A kind of ceramsite production equipment and production process

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramsite production equipment and a production process, which include a mounting frame, a screw conveyor mounted on the top of the mounting frame, a granulator disposed below the screw conveyor, a granulator disposed inside the granulator, a plurality of granulation grooves evenly arranged on the granulation plate, an extrusion roller disposed above the granulation plate, the extrusion roller and the granulation plate rotate relative to each other to extrude a mixed material on the granulation plate; a cutting knife assembly is disposed in a forming discharge bin, the cutting knife assembly is disposed below the granulation plate, and rotates relative to the granulation plate to cut and shape the material extruded from the bottom of the granulation plate; the extrusion roller of the invention rotates while revolving around the central axis of the granulation plate to form a composite motion, wherein the rotation enhances the plasticizing uniformity, and the revolution covers the entire surface of the granulation plate to ensure the uniform density of the particles; the variable pitch spiral groove and ball bearings are used inside the extrusion roller to generate high-frequency micro-vibration during rotation, effectively destroying the adhesion between the material and the roller surface and reducing the roller sticking phenomenon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building material production equipment, in particular to ceramsite production equipment and a production process. Background Art

[0002] Ceramic aggregate is a lightweight, porous artificial aggregate that is generally in the form of regular spherical particles. It is usually made of clay, shale, fly ash or industrial waste as the main raw materials, and is baked and expanded at high temperatures (1100-1300℃). It has a uniform honeycomb pore structure inside and a hard and dense surface. It has the characteristics of low density, high strength, thermal insulation, and corrosion resistance. It is an environmentally friendly building material. The density of ceramsite is only 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of that of ordinary concrete (usually 300-1000kg / m 3 ), significantly reducing structural loads, making it particularly suitable for high-rise buildings, long-span bridges, and soft-soil foundation projects, thereby reducing foundation costs. Overall, ceramsite, due to its lightweight, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly properties, has become a key material for modern green buildings, particularly suitable for prefabricated buildings, super-high-rise structures, and passive low-energy buildings.

[0003] During the production of ceramsite, clay, water, and other additives such as binders must be mixed and stirred evenly before being granulated using ceramsite granulation equipment. However, when the mixture is extruded into granules using extrusion rollers, due to the presence of adhesive components in the mixture, the mixture easily sticks together in the granulator, resulting in uneven distribution of the subsequent granules. Furthermore, materials containing fiber impurities or clay with a high moisture content in the mixture easily adhere to the surface of the extrusion rollers during the extrusion granulation process. This material adhesion can lead to poor granulation, uneven granulation, and even affect the continuous operation of the equipment, reducing production efficiency.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118682900A discloses a ceramsite production equipment and process, which relates to the technical field of ceramsite production. The equipment and process include, in order, a granulator assembly, a first conveying assembly, a drying machine assembly, a second conveying assembly, a sintering furnace assembly, a third conveying assembly and a screening machine assembly. A granulating structure is provided inside the granulator assembly, and a mixing structure is provided inside the granulator assembly and on the upper side of the granulating structure. The present invention realizes stirring and dispersing treatment of the mixture through the mixing structure, so that the mixture can be more evenly dispersed to the next processing stage; the mixture is mixed in the granulating stage by rotating the extrusion roller. The material is squeezed and compressed on the granulation plate, and the cutting blade is driven to rotate during the rotation of the rotating shaft to cut and granulate the material at the bottom of the granulation plate; however, in the present invention, the fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the granulation plate, the granulation plate is fixed, and the extrusion roller is only driven to rotate by the second motor, and can only locally extrude the mixture at a fixed position. The movement path of the material on the granulation plate is single, which may lead to uneven extrusion or local accumulation; and when facing the granulation of high-viscosity mixed materials, it cannot reduce the situation where the material sticks to the roller surface, thereby affecting the continuous operation of the equipment and reducing production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and propose a ceramsite production equipment and production process after improvement, thereby improving the ceramsite granulation production equipment and production process and improving production efficiency.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical scheme: a ceramsite production equipment comprises a mounting frame, a screw conveyor for stirring and conveying the mixed material is installed on the top of the mounting frame, a granulator is provided just below the discharge port of the screw conveyor, and the mixed material enters the granulator for granulation after stirring, the granulator comprises a lower bin connected with the discharge port of the screw conveyor, and a granulation bin is provided below the lower bin; a granulation plate is provided in the granulation bin, a plurality of granulation grooves are evenly opened on the granulation plate, an extrusion roller is provided above the granulation plate, the extrusion roller and the granulation plate rotate relative to each other to extrude the mixed material on the granulation plate, and a forming discharge bin is provided below the granulation bin; a cutting knife assembly is provided in the forming discharge bin, and the cutting knife assembly is arranged below the granulation plate and rotates relative to the granulation plate to cut and shape the material extruded from the bottom of the granulation plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the screw conveyor includes a U-shaped trough, a feed port is provided at the top of the trough, a spiral body is rotated in the trough, the spiral body includes a spiral shaft and a spiral blade, one end of the spiral shaft passes through the trough and is fixedly connected to a first pulley at the end, and the discharge port is provided at one end of the bottom of the trough; a driving motor is installed on the mounting frame, and a second pulley is connected to the output end of the driving motor, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a belt transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, a first motor is installed on the inner bottom surface of the molding and discharging bin of the granulator, and a rotating shaft is connected to the output end of the first motor, and the rotating shaft extends from the molding and discharging bin to the lower bin.

[0009] Furthermore, the granulation plate is fixedly installed in the granulation bin by screws, the center part of the granulation plate is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, a fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft above the granulation plate, at least two second motors are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the extrusion roller, the extrusion roller rotates under the drive of the second motor, and revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate under the drive of the rotating shaft; the cutting knife assembly is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the granulation plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the granulation plate is rotatably arranged in the granulation bin, and an upper and lower limit plates are fixedly provided on the inner bin wall of the granulation bin, and the granulation plate rotates between the upper and lower limit plates, and a mounting sleeve is provided above the granulation plate, and the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the mounting sleeve, and the mounting sleeve is fixedly connected to the bin wall of the granulation bin through a connecting rod, and at least two third motors are embedded and installed on the outer side wall of the mounting sleeve, and the extrusion roller is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor, and the extrusion roller rotates under the drive of the third motor, and the extrusion roller revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate relative to the rotating granulation plate; the cutting knife assembly is fixedly mounted on the inner bin wall of the granulation bin.

[0011] Furthermore, a hollow cavity is opened in the extrusion roller, and a variable pitch spiral groove is processed on the inner side wall of the hollow cavity. The pitch of the spiral line of the variable pitch spiral groove gradually decreases along the axis direction of the roller body, forming a spiral track with sparse at one end and dense at the other end. The variable pitch spiral groove is a trapezoidal groove, and a number of balls are distributed in the variable pitch spiral groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a dividing plate is provided in the lower material bin, and the dividing plate is fixedly connected to the lower material bin by screws. Three through slots are opened on the dividing plate, and a rotating block is fixedly provided on the top of the rotating shaft. The rotating block is rotatably arranged in the center of the dividing plate. A connecting baffle is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rotating block, and the connecting baffle is located below the dividing plate and cooperates with the through slot. A connecting sleeve is fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the rotating block and located on the upper side of the dividing plate, and six shift rods are fixedly connected at equal angles to the outer side wall of the connecting sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the cutting knife assembly is symmetrically arranged in the forming discharge bin, and the cutting knife assembly includes a mounting plate, on which a cutting knife handle is fixedly installed by screws, and one end of the cutting knife handle is fixedly connected with a cutting blade, and the cutting blade is located at the bottom of the granulation plate and rotates relative to the granulation plate to cut materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer cover of the first motor is provided with a truncated cone-shaped lower hopper, the silo wall of the forming discharge silo is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to a receiving hopper.

[0015] A ceramsite production process comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Material mixing and conveying: The mixed raw materials of ceramsite are continuously stirred by a screw conveyor and conveyed to the lower hopper of the granulator;

[0017] S2. Material distribution and diversion: The mixed material is evenly distributed onto the granulation plate of the granulation bin using the slots on the distribution plate and the lever connected to the rotating block;

[0018] S3. Bidirectional extrusion granulation: The extrusion roller is driven to rotate while revolving around the central axis of the granulation plate, rotating relative to the granulation plate, and extruding the material from the granulation trough to form a strip-shaped blank;

[0019] S4 dynamic cutting and forming: the cutting blade assembly is used to synchronously cut the strip-shaped body extruded from the bottom of the granulation plate to obtain a homogeneous ceramsite green body;

[0020] S5. Directional collection: The cut ceramsite green body is guided to the receiving device through the lower hopper of the forming discharge bin to complete the continuous discharge.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The extrusion roller rotates and revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate at the same time, forming a composite motion. The shear force generated by the rotation destroys the material agglomeration and enhances the plasticization uniformity. The revolution covers the entire surface of the granulation plate, avoiding the "edge underpressure" problem of traditional fixed extrusion rollers, ensuring the uniform density of the particles and broadening the adaptability of raw materials.

[0023] 2. The extrusion roller is equipped with a variable pitch spiral groove and balls inside. When rotating, the balls are affected by centrifugal force and move regularly along the spiral groove and hit the roller wall, generating high-frequency micro-vibration, effectively destroying the adhesion between the material and the roller surface, reducing the "roller sticking" phenomenon, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0024] 3. The material distribution plate and the lever work together to control the material discharge rhythm through the rotating block and the connecting baffle, so that the mixed material is evenly dispersed on the surface of the granulation plate, avoiding local accumulation and improving the granulation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the screw conveyor in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the granulator in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is an internal view of the granulator in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is an internal cross-sectional view of a granulator in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is an internal view of the granulator in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is an internal cross-sectional view of the two halves of the squeezing roller in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 1 and 2 are the internal view and cross-sectional view of the squeezing roller in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1-mounting frame, 2-screw conveyor, 3-granulator, 4-discharging bin, 5-granulating bin, 6-granulating plate, 7-squeezing roller, 8-forming discharge bin, 9-cutting knife assembly, 10-first motor, 11-rotating shaft, 12-fixing sleeve, 13-second motor, 14-limiting plate, 15-mounting sleeve, 16-third motor, 17-discharging hopper;

[0034] 21- material trough, 22- spiral body, 23- driving motor, 41- material dividing plate, 42- rotating block, 43- connecting baffle, 44- connecting sleeve, 45- lever, 71- hollow cavity, 72- variable pitch spiral groove, 73- ball, 91- mounting plate, 92- cutting handle, 93- cutting blade, 151- connecting rod, 411- through slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Combine Figures 1 to 8 The ceramsite production equipment shown in the figure includes a mounting frame 1, a screw conveyor 2 for stirring and conveying the mixed material is installed on the top of the mounting frame 1, a granulator 3 is provided just below the discharge port of the screw conveyor 2, and the mixed material enters the granulator 3 for granulation after stirring, and the granulator 3 includes a lower bin 4 connected to the discharge port of the screw conveyor 2, and a granulation bin 5 is provided below the lower bin 4; a granulation plate 6 is provided in the granulation bin 5, and a plurality of granulation grooves are evenly opened on the granulation plate 6, and an extrusion roller 7 is provided above the granulation plate 6, and the extrusion roller 7 and the granulation plate 6 rotate relative to each other to extrude the mixed material on the granulation plate 6, and a forming discharge bin 8 is provided below the granulation bin 5; a cutting knife assembly 9 is provided in the forming discharge bin 8, and the cutting knife assembly 9 is arranged below the granulation plate 6 and rotates relative to the granulation plate 6 to cut and shape the material extruded from the bottom of the granulation plate 6;

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, the screw conveyor 2 includes a U-shaped trough 21, a feed port is provided at the top of the trough 21, a spiral body 22 is rotated in the trough 21, and the spiral body 22 includes a spiral shaft and a spiral blade. One end of the spiral shaft passes through the trough 21 and is fixedly connected to a first pulley at the end. A discharge port is provided at one end of the bottom of the trough 21; a driving motor 23 is installed on the mounting frame 1, and a second pulley is connected to the output end of the driving motor 23, and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected by a belt transmission; when in use, the mixed clay and other mixed materials are put into the trough 21 from the feed port of the screw conveyor 2, and the driving motor 23 is started to drive the spiral body 22 to stir the mixed materials, and the stirred mixed materials are transported to the lower hopper 4 of the granulator 3 through the discharge port.

[0040] like Figure 3-6 As shown, a first motor 10 is installed on the inner bottom surface of the forming discharge bin 8 of the granulator 3, and a rotating shaft 11 is connected to the output end of the first motor 10, and the rotating shaft 11 extends from the forming discharge bin 8 to the lower bin 4; a dividing plate 41 is provided in the lower bin 4, and the dividing plate 41 is fixedly connected to the lower bin 4 by screws, and three through slots 411 are provided on the dividing plate 41, and a rotating block 42 is fixedly provided on the top of the rotating shaft 11, and the rotating block 42 is rotatably set in the center of the dividing plate 41, and a connecting baffle 43 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the rotating block 42, and the connecting baffle 43 is located below the dividing plate 41 and cooperates with the through slot 411, and a connecting sleeve 44 is fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the rotating block 42 and on the upper side of the dividing plate 41, and the outer side wall of the connecting sleeve 44, etc. There are six levers 45 fixedly connected at an angle; after the stirred mixed material enters the lower hopper 4, the first motor 10 is started to drive the rotating shaft 11 to rotate. During the rotation of the rotating shaft 11, the connecting sleeve 44 fixedly connected to the rotating block 42 and the six levers 45 are driven to rotate. Thus, the six levers 45 can evenly stir the mixed material, and the rotation of the rotating shaft 11 also drives the connecting baffle 43 to rotate. Thus, during the rotation of the connecting baffle 43, the through groove 411 on the dividing plate 41 will gradually be exposed, and under the stirring of the lever 45, the mixed material can evenly fall down from the through groove 411 and be evenly dispersed to the surface of the granulation plate 6 of the granulation bin 5, thereby carrying out the next stage of the granulation process.

[0041] like Figure 3-4As shown, the granulation plate 6 is fixedly installed in the granulation bin 5 by screws, and the central part of the granulation plate 6 can be rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 11 through a bearing. A fixed sleeve 12 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 11 above the granulation plate 6, and at least two second motors 13 are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 12. In this embodiment, four second motors 13 are embedded and installed at equal angles on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 12, and an extrusion roller 7 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 13. The extrusion roller 7 rotates under the drive of the second motor 13 and revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate 6 under the drive of the rotating shaft 11; the cutting knife assembly 9 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 11, and the cutting knife assembly 9 includes a mounting plate 91. In this embodiment, the mounting plate 91 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 11, and a cutting knife handle 92 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 91 by screws. A cutting blade 93 is fixedly connected to one end of the cutting knife handle 92. The cutting blade 93 is located at the bottom of the granulation plate 6 and rotates relative to the granulation plate 6 to cut material;

[0042] The specific granulation process of this embodiment is as follows: the four second motors 13 on the fixed sleeve 12 are started synchronously to drive the four squeezing rollers 7 to rotate; at the same time, the first motor 10 drives the fixed sleeve 12 and the squeezing rollers 7 to revolve around the central axis of the granulation plate 6 through the rotating shaft 11; wherein, the self-rotation causes relative sliding friction between the surface of the squeezing rollers 7 and the granulation plate 6, which generates shear force on the material, destroys the agglomeration of the material, and improves the plasticization uniformity of the mixed material; and the centrifugal force generated by the self-rotation can throw off the material adhering to the roller surface, reduce the "sticking roller" phenomenon, and ensure continuous production; and the revolution causes the squeezing rollers 7 to move along the circumferential trajectory, covering the granulation plate 6. All granulation grooves from the center to the edge solve the "edge underpressure" problem of traditional fixed extrusion rollers (the edge area is loose due to the small number of extrusion times, resulting in loose particles); the simultaneous composite movement of the self-rotation and revolution of the extrusion roller 7 can enhance the shear crushing of high-viscosity materials by self-rotation; and provide stable crushing for low-plasticity materials by revolution, and the composite mode broadens the adaptability of raw materials; as the extrusion roller 7 rotates and revolves, the mixed material is extruded through the granulation grooves on the granulation plate 6, and when the extruded strip blank extends from the bottom of the granulation plate 6, the rotating shaft 11 synchronously drives the cutting knife assembly 9 to rotate, and the cutting blade 93 is used to cut the strip blank into equal-length ceramsite green bodies.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 5-6As shown, compared with the embodiment 1, the rotating shaft 11 drives the fixed sleeve 12 to rotate, thereby driving the extrusion roller 7 to revolve around the central axis of the granulation plate 6; in this embodiment, the granulation plate 6 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 11, and the granulation plate 6 is rotatably arranged in the granulation bin 5. An upper and lower limiting plates 14 are fixedly provided on the inner bin wall of the granulation bin 5. The granulation plate 6 rotates between the upper and lower limiting plates 14. A mounting sleeve 15 is provided above the granulation plate 6, and the rotating shaft 11 is rotatably arranged in the mounting sleeve 15. The mounting sleeve 15 is fixedly connected to the bin wall of the granulation bin 5 through a connecting rod 151, and a mounting sleeve 15 is embedded on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve 15. At least two third motors 16 are provided, and an extrusion roller 7 is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor 16. The extrusion roller 7 rotates under the drive of the third motor 16, and the extrusion roller 7 revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate 6 relative to the rotating granulation plate 6; the cutting knife assembly 9 is fixedly mounted on the inner warehouse wall of the granulation bin 5. In this embodiment, the mounting plate 91 is fixedly connected to the inner warehouse wall of the forming discharge bin 8. A cutting handle 92 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 91 by screws. One end of the cutting handle 92 is fixedly connected to a cutting blade 93. The cutting blade 93 is located at the bottom of the granulation plate 6 and rotates relative to the granulation plate 6 to cut the material;

[0045] The specific granulation process of this embodiment is that the granulation plate 6 is fixed on the rotating shaft 11 and rotates with the rotating shaft 11, driving the surface material to rotate synchronously, and the squeezing roller 7 is fixed to the side wall of the granulation bin 5 by the connecting rod 151 on the mounting sleeve 15, and the squeezing roller 7 and the granulation plate 6 form a relative revolution motion, and the extrusion trajectory covers the entire surface of the granulation groove of the granulation plate 6; when the granulation plate 6 rotates, the upper and lower limiting plates 14 limit the granulation plate 6, and the rotation of the granulation plate 6 causes the material to continuously enter the extrusion zone, and the squeezing roller 7 forms an orbital path relative to the rotating granulation plate 6 to ensure that each granulation groove is periodically pressurized, and the material is forced into the granulation groove to form a dense strip blank. When the strip blank extends from the bottom of the granulation plate 6, the cutting knife assembly 9 fixed to the inner wall of the forming discharge bin 8 plays a role, and the rotation of the granulation plate 6 drives the strip blank to move at a circumferential linear velocity, and the fixed cutting blade 93 cuts the blank in a "relative motion" manner.

[0046] The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the rotation of the granulation plate 6 is used to achieve the relative revolution of the squeezing roller 7 while rotating on its own, thereby also producing the effect achieved by the compound motion of the squeezing roller in the first embodiment.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] like Figure 7-8As shown, in this embodiment, the squeezing roller 7 in the first and second embodiments is further improved so that when it faces a highly viscous mixed material, the "sticking roller" phenomenon can be further reduced to ensure continuous production; thus, a hollow cavity 71 is opened in the squeezing roller 7, and a variable pitch spiral groove 72 is processed on the inner side wall of the hollow cavity 71. The pitch of the spiral line of the variable pitch spiral groove 72 gradually decreases along the axis direction of the roller body; Figure 8 In the middle, the variable pitch spiral groove 72 becomes denser as it goes to the right in the axial direction, forming a spiral track with sparseness at one end and denseness at the other end. The variable pitch spiral groove 72 is a trapezoidal groove, and a plurality of balls 73 are distributed in the variable pitch spiral groove 72;

[0049] When the squeezing roller 7 rotates, under the constraints of centrifugal force and groove wall, the ball 73 will roll toward the end with smaller pitch and collide with the groove wall repeatedly. Due to the change of pitch, the rolling speed and direction of the ball 73 continue to change. Each time it collides with the groove wall and the inner roller wall, it will exert an impact force on the groove wall and the inner roller wall. The reaction force of the groove wall on the ball 73 temporarily changes the movement state of the ball 73, but the centrifugal force continues to drive the ball 73 to continue rolling along the groove and hit the groove wall again; in this way, a single ball forms a cyclical motion of "rolling-collision-rebound-rolling again"; thus, the variable pitch spiral groove 72 and the centrifugal force work together to make the ball 73 roll along a specific trajectory and continuously collide with the groove wall and the inner roller wall, ultimately achieving percussion vibration of the squeezing roller 7. Compared with directly placing the ball 73 in the hollow cavity 71, the ball 73 moves irregularly, and the vibration frequency and amplitude are uncontrollable, making it difficult to effectively reduce material adhesion; the variable pitch spiral groove 72 provides a clear movement trajectory for the ball 73, allowing it to roll regularly along the spiral path. When the extrusion roller 7 rotates, the ball is affected by centrifugal force, groove wall support force, etc., and continues to move along the groove and repeatedly hits the roller wall, generating stable high-frequency micro-vibration, which can destroy the adhesion between the material and the roller surface, thereby further reducing the roller sticking phenomenon.

[0050] In the first embodiment, the extrusion roller 7 actively revolves around the rotating shaft 11, causing the entire extrusion roller 7 to rotate about another axis, changing the spatial position and force direction of the ball 73. At this time, the direction of the centrifugal force on the ball changes periodically with the revolution, and its motion trajectory becomes a combination of self-rotational spiral motion and revolution circular motion, forming a more complex spatial spiral trajectory. However, the variable-pitch spiral groove 72 still constrains the ball, preventing it from escaping the groove body; the revolution also causes the impact frequency and direction to change, forming a more complex vibration pattern. For example, during one revolution, the ball 73 collides multiple times along the spiral groove due to its rotation. The different speed ratios between revolution and rotation cause the impact to show periodic changes, which also enhances the vibration effect and more effectively destroys the adhesion between the material and the roller surface.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the outer cover of the first motor 10 is provided with a truncated cone-shaped lower hopper 17, and a discharge port is opened on the silo wall of the forming discharge silo 8, and a receiving hopper is connected to the discharge port.

[0052] In Example 3, 3-6 balls are usually selected and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction to ensure that the striking force is evenly distributed and avoid eccentric load vibration of the roller body. At the same time, the total mass of the balls accounts for 0.5%-1% of the total mass of the extrusion roller 7 to prevent excessive moment of inertia from affecting the motor load; the number of spiral groove turns: generally designed to be 5-10 turns. The specific adjustment needs to be made in combination with the roller length and the pitch change gradient. For example, the number of turns can be increased for high-viscosity materials to fully accelerate the balls to increase the impact frequency and enhance the vibration viscosity reduction effect; if the roller body is shorter or the vibration frequency requirement is lower, the number of turns can be appropriately reduced. The groove rails of the variable pitch spiral groove can be made of hardened steel (HRC55-60) + wear-resistant coating, and the ball 73 can be made of tungsten carbide alloy ball (hardness HV1800). The hardness difference between the two is controlled within 20% to avoid excessive wear.

[0053] The ceramsite production process of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1 material mixing and transport: the ceramsite mixed raw materials are continuously stirred by a screw conveyor 2 and transported to the lower hopper 4 of the granulator 3;

[0055] S2. Material distribution and diversion: using the through slot 411 on the material distribution plate 41 and the lever 45 connected to the rotating block 42, the mixed material is evenly dispersed to the granulation plate 6 of the granulation bin 5;

[0056] S3 bidirectional extrusion granulation: driving the extrusion roller 7 while rotating around the central axis of the granulation plate 6, and the granulation plate 6 forms a relative rotation, the material is extruded from the granulation tank to form a strip body;

[0057] S4 dynamic cutting and forming: by cutting knife assembly 9 on the bottom of the granulation plate 6 extruded strip body synchronous cutting, to obtain a homogeneous ceramsite green body;

[0058] S5. Directed collection: The cut ceramsite green body is guided to the material receiving device through the lower hopper 17 of the forming discharge bin 8 to complete the continuous discharge.

[0059] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0060] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A ceramsite production device, comprising a mounting frame (1), a screw conveyor (2) for stirring and conveying a mixed material being mounted on the top of the mounting frame (1), a granulator (3) being disposed directly below the discharge port of the screw conveyor (2), and the mixed material being stirred and then entering the granulator (3) for granulation, characterized in that: The granulator (3) includes a lower bin (4) connected to the discharge port of the screw conveyor (2), and a granulation bin (5) is provided below the lower bin (4); a granulation plate (6) is provided in the granulation bin (5), and a plurality of granulation grooves are evenly opened on the granulation plate (6); an extrusion roller (7) is provided above the granulation plate (6), and the extrusion roller (7) and the granulation plate (6) rotate relative to each other to extrude the mixed material on the granulation plate (6); a forming discharge bin (8) is provided below the granulation bin (5); a cutting knife assembly (9) is provided in the forming discharge bin (8), and the cutting knife assembly (9) is arranged below the granulation plate (6) and rotates relative to the granulation plate (6) to cut and shape the material extruded from the bottom of the granulation plate (6); A first motor (10) is installed on the inner bottom surface of the forming discharge bin (8) of the granulator (3), and the output end of the first motor (10) is connected to a rotating shaft (11), and the rotating shaft (11) extends from the forming discharge bin (8) to the lower bin (4); the granulation plate (6) is fixedly installed in the granulation bin (5) by screws, and the center of the granulation plate (6) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (11), and a fixed sleeve (12) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (11) above the granulation plate (6), and at least two second motors (13) are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve (12), and the output end of the second motor (13) is fixedly connected to the squeezing roller (7), and the squeezing roller (7) rotates under the drive of the second motor (13) and revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate (6) under the drive of the rotating shaft (11); the cutting knife assembly (9) is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (11); A hollow cavity (71) is formed in the extrusion roller (7), and a variable pitch spiral groove (72) is machined on the inner side wall of the hollow cavity (71). The pitch of the spiral line of the variable pitch spiral groove (72) gradually decreases along the axis of the roller body, forming a spiral track with sparse pitch at one end and dense pitch at the other end. The variable pitch spiral groove (72) is a trapezoidal groove, and a plurality of balls (73) are distributed in the variable pitch spiral groove (72).

2. The ceramsite production equipment according to claim 1, wherein: The screw conveyor (2) includes a U-shaped trough (21), a feed port is provided at the top of the trough (21), a spiral body (22) is rotatably provided in the trough (21), the spiral body (22) includes a spiral shaft and a spiral blade, one end of the spiral shaft passes through the trough (21) and is fixedly connected to a first pulley at the end, and the discharge port is provided at one end of the bottom of the trough (21); a driving motor (23) is installed on the mounting frame (1), and a second pulley is connected to the output end of the driving motor (23), and the first pulley and the second pulley are connected via a belt transmission.

3. The ceramsite production equipment according to claim 2, wherein: The granulation plate (6) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (11), and the granulation plate (6) is rotatably arranged in the granulation bin (5). An upper and lower limiting plates (14) are fixedly provided on the inner bin wall of the granulation bin (5). The granulation plate (6) rotates between the upper and lower limiting plates (14). A mounting sleeve (15) is provided above the granulation plate (6), and the rotating shaft (11) is rotatably arranged in the mounting sleeve (15). The mounting sleeve (15) is fixedly connected to the granulation bin (5) via a connecting rod (151). At least two third motors (16) are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve (15) on the wall of the granulation bin (5); the output end of the third motor (16) is fixedly connected to the squeezing roller (7); the squeezing roller (7) rotates under the drive of the third motor (16), and the squeezing roller (7) revolves around the central axis of the granulation plate (6) relative to the rotating granulation plate (6); the cutting knife assembly (9) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the granulation bin (5).

4. The ceramsite production equipment according to claim 3, wherein: A dividing plate (41) is provided in the lower material bin (4), and the dividing plate (41) is fixedly connected to the lower material bin (4) by screws. Three through slots (411) are provided on the dividing plate (41). A rotating block (42) is fixedly provided on the top of the rotating shaft (11). The rotating block (42) is rotatably arranged at the center of the dividing plate (41). A connecting baffle (43) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating block (42). The connecting baffle (43) is located below the dividing plate (41) and cooperates with the through slots (411). A connecting sleeve (44) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating block (42) and located on the upper side of the dividing plate (41). Six shifting rods (45) are fixedly connected at equal angles to the outer wall of the connecting sleeve (44).

5. The ceramsite production equipment according to claim 4, wherein: The cutting knife assembly (9) is symmetrically arranged in the forming discharge bin (8), and the cutting knife assembly (9) includes a mounting plate (91). A cutting knife handle (92) is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate (91) by screws, and a cutting blade (93) is fixedly connected to one end of the cutting knife handle (92). The cutting blade (93) is located at the bottom of the granulation plate (6) and rotates relative to the granulation plate (6) to cut materials.

6. The ceramsite production equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer cover of the first motor (10) is provided with a truncated cone-shaped lower hopper (17), and a discharge port is provided on the wall of the forming discharge bin (8), and a receiving hopper is connected to the discharge port.

7. A ceramsite production process, characterized in that: The ceramsite production process is applied to the ceramsite production equipment according to claim 6, and the ceramsite production process comprises the following steps: S1. Material mixing and conveying: The mixed raw material of ceramsite is continuously stirred by a screw conveyor (2) and conveyed to the lower hopper (4) of the granulator (3); S2. Material distribution and diversion: Using the through groove (411) on the distribution plate (41) and the lever (45) connected to the rotating block (42), the mixed material is evenly dispersed on the granulation plate (6) of the granulation bin (5); S3. Bidirectional extrusion granulation: driving the extrusion roller (7) to rotate around the central axis of the granulation plate (6) while rotating, forming a relative rotation with the granulation plate (6), and extruding the material from the granulation tank to form a strip-shaped body; S4 dynamic cutting and forming: by cutting the blade assembly (9) on the granulation plate (6) at the bottom of the extruded strip body is synchronously cut to obtain a homogeneous ceramsite green body; S5. Directed collection: The cut ceramsite green body is guided to the material receiving device through the lower hopper (17) of the forming discharge bin (8) to complete the continuous discharge.

Images