A method for manufacturing a wheel made of high-strength and high-hardness steel

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, which relates to the technical field of wheel processing. The present invention adopts zinc-nickel-molybdenum-copper-aluminum composite alloy steel as the wheel raw material, and gives full play to the characteristics, functions and composite functions of each element of the steel-making raw material by optimizing the ratio, so as to prepare an alloy steel with excellent performance, so as to obtain a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The present invention undergoes three rolling processes and two heat treatments. Through each treatment, it can more accurately optimize the shape of each part of the wheel, thereby obtaining a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The three rolling and heat treatments work synergistically, while improving the effect of the rolling process, the pinholes and looseness on the wheel surface are pressure-filled, thereby eliminating defects and improving the strength and hardness of the steel wheel. Compared with the existing technology, the quality of the formed wheel is more guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wheel processing, and in particular to a method for manufacturing a wheel made of high-strength and high-hardness steel. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country's vehicle fleet has become increasingly high-speed and heavy-loaded, leading to increasingly stringent environmental and safety requirements. Wheels support the entire vehicle's weight, so they cannot be designed with spare or protective components. They require absolute reliability, and wheel strength is particularly crucial. While strength is fundamental, wear resistance, high hardness, and high strength are also of particular concern from the perspective of performance optimization. Furthermore, wheels are consumable parts, so their service life and maintenance costs determine the economic viability of production costs.

[0003] At present, the tensile strength of steel used for load-bearing wheels at home and abroad is mainly 490MPa and below, and the hardness is relatively low. The B-grade steel wheels supplied to Europe and America must meet the outer rim surface hardness of 302-341HB. This specification requires an overall high hardness and a narrow hardness range, and the domestic process for producing steel wheels cannot meet the hardness range requirements. Therefore, the wheels produced by domestic enterprises are restricted from being exported to some countries in Europe and America, which restricts the development of domestic enterprises. The present invention can achieve the purpose of improving the strength and hardness of the wheel by increasing the carbon content of the wheel steel grade, but it is bound to reduce the plasticity and toughness of the wheel, thereby affecting the safety performance of the wheel. By adding mechanized alloy powder, combined with rolling treatment and heat treatment alternately, the abnormal structure near the surface can be controlled or eliminated while ensuring the strength and hardness level inside the rim. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding the spokes and the rim together, and the welding is performed by submerged arc welding, and the parameters are: welding current: welding current 540A-570A, welding voltage 34V-38V, dry sticking length 15mm-20mm, welding speed 80 seconds / revolution-90 seconds / revolution, and the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0006] (1) Use a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; use a butt welding machine to weld the butt joints on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, with the following conditions: preheating distance 2mm~5mm, flash distance 4mm~6mm, upsetting distance 5mm~7mm, live upsetting time 0.1s~0.5s, preheating current 430A~450A, upsetting pressure 5MPa~8MPa, and then use a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; use a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; use an end cutting machine to remove the weld slag at both ends of the weld; and then perform flaring.

[0007] (2) Perform the first rolling process on the expanded component;

[0008] (3) The components after the first rolling process are subjected to the first heat treatment at 900-1050 ° C for 1.5-2.5 hours in a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water spray cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5-10.

[0009] (4) Perform a second rolling process on the components after the first heat treatment;

[0010] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 600-700 ° C for 4-6 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0011] (6) Perform a third rolling process on the components after the second heat treatment;

[0012] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0013] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0014] S1. Molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder are mechanically alloyed in a ball mill under argon protection in a mass ratio of 0.25-0.5:0.9-1.3:2.2-3.0 to obtain alloy powder.

[0015] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spray temperature of 1340-1380°C, the carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05-0.40% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5-1.5MPa, the alloy powder and gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.1-1, after the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1585-1595°C, kept for 1h, cooled to 1340-1400°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed;

[0016] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0017] S4. The slab is heated to 1180-1250°C and subjected to rough rolling and finish rolling to obtain a steel plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the maximum thickness of the rim is less than or equal to 4.50 mm, and the maximum thickness of the spoke is less than or equal to 12.00 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the expansion process in step (1) adopts expansion expansion, and the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, so as to reduce the amount of plastic expansion as much as possible and control the expansion amount within 5 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the spokes are made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process.

[0022] Furthermore, the ball-to-material ratio used in the mechanical alloying treatment in S1 is 8-10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set to 400 r / min, and the ball milling time is 20-40 h.

[0023] Furthermore, the composition of the molten steel in S2 includes C≤0.65wt%, S≤0.05wt%, Mn≤0.5wt%, Si≤0.5wt%, P≤0.025wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1280-1350℃.

[0024] Furthermore, the aluminum-argon composite injection in S2 uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10-50, the argon pressure is 0.5-1.5 MPa, the injection time is 5-15 minutes, and the argon flow rate is 50 L / min.

[0025] Furthermore, the aluminum vapor uses aluminum wire as a raw material, and the aluminum wire is melted instantly to generate aluminum vapor in a vacuum environment.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The present invention uses zinc-nickel-molybdenum-aluminum composite alloy steel as the wheel raw material, and optimizes the ratio to give full play to the characteristics, functions and composite effects of each element of the steelmaking raw material to prepare an alloy steel with excellent performance, so as to obtain a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel.

[0028] (2) The present invention undergoes three rolling processes and two heat treatments. Each time, the shape of each part of the wheel can be optimized more accurately, thereby obtaining a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The three rolling processes and the heat treatments work together to improve the effect of the rolling process while applying pressure to fill the pinholes and looseness on the wheel surface, thereby eliminating defects and improving the strength and hardness of the steel wheel. Compared with the existing technology, the quality of the formed wheel is more guaranteed. (3) The zinc-nickel-molybdenum-aluminum composite alloy steel independently developed by the present invention first mechanically alloys molybdenum oxide with zinc powder and nickel powder to obtain alloy powder, which can reduce the melting loss of zinc and molybdenum elements in the later smelting. The present invention sprays the molten steel, and the argon carrier gas forms an air flow stirring, which is conducive to the uniform dispersion of the alloy powder in the molten steel. In the spraying process, by designing the alloy powder ratio, the argon gas forms a gas protection film on the surface of the alloy powder, and then by increasing the temperature, the alloy powder and the molten steel are fully melted and combined, effectively improving the mechanical strength and hardness of the wheel, and improving the applicability and durability of the steel wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding a spoke and a rim together, using submerged arc welding, with the following parameters: welding current: 540A, welding voltage: 34V, dry extension: 15mm, welding speed: 80 seconds / revolution, the spoke is made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0031] (1) Using a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and using a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; using a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, the following are: preheating distance 2mm, flash distance 4mm, upsetting distance 5mm, live upsetting time 0.1s, preheating current 430A, upsetting pressure 5MPa, and then using a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; using a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; using an end cutting machine to cut off the weld slag at both ends of the weld; then performing flaring treatment, using an expansion type flaring, the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, and the amount of plastic expansion is reduced as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate;

[0032] (2) The components after expansion are subjected to the first rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0033] (3) The components after the first rolling process are subjected to the first heat treatment at 900 ° C for 1.5 hours in a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water spray cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen and argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5.

[0034] (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0035] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 600 ° C for 6 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0036] (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0037] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0038] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0039] S1. Molybdenum oxide (500 μm in particle size), zinc powder (0.1 mm in particle size), and nickel powder (0.1 mm in particle size) were milled in a jar under argon protection for mechanical alloying at a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1. Stainless steel balls were used as the milling medium at a speed of 400 rpm until the average particle size reached 100 μm, yielding an alloy powder.

[0040] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1340°C. After the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1585°C, held for 1h, cooled to 1340°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.65wt%, S0.05wt%, Mn 0.5wt%, Si 0.5wt%, P 0.025wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the molten steel temperature is 1300°C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5MPa, and the alloy powder to gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.1; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor and argon is 1:10, the argon pressure is 0.5MPa, and the spraying time is 5min;

[0041] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0042] S4. The slab is heated to 1180°C and subjected to rough rolling in five passes, with a single-pass reduction of 20%. The rough-rolled slab is then subjected to finish rolling, with the start and end temperatures of the finish rolling controlled at 1030°C and 820°C, to obtain a steel plate.

[0043] Example 2: A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding a spoke and a rim together, using submerged arc welding, with the following parameters: welding current: 550A, welding voltage: 36V, dry extension: 15mm, welding speed: 80 seconds / revolution, the spoke is made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0044] (1) Using a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and using a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; using a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, the following are: preheating distance 3mm, flash distance 5mm, upsetting distance 6mm, live upsetting time 0.2s, preheating current 440A, upsetting pressure 6MPa, and then using a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; using a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; using an end cutting machine to cut off the weld slag at both ends of the weld; then performing flaring treatment, using an expansion type flaring, the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, and the amount of plastic expansion is minimized as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate;

[0045] (2) The components after expansion are subjected to the first rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0046] (3) The first heat treatment is performed on the components after the first rolling process. The heat treatment is performed at 937 ° C for 1.5 hours in a nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen and argon in the nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere is 1:6.

[0047] (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0048] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 625°C for 4 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0049] (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0050] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0051] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0052] S1. Molybdenum oxide (575 μm in diameter), zinc powder (0.1 mm in diameter), and nickel powder (1 mm in diameter) were milled in a jar under argon protection for mechanical alloying at a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1. Stainless steel balls were used as the milling medium at a speed of 400 rpm until the average particle size reached 100 μm, yielding an alloy powder.

[0053] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1350°C. After the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1585°C, held for 1h, cooled to 1355°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.56wt%, S 0.023wt%, Mn 0.42wt%, Si 0.38wt%, P 0.015wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the molten steel temperature is 1300°C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.13% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5MPa, and the alloy powder to gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.3; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor and argon is 1:20, the argon pressure is 0.5MPa, and the spraying time is 5min;

[0054] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0055] S4. The slab is heated to 1197°C and subjected to rough rolling in five passes, with a single-pass reduction of 20%. The rough-rolled slab is subjected to finish rolling, with the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 1030°C and the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 820°C, to obtain a steel plate.

[0056] Example 3: A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding the spokes and the rim together, using submerged arc welding, with the following parameters: welding current: 560A, welding voltage: 36V, dry extension: 20mm, welding speed: 90 seconds / revolution, the spokes are made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0057] (1) Using a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and using a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; using a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, the following are: preheating distance 5mm, flash distance 6mm, upsetting distance 6mm, live upsetting time 0.3s, preheating current 440A, upsetting pressure 8MPa, and then using a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; using a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; using an end cutting machine to cut off the weld slag at both ends of the weld; then performing flaring treatment, using an expansion type flaring, the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, and the amount of plastic expansion is minimized as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate;

[0058] (2) The components after expansion are subjected to the first rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0059] (3) The first heat treatment is performed on the components after the first rolling process. The heat treatment is performed at 975 ° C for 2 hours in a nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water spray cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen and argon in the nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere is 1:7.5.

[0060] (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0061] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 650 ° C for 5 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0062] (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0063] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0064] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0065] S1. Molybdenum oxide (650 μm in diameter), zinc powder (0.55 mm in diameter), and nickel powder (1 mm in diameter) were milled in a 9:1 ball-to-material ratio under argon protection at a speed of 400 rpm to an average particle size of 100 μm to obtain an alloy powder.

[0066] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1360°C. After the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1590°C, held for 1h, cooled to 1360°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.58wt%, S0.01wt%, Mn 0.5wt%, Si 0.18wt%, P 0.025wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the molten steel temperature is 1350°C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.22% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 1.0MPa, and the alloy powder to gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.55; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor and argon is 1:30, the argon pressure is 1.0MPa, and the spraying time is 10min;

[0067] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0068] S4. The slab is heated to 1215°C and subjected to rough rolling in five passes, with a single-pass reduction of 20%. The rough-rolled slab is subjected to finish rolling, with the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 1030°C and the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 845°C, to obtain a steel plate.

[0069] Example 4: A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding a spoke and a rim together, using submerged arc welding, with the following parameters: welding current: 570A, welding voltage: 38V, dry extension: 20mm, welding speed: 90 seconds / revolution, the spoke is made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0070] (1) Using a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and using a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; using a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, the following are: preheating distance 5mm, flash distance 6mm, upsetting distance 7mm, live upsetting time 0.5s, preheating current 450A, upsetting pressure 8MPa, and then using a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; using a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; using an end cutting machine to cut off the weld slag at both ends of the weld; then performing flaring treatment, using an expansion type flaring, the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, and the amount of plastic expansion is minimized as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate;

[0071] (2) The components after expansion are subjected to the first rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0072] (3) The first heat treatment is performed on the components after the first rolling process. The heat treatment is performed at 1012 ° C for 2.5 hours in a nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen and argon in the nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere is 1:8.

[0073] (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0074] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 675°C for 6 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0075] (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0076] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0077] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0078] S1. Molybdenum oxide (725 μm in diameter), zinc powder (0.1 mm in diameter), and nickel powder (0.7 mm in diameter) were milled in a jar under argon atmosphere for mechanical alloying at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 using stainless steel balls at a speed of 400 rpm to an average particle size of 100 μm, yielding an alloy powder.

[0079] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1380°C. After the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1595°C, held for 1h, cooled to 1385°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.60wt%, S0.05wt%, Mn 0.44wt%, Si 0.5wt%, P 0.011wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the molten steel temperature is 1350°C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.31% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 1.5MPa, and the alloy powder to gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.7; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor and argon is 1:10, the argon pressure is 1.5MPa, and the spraying time is 15min;

[0080] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0081] S4. The slab is heated to 1250°C and subjected to rough rolling in five passes, with a single-pass reduction of 20%. The rough-rolled slab is subjected to finish rolling, with the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 1030°C and the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 870°C, to obtain a steel plate.

[0082] Example 5: A method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding the spokes and the rim together, using submerged arc welding, with the following parameters: welding current: 570A, welding voltage: 38V, dry extension: 20mm, welding speed: 90 seconds / revolution, the spokes are made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim comprises the following preparation steps:

[0083] (1) Using a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specifications, and using a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; using a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, the following are: preheating distance 5mm, flash distance 6mm, upsetting distance 7mm, live upsetting time 0.5s, preheating current 450A, upsetting pressure 8MPa, and then using a slag planer to plane the weld extrudate of the round tube material; using a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; using an end cutting machine to cut off the weld slag at both ends of the weld; then performing flaring treatment, using an expansion type flaring, the expansion die is designed with a rebound coefficient of 0.15%, and the amount of plastic expansion is minimized as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate;

[0084] (2) The components after expansion are subjected to the first rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0085] (3) The first heat treatment is performed on the components after the first rolling process. The heat treatment is performed at 1050 ° C for 2.5 hours in a nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, water cooling is performed for 300 seconds. The volume ratio of nitrogen and argon in the nitrogen and argon mixed atmosphere is 1:10.

[0086] (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0087] (5) The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 700 ° C for 6 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air;

[0088] (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling process using a rolling machine;

[0089] (7) Expand and shape the components after the third rolling process, and use the mold to expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product size;

[0090] The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows:

[0091] S1. Molybdenum oxide (800 μm in diameter), zinc powder (0.1 mm in diameter), and nickel powder (1 mm in diameter) were milled in a jar under argon protection for mechanical alloying at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 using stainless steel balls at a speed of 400 rpm to a 100 μm average particle size.

[0092] S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1380°C. After the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1595°C, held for 1h, and then cooled to 1400°C for aluminum-argon composite spraying; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.65wt%, S0.05wt%, Mn 0.5wt%, Si 0.5wt%, P 0.025wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the molten steel temperature is 1350°C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.40% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 1.5MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow during the spraying process is 1; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor and argon is 1:25, the argon pressure is 1.5MPa, and the spraying time is 15min;

[0093] S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab;

[0094] S4. The slab is heated to 1250°C and subjected to rough rolling in five passes, with a single-pass reduction of 20%. The rough-rolled slab is subjected to finish rolling, with the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 1030°C and the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling controlled at 870°C, to obtain a steel plate.

[0095] Comparative Example 1; The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that nickel powder is not added, and the remaining steps and ingredients are the same as Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 2; The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Implementation 1 is that nickel powder is not added, and the alloy powder is added in the form of direct addition rather than spraying. The remaining steps and ingredients are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 3; The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that molybdenum oxide is not added, and the remaining steps and ingredients are the same as Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 4: The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that zinc powder is not added, and the remaining steps and ingredients are the same as Example 1.

[0099] Comparative Example 5; The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the molybdenum oxide, zinc powder and nickel powder are not subjected to mechanical alloying treatment, but are directly mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed powder, which is then subjected to a blowing treatment. The remaining steps and ingredients are the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 6; The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder are not subjected to mechanical alloying treatment, but are directly mixed to obtain a mixed powder, and are added in the form of direct addition without spraying. The remaining steps and ingredients are the same as in Example 1.

[0101] Comparative Example 7: The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Example 1 is that the first heat treatment is not performed, and the remaining steps and ingredients are the same as Example 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 8: The difference between Comparative Example 8 and Example 1 is that the second heat treatment is not performed, and the remaining steps and ingredients are the same as Example 1.

[0103] Comparative Example 9: The difference between Comparative Example 9 and Example 1 is that aluminum-argon composite blowing is not performed, and the remaining steps and components are the same as Example 1.

[0104] Effect Examples The following Table 1 shows the performance analysis results of the wheel rims using Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 9.

[0105] Table 1

[0106] The present invention utilizes zinc-nickel-molybdenum-aluminum composite alloy steel as the wheel raw material. By optimizing the ratio, the properties, functions, and combined effects of the various elements in the steelmaking raw material are fully utilized to produce an alloy steel with excellent performance, resulting in a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The present invention undergoes three rolling processes and two heat treatments. Each process enables more precise shape optimization of various wheel components, thereby achieving a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The three rolling and heat treatments synergistically enhance the effectiveness of the rolling process while also applying pressure to fill pinholes and loose surfaces on the wheel surface, thereby eliminating defects and improving the strength and hardness of the steel wheel. Compared to the prior art, the quality of the formed wheel is more guaranteed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be encompassed. Any sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a wheel made of high-strength and high-hardness steel, wherein the wheel is formed by welding the spokes and the rim together, characterized in that: The rim comprises the following preparation steps: (1) Perform round butt welding on the blanked steel plates; (2) Pre-processing the components to be rolled butt welded; (3) Perform the first rolling process on the pre-treated components; (4) Perform the first heat treatment on the components after the first rolling process; (5) Perform a second rolling process on the components after the first heat treatment; (6) Perform a second heat treatment on the components after the second rolling process; (7) Perform a third rolling process on the components after the second heat treatment; (8) Expand and reshape the components after the third rolling process; The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows: S1. Molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder are mechanically alloyed in a ball mill under argon protection in a mass ratio of 0.25-0.5:0.9-1.3:2.2-3.0 to obtain alloy powder. S2. The alloy powder is sprayed into the molten steel at a spray temperature of 1340-1380°C, the carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05-0.40% by weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5-1.5MPa, the alloy powder and gas flow ratio during the spraying process is 0.1-1, after the spraying is completed, the temperature is raised to 1585-1595°C, kept for 1h, cooled to 1340-1400°C, and aluminum-argon composite spraying is performed; S3. After the aluminum-argon composite injection is completed, the heat is kept still for 30 minutes, the slag is removed, and the continuous casting is performed to obtain a slab; S4. The slab is heated to 1180-1250°C and subjected to rough rolling and finish rolling to obtain a steel plate.

2. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spokes are made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process.

3. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment in step (2) includes slagging, roller pressing, port grinding, and port flaring.

4. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball-to-material ratio used in the mechanical alloying treatment in S1 is 8-10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and the ball milling time is 20-40 h.

5. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the alloy powder in S1 is 100 μm.

6. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition of the molten steel in S2 includes C≤0.65wt%, S≤0.05wt%, Mn≤0.5wt%, Si≤0.5wt%, P≤0.025wt%, and the remainder is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1280-1350℃.

7. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum-argon composite injection in S2 uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10-50, the argon pressure is 0.5-1.5 MPa, and the injection time is 5-15 minutes.

8. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first heat treatment in step (4) is as follows: heat treatment at 900-1050°C for 1.5-2.5h in a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, and after the heat treatment is completed, water spray cooling for 300s, wherein the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5-10.

9. The method for manufacturing a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat treatment in step (6) is: heat treatment at 600-700°C for 4-6 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature in air.

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