Root limiting cultivation method for passion fruits

Abstract

The invention discloses a passion fruit root-limiting cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a cultivation medium; (2) filling a root-limiting container; (3) planting; by means of the cultivation mode, nutrients are concentrated and accurately matched, operation and management are convenient, and economic benefits are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of passion fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for root-restricted cultivation of passion fruit. Background Art

[0003] In the existing passion fruit planting methods, there are problems such as improper fertilizer treatment, large fertilizer application amount, high cost, poor fertility persistence, and unsatisfactory quality and yield. At the same time, excessive use of chemicals and pesticides is also made, resulting in chemical and pesticide residues in passion fruit, which poses a certain harm to the health of consumers.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of passion fruit cultivation method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for root-restricted cultivation of passion fruit. Through this cultivation method, nutrients are concentrated, precisely targeted, easy to operate, convenient to manage, and the economic benefits are effectively improved.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for root-restricted cultivation of passion fruit, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Prepare the cultivation substrate: Mix leaf mold, coconut coir, and perlite in a mass ratio of 6-8:2-3:3-4, then add a Chinese medicine extract accounting for 3-5% of the mass of the mixture to the mixture, stir well and ferment. Mix the fermented fertilizer obtained after fermentation evenly with loam to obtain the cultivation substrate;

[0009] (2) Fill the root-restricted container: Select a container with a diameter of 40-80 cm and a depth of 40-60 cm as the root-restricted container, set drainage holes at the bottom of the root-restricted container, and ventilation holes on the side wall; then fill the cultivation substrate prepared in step (1) into the root-restricted container;

[0010] (3) Planting: Plant passion fruit tree seedlings in the root-restricted container, ensure that the roots are evenly distributed, cover the substrate and compact it, and pour root-fixing water after planting; the application amount of the root-fixing water is 2-5 L per fruit tree;

[0011] (4) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, wait for the roots to grow and new buds to emerge, and drip water-soluble fertilizer every 20-30 days; during the cultivation process, maintain the water content of the cultivation substrate at 60-75%. The application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is 8-10 g per plant for the first application, and 4-7 g is increased on the basis of the previous application for each subsequent application.

[0012] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine extract in step (1) is obtained by separately performing alcohol extraction on sophora flavescens and mugwort leaves, and then mixing the obtained extracts according to the mass ratio of sophora flavescens extract to mugwort leaf extract of 2:1, thus obtaining the traditional Chinese medicine extract.

[0013] Further, the fermentation in step (1) is to activate bacillus subtilis and then inoculate it into a fermentation medium for fermentation. The obtained fermentation broth is uniformly mixed with the mixture added with the traditional Chinese medicine extract according to the dosage of 5-10%, and then piled up at 28-30°C for 20-30 hours, thus obtaining the fermented fertilizer.

[0014] Further, the loam soil in step (1) is sandy loam soil that has not been planted with passion fruit, and the mass ratio of the loam soil to the fermented fertilizer is 1:1-2.

[0015] Further, the root-fixing water in step (3) is obtained by mixing urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide, glycerol and water according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:0.3:0.1:1:100-120.

[0016] Further, the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer in step (4) includes the following steps: it is obtained by the following method: mixing ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, chelated iron and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio of 10-15:5-10:10-15:3-8:1-2:0.5:1, putting it into a reaction kettle, adding 50-80 times the mass of the mixture of water, stirring until completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5.5-6.5, thus obtaining the water-soluble fertilizer.

[0017] The cultivation method of the present application also includes operations such as building a trellis and pruning. Among them, the trellis is built by using bamboo poles, processed tail wood of wood, cement poles, steel pipes, etc., buried in the soil to build a wire trellis with a specification of 3*3m, a height of 2.0m, and a cross-shaped top wire at the top, which is conducive to climbing. Pruning includes regularly pruning fruit tree branches according to the requirements of different growth periods to promote ventilation and light transmission, regulate nutrient distribution, reduce unnecessary nutrients, and improve fruit yield and quality. During the cultivation process, methods such as black lights, yellow boards, and traps are used to trap and kill pests.

[0018] Among them, the bacillus subtilis used in the present application is purchased commercially. The bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 strain is selected.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] 1. The present invention first proposes to cultivate passion fruits by root-restricted cultivation, which has many advantages, including: firstly, it can cultivate passion fruits in areas with limited space (such as urban balconies, rooftops, etc.), no longer relying on large areas of soil for planting; secondly, it can optimize water and fertilizer management, making nutrients more concentrated and improving resource utilization efficiency. However, during the process of root-restricted cultivation of passion fruits, the applicant found that root-restricted cultivated passion fruits are more susceptible to stem base rot than conventionally planted passion fruits. Considering that it may be due to the weaker stress resistance of root-restricted cultivated plants, based on this, the applicant further optimized the cultivation method. Firstly, openings are provided at the bottom and sides of the root-restricted container to avoid waterlogging of the roots. Then, a cultivation substrate is made of components with good air permeability. In the preparation of the cultivation substrate, a traditional Chinese medicine extract is added. The traditional Chinese medicine extract is specifically composed of sophora flavescens extract and artemisia argyi extract. The combination of the two can inhibit the growth of fungi in the cultivation substrate and prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, further preventing the occurrence of stem base rot. Then, bacillus subtilis is used to improve the soil quality and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. It is added after mixing with other components and fermented under certain conditions. By producing antibiotics and competing for nutrients, it inhibits harmful microorganisms in the soil. In addition, it can also secrete plant growth hormones, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, promote root growth, and enable better absorption of nutrients for the development of the plant body. Each component of the present application coordinates with each other, and the prepared cultivation substrate can be used for root-restricted cultivation of passion fruits, ensuring the yield and quality of passion fruits and improving economic benefits.

[0021] 2. The root-restricted cultivation of passion fruits of the present invention also includes watering the fixed-root water after planting the plants. Through the fixed-root water, it helps the plant roots to closely combine with the soil, promotes root recovery and growth, and improves the planting survival rate. Urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide and glycerol are added to the fixed-root water. In addition to providing water, specific components are added to provide additional potassium, calcium and other nutrient elements for the plants, promoting plant rooting, improving the transplanting survival rate and enhancing stress resistance. By watering with the fixed-root water of the present application, the nutrients can also be slowly released, enabling the fertilizer effect to be evenly absorbed by the roots for a long time, eliminating the need for frequent topdressing in the later stage; during the water and fertilizer management process, water-soluble fertilizer is applied. Through precise application, the nutrient utilization rate is high, the application is convenient, and it can effectively promote the growth of passion fruits. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The following examples can help those skilled in the art to more comprehensively understand the present invention, but cannot limit the present invention in any way.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] This example provides a method for root-restricted cultivation of passion fruits, and the method includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Mix leaf mold, coconut coir, and perlite in a mass ratio of 6:2:3. Then, add Chinese herbal medicine extract accounting for 3% of the mass of the mixture to the mixture, stir well, and ferment. Uniformly mix the fermented fertilizer obtained after fermentation with sandy loam soil that has not been planted with passion fruit. The mass ratio of the sandy loam soil to the fermented fertilizer is 1:1 to obtain the cultivation substrate. Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is obtained by separately performing alcohol extraction on sophora flavescens and mugwort leaves, and then mixing the obtained extraction liquids in a mass ratio of 2:1 of the sophora flavescens extraction liquid to the mugwort leaf extraction liquid. The above fermentation is to activate bacillus subtilis and then inoculate it into a fermentation medium for fermentation. The obtained fermentation broth is uniformly mixed with the mixture added with Chinese herbal medicine extract in an amount of 5 - 10%, and then piled up at 28°C for 30 hours to obtain the fermented fertilizer;

[0026] (2) Filling the root - limiting container: Select a container with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 40 cm as the root - limiting container. Set drainage holes at the bottom of the root - limiting container and ventilation holes on the side walls. Then, fill the cultivation substrate prepared in step (1) into the root - limiting container;

[0027] (3) Planting: Plant passion fruit tree seedlings in the root - limiting container, ensure that the roots are evenly distributed, cover the substrate and compact it. After planting, pour the root - fixing water. In addition, use bamboo poles, processed tail wood from wood, cement poles, steel pipes, etc., bury them in the soil to build an iron wire trellis with a specification of 3 * 3 m, a height of 2.0 m, and a cross - shaped top at the top for climbing. The root - fixing water is obtained by mixing urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide, glycerol, and water in a mass ratio of 2:1:0.3:0.1:1:100;

[0028] (4) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, wait for the roots to grow and new buds to emerge, and drip water - soluble fertilizer every 20 days. During the cultivation process, maintain the water content of the cultivation substrate at 60%. The preparation method of the water - soluble fertilizer includes the following steps: It is obtained by the following method: Mix ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, chelated iron, and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 10:5:10:3:1:0.5:1, put them into a reaction kettle, add 50 times the mass of water of the mixture, stir until completely dissolved, and then adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.5 to obtain the water - soluble fertilizer.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This example provides a method for root - limiting cultivation of passion fruit, and this method includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Mix leaf mold, coconut coir, and perlite in a mass ratio of 7:3:3. Then, add Chinese herbal medicine extract accounting for 4% of the mass of the mixture to the mixture, stir well, and ferment. Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer obtained after fermentation with sandy loam soil that has not been planted with passion fruit. The mass ratio of the sandy loam soil to the fermented fertilizer is 1:1 to obtain the cultivation substrate. Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is obtained by separately performing alcohol extraction on sophora flavescens and mugwort leaves, and then mixing the obtained extraction liquids in a mass ratio of 2:1 of the sophora flavescens extraction liquid to the mugwort leaf extraction liquid. The above fermentation is to activate bacillus subtilis and then inoculate it into a fermentation medium for fermentation. The obtained fermentation broth is evenly mixed with the mixture added with Chinese herbal medicine extract according to a dosage of 7%, and then piled up at 29°C for 25 hours to obtain the fermented fertilizer.

[0032] (2) Filling the root-limiting container: Select a container with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 50 cm as the root-limiting container, set drainage holes at the bottom of the root-limiting container, and ventilation holes on the side walls. Then, fill the cultivation substrate prepared in step (1) into the root-limiting container.

[0033] (3) Planting: Plant passion fruit tree seedlings in the root-limiting container, ensure that the roots are evenly distributed, cover the substrate and compact it, and pour root-fixing water after planting. In addition, use bamboo poles, processed tail wood of wood, cement poles, steel pipes, etc., bury them in the soil to build an iron wire trellis with a specification of 3*3m, a height of 2.0m, and a cross-shaped top at the top to facilitate climbing. The root-fixing water is obtained by mixing urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide, glycerol, and water in a mass ratio of 2:2:0.3:0.1:1:110.

[0034] (4) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, wait for the roots to sprout new buds, and drip water-soluble fertilizer every 25 days. During the cultivation process, maintain the water content of the cultivation substrate at 68%. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer includes the following steps: It is obtained by the following method: Mix ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, chelated iron, and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 12:7:12:6:2:0.5:1, put them into a reaction kettle, add 70 times the mass of water of the mixture, stir until completely dissolved, and then adjust the pH value of the solution to 6.0 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] This example provides a method for root-limiting cultivation of passion fruit, which includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Mix leaf mold, coconut coir, and perlite in a mass ratio of 8:3:4. Then add Chinese herbal medicine extract accounting for 5% of the mass of the mixture to the mixture, stir well and ferment. Uniformly mix the fermented fertilizer obtained after fermentation with sandy loam soil that has not been planted with passion fruit. The mass ratio of the sandy loam soil to the fermented fertilizer is 1:2 to obtain the cultivation substrate. Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine extract is obtained by separately performing alcohol extraction on sophora flavescens and artemisia argyi, and then mixing the obtained extracts in a mass ratio of 2:1 of sophora flavescens extract to artemisia argyi extract. The above fermentation is to activate bacillus subtilis and then inoculate it into a fermentation medium for fermentation. The obtained fermentation broth is uniformly mixed with the mixture added with Chinese herbal medicine extract according to a dosage of 5 - 10%, and then piled up at 30°C for 30 hours to obtain the fermented fertilizer;

[0038] (2) Filling the root-limiting container: Select a container with a diameter of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm as the root-limiting container, set drainage holes at the bottom of the root-limiting container, and ventilation holes on the side walls. Then fill the cultivation substrate prepared in step (1) into the root-limiting container;

[0039] (3) Planting: Plant passion fruit tree seedlings in the root-limiting container, ensure that the roots are evenly distributed, cover the substrate and compact it, and water the root-fixing water after planting. In addition, use bamboo poles, processed tail wood of wood, cement poles, steel pipes, etc., bury them in the soil to build an iron wire trellis with a specification of 3*3m, a height of 2.0m, and a cross-shaped top at the top for easy climbing. The root-fixing water is obtained by mixing urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide, glycerol, and water in a mass ratio of 3:2:0.3:0.1:1:120;

[0040] (4) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, wait for the roots to emerge and new shoots to grow, and drip water-soluble fertilizer every 30 days. During the cultivation process, maintain the water content of the cultivation substrate at 75%. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer includes the following steps: It is obtained by the following method: Mix ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, chelated iron, and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 15:10:15:8:2:0.5:1, put them into a reaction kettle, add 80 times the mass of water of the mixture, stir until completely dissolved, and then adjust the pH value of the solution to 6.5 to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.

[0041] Experimental example:

[0042] To illustrate the root-limiting cultivation effect of passion fruit in this application, the applicant conducted a cultivation experiment on passion fruit, selected the variety of yellow passion fruit, and mainly compared the planting effects of passion fruit by different cultivation methods. The grouping is as follows:

[0043] The first group: Cultivate passion fruit in the manner of Example 2 of this application;

[0044] Group 2: Use the cultivation substrate in step (1) as the base fertilizer, remove step (2), do not carry out root-limiting cultivation, and change to conventional field cultivation. Other methods are the same as those in Group 1;

[0045] Group 3: Remove the traditional Chinese medicine extract. Other methods are the same as those in Group 1;

[0046] Group 4: Change the traditional Chinese medicine extract to cnidium fruit extract and rhubarb extract. Other methods are the same as those in Group 1;

[0047] Group 5: Remove the glycerol in the root-fixing water. Other methods are the same as those in Group 1;

[0048] Group 6: Use the cultivation substrate in step (1) as the base fertilizer, remove step (2), do not carry out root-limiting cultivation, and change to conventional field cultivation. Other methods are the same as those in Group 3;

[0049] Group 7: Use ordinary water as the root-fixing water. Other methods are the same as those in Group 1;

[0050] Group 8: Change to drip-irrigate water-soluble fertilizer every 7 days. Other methods are the same as those in Group 5.

[0051] It should be noted that during the cultivation process of all the above groups, if the plants suffer from stem base rot, fungicides (such as metalaxyl and azoxystrobin) should be used to irrigate the roots in time to control the spread of the disease.

[0052] Compare the growth quality of passion fruits under the above different cultivation methods, including comparing the incidence rate of stem base rot of passion fruits, the number of fruits per single passion fruit plant, the quality of a single fruit, etc., and record the data as shown in Table 1:

[0053] Table 1 Growth quality of passion fruits under different cultivation methods

[0054]

[0055] According to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that by adopting the root-limiting cultivation method of the present application, the fruit trees of passion fruit have a large fruit yield and a large average weight of the fruits. The root-limiting cultivation can solve the problem of limited cultivation sites. In addition, it also solves the problem of a high incidence of stem base rot in root-limiting cultivation. In the second group, field cultivation is carried out, and the number of fruits and the quality of the fruits are both lower than those of the root-limiting cultivation method. Considering that the root-limiting cultivation method makes the nutrients more concentrated, improving the yield and quality of the fruits. In the third group, after removing the traditional Chinese medicine extract, the incidence of stem base rot increased sharply, indicating that the traditional Chinese medicine extract of the present application can effectively prevent and control stem base rot. However, not all traditional Chinese medicines with spectral sterilization can be effectively applied to the prevention and control of stem base rot in the present application. It can be seen from the fourth group that after changing the composition of the traditional Chinese medicine extract, the incidence of stem base rot has increased significantly. Considering that rhubarb and cnidium fruit may have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the present application, resulting in the inability of the strain and the traditional Chinese medicine extract to effectively cooperate to achieve the prevention and control of stem base rot; in the fifth group, after removing glycerol from the root-fixing water, there is an obvious decrease in the fruit yield per single fruit tree and the quality of a single fruit. Considering that glycerol can anchor the nutrients in the soil and achieve its slow release, so that the fertilizer effect is evenly transported to the inside of the plant for a long time. Further, through the eighth group, the applicant's conjecture was verified. Although glycerol was also removed in the eighth group, when the fertilization interval was shortened, the impact was not significant; in the seventh group, ordinary water was used as the root-fixing water, and its yield and quality were far inferior to those of the present application, indicating that the root-fixing water of the present application has outstanding effects; in the sixth group, field planting was adopted and the traditional Chinese medicine extract was not added at the same time. The incidence of stem base rot was lower than that in the third group, indicating that the high incidence of stem base rot in root-limiting cultivation is an objective and relatively difficult technical problem. The present application solves the problem through a series of treatments and has a very broad application prospect.

[0056] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiment of the present invention. However, the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the scope of the patent covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for root-limited cultivation of passion fruit, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Prepare the cultivation substrate: Mix leaf mold, coconut coir, and perlite in a mass ratio of 6 - 8:2 - 3:3 - 4. Then add a traditional Chinese medicine extract accounting for 3 - 5% of the mass of the mixture to the mixture, stir well and ferment. Uniformly mix the fermented fertilizer obtained after fermentation with loam to obtain the cultivation substrate; (2) Fill the root - limiting container: Select a container with a diameter of 40 - 80 cm and a depth of 40 - 60 cm as the root - limiting container. Set drainage holes at the bottom of the root - limiting container and ventilation holes on the side walls. Then fill the cultivation substrate prepared in step (1) into the root - limiting container; (3) Planting: Plant the seedlings of passion fruit trees in the root - limiting container, ensure that the roots are evenly distributed, cover the substrate and compact it, and water the root - fixing water after planting; (4) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, wait for the roots to grow and new buds to emerge, and drip - irrigate water - soluble fertilizer every 20 - 30 days. During the cultivation process, maintain the water content of the cultivation substrate at 60 - 75%; 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The traditional Chinese medicine extract in step (1) is obtained by separately performing alcohol extraction on sophora flavescens and artemisia argyi, and then mixing the obtained extraction liquids in a mass ratio of 2:1 of the sophora flavescens extraction liquid to the artemisia argyi extraction liquid to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine extract; 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The fermentation in step (1) is to activate bacillus subtilis and then inoculate it into the fermentation medium for fermentation. The obtained fermentation broth is uniformly mixed with the mixture added with the traditional Chinese medicine extract in an amount of 5 - 10%, and then piled up at 28 - 30 °C for 20 - 30 hours to obtain the fermented fertilizer; 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loam in step (1) is sandy loam that has not been planted with passion fruit, and the mass ratio of the loam to the fermented fertilizer is 1:1 - 2; 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The root - fixing water in step (3) is obtained by mixing urea, plant ash, humic acid, brassinolide, glycerol, and water in a mass ratio of 2 - 3:1 - 2:0.3:0.1:1:100 - 120; 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The preparation method of the water - soluble fertilizer in step (4) includes the following steps: It is obtained by the following method: Mix ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, chelated iron, and sodium alginate in a mass ratio of 10 - 15:5 - 10:10 - 15:3 - 8:1 - 2:0.5:1, put them into a reaction kettle, add water 50 - 80 times the mass of the mixture, stir until completely dissolved, and then adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.5 - 6.5 to obtain the water - soluble fertilizer.

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