between the conical roller and the core shaft to reduce friction and wear between the two and prevent the conical roller from being stuck.

[0021] Further, before forming, the base and the conical roller are heated and then installed on the split mold.

[0022] Further, when the second deformation is performed, the conical roller returns to the starting position and then moves from the starting position to the edge of the blank, so that a pie-shaped part without steps is formed.

[0023] Further, when the second deformation is performed, the conical roller returns to the first specified position outside the starting position and then moves from the first specified position to the second specified position, so that a pie-shaped part with steps is formed.

[0024] Further, the cavity of the concave mold is cylindrical to meet the forming requirements of the pie-shaped part.

[0025] The inner side of the lower part of the split mold is a plane, and the outer side is a circular arc; the inner side of the base is a plane, and the outer side is a circular arc; after the mold is closed, the outer diameter of the base is smaller than the inner diameter of the concave mold cavity.

[0026] The present invention also provides a multi-directional loaded rotary extrusion forming device for pie-shaped parts, which is used to realize the above-mentioned multi-directional loaded rotary extrusion forming method for pie-shaped parts. The forming device includes a wedge block, a flap mold, a base and a die from top to bottom; the wedge block is fixed on the wedge block driving mechanism and is driven by the wedge block driving mechanism to move up and down; a flap mold and a base are a group, and the two groups of flap molds and the base are symmetrically distributed; the flap mold is driven by the upper mold driving mechanism to move up and down and open and close left and right; a conical cavity is formed inside the two flap molds, and the shape of the wedge block is adapted to the conical cavity, and when the wedge block descends, the flap mold is forced to open; the base is detachably fixed to the bottom of the flap mold, and a conical roller is convexly provided on the bottom of the base, and the axis of the conical roller extends horizontally for rolling the blank; the die is fixed on the rotating mechanism and is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate.

[0027] After adopting the above solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The multi-directional loading-rotational extrusion forming method proposed in the present invention has the following advantages over the traditional process:

[0029] (1) The present invention is a local continuous plastic deformation process. The forming load when manufacturing pancake-shaped parts is small. Compared with the traditional integral forming process, the forming force can be reduced by more than 90%, so that large-sized components can be formed using smaller equipment, breaking through the limitation of traditional equipment on part size;

[0030] (2) Compared with the traditional process for manufacturing pancake-shaped parts, which results in inconsistent strain between the core and the edge, resulting in large performance differences, the present invention uses tapered roller local forming instead of traditional integral forming, so that the deformation of the edge and the core of the part is basically consistent, the strain uniformity is significantly improved, and the anisotropy of mechanical properties is weak;

[0031] (3) The traditional process of forming different types of pie-shaped parts requires the design of different molds, which has poor mold interchangeability, high investment costs, and long production cycles. However, the method proposed in the present invention can form different types of pie-shaped parts using the same tapered roller. The forming process can be controlled by adjusting the opening and downward distance of the split mold. The operation is simple and the mold cost investment is low.

[0032] (4) The base and the split die of the present invention are designed to be connected in a manner that is easy to disassemble and assemble. When forming materials with high temperature sensitivity, such as magnesium alloy, the base and its tapered roller part can be heated separately, making disassembly and assembly convenient. It is not only suitable for cold forming, but also for hot forming.

[0033] (5) Compared with traditional integral forming, the present invention uses conical rollers for local forming, which has better controllability of material flow, lower risk of folding during the forming process, and higher material utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the pie-shaped parts structure;

[0035] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the core shaft and clamp structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is the flow law of the material during the multi-directional loading rotary extrusion process of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a method for fixing a split mold and a base according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the blank (reverse side) and die (front side) according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming process of a stepless pancake-shaped part in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is the multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming process of the stepped pie-shaped part in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Description of labels:

[0046] 1. Wedge; 2. Split mold; 21. Tapered cavity; 22. Dovetail groove;

[0047] 3. Base; 31. Dovetail slide; 32. Deep groove; 33. Mounting hole;

[0048] 4. Tapered roller; 41. Shaft hole;

[0049] 5. Concave die; 51. Groove;

[0050] 6. Mandrel; 61. Hanging platform; 62. Slot; 63. Clamp;

[0051] 7. Copper sleeve; 8. Blank; 81. Boss; 9. Ejector cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] The present invention provides a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming device for pancake-shaped parts, such as Figures 1 to 11 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes a wedge block 1, two split molds 2, two bases 3, and a die 5. The wedge block 1 is fixedly mounted on the wedge block drive mechanism, and the ejection cylinder 9 can drive the wedge block 1 to move up and down. The two split molds 2 are symmetrically arranged, and the two bases 3 are also symmetrically arranged. The bottom of the base 3 is provided with a conical roller 4. A split mold 2 and a base 3 constitute a set. The split mold 2 is driven by the upper mold drive mechanism to move up and down and open and close left and right. The die 5 is fixed to the rotating mechanism and is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate.

[0055] The device driving the multi-directionally loaded rotary extrusion forming apparatus for pancake-shaped parts of the present invention is a rotary extrusion device. This rotary extrusion device utilizes a multi-directionally loaded rotary extruder independently developed and designed by North University of China. Patent names and application numbers include: Multi-motion Compression-Torsion Combined Loading Extrusion Device / CN202011054361.6, and Movable Rotary Drive Device and Multi-motion Compression-Torsion Combined Loading Extrusion Device / CN202011059101.8. Interfaces are designed on the top of the split die 2 and the bottom of the die 5. These interfaces allow direct fastening to the rotary extruder slider and rotary table using keys and bolts. This is a common design feature of the die and, therefore, will not be further described in detail herein.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the wedge 1 is mounted on the rotary extruder's ejector cylinder 9, which drives the wedge 1 up and down. The split die 2 is connected to the rotary extruder's slider rails. Hydraulic cylinders are installed at both ends of the slider to enable the split die 2 to open and close freely. The split die 2 is also machined with a tapered cavity 21 inside. The shape of the wedge 1 is adapted to the tapered cavity 21. When the wedge 1 descends, it forces the split die 2 to open, generating a greater radial load.

[0057] like Figure 2 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the base 3 is fixed to the bottom of the flap mold 2 by a wedge-shaped structure. Specifically: a wedge-shaped dovetail groove 22 is provided at the bottom of the flap mold 2, and the width of the dovetail groove 22 gradually increases from the inside to the outside, and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. Correspondingly, a wedge-shaped dovetail slide 31 is provided at the top of the base 3, and the width of the wedge-shaped dovetail slide 31 also gradually increases from the inside to the outside, and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. When assembling the mold, the narrower end of the dovetail slide 31 on the base 3 is aligned with the wider end of the dovetail groove 22 on the flap mold 2 and slides radially to achieve assembly. The assembled base 3 will not detach from the flap mold 2 vertically. In addition, as Figure 8 As shown, during the movement of the split mold 2, material deformation provides resistance to the opening movement of the base 3. However, due to the fixing method of the wedge-shaped dovetail structure, the split mold 2 and the base 3 will not slip, thus ensuring the reliability of this connection method. This wedge-shaped dovetail structure facilitates the installation and removal of the base 3, making it possible to heat the mold, which is suitable for thermoforming. During forming, the base 3 and its tapered roller 4 can be heated separately before installation. The heated tapered roller 4 is used for rotary extrusion, which can reduce heat loss and improve forming stability.

[0058] The tapered roller 4 is the key structure for the deformation of the blank. Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the conical roller 4 is convexly arranged at the bottom of the base 3, and its axis extends horizontally, and is used to roll the blank. The connection structure between the base 3 and the conical roller 4 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the base 3 has a deep groove 32 at the bottom for accommodating the tapered roller 4. Mounting holes 33 are provided on either side of the deep groove 32. A core shaft 6 is used to rotatably mount the tapered roller 4 on the base 3. One end of the core shaft 6 has a mounting bracket 61, and the other end has a retaining groove 62. When installing the tapered roller 4, the end of the core shaft 6 with the retaining groove 62 passes through the axial hole 41 of the tapered roller 4 and the mounting hole 33 of the base 3, allowing the mounting bracket 61 to be clamped to the outside of the base 3. A clamp 63 then engages the retaining groove 62 of the core shaft 6, securing the core shaft 6 and preventing it from slipping during movement. Furthermore, a copper sleeve 7 is installed between the tapered roller 4 and the core shaft 6. This sleeve reduces friction and wear between the two and prevents the tapered roller 4 from becoming stuck. During the forming process, after the conical roller 4 is pressed down, combined with the opening action of the split die 2, the "radial spreading deformation" of the material is realized, so that the diameter of the pie-shaped part is expanded; the rotary extruder can control the downward and opening distance of the split die 2, or change the thickness and angle of the roller to realize the forming of steps of different heights and different types.

[0059] Figure 6The diagram shows the material flow during multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion. Driven by a slider, two tapered rollers 4 first squeeze the material. The die 5 then rotates the blank 8. The split die 2 then opens, and the tapered rollers 4 begin to move radially along the blank. The metal flows radially under the action of the tapered rollers 4. Repeating this action thins the blank 8, effectively forming a partially extruded, pancake-shaped part.

[0060] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cavity of the die 5 is cylindrical to meet the requirements of forming pie-shaped parts. The inner side of the lower portion of the split mold 2 is flat to facilitate the mating of the two split molds 2, and the outer side is arc-shaped. Similarly, the inner side of the base 3 is flat, and the outer side is arc-shaped. After the molds are closed, the outer diameter of the base 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity of the die 5. This ensures that if the base 3 descends deeper into the die 5, it will not interfere with the rotation of the die 5.

[0061] like Figure 9 As shown, during the prefabrication of the blank 8, multiple bosses 81 are machined or extruded on the bottom of the blank 8. The bottom of the die 5 is machined with grooves 51 of comparable size to the bosses 81 of the blank 8. During multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion, the bosses 81 of the blank 8 fall into the grooves 51 of the die 5. This allows the blank 8 to rotate synchronously with the die 5. Therefore, the bosses 81 on the bottom of the blank 8 also act as keys to transmit torque.

[0062] The present invention also provides a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for a step-free pancake-shaped part, comprising the following steps (refer to Figure 10 ):

[0063] Preparation before forming: first fix the blank 8 in the die 5 so that the boss 81 of the blank 8 falls into the groove 51 of the die 5; the base 3 and its tapered roller 4 can also be partially disassembled and heated separately, and then installed on the split die 2, and the heated tapered roller 4 is used for rotational extrusion.

[0064] First transformation:

[0065] The slider drives the split die 2 downward, so that the tapered roller 4 squeezes into the blank 8. At the same time, the rotary table drives the die 5 and the blank 8 to rotate. Then, the ejector cylinder 9 drives the wedge 1 downward, forcing the two split dies 2 to open radially. The tapered roller 4 moves from the starting position (such as Figure 10 (As described in point a) above, the tapered roller 4 moves radially toward the edge of the blank 8 until it reaches the edge, completing the first multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion motion. The outer diameter of the tapered roller 4 gradually decreases from the core of the blank 8 toward the edge. This tapered roller 4 extrusion, combined with the opening of the split die 2, achieves "radial spreading deformation" of the material, reducing the thickness of the blank 8 while expanding its diameter according to the principle of constant volume.

[0066] Second transformation:

[0067] After the first deformation is completed, the ejection cylinder 9 drives the wedge 1 upward, and the left and right hydraulic cylinders push the two split dies 2 to merge, returning the tapered roller 4 to the starting position a. Then, the slider drives the split die 2 downward, forcing the tapered roller 4 into the blank 8 again. The ejection cylinder 9 then drives the wedge 1 downward, opening the two split dies 2 until the tapered roller 4 moves to the edge of the blank 8 again, completing the second multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion movement. The thickness of the blank 8 continues to decrease, and the diameter of the blank 8 expands a second time. Repeating this process for N deformations, the blank 8 can be formed into a pie-shaped part.

[0068] The rotary extruder can control the downward movement and opening distance of the split die 2, or change the thickness and angle of the roller to achieve the forming of steps of different heights and types.

[0069] Example 2:

[0070] This embodiment provides a multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming process for a stepped pancake-shaped part (refer to Figure 11 ):

[0071] The forming method is basically the same as the stepless forming method in Example 1, except for the second deformation process, which is as follows:

[0072] After the first deformation is completed, the ejection cylinder 9 drives the wedge 1 upward, and the left and right hydraulic cylinders push the two split molds 2 to merge, so that the tapered roller 4 returns to the first designated position outside the starting position (such as Figure 11 The slider then drives the split die 2 downward, forcing the tapered roller 4 into the blank 8 again. The ejector cylinder 9 then drives the wedge 1 downward, opening the two split dies 2 until the tapered roller 4 moves from the first designated position to the edge of the blank 8, completing the second multi-directional loaded rotary extrusion motion. This process is repeated, performing N deformations, to transform the blank 8 into a pie-shaped part. The rotary extruder can control the downward and opening distance of the split die 2, or change the roller thickness and angle, to achieve the formation of steps of varying heights and types.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the schematic diagram in the figure is only one of the better examples of the stepped pie-shaped parts that can be realized by the present invention, and is not limited to this example.

[0074] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides accompanying drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, a person of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components. At the same time, the front, back, left, right and other directions involved in this embodiment are only used as a reference for a direction and do not represent the directions in actual use. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the design of this case. Any equivalent changes made based on the key design of this case shall fall within the scope of protection of this case.

Claims

1. A method for multi-directional loading rotary extrusion of pancake-shaped parts, characterized by: The forming device used in the forming method includes a wedge block, a flap mold, a base and a die from top to bottom; the wedge block is fixed on the wedge block driving mechanism and is driven by the wedge block driving mechanism to move up and down; a flap mold and a base form a group, and the two groups of flap molds and the base are symmetrically distributed; the flap mold is driven by the upper mold driving mechanism to move up and down and left and right; a conical cavity is formed inside the two flap molds, and the shape of the wedge block is adapted to the conical cavity, and when the wedge block descends, the flap mold is forced to open; the base is detachably fixed to the bottom of the flap mold, and a conical roller is convexly provided on the bottom of the base, and the conical roller is rotatably set on the base by a core shaft, and the axis of the conical roller extends horizontally for rolling the blank; the die is used to place the blank, which is fixed on the rotating mechanism and driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate; The forming method comprises the following steps: First, the blank is fixed in the die, and then the equipment is started to rotate and extrude the blank multiple times; First transformation: The upper die drive mechanism drives the split die downward, causing the tapered roller to squeeze into the blank. At the same time, the rotating mechanism drives the die and the blank to rotate. Then, the wedge drive mechanism drives the wedge downward, forcing the two split dies to open radially, generating a greater radial load. The tapered roller moves radially from the starting position toward the edge of the blank until it reaches the edge of the blank, completing the first multi-directional loading and rotary extrusion movement. The blank thickness is reduced and the diameter is expanded. Second transformation: After the first deformation is completed, the wedge drive mechanism drives the wedge upward, and the upper die drive mechanism pushes the two split dies to merge, so that the tapered roller returns to the first designated position; then, the split die descends, so that the tapered roller squeezes into the blank again, the wedge descends, and the two split dies open until the tapered roller moves to the second designated position again, completing the second deformation. The blank thickness continues to decrease, and the blank diameter expands for the second time. This process is repeated until the blank is formed into a pie-shaped part. The outer diameter of the tapered roller gradually decreases from the core of the blank to the edge, and the cross section of the tapered roller is an isosceles trapezoid; The split mold and the base are fixedly connected by a wedge-shaped structure, specifically as follows: a wedge-shaped dovetail groove is provided at the bottom of the split mold, the width of which gradually increases from the inside to the outside and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. Correspondingly, a wedge-shaped dovetail slide is provided at the top of the base, the width of which also gradually increases from the inside to the outside and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom.

2. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: When prefabricating the blank, several bosses are machined at the bottom of the blank, and the bottom of the cavity of the concave model is machined with grooves that match the blank bosses. When the blank is placed in the die, its bosses fall into the grooves of the die. In this way, the blank is driven to rotate synchronously when the die rotates.

3. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection structure between the base and the tapered roller is as follows: a deep groove for accommodating the tapered roller is provided at the bottom of the base, and mounting holes are opened on both sides of the deep groove; a hanging platform is provided at one end of the core shaft, and a clamping groove is provided at the other end. When installing the tapered roller, the end of the core shaft with the clamping groove passes through the axial hole of the tapered roller and the mounting hole of the base, so that the hanging platform is clamped to the outside of the base, and then a clamp is used to clamp into the clamping groove of the core shaft to fix the core shaft.

4. A multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: A copper sleeve is installed between the tapered roller and the core shaft to reduce friction and wear between the two and prevent the tapered roller from getting stuck.

5. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before forming, the base and tapered roller are heated and then installed on the split mold.

6. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the second deformation, the tapered roller returns to the starting position and then moves from the starting position to the edge of the blank to form a pie-shaped part without steps.

7. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the second deformation, the tapered roller returns to the first designated position outside the starting position and moves from the first designated position to the second designated position, thereby forming a pie-shaped part with steps.

8. The multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity of the female mold is cylindrical to meet the forming requirements of pie-shaped parts; the inner side surface of the lower part of the split mold is flat, and the outer side surface is arc-shaped; the inner side edge of the base is flat, and the outer side surface is arc-shaped; after the mold is closed, the outer diameter of the base is smaller than the inner diameter of the female mold cavity.

9. A multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming device for pancake-shaped parts, used to implement the multi-directional loading rotary extrusion forming method for pancake-shaped parts according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The forming device includes a wedge, a split die, a base and a concave die from top to bottom; The wedge is fixed on the wedge drive mechanism and is driven by the wedge drive mechanism to move up and down; A split die and a base form a group, and the two groups of split dies and the base are symmetrically distributed; the split die is driven by the upper die driving mechanism to move up and down and left and right; a conical cavity is formed inside the two split dies, and the shape of the wedge block is adapted to the conical cavity. When the wedge block moves downward, the split die is forced to open; the base is detachably fixed to the bottom of the split die, and a conical roller is protruding from the bottom of the base. The conical roller is rotatably set on the base using a core shaft, and the axis of the conical roller extends horizontally for rolling the blank; the female die is fixed to the rotating mechanism and is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate; The outer diameter of the tapered roller gradually decreases from the core of the blank to the edge, and the cross section of the tapered roller is an isosceles trapezoid; The split mold and the base are fixedly connected by a wedge-shaped structure, specifically as follows: a wedge-shaped dovetail groove is provided at the bottom of the split mold, the width of which gradually increases from the inside to the outside and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. Correspondingly, a wedge-shaped dovetail slide is provided at the top of the base, the width of which also gradually increases from the inside to the outside and gradually decreases from the top to the bottom.

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