Test platform and test method for simulating tunnel construction of shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a test platform and a test method for simulating tunnel construction of a shield tunneling machine. The test platform comprises a multi-mode geological environment simulation platform, an intelligent shield tunneling machine simulation platform and a data processing system, the multi-mode geological environment simulation platform comprises a base, a hydraulic telescopic mechanism, a water pipe, a fixing frame, a fault plate, a wireless geophone, a speed sensor and an ICP sensor. The shield tunneling machine intelligent simulation platform comprises a base, a shield body, a cutter head, an electromagnetic coil, a vibration acceleration sensor and an electrode. The experimental platform has the advantages that the experimental platform has the function of actively simulating complex geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush and water gushing, visual integrated control over tunneling parameters is achieved, integrated installation of modules such as a tunneling-while-electrical method, a tunneling-while-earthquake, tunneling-while-transient electromagnetism and a vibration sensor is supported, and the working efficiency is improved. The system can detect the geological conditions in front in real time, and intelligently process and analyze the collected geophysical data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield machine engineering, and more specifically, to a test platform and an experimental method for simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of coal mine roadways, the geological conditions of the roadways are complex and variable, and special geological structures such as faults, fracture zones, and water-rich areas will affect the safety and efficiency of construction. Scholars have carried out a large number of studies in the field of traditional geophysical exploration methods and accumulated rich theoretical foundations. However, with the rapid development of coal mine roadway construction technology, traditional geophysical exploration methods are gradually transforming towards the intelligent direction. In this process, new challenges and problems are also faced. This transformation trend places higher requirements on the physical similarity and data processing capabilities of the test platform.

[0003] At present, the integration of excavation and exploration in engineering applications still remains in the stage of separation between excavation and exploration. The degree of integration and coordination between the two is low, and the construction efficiency is not high. A large number of tests related to the integration of excavation and exploration need to be carried out. When conducting tests in actual construction, due to phenomena such as high temperature, high humidity, and excessive dust concentration in the construction environment, it is difficult for the test device to operate stably for a long time and affects the health and safety of the test personnel. In addition, traditional test methods are difficult to independently set and simulate complex geological conditions and their dynamic change processes, such as the spatial distribution, location characteristics, and related parameters (such as flow rate, flow velocity, etc.) of phenomena such as fault slip, fracture zone, water inrush, and water bursting. This further limits the effectiveness, reliability, diversity, and extensibility of the tests.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a test platform that can simulate the construction environment of a shield machine in a coal mine roadway to make up for the deficiencies of traditional test methods and promote the development of coal mine roadway construction technology towards the intelligent and precise directions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a test platform that can simulate the construction environment of a shield machine in a coal mine roadway.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A test platform for simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway, comprising a multi-modal geological environment simulation platform, a shield machine intelligent simulation platform, and a data processing system;

[0008] The multimodal geological environment simulation platform includes a base, a hydraulic telescopic mechanism, a water pipe, a fixing frame, a fault plate, a wireless geophone, a velocity sensor, and an ICP sensor. Multiple groups of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms, water pipes, and fixing frames are arranged on the base. In the fixing frame, fault plates corresponding to the number of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms are arranged in parallel. The telescopic end of each group of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms is correspondingly connected to one layer of the fault plate. The output end of the water pipe extends into the fault plate correspondingly to simulate water-rich areas, water inrush, and gushing water. Along the tunneling direction on the fault plate, multiple geophones electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged. Along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions on the fault plate, velocity sensors electrically connected to the data processing system are respectively arranged. An ICP sensor electrically connected to the data processing system is arranged in the stress concentration area or section of the fault plate;

[0009] The intelligent simulation platform for a shield machine includes a base, a shield body, a cutter head, electromagnetic coils, vibration acceleration sensors, and electrodes. A shield body capable of tunneling towards the multimodal geological environment simulation platform is arranged on the base. A cutter head is arranged at the end of the shield body close to the multimodal geological environment simulation platform. Multiple circles of electromagnetic coils electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged at intervals on the shield body. A vibration acceleration sensor electrically connected to the data processing system is installed on the side of the cutter head away from the multimodal geological environment simulation platform. Two groups of grooves are arranged along the diameter direction of the cutter head on the side of the cutter head close to the multimodal geological environment simulation platform. The two groups of grooves are symmetrically arranged with the center of the cutter head. Multiple electrodes electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged at intervals in the grooves.

[0010] This experimental platform has the function of actively simulating complex geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and gushing water, and realizes the visual integrated control of tunneling parameters, specifically including the parameters of the shield machine itself and geophysical parameters, supports the integrated installation of modules such as electrical prospecting while tunneling, seismic while tunneling, transient electromagnetic while tunneling, and vibration sensors, can detect the geological conditions ahead in real time, and can perform intelligent processing and analysis on the collected geophysical data.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of hydraulic legs and universal wheels are further arranged at the bottom of the base.

[0012] Preferably, a water tank communicated with the water pipe is arranged inside the base.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing frame includes support columns, a fixing shell, and a top loading component. Four support columns are respectively vertically fixed at the four corner positions on the upper part of the base. A detachable fixing shell is installed between adjacent support columns. The top loading component with a temperature control sensor and a moisture sensor installed inside is placed in the fixing shell at the top and extends into the fault plate.

[0014] Preferably, a heating plate is installed inside the fixing shell.

[0015] Preferably, the shield body is slidably arranged on the base.

[0016] Preferably, the shield body includes an outer sleeve, an annular fixing ring, a first dust-proof plate, and a transmission component. The cross-section of the outer sleeve is circular. The cutter head is arranged at one end of the outer sleeve. Three annular fixing rings are arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the outer sleeve to support the outer sleeve. A first dust-proof plate is arranged at the end of the outer sleeve close to the cutter head. A transmission component is arranged inside the outer sleeve, and the output end of the transmission component passes through the first dust-proof plate and is connected to the cutter head.

[0017] Preferably, a glass window is provided on the outer sleeve.

[0018] Preferably, a dust collector and a nozzle are further arranged on the side of the cutter head close to the shield body.

[0019] Preferably, the present invention also provides an experimental method for a test platform for simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Leveling treatment of the test platform

[0021] According to the surface flatness of the test site, level the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform and the shield machine intelligent simulation platform respectively;

[0022] S2: Construction of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform

[0023] First, according to the required types of faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and water gushing for the test, adjust the fault board and water pipes to the corresponding positions and angles, and then prepare the geological materials according to a predetermined ratio for constructing different target strata; and arrange a plurality of geophones along the tunneling direction on the fault board, arrange velocity sensors along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions respectively on the fault board, and arrange ICP sensors in the stress concentration area or section of the fault board for simulating the seismic method while tunneling;

[0024] S3: Shield machine simulation construction

[0025] A plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals in the grooves of the cutter head for simulating the electrical method while tunneling; a plurality of turns of electromagnetic coils are arranged at intervals on the shield body for simulating the transient electromagnetic method while tunneling; and a vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the side of the cutter head away from the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform to collect the vibration during the rock-breaking process of the rolling cutter on the cutter head in real time.

[0026] S5: Tunneling and data acquisition and processing

[0027] The shield drives the cutter head to rotate, moves on the base, and tunnels into the fault board of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform. During the tunneling process, data is collected through the seismic method during tunneling in S2, the electrical method during tunneling, the transient electromagnetic method during tunneling, and vibration acceleration sensors in S3, and sent to the data processing system for storage and analysis.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. Through the setting of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform, the experimental platform has the function of actively simulating complex geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and water gushing, and can control parameters such as the temperature and water content of the formation during the simulation process.

[0030] 2. The experimental platform realizes the visual integrated control of tunneling parameters, specifically including: the parameters of the shield machine itself (such as: rotation speed, torque, thrust, tunneling depth, etc.), geophysical parameters (such as: resistivity, seismic wave, secondary electromagnetic field, vibration acceleration, etc.), supports the integrated installation of modules such as the electrical method during tunneling, seismic method during tunneling, transient electromagnetic method during tunneling, and vibration sensors, can detect the geological conditions ahead in real time, and perform intelligent processing and analysis on the collected geophysical data.

[0031] 3. The intelligent simulation platform of the shield machine can realize the rapid replacement of faulty cutters and can be used for experimental research on faulty cutters. In addition, the scaled-down cutter head part of the shield can be replaced with the cutting head assembly of the full-face roadheader, so as to carry out tests and verifications on related contents of the full-face roadheader; and it can also truly reproduce the actual tunneling process of the shield machine, including: key links such as tunneling, cutting, and discharging; at the same time, it also integrates a variety of auxiliary protection measures, such as dust prevention, waterproofing, explosion protection, sound insulation, and dust reduction functions, to ensure the safety and reliability of the test process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic installation diagram of seismic detectors, velocity sensors, and ICP sensors of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the intelligent simulation platform of the shield machine of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is a front view of the intelligent simulation platform of the shield machine of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the installation of the electromagnetic coil according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 Partial structural schematic diagram of the shield body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Structural schematic diagram of the cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the installation of the electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the connection inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this application, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] Refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment discloses a test platform for simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway, including a multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1, a shield machine intelligent simulation platform 2 disposed close to the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1, and a data processing system (not shown in the figure).

[0045] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1 includes a base 11, a hydraulic telescopic mechanism 12, a water pipe (not shown in the figure), a fixing frame 13, a fault plate 14, a geophone 15, a speed sensor 16, and an ICP sensor 17.

[0046] The bottom of the base 11 is provided with a plurality of first hydraulic legs 111 and first universal wheels 112 with supports. The extension stroke of the first hydraulic legs 111 is 200 mm. By adjusting their extension stroke, the height of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1 can be flexibly adjusted, so as to ensure that the hob of the shield machine intelligent simulation platform 2 can cut strata with different properties and depths; when the first universal wheels 112 are retracted to support, it is convenient for the movement of the whole platform. After extending to support, it can stably support the platform and effectively resist the reaction force generated during the propulsion of the shield machine intelligent simulation platform 2.

[0047] A plurality of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 12, water pipes and fixing frames 13 are arranged on the base 11. Fault plates 14 corresponding to the number of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 12 are arranged in parallel in the fixing frame 13. The telescopic ends of each group of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 12 are correspondingly hinged to one layer of fault plates 14. Each layer of fault plates 14 can be tilted on one side or lifted as a whole, so as to accurately simulate the changes of geological structures such as faults. In this embodiment, the number of the hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 12 and the fault plates 14 is 4 groups, and the hydraulic telescopic mechanisms 12 are hydraulic jacks.

[0048] A water tank is also arranged inside the base 11. The input end of the water pipe is communicated with the water tank, and the output end correspondingly extends into the fault plate 14 to simulate complex geological conditions such as water-rich areas, water inrush areas, and gushing water areas.

[0049] Furthermore, the fixing frame 13 includes support columns 131, fixing shells 132 and top loading components 133. Four support columns 131 are respectively vertically fixed at the four corner ends of the upper part of the base 11, playing a role in supporting the overall framework to ensure the structural stability. Removable fixing shells 132 are installed between adjacent support columns 131 through bolts and nuts. After being combined, a surrounding closed formation simulation area is formed. A heating plate (not shown in the figure) is installed inside the fixing shell 132 to heat the formation to simulate the geological environment under different temperature conditions; the top loading component 133 with a temperature control sensor and a moisture sensor installed inside is placed on the top fixing shell 132 and extends into the fault plate 14. The top loading component 133 can not only apply pressure to the formation simulation area, but also measure parameters such as the temperature and moisture content of the formation simulation area in real time, and the maximum hydraulic thrust that can be provided is 5 KN.

[0050] Furthermore, a heating plate is installed inside the fixing shell 132, which can be used to heat the formation simulation area to simulate the geological environment under different temperature conditions.

[0051] In this embodiment, through the setting of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1, the experimental platform has the function of actively simulating complex geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and gushing water, and can control parameters such as the temperature and moisture content of the formation during the simulation process.

[0052] Refer again to Figure 3 Figure 3 , on the fault plate 14, eight geophones 15 electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged side by side along the tunneling direction. Specifically, the geophones 15 are wireless geophones, which are embedded to ensure the accuracy of signal acquisition to meet the requirements of the three-dimensional vector imaging algorithm. Along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions on the fault plate 14, velocity sensors 16 electrically connected to the data processing system are respectively arranged. Each velocity sensor 16 is of a three-component type to cover the velocity components in the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions at different positions. An ICP sensor 17 electrically connected to the data processing system is arranged in the stress concentration area or section of the fault plate 14 to be able to monitor the dynamic changes of the formation in real time. The sensors are synchronized and combined to realize the acquisition of multi-dimensional data, including spatial coordinates (x, y, z), time (t), and velocity components (v1, v2, v3) in three directions. Through the above settings of each sensor, the tunneling seismic method is simulated.

[0053] Refer to Figures 4 to 9 Figures 4 to 9 , the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine includes a base 21, a linear guide rail assembly 22, a shield body 23, a cutter head 24, electromagnetic coils 25, a vibration acceleration sensor (not shown in the figure), and an electrode 26.

[0054] A plurality of second hydraulic legs 211 and second universal wheels 212 with supports are also arranged at the bottom of the base 21. By adjusting the telescopic stroke of the second hydraulic legs 211, the height of the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine can be flexibly adjusted, so as to ensure that the hob of the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine can cut formations with different properties and depths. When the second universal wheel 112 retracts the support, it is convenient for the movement of the entire platform. After the support is extended, it can stably support the platform and effectively resist the reaction force generated during the propulsion of the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine.

[0055] On the base 21, a shield body 23 capable of tunneling towards the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1 is arranged through the linear guide rail assembly 22. A cutter head 24 is arranged at the end of the shield body 23 close to the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1. A plurality of hobs are arranged on the cutter head 24. Three circles of electromagnetic coils 25 electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged at intervals on the shield body 23. The electromagnetic coils 25 are composed of 5 enameled wires with a diameter of 1 mm and evenly divide the internal space of the shield body 23. Through the coordinated work of the three-turn electromagnetic coils 25, a cylindrical receiving and transmitting area is formed, so as to effectively cover the front geological detection range, improve the sensitivity and accuracy of data acquisition, and be used to simulate the tunneling transient electromagnetic method.

[0056] On one side of the cutter head 24 away from the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1, a vibration acceleration sensor (not shown in the figure) electrically connected to the data processing system is installed to collect the vibration characteristics during the rock-breaking process of the hob in real time. The external dimensions of the vibration acceleration sensor are The sampling frequency is 5000 Hz.

[0057] On one side of the cutter head 24 close to the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1, two groups of grooves 241 with a depth of 5 mm are arranged along the diameter direction of the cutter head 24. The two groups of grooves 241 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the cutter head 24 and form an angle of 30° with the horizontal line. An electrode hole is arranged every 23 mm in the grooves 241, with a total of 17 electrode holes. Electrodes 26 are installed in the electrode holes. Insulating plates are installed on both sides and the lower part of the grooves 241 to avoid polarization. At the same time, a rectangular discharge port is arranged between every two electrode holes to prevent the electrode holes from being blocked due to debris accumulation. Refer to Figure 9 The electrodes 26 are made of soft materials, and an insulating sponge head 261 is arranged above them. When subjected to pressure, it can drive the lower electrode 26 to produce corresponding changes; the electrode hole at the center of the cutter head 24 is the N pole (47), and the electrode holes at the edge are the B poles (48). 17 electrode wires extend from the center of the rotating shaft to the inside of the rear shield 23 and pass through the rotating shaft with the help of a slip ring. The compass is also fixed on the rotating shaft for auxiliary positioning and data collection. The above settings are used to simulate the resistivity logging while drilling.

[0058] The linear guide rail assembly 22 includes a linear guide rail 221 and a slider 222. The linear guide rail 221 is fixed on the base 21, and the shield 23 is slidably arranged on the linear guide rail 221 through the slider 222.

[0059] The shield 23 includes an outer sleeve 231, an annular fixing ring 232, a first dust-proof plate 233, a transmission assembly 234 and a second dust-proof plate 235. The cross-section of the outer sleeve is circular and is fixed on the slider 222. The cutter head 24 is arranged at one end of the outer sleeve 231. Three equally spaced sliding grooves are arranged on the upper part and both sides of the inner wall of the outer sleeve 231. An annular fixing ring 232 is correspondingly arranged in each sliding groove to support the outer sleeve 231. The fixing rings 232 are connected by support columns to enhance stability; a first dust-proof plate 233 is arranged at the end of the outer sleeve 231 close to the cutter head 24. A transmission assembly 234 is arranged inside the outer sleeve 233. The output end of the transmission assembly 234 passes through the first dust-proof plate and is connected to the cutter head 24 to drive the rotation of the cutter head 24.

[0060] A glass window is opened on the outer sleeve 231 to facilitate real-time observation of the internal structure and operating state of the outer sleeve 231.

[0061] An opening is arranged at the bottom of the outer sleeve 231, and a second dust-proof plate 235 is arranged at the opening. The second dust-proof plate 235 is connected to the slider 222.

[0062] The transmission component 234 includes a stepper motor, a coupling, a torque sensor, and a vertical bearing block. The protruding end of the stepper motor is connected to one end of the torque sensor through the coupling. The other protruding end of the torque sensor is connected to the rotating shaft through the subsequent coupling. The rear end of the rotating shaft is fixed by a vertical bearing block made of nylon. The nylon material can effectively reduce heat generation due to friction and avoid damage to the rotating shaft caused by high temperature. Finally, the rotating shaft passes through the first dust-proof plate 233 and is connected to the cutter head 24 to achieve power transmission. The cutter head 24 is designed according to the structure of the actual shield cutter head in proportion. Disc cutters are provided at different radius positions on the cutter head for subsequent cutting of the formation. The disc cutters are based on 17-inch single-edge flat-top disc cutters, and their structure is designed according to a scale ratio of 1:10. The stepper motor is controlled by a frequency converter, and the rotational speed range during operation is 20 - 60 r / min, and the output torque is 50 N·m.

[0063] The first dust-proof plate 233 and the second dust-proof plate 235 at the bottom together form a sealed dust-proof cavity to prevent dust in the cavity behind the cutter head 24 from entering and affecting the normal operation of components such as the stepper motor and the rotating shaft. The middle annular fixing ring 232 fixes the stepper motor through the motor fixing plate and studs. The annular fixing ring 232 at the tail end fixes the hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic fixing plate. The bottom of the annular fixing ring 232 is fixedly connected to the second dust-proof plate 235 by welding, and a nylon bearing block and a stepper motor are installed on it to form a stable support structure.

[0064] Further, the upper part of the base 21 adopts a concave structure with an arc surface. Linear guide rails 221 are arranged in opposite directions on both sides of the concave structure. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the linear guide rails 221. By pushing the second dust-proof plate 235, the forward and backward movements of the shield body 22 are realized. This structure design with opposite arrangements significantly extends the tunneling depth and improves the adaptability of the test platform. A conveyor belt 3 is installed at the bottom of the concave structure. As the cutter head 24 rotates, the soil layer peeled off from the rock falls onto the conveyor belt 3 through the arc-shaped notch exposed from below, and is used to output the soil layer peeled off from the rock to the waste bin 4 inside the base 21 to complete the centralized treatment of waste.

[0065] Still further, the upper left side of the base 21 adopts a chamfered plane structure, and an operation panel 5 is installed here, which can realize the visual display of parameters such as rotational speed, torque, and thrust, and support the centralized control of functions such as starting and stopping of each component. The inside of the base 21 integrates components such as a controller, a water tank, a hydraulic system, a frequency converter, and a power supply.

[0066] A dust collector and a nozzle are also provided on the side of the cutter head 24 close to the shield body 23. The dust collector adsorbs the dust generated during tunneling, and the nozzle sprays water mist to reduce the dust, thereby reducing the impact of dust on the equipment and facilitating the smooth discharge of waste.

[0067] The data processing system is used to store, analyze, process, and export the data collected by the above-mentioned various sensors.

[0068] The guide rail on the upper part of the base 21 is connected to the second dust-proof plate 235 on the shield body 22 by bolts, jointly constituting the intelligent simulation platform of the entire shield machine, with its overall dimensions: 1800×1220×700 mm (length × width × height).

[0069] The lower part of the front side of the intelligent simulation platform of the shield machine is provided with a concave connecting plate, while the lower part of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform is equipped with a convex connecting plate. The two are firmly connected by bolts and nuts to form a test platform for shield machine roadway construction, with its overall dimensions: 3955×1620×1665 mm (length × width × height).

[0070] Through the above settings, the experimental platform realizes the visual integrated control of tunneling parameters, specifically including: the parameters of the shield machine itself (such as: rotation speed, torque, thrust, tunneling depth, etc.), geophysical parameters (such as: resistivity, seismic wave, secondary electromagnetic field, vibration acceleration, etc.), supports the integrated installation of modules such as electrical prospecting while tunneling, seismic while tunneling, transient electromagnetic while tunneling, and vibration sensors, can detect the geological conditions ahead in real time, and can perform intelligent processing and analysis on the collected geophysical data;

[0071] In addition, the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine can realize the rapid replacement of faulty cutters and can be used to carry out experimental research on faulty cutters. In addition, the scaled-down cutter head part of the shield can be replaced with the cutting head assembly of a full-face roadheader to carry out tests and verifications on relevant contents of the full-face roadheader; and it can also truly restore the actual tunneling process of the shield machine, including: key links such as tunneling, cutting, and discharging; at the same time, it also integrates a variety of auxiliary protection measures, such as dust prevention, waterproofing, explosion protection, sound insulation, and dust reduction functions, to ensure the safety and reliability of the test process.

[0072] Furthermore, this embodiment also discloses an experimental method for a test platform simulating shield machine roadway construction, specifically including the following steps:

[0073] S1: Leveling treatment of the test platform

[0074] According to the surface flatness of the test site, adjust the first hydraulic leg 111 and the second hydraulic leg 211 to accurately level the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1 and the intelligent simulation platform 2 of the shield machine respectively.

[0075] S2: Construction of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform

[0076] First, according to the types of faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and water gushing required for the test, adjust the fault plate 14 and the water pipe to the corresponding positions and angles. Then, prepare the geological materials according to a predetermined ratio for constructing different target strata. Along the tunneling direction on the fault plate 14, a plurality of geophones 15 are arranged, velocity sensors 16 are respectively arranged along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions on the fault plate 14, and ICP sensors 17 are arranged in the stress concentration area or section of the fault plate 14 to simulate the seismic method while tunneling.

[0077] S3: Shield machine simulation and construction

[0078] In the groove 241 of the cutter head 24, an electrode hole is arranged every 23 mm, with a total of 17 electrode holes. Electrodes 26 are installed in the electrode holes to simulate the electrical method while tunneling. Three coils of electromagnetic coils 25 electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged on the shield body 23 to simulate the transient electromagnetic method while tunneling. A vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the side of the cutter head 24 away from the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1 to collect the vibration during the rock breaking process of the hob on the cutter head 24 in real time.

[0079] S5: Tunneling, data collection and processing

[0080] The drive assembly 234 in the shield body 23 drives the cutter head 24 to rotate, moves on the base 21 and tunnels into the fault plate 14 of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform 1. During the tunneling process, data is collected through the seismic method while tunneling in S2, the electrical method while tunneling, the transient electromagnetic method while tunneling, and the vibration acceleration sensor in S3 and sent to the data processing system for storage and analysis to complete the simulation of the construction environment of the shield machine in the coal mine roadway.

[0081] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0082] The above-described embodiments only represent the implementation manners of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway, characterized in that: It includes a multi-modal geological environment simulation platform, a shield machine intelligent simulation platform and a data processing system; The multi-modal geological environment simulation platform includes a base, a hydraulic telescopic mechanism, a water pipe, a fixing frame, a fault plate, a wireless geophone, a speed sensor, and an ICP sensor. Multiple groups of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms, water pipes, and fixing frames are arranged on the base. Multiple fault plates corresponding to the number of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms are arranged in parallel in the fixing frame. The telescopic end of each group of hydraulic telescopic mechanisms is correspondingly connected to one layer of the fault plate. The output end of the water pipe extends into the fault plate correspondingly to simulate a water-rich area, water inrush, and gushing water. Multiple geophones electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged on the fault plate along the tunneling direction. Speed sensors electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged on the fault plate along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions respectively. An ICP sensor electrically connected to the data processing system is arranged at the stress concentration area or section of the fault plate; The shield machine intelligent simulation platform includes a base, a shield body, a cutter head, electromagnetic coils, vibration acceleration sensors, and electrodes. A shield body capable of tunneling towards the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform is arranged on the base. A cutter head is arranged at the end of the shield body close to the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform. Multiple circles of electromagnetic coils electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged on the shield body at intervals. A vibration acceleration sensor electrically connected to the data processing system is installed on the side of the cutter head away from the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform. Two groups of grooves are arranged along the diameter direction of the cutter head on the side of the cutter head close to the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform. The two groups of grooves are symmetrically arranged with the center of the cutter head. Multiple electrodes electrically connected to the data processing system are arranged at intervals in the grooves.

2. The test platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein: Multiple hydraulic legs and universal wheels are also arranged at the bottom of the base.

3. The test platform for simulating the roadway construction of a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein: A water tank communicated with the water pipe is arranged inside the base.

4. A test platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine, characterized in that: The fixing frame includes support columns, a fixing shell, and a top loading component. Four support columns are respectively vertically fixed at the four corner ends of the upper part of the base. A detachable fixing shell is installed between adjacent support columns. The top loading component with a temperature control sensor and a moisture sensor installed inside is placed in the top fixing shell and extends into the fault plate.

5. The test platform for simulating the roadway construction of a shield machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A heating plate is installed inside the fixing shell.

6. The test platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shield body is slidably arranged on the base.

7. An experimental platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine, characterized in that: The shield body includes an outer sleeve, an annular fixing ring, a first dust-proof plate, and a transmission component. The cross-section of the outer sleeve is circular. The cutter head is arranged at one end of the outer sleeve. Three annular fixing rings are arranged at intervals on the inner wall of the outer sleeve to support the outer sleeve. A first dust-proof plate is arranged at the end of the outer sleeve close to the cutter head. A transmission component is arranged inside the outer sleeve. The output end of the transmission component passes through the first dust-proof plate and is connected to the cutter head.

8. An experimental platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine, characterized in that: A glass window is opened on the outer sleeve.

9. The test platform for simulating the construction of a roadway by a shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum cleaner and a nozzle are also arranged on the side of the cutter head close to the shield body.

10. An experimental method for a test platform simulating the construction of a shield machine roadway according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1: Leveling treatment of the test platform According to the surface flatness of the test site, level the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform and the shield machine intelligent simulation platform respectively; S2: Construction of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform First, according to the types of faults, fracture zones, water-rich areas, water inrush, and water gushing required for the test, adjust the fault plate and water pipes to the corresponding positions and angles, and then prepare the geological materials according to a predetermined ratio for constructing different target strata; and arrange a plurality of geophones along the tunneling direction on the fault plate, arrange velocity sensors along the horizontal transverse, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical directions on the fault plate respectively, and arrange ICP sensors in the stress concentration area or section of the fault plate for simulating the seismic method during tunneling; S3: Shield machine simulation setup A plurality of electrodes are arranged at intervals in the grooves of the cutter head for simulating the electrical method during tunneling; multiple turns of electromagnetic coils are arranged at intervals on the shield body for simulating the transient electromagnetic method during tunneling; and a vibration acceleration sensor is installed on the side of the cutter head away from the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform to collect the vibration during the rock breaking process of the rolling cutter on the cutter head in real time; S5: Tunneling and data acquisition and processing The shield body drives the cutter head to rotate, moves on the base and tunnels into the fault plate of the multi-modal geological environment simulation platform. During the tunneling process, data is collected through the seismic method during tunneling in S2, the electrical method during tunneling, the transient electromagnetic method during tunneling, and the vibration acceleration sensor in S3 and sent to the data processing system for storage and analysis.

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