Tunneling trolley suitable for weak surrounding rock zone and tunneling method

Abstract

The invention provides a tunneling trolley suitable for a weak surrounding rock zone and a tunneling method, relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and mainly aims at solving the problem that in the prior art, the weak surrounding rock zone cannot be constructed through a drilling and blasting method. The tunneling trolley is mainly composed of a crawler chassis, a bottom hole drilling device, symmetrically-arranged telescopic arms, a longitudinal sliding plate and an empty groove belt milling device, the empty groove belt milling device can mill an empty groove belt on a tunnel face along a tunnel arch face, and the empty groove belt can effectively isolate damage to the stability of surrounding rock caused by the extrusion effect generated by blasting. In addition, due to the fact that the hollow groove belt milling device is used for milling along the arch face of the tunnel, the tunnel face is formed regularly, and the phenomena of undercut and over-cut are avoided. According to the tunneling method, the measures such as separated construction of the left tunnel face and the right tunnel face, short footage, temporary support building in advance and arch face closing as early as possible are adopted, construction safety is guaranteed to the maximum extent, tunneling efficiency is considered, and the tunneling method is particularly suitable for construction of weak surrounding rock zones.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas and a tunnel tunneling method, belonging to the technical field of tunnel construction. Background Technique

[0002] In the prior art, the most commonly used tunneling method in tunnel construction is the drill and blast method, which relies on drilling, charging, and blasting to excavate rocks. The advantages of the drill and blast method are wide application range, strong adaptability, low energy consumption, low cost, and high tunneling efficiency. The disadvantages of the drill and blast method are mainly reflected in two aspects: First, although various low-disturbance blasting schemes are adopted, the extrusion effect generated by blasting will still have an irreparable impact on the stability of the surrounding rock; second, the tunnel face is irregularly formed, and under-excavation and over-excavation phenomena will occur.

[0003] For a long time, soft surrounding rock areas have always been a difficult point in tunnel construction. At present, some tunnels of a certain tunnel project need to pass through soft surrounding rock areas. Due to the insufficient self-stability of the soft surrounding rock, if the drill and blast method is used for tunneling, there will be risks of collapse and roof fall. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tunneling equipment applicable to soft surrounding rock areas and improve the existing tunnel tunneling method according to the functions of the tunneling equipment.

[0004] References: Research on the Application of Compound Wedge Cut in Large Cross-section Tunnel Tunneling Blasting, Volume 2, June 2024 Application of Roadheader in Small Cross-section Hydraulic Tunnel Construction Hongshui River, Volume 2, June 2024 Chinese Patent CN107355230B Gantry Rock Drilling Tunneling Jumbo Chinese Patent CN114635705A Rock Drilling Jumbo and Construction Method of Rock Drilling Jumbo Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the background technique, the present invention discloses a tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas and a tunnel tunneling method, and its purposes are: 1. Isolate the influence of the extrusion effect generated by blasting on the stability of the surrounding rock; 2. Ensure that the tunnel face is regularly formed and there will be no under-excavation and over-excavation phenomena.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas, comprising: A crawler chassis provided with a longitudinal guide rail and a hydraulic lifting support; A bottom hole drilling device disposed on the longitudinal guide rail and slidable longitudinally under the drive of power for drilling large-diameter bottom holes on the heading face; A pair of telescopic arms are respectively hinged on both sides of the crawler chassis. The telescopic arms can be rotated within the cross-section of the tunnel by the drive of the first oil cylinder. A longitudinal slide plate is hinged at the telescopic end of the telescopic arm. The longitudinal slide plate can be rotated within the cross-section of the tunnel by the drive of the second oil cylinder. An empty groove milling device is used to mill an empty groove belt that can isolate the blasting extrusion effect along the tunnel arch surface on the heading face. It mainly consists of a slide table, a motor, a reducer, and a milling cutter bar. The slide table is arranged on the longitudinal slide plate and can slide longitudinally under the drive of power. A support arm for supporting the cantilever end of the milling cutter bar is arranged on the slide table.

[0007] A preferred improved technical solution: The milling cutter bar is axially provided with multiple sections of equally spaced slag discharge annular grooves. During milling, the milling cutter bar reciprocates axially under the drive of power.

[0008] A preferred improved technical solution: The milling cutter bar has a spiral milling edge and a chip removal groove. When milling with axial feed, the motor drives the milling cutter bar to rotate forward; when milling with axial retraction, the motor drives the milling cutter bar to rotate backward.

[0009] A preferred improved technical solution: The diameter of the milling cutter bar is 200 - 300 mm, and the diameter of the bottom hole is 400 - 600 mm.

[0010] A tunneling method applicable to soft surrounding rock areas includes the following steps: S1: Advanced support; S2: Level the crawler chassis through hydraulic lifting support, and then use the bottom hole drilling device to drill three bottom holes on the left, middle, and right on the heading face. S3: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the middle bottom hole and mill the middle line empty groove belt upward; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the middle line empty groove belt to discharge the milled slag stones from the middle line empty groove belt. S4: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the left bottom hole and mill the left arched empty groove belt along the tunnel arch surface until it intersects with the middle line empty groove belt; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the left arched empty groove belt to discharge the milled slag stones from the left arched empty groove belt. S5: Place temporary support in the left arched empty groove belt, then drill holes, charge, and blast the left heading face, and reinforce the temporary support after slag discharge. S6: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the right bottom hole and mill the right arched empty groove belt along the tunnel arch surface until it communicates with the left arched empty groove belt; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the right arched empty groove belt to discharge the milled slag stones from the right arched empty groove belt. S7: Place temporary support in the right arched empty groove belt, then drill holes, charge, and blast the right heading face, and reinforce the temporary support after slag discharge. S8: Repeat the above steps until the tunneling of one segment length is completed.

[0011] Preferred improved technical solution: The advanced support includes advanced pipe roofs and advanced grouting small pipes.

[0012] Preferred improved technical solution: Each segment is tunneled in four times, with each tunneling being 3 meters.

[0013] Preferred improved technical solution: The temporary support includes prefabricated arched steel plates, jack rods and jacks.

[0014] After implementing the above technical solution, compared with the background technology, the beneficial effects produced by the present invention are: The tunneling jumbo of the present invention can mill an empty groove belt along the tunnel arch surface on the working face, and this empty groove belt can effectively isolate the damage caused by the extrusion effect generated by blasting to the surrounding rock stability. Compared with other drilling methods, milling has less vibration and will not affect the stability of the surrounding rock. In addition, since it is milled along the arch surface of the tunnel, the tunnel surface is formed regularly and there will be no under-excavation and over-excavation phenomena.

[0015] The tunnel tunneling method of the present invention adopts measures such as separate construction of the left and right working faces, short advance footage, early erection of temporary support, and early realization of arch surface closure, which maximally ensures the construction safety and takes into account the tunneling efficiency, and is especially suitable for tunneling construction in soft surrounding rock areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG Figure 1 shows the overall structural schematic diagram of the tunneling jumbo from one perspective.

[0017] FIG Figure 2 shows the overall structural schematic diagram of the tunneling jumbo from another perspective.

[0018] FIG Figure 3 shows the structural schematic diagram of the crawler chassis.

[0019] FIG Figure 4 shows the structural schematic diagram of the bottom hole drilling device.

[0020] FIG Figure 5 shows the structural schematic diagram of the telescopic arm.

[0021] FIG Figure 6 shows the structural schematic diagram of the longitudinal sliding plate.

[0022] FIG Figure 7 shows the structural schematic diagram of the empty groove belt milling device.

[0023] FIG Figure 8 shows the structural schematic diagram of the milling cutter bar.

[0024] Appendix Figure 9 The figure shows a schematic diagram of axial milling of a milling cutter bar.

[0025] Appendix Figures 10 - 17 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the present tunnel boring method. Accompanying drawings

[0026] 1. Crawler chassis; 11. Platform; 12. Crawler travel device; 13. Hydraulic lifting support; 14. Front support frame; 15. Longitudinal guide rail; 16. Gantry hinge frame; 2. Bottom hole drilling device; 21. Bottom hole cutter head; 22. Drill pipe; 23. Drill rig; 24. Jacking oil cylinder; 3. Telescopic arm; 31. Shovel hinge frame; 4. First oil cylinder; 5. Longitudinal slide plate; 51. Dovetail guide rail; 52. Lead screw; 53. Longitudinal feed motor; 6. Second oil cylinder; 7. Empty groove belt milling device; 71. Slide table; 72. Support arm; 73. Milling motor; 74. Reducer; 75. Milling cutter bar; 751. Slag discharge ring groove; 81. Face; 82. Advanced pipe shed; 83. Advanced grouting small pipe; 84. Bottom hole; 85. Middle line empty groove belt; 86. Left arched empty groove belt; 87. Right arched empty groove belt; 88. Slag discharge conveyor belt; 89. Temporary support; 90. Blasthole. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] The following describes the preferred implementation modes of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these preferred implementation modes are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating directions or position relationships, are based on the directions or position relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation and position relationship. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. It should also be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the communication inside two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0028] A tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas, which relates to the field of tunnel construction technology and is mainly used to solve the problem that the drill and blast method cannot be used in soft surrounding rock areas in the prior art. The following specifically describes the composition structure and working principle of this tunneling jumbo.

[0029] Refer to the appendix Figure 1 and the appendix Figure 2 This tunneling jumbo mainly consists of a crawler chassis 1, a bottom hole drilling device 2, symmetrically arranged telescopic arms 3, a longitudinal slide plate 5, and a grooved milling device 7.

[0030] Refer to the appendix Figure 3 The crawler chassis 1 has a platform 11 and a crawler traveling device 12, and the crawler traveling device 12 is suitable for traveling in a newly excavated tunnel. Hydraulic lifting supports 13 are arranged at the four corners of the platform 11, and the function of the hydraulic lifting supports 13 is to suspend and support the crawler chassis 1 to make the platform 11 in a horizontal state. A front support frame 14, a gantry hinge frame 16, and a pair of longitudinal guide rails 15 are arranged in the middle part of the platform 11.

[0031] Refer to the appendix Figure 4 The bottom hole drilling device 2 mainly consists of a bottom hole cutter head 21, a drill pipe 22, a drill rig 23, and a pair of jacking cylinders 24. Among them, the drill rig 23 is arranged on the longitudinal guide rail 15, and the drill pipe 22 is supported on the front support frame 14. Under the action of the jacking cylinders 24, the drill rig 23 can drive the bottom hole cutter head 21 to move longitudinally along the tunnel. The function of the bottom hole drilling device 2 is to drill large-diameter bottom holes on the heading face to prepare for subsequent milling.

[0032] Refer to the appendix Figure 5 A pair of telescopic arms 3 (three-stage telescopic) are respectively hinged on both sides of the gantry hinge frame 16, and a shovel-type hinge frame 31 is welded at the telescopic end of the telescopic arm 3. A first oil cylinder 4 (four-stage oil cylinder) is hinged between the telescopic arm 3 and the platform 11, and the first oil cylinder 4 is used to drive the telescopic arm 3 to rotate at a large angle in the cross-section of the tunnel.

[0033] Refer to the appendix Figure 6 A longitudinal slide plate 5 is hinged at the end of the shovel-type hinge frame 31, and a second oil cylinder 6 is hinged between the shovel-type hinge frame 31 and the longitudinal slide plate 5. The second oil cylinder 6 is used to drive the longitudinal slide plate 5 to rotate in the cross-section of the tunnel. On the longitudinal slide plate 5, a dovetail guide rail 51, a lead screw 52, and a longitudinal feed motor 53 are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0034] Refer to the appendix Figure 7。The grooveless belt milling device 7 mainly consists of a slide table 71, a milling motor 73, a speed reducer 74, and a milling cutter bar 75. Among them, the slide table 71 is installed on the dovetail guide rail 51 and can slide longitudinally under the drive of the lead screw 52 and the longitudinal feed motor 53. A support arm 72 for supporting the cantilever end of the milling cutter bar 75 is provided on the slide table 71. The function of the grooveless belt milling device 7 is to mill a grooveless belt along the tunnel arch surface on the heading face, and this grooveless belt can effectively isolate the damage caused by the extrusion effect generated by blasting to the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0035] Refer again to the appendix Figure 1 and the appendix Figure 2 。Since the telescopic arm 3 is telescopic, it can drive the grooveless belt milling device 7 to move along the arch surface of the tunnel under the drive of the first oil cylinder 4. The function of the second oil cylinder 6 is to flip the grooveless belt milling device 7 so that the milling cutter bar always faces the rock milling surface, enabling the support arm, the slide table, and the longitudinal slide plate 5 to be in an unobstructed space to avoid movement interference. Since the grooveless belt milling device 7 adopts a vibration-free milling mode, it basically has no impact on the stability of the soft surrounding rock. Moreover, since the milling cutter bar mills along the tunnel arch surface, the tunnel surface is formed regularly without undercutting and overexcavation phenomena.

[0036] The design and manufacturing difficulties of this tunneling jumbo lie in: 1. The grooveless belt milling device needs to move along the already excavated tunnel surface. Limited by space, structural strength, and motor power, the milling cutter bar is only suitable for radial segmented milling and not for axial deep hole drilling.

[0037] 2. The cantilever of the milling cutter bar is too long, and only a support arm can be used to improve the rigidity of the milling cutter bar; if a support arm is to be installed, the drilling problem of the milling cutter bar needs to be solved first.

[0038] 3. The traditional milling cutter bar only has spiral chip removal grooves, with insufficient space and difficult chip removal.

[0039] For difficulties 1 and 2, using a bottom hole drilling device to drill bottom holes can solve the problem that the milling cutter bar needs to enter the rock first before milling. In this embodiment, the diameter of the milling cutter bar is 300 mm, and the effective milling depth is 3 meters. The diameter of the bottom hole cutter head is 600 mm, and the effective drilling depth is 3 meters.

[0040] Refer to the appendix Figure 8 。For difficulty 3, multiple axially equidistant chip removal ring grooves 751 are provided on the milling cutter bar 75. The chip removal ring grooves 751 have two functions: one is to reduce the milling surface, which helps to reduce the overall structural strength and motor power; the other is to increase the chip removal space, which is beneficial for chip removal.

[0041] Refer to the appendix Figure 7 and the appendix Figure 9。In addition to driving the radial rock cutting by the milling motor 73 and the reducer 74, the milling cutter bar 75 is also driven by the lead screw 52 and the longitudinal feed motor 53 to perform reciprocating axial movement for axial rock cutting. Since the milling cutter bar 75 has a helical milling edge and a chip removal groove, when performing axial feed milling, the motor drives the milling cutter bar 75 to rotate forward, and the front edge cuts the rock forward; when performing axial retraction milling, the motor drives the milling cutter bar 75 to rotate backward, and the rear edge cuts the rock backward. Obviously, such a milling method can further reduce the motor power and structural strength of the empty slot belt milling device.

[0042] Based on the innovation in the tunneling method of the tunneling jumbo, the present invention also discloses a tunnel tunneling method applicable to soft surrounding rock areas, including the following steps: S1: Advanced support.

[0043] Refer to the appendix Figure 10 。Advanced support is a prior art, which includes advanced pipe shed 82 and advanced grouting small pipe 83. Both the advanced pipe shed and the advanced grouting small pipe contribute to improving the strength and stability of the soft surrounding rock.

[0044] S2: Refer to the appendix Figure 11 , use the hydraulic lifting support to lift the crawler chassis to make the platform in a horizontal state, and then use the bottom hole drilling device 2 to drill three bottom holes 84 on the heading face 81, namely the left, middle and right bottom holes.

[0045] S3: Refer to the appendix Figure 12 , insert one of the milling cutter bars 75 and the support arm of the tunneling jumbo into the middle bottom hole, and mill the middle line empty slot belt 85 upward. At the same time, a slag discharge conveyor belt 88 is arranged at the lower part of the middle line empty slot belt 85 to discharge the milled slag from the middle line empty slot belt 85. The middle line empty slot belt 85 divides the heading face into a left heading face and a right heading face. The reason for milling the middle line empty slot belt first is that the middle line empty slot belt will not affect the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0046] S4: Refer to the appendix Figure 13 , insert the milling cutter bar 75 and the support arm on the left side of the tunneling jumbo into the left bottom hole 84, and mill the left arched empty slot belt 86 along the arch surface of the tunnel until it intersects with the middle line empty slot belt 85. At the same time, a slag discharge conveyor belt 88 is arranged at the lower part of the left arched empty slot belt 86 to discharge the milled slag from the left arched empty slot belt 86. This upward milling method from bottom to top has two advantages: one is that it is convenient for chip removal and slag discharge, and the other is that during most of the milling time, the left heading face can support the roof surrounding rock.

[0047] S5: Refer to the appendix Figure 14, place the temporary support 89 in the left arched empty slot belt 86, then drill blast holes 90, charge explosives, and blast the left heading face. After discharging the slag, reinforce the temporary support 89. In this embodiment, the temporary support 89 includes steel plates, ejector rods, and jacks. The steel plate is a prefabricated arched steel plate, which is inserted into the left arched empty slot belt 86. The left end of the arched steel plate supports on the ground, and the right end is jacked up by the ejector rod and jack placed in the center line empty slot. The temporary support 89 has two functions: one is to support the surrounding rock to prevent the surrounding rock from settling and deforming; the other is to prevent the broken stones from blasting from hitting the surrounding rock and destroying the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0048] S6: Refer to the appendix Figure 15 , insert the milling cutter bar 75 and the support arm on the right side of the tunneling jumbo into the right bottom hole 84, and mill the right arched empty slot belt 87 along the tunnel arch surface until it communicates with the left arched empty slot belt 86. At the same time, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt 88 at the lower part of the right arched empty slot belt 87 to discharge the milled slag stones from the right arched empty slot belt 87.

[0049] S7: Refer to the appendix Figure 16 and the appendix Figure 17 , place the temporary support 89 in the right arched empty slot belt 87, then drill blast holes 90, charge explosives, and blast the right heading face. After discharging the slag, reinforce the temporary support 89 again, and make way for the space for equipment such as tunneling jumbos and loaders to enter and exit the tunnel in the form of truss support.

[0050] S8: Repeat the above steps until the tunneling of one segment length is completed.

[0051] In some tunnel construction specifications, the length of each segment is 12 meters. In this embodiment, the effective depth of the bottom hole cutter head and the milling cutter bar is 3 meters. Therefore, each segment is tunneled in four times, and each tunneling (advance) is 3 meters.

[0052] Tunnel construction needs to follow the principle of "short advance, early support, and early closure". For the soft surrounding rock area, the tunneling method of this tunnel adopts measures such as separate construction of the left and right headings, only 3 meters of advance each time, early erection of temporary support, and early closure of the arch surface, which maximally ensures the construction safety and takes into account the tunneling efficiency.

[0053] It should be noted that the content not described in detail in the above embodiments is the prior art. It should also be noted that for those skilled in the art, any increase, replacement, and improvement made under the structure and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas, characterized in that: Comprising: A crawler chassis, provided with longitudinal guide rails and hydraulic lifting supports; A bottom hole drilling device, arranged on the longitudinal guide rails and capable of sliding longitudinally under the drive of power, for drilling large-diameter bottom holes on the heading face; A pair of telescopic arms, respectively hinged on both sides of the crawler chassis, and the telescopic arms can be rotated within the cross-section of the tunnel by the drive of the first oil cylinder; A longitudinal slide plate, hinged at the telescopic end of the telescopic arm, and the longitudinal slide plate can be rotated within the cross-section of the tunnel by the drive of the second oil cylinder; An empty slot belt milling device, used for milling an empty slot belt that can isolate the blasting extrusion effect along the tunnel arch face on the heading face, which mainly consists of a slide table, a motor, a reducer, and a milling cutter bar. The slide table is arranged on the longitudinal slide plate and can slide longitudinally under the drive of power. A support arm for supporting the cantilever end of the milling cutter bar is arranged on the slide table.

2. The tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock area as described in claim 1, wherein: The milling cutter bar is axially provided with multiple sections of equally spaced slag discharge annular grooves. During milling, the milling cutter bar reciprocates axially under the drive of power.

3. The tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock area as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The milling cutter bar has spiral milling edges and chip removal grooves. When axially feeding for milling, the motor drives the milling cutter bar to rotate forward; when axially retracting for milling, the motor drives the milling cutter bar to rotate in reverse.

4. A tunneling jumbo applicable to soft surrounding rock areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the milling cutter bar is 200 - 300 mm, and the diameter of the bottom hole is 400 - 600 mm.

5. A tunneling method applied to the tunneling jumbo according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1: Advanced support; S2: Level the crawler chassis through the hydraulic lifting support, and then use the bottom hole drilling device to drill three bottom holes, namely left, middle, and right, on the heading face; S3: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the middle bottom hole, and mill the middle line empty slot belt upward; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the middle line empty slot belt to discharge the milled slag and stones from the middle line empty slot belt; S4: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the left bottom hole, and mill the left arched empty slot belt along the tunnel arch face until it intersects with the middle line empty slot belt; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the left arched empty slot belt to discharge the milled slag and stones from the left arched empty slot belt; S5: Place temporary support in the left arched empty slot belt, then drill holes, charge, and blast the left heading face, and reinforce the temporary support after slag discharge; S6: Insert the milling cutter bar and the support arm into the right bottom hole, and mill the right arched empty slot belt along the tunnel arch face until it communicates with the left arched empty slot belt; meanwhile, arrange a slag discharge conveyor belt at the lower part of the right arched empty slot belt to discharge the milled slag and stones from the right arched empty slot belt; S7: Place temporary support in the right arched empty slot belt, then drill holes, charge, and blast the right heading face, and reinforce the temporary support after slag discharge; S8: Repeat the above steps until the excavation of one segment length is completed.

6. A tunneling method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The advanced support includes advanced pipe roofs and advanced grouting small pipes.

7. The tunneling method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each segment is excavated in four times, with each excavation being 3 meters.

8. A tunneling method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temporary support includes prefabricated arched steel plates, roof bars, and jacks.

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