Method for detecting water delivery capacity of flat terrain and increasing flow

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and water resources management, and discloses a method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in gentle terrain. The method first acquires terrain elevation data of the target area, extracts terrain feature points to construct a terrain parameter model and generate an initial water flow path, and calculates the initial water delivery capacity based on a water flow distribution model simulated according to historical hydrological data. Then, real-time water flow dynamic data are collected, the water flow path is iteratively corrected, the water delivery capacity is recalculated, and the gap is determined. Subsequently, the flow-increasing area is selected according to the gap, and flow-increasing measures such as excavation of diversion channels or setting of temporary water storage structures are planned, and the flow-increasing effect is verified after implementation. This method can accurately detect the water delivery capacity, plan targeted flow-increasing measures, effectively improve the water delivery capacity, reduce costs, and protect the ecological environment, and is suitable for various water delivery scenarios, and has good universality and expandability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering and water resources management technology, specifically a method for detecting and increasing water conveyance capacity in flat terrain. Background Technology

[0002] In modern water conservancy projects, agricultural irrigation, and urban water supply and drainage, ensuring efficient water conveyance capacity is crucial. However, the unique topographical features of flat terrain present numerous challenges to the water conveyance process, making the detection and flow enhancement of its water conveyance capacity an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0003] In the field of water conservancy projects, with the acceleration of urbanization and population growth, the demand for water resource allocation is increasing daily. Many large-scale water conservancy projects need to transport water from water sources to distant cities or industrial areas. However, water flow is relatively slow in flat terrain areas, making them prone to stagnation and siltation. For example, some inter-basin water transfer projects, when passing through flat terrain, cannot meet the water demand of the receiving areas due to insufficient water conveyance capacity, affecting local economic development and residents' lives. Moreover, long-term slow water flow can also lead to the sedimentation of impurities such as silt in the water, gradually clogging the water conveyance channels, reducing water conveyance efficiency and increasing maintenance costs.

[0004] Agricultural irrigation is a major water user, widely distributed across vast plains with gently sloping terrain. Traditional irrigation methods often rely on flooding or gravity irrigation, but due to the flat terrain, water flow is difficult to evenly cover farmland, leading to insufficient irrigation in some areas and waterlogging in others, affecting crop growth. Furthermore, to meet irrigation demands, farmers may over-extract groundwater, causing geological problems such as land subsidence. Moreover, existing irrigation systems lack precise monitoring of water delivery capacity and effective flow-increasing measures during water transport, resulting in significant water waste.

[0005] Urban drainage systems also face challenges posed by flat terrain. In terms of drainage, during extreme weather events such as torrential rains, flat terrain makes it difficult for rainwater to drain quickly, easily leading to flooding and causing severe damage to urban traffic, residents' lives, and infrastructure. For example, in some coastal cities, low-lying areas are often submerged during typhoon season, roads are severely flooded, vehicles are impassable, and the safety of residents' lives and property is threatened. In terms of water supply, flat terrain may lead to insufficient water pressure, affecting the normal water supply to high-rise buildings and reducing residents' quality of life.

[0006] Currently, methods for detecting water conveyance capacity in flat terrain have many limitations. Some traditional methods rely heavily on manual field measurements, which are not only inefficient but also highly susceptible to human error in accuracy. For example, estimating water conveyance capacity by manually measuring water level and flow velocity makes it difficult to obtain comprehensive, real-time data. While some regions have begun using advanced monitoring equipment, this equipment often only monitors a single parameter and lacks comprehensive analysis of multiple factors such as topography and hydrology, making it impossible to accurately assess water conveyance capacity. Regarding flow enhancement measures, existing methods are either ineffective or excessively costly. Simply widening or deepening water conveyance channels may damage the surrounding ecosystem and is difficult to implement in flat areas with complex terrain; while mechanical water lifting equipment can increase water flow velocity, it consumes enormous amounts of energy and has high operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for detecting and increasing the water conveyance capacity of flat terrain to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for detecting and increasing the water conveyance capacity of gently sloping terrain, the method comprising:

[0009] Acquire topographic elevation data of the target area, and extract at least three topographic feature points based on the elevation data. The topographic feature points are distributed on both sides of the water conveyance path in the target area and are not collinear.

[0010] A terrain parameter model is constructed based on the distribution of terrain feature points, and an initial water flow path is generated in the terrain parameter model;

[0011] Based on historical hydrological data of the target area, a flow distribution model is simulated along the initial flow path, and the initial water conveyance capacity is calculated.

[0012] Real-time collection of dynamic water flow data in the target area; inputting the dynamic water flow data into the water flow distribution model for iterative correction to obtain the corrected water flow path;

[0013] The water conveyance capacity is recalculated on the corrected water flow path and compared with the initial water conveyance capacity to determine the water conveyance capacity gap.

[0014] Select the flow enhancement area based on the difference in water conveyance capacity, and plan flow enhancement measures within the flow enhancement area, including excavating diversion channels or setting up temporary water storage structures;

[0015] After the flow enhancement measures are implemented, dynamic water flow data are collected again and the flow path is updated and corrected to verify whether the flow enhancement effect has reached the preset threshold.

[0016] Preferably, the extraction of terrain feature points based on elevation data includes the following steps:

[0017] The elevation data is gridded to generate an elevation grid map;

[0018] Identify continuous low-lying areas and areas of abrupt elevation changes in the elevation grid map;

[0019] Using the center of the low-lying area as the candidate point, and combining the boundary points of the elevation change area, at least three non-collinear feature points covering both sides of the water conveyance path are selected.

[0020] Preferably, the construction of the terrain parameter model includes the following steps:

[0021] Using terrain feature points as reference points, a local coordinate system centered on the first reference point is established.

[0022] In the local coordinate system, the direction of the main water flow is determined by the positions of the second and third reference points;

[0023] Based on the main water flow direction and elevation change rate, a topographic slope distribution map is generated, and sub-regions with different water conveyance capacity levels are divided based on the slope distribution map.

[0024] Preferably, generating the initial water flow path includes the following steps:

[0025] In the local coordinate system, the starting and ending points are set along the direction of the main water flow;

[0026] Based on the topographic slope distribution map, the path with the largest gradient deceleration rate is selected as the initial water flow path.

[0027] Multiple monitoring nodes are set up along the initial water flow path for the subsequent collection of dynamic water flow data.

[0028] Preferably, the simulated water flow distribution model includes the following steps:

[0029] The initial water flow path is divided into several segments, and the theoretical flow velocity of each segment is calculated based on the slope, width, and elevation difference.

[0030] The theoretical flow velocity for each section is adjusted by combining historical hydrological data on rainfall and soil permeability coefficient.

[0031] Based on the adjusted flow rate, the cumulative water flow of each section is generated, and the initial water delivery capacity is obtained by summing them up.

[0032] Preferably, the iteratively corrected water flow distribution model includes the following steps:

[0033] Real-time acquisition of actual flow velocity and water depth data at monitoring nodes;

[0034] The actual data is compared with the theoretical flow rate, and the deviation coefficient is calculated.

[0035] If the deviation coefficient exceeds the set range, the gradient deceleration rate will be readjusted and the initial water flow path will be updated.

[0036] Preferably, determining the water conveyance capacity gap includes the following steps:

[0037] The monitoring nodes were redefined along the corrected water flow path, and the updated cumulative water flow was collected.

[0038] The difference between the updated cumulative water flow and the initial water conveyance capacity is obtained as the water conveyance capacity gap value.

[0039] The sign of the difference determines whether the water delivery capacity is insufficient or excessive.

[0040] Preferably, the selection of the flow enhancement region includes the following steps:

[0041] Mark the sub-region with the largest difference value on the water conveyance path;

[0042] Based on the topographic slope distribution map, sub-regions with gentle slopes and low soil permeability were selected as flow enhancement areas;

[0043] Mark the specific locations where diversion channels or water storage structures can be implemented within the flow enhancement area.

[0044] Preferably, the planned flow enhancement measures include the following steps:

[0045] Calculate the depth and width of the diversion channel based on the elevation difference and area of ​​the flow enhancement zone;

[0046] If the soil permeability is higher than the threshold, then an impermeable material should be laid at the bottom of the diversion channel;

[0047] For temporary water storage structures, the water storage capacity and release cycle are determined based on the difference between the target water conveyance capacity and the actual water storage capacity.

[0048] Preferably, the verification of the flow enhancement effect includes the following steps:

[0049] During the preset time period after the implementation of the flow enhancement measures, water flow data at the monitoring nodes will be continuously collected;

[0050] The collected data is input into the corrected water flow path model to recalculate the water delivery capacity.

[0051] If the deviation between the recalculated water delivery capacity and the preset threshold is less than the tolerance value, the flow increase measure is deemed effective; otherwise, the flow increase plan is readjusted.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] In the water conveyance capacity detection phase, by acquiring topographic elevation data of the target area and extracting at least three non-collinear topographic feature points distributed on both sides of the water conveyance path, the characteristics of topographic changes can be accurately reflected. These feature points serve as the key foundation for constructing a topographic parameter model, making the model more closely resemble the actual topographic conditions. Using historical hydrological data, a water flow distribution model is simulated on the initial flow path to calculate the initial water conveyance capacity. This is then combined with real-time collected dynamic water flow data to iteratively correct the flow distribution model, resulting in a corrected flow path that better reflects actual water flow conditions, and subsequently, the water conveyance capacity is recalculated. This dynamic detection method, combining historical and real-time data, significantly improves the accuracy and timeliness of water conveyance capacity detection compared to traditional single measurement methods. It can promptly capture the impact of topographic changes, rainfall, and other factors on water conveyance capacity, providing reliable data support for subsequent decision-making.

[0054] In terms of flow enhancement planning, flow enhancement areas are selected based on differences in water conveyance capacity, and sub-areas with gentle slopes and low soil permeability are screened using topographic slope distribution maps. This selection method fully considers topography and soil conditions, making flow enhancement measures more feasible and effective. Within the flow enhancement areas, diversion channels are excavated or temporary water storage structures are constructed. The depth and width of the diversion channels, as well as the water storage capacity and release cycle of the temporary water storage structures, are calculated based on specific topography and water conveyance needs. For areas with high soil permeability, impermeable materials are laid at the bottom of the diversion channels to effectively reduce water leakage losses. These carefully planned flow enhancement measures are highly targeted and can significantly improve water conveyance capacity. For example, excavating diversion channels can guide the water flow to concentrate and increase the flow velocity; temporary water storage structures can store excess water when the water flow is sufficient and release it when the water conveyance capacity is insufficient, playing a role in regulating water volume and ensuring the stability and continuity of water conveyance.

[0055] From an economic perspective, the method of this invention avoids the high costs associated with some traditional flow-increasing measures. For example, compared to large-scale widening or deepening of water conveyance channels, by precisely selecting flow-increasing areas and rationally planning flow-increasing measures, unnecessary engineering construction is reduced, thus lowering construction costs. Furthermore, compared to relying on mechanical pumping equipment to increase water flow velocity, this method utilizes natural terrain and water flow patterns, reducing energy consumption and lowering operating costs. In the long term, these economic advantages will become even more pronounced, saving significant funds for water conservancy projects, agricultural irrigation, and urban water supply and drainage.

[0056] In terms of ecological environmental protection, the method of this invention has positive significance. It avoids the damage to the surrounding ecological environment caused by large-scale engineering construction, such as reducing large-scale land excavation and vegetation destruction. Rationally planned flow enhancement measures can optimize water flow distribution and reduce water pollution and ecological degradation caused by poor water flow. For example, by improving water flow conditions, eutrophication can be reduced, protecting the living environment of aquatic organisms and maintaining ecological balance.

[0057] Furthermore, this method possesses strong versatility and scalability. It can be applied to water conveyance capacity detection and flow enhancement in various applications, from small-scale farmland irrigation systems to large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects and urban water supply and drainage networks. Moreover, with continuous technological advancements and data accumulation, this method can be further optimized and improved, continuously enhancing its detection accuracy and flow enhancement effect, thus providing a long-term and effective solution for water conveyance problems in flat terrain. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the water conveyance capacity detection and flow enhancement method for gentle terrain described in this invention.

[0059] Figure 2 A flowchart for simulating water flow distribution and calculating initial water conveyance capacity;

[0060] Figure 3 A flowchart for iteratively refining the water flow distribution model;

[0061] Figure 4 A flowchart to verify the flow enhancement effect. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Please see Figure 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for detecting and increasing the water conveyance capacity of flat terrain, the specific implementation of which is as follows:

[0064] Acquire topographic elevation data and extract topographic feature points: Using specialized topographic surveying equipment, such as satellite remote sensing mapping instruments and high-precision total stations, acquire topographic elevation data of the target area. This data encompasses the topographic relief information of the target area. Based on the acquired elevation data, extract at least three topographic feature points. These feature points are distributed along both sides of the water conveyance path in the target area and are not collinear; they are the key foundation for subsequent analysis and modeling.

[0065] Constructing a terrain parameter model and generating an initial water flow path: A terrain parameter model is constructed based on the distribution of terrain feature points. Within this model, an initial water flow path is further generated, which serves as a crucial basis for simulating water flow and calculating water conveyance capacity.

[0066] Simulate the flow distribution model and calculate the initial water conveyance capacity: Based on historical hydrological data of the target area, including information on rainfall, river flow, and water level changes over many years, a flow distribution model is simulated along the initial flow path, and the initial water conveyance capacity is calculated using this model as a benchmark for subsequent comparative analysis.

[0067] Real-time acquisition of dynamic water flow data and correction of water flow path: Using devices such as flow meters and water level gauges, dynamic water flow data of the target area is collected in real time. This real-time data is input into the water flow distribution model for iterative correction, thereby obtaining a corrected water flow path that is more in line with the actual situation.

[0068] Calculate the water conveyance capacity gap: Recalculate the water conveyance capacity along the corrected flow path and compare it with the initial water conveyance capacity to determine the water conveyance capacity gap between the two and clarify the current changes in water conveyance capacity.

[0069] Selecting a flow-enhancing area and planning flow-enhancing measures: A suitable flow-enhancing area should be selected based on the difference in water conveyance capacity. The selection of the flow-enhancing area requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. Within the selected flow-enhancing area, flow-enhancing measures should be planned, such as excavating diversion channels or setting up temporary water storage structures, to improve water conveyance capacity.

[0070] Verify the flow increase effect: After the flow increase measures are implemented, collect dynamic water flow data again and update and correct the water flow path. Compare the recalculated water delivery capacity with the preset threshold to verify whether the flow increase effect meets the preset requirements.

[0071] The present invention will be further described below with reference to Examples 1 to 6:

[0072] Example 1:

[0073] After acquiring the topographic elevation data of the target area, the elevation data is gridded. Using professional Geographic Information System (GIS) software, continuous elevation data is divided into regular grids, each with specific coordinates and a corresponding elevation value, thus generating an elevation grid map. This presents complex topographic elevation data in a structured form, facilitating subsequent analysis.

[0074] In an elevation grid map, continuous low-lying areas and abrupt elevation changes are identified. Low-lying areas are defined by setting certain threshold ranges; for example, a grid point's elevation value is considered low-lying when it is lower than a certain percentage of the average elevation of surrounding grid points. Abrupt elevation changes are identified by calculating the rate of change of elevation between adjacent grid points; when the rate of change exceeds a set abrupt change threshold, the area is considered an abrupt elevation change region.

[0075] Using the center of the low-lying area as candidate points and combining the boundary points of areas with abrupt elevation changes, at least three non-collinear feature points covering both sides of the water conveyance path were selected. During the selection process, mathematical methods for determining collinearity were employed, such as calculating whether the vectors formed by the three points are parallel. Simultaneously, the spatial analysis functions of GIS software were used to ensure that the selected feature points covered both sides of the water conveyance path, providing an accurate data foundation for the subsequent construction of the terrain parameter model. The selection of these feature points is crucial for accurately reflecting terrain features and subsequent water flow simulation; they effectively represent the terrain changes in the target area, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the entire water conveyance capacity detection and flow enhancement method.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] Using the extracted terrain feature points as reference points, a local coordinate system is established centered on the first reference point. In this local coordinate system, the first reference point is used as the origin to determine the directions of the coordinate axes. For example, a certain direction can be defined as the positive x-axis, and the direction perpendicular to it can be defined as the positive y-axis. This constructs a local coordinate system suitable for target area analysis.

[0078] In the local coordinate system, the direction of the main water flow is determined by the positions of the second and third reference points. Using vector calculation methods, the vector from the second reference point to the third reference point is calculated; the direction of this vector represents the direction of the main water flow. For example, if the coordinates of the second reference point are (x2, y2) and the coordinates of the third reference point are (x3, y3), then the vector representing the direction of the main water flow is...

[0079] A topographic slope distribution map is generated based on the main water flow direction and the rate of elevation change. First, the rate of elevation change for each grid point is calculated. Assume the elevation of a certain grid point is H, and the elevations of adjacent grid points are H0. ′If the horizontal distance between two points is d, then the rate of change of elevation is... By calculating the elevation change rate of grid points across the entire region and combining this with information on the main water flow direction, a topographic slope distribution map is generated using specialized mapping software. Based on this slope distribution map, sub-regions are divided into different water conveyance capacity levels according to preset slope thresholds. For example, areas with a slope less than 5% are classified as low water conveyance capacity sub-regions, slopes between 5% and 10% as medium water conveyance capacity sub-regions, and slopes greater than 10% as high water conveyance capacity sub-regions. This classification facilitates more accurate flow simulation and water conveyance capacity analysis tailored to the characteristics of different regions.

[0080] Example 3:

[0081] In the established local coordinate system, set the starting and ending points along the main water flow direction. The selection of the starting and ending points should take into account the actual conditions of the target area. For example, the starting point can be selected near the upstream source of the water flow, and the ending point can be selected at a key downstream location in the water conveyance path.

[0082] Based on the topographic slope distribution map, the path with the largest gradient deceleration rate is selected as the initial water flow path. When calculating the gradient deceleration rate, for each possible path segment, the ratio of the slope change between adjacent points to the distance between the two points is calculated. Assume the slope at point P on the path is S. P The slope of the adjacent point Q is S. Q If the distance between two points is l, then the slope deceleration rate is... By calculating and comparing the gradient deceleration rates of all possible paths, the path with the largest deceleration rate is selected as the initial flow path. This selected path, to a certain extent, reflects the most likely flow path of water under gravity, thus improving the rationality of the initial flow path.

[0083] Multiple monitoring nodes are set up along the initial water flow path for subsequent collection of dynamic water flow data. The monitoring nodes should be evenly distributed and representative, for example, one node at regular intervals (e.g., 50 meters). These monitoring nodes can be equipped with devices such as flow meters and water level gauges to collect real-time dynamic data such as flow velocity and water depth, providing accurate real-time data support for subsequent correction of the water flow distribution model and calculation of water conveyance capacity.

[0084] Example 4:

[0085] After the initial water flow path is determined, it needs to be divided into several segments to accurately simulate the water flow conditions. The length of each segment can be determined based on the complexity of the actual terrain and the required calculation accuracy. For example, if the terrain is relatively uniform, the length of each segment can be set to 50 meters; if the terrain is complex, the segments can be shorter, set to 20 meters, to ensure the accuracy of the calculation.

[0086] The theoretical flow velocity calculation for each segment is crucial, as it is closely related to the slope, width, and elevation difference. Taking a certain path as an example, let's assume its slope is S, representing the inclination of the path, obtained through topographic survey data, typically ranging from 0 to 1 (e.g., 0.05 represents a 5% slope); the width is W, which can be obtained through field measurements or high-precision satellite imagery analysis, in meters; and the elevation difference is h, the difference in elevation between the starting and ending points of the segment, calculated from elevation data, in meters. Based on hydraulic principles, the formula for calculating the theoretical flow velocity is: Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, a constant, approximately 9.8 m / s². In this formula, The velocity component of the water flow due to the elevation difference under the action of gravity is reflected by S, which reflects the effect of the slope on the acceleration of the water flow, and W represents the width of the cross-section of the water flow. The theoretical flow velocity is obtained by combining these factors.

[0087] However, actual water flow is also affected by rainfall and soil permeability coefficient. Combining historical hydrological data of the target area, the multi-year average rainfall R (unit: mm) and soil permeability coefficient k (dimensionless, range 0-1) are obtained. After considering these factors, the formula for adjusting the theoretical flow velocity is as follows: R0 is the reference rainfall, a typical value obtained from historical data statistical analysis, used to measure the relative impact of current rainfall on water flow velocity. For example, if the average annual R0 for a certain region is 100 mm, and R is 150 mm in a certain calculation, it indicates that the current rainfall has a more significant effect on increasing water flow velocity.

[0088] Calculate the adjusted flow velocity v ′ Then, the cumulative water flow for each segment is generated. Assuming the water flow time on that segment is t (in seconds), the cumulative water flow for that segment is Q = v. ′ ×W×t. By summing up the cumulative water flow in each segment of the initial water flow path, the initial water conveyance capacity can be obtained. Where n is the number of segments in the initial water flow path, Q i Let be the cumulative water flow in the i-th segment. This step-by-step calculation method can accurately simulate the water conveyance capacity under the initial state, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent evaluation and comparison.

[0089] Example 5:

[0090] Monitoring nodes set up along the initial water flow path begin to function; these nodes are equipped with high-precision flow meters and water level gauges. The flow meters are used to measure the actual flow velocity v of the water in real time. actual The water level gauge simultaneously acquires the water depth h. actualThese devices are accurate to two decimal places, ensuring data accuracy. After data collection, the data is transmitted in real time to the data processing center via a wireless transmission module, enabling rapid data collection and integration.

[0091] The actual flow velocity v actual The deviation coefficient is calculated by comparing it with the previously calculated theoretical flow velocity v, using the following formula: This deviation coefficient is a key indicator that measures the difference between actual flow and theoretical simulation, and is presented as a percentage. For example, if δ = 0.15, it means that the actual flow velocity differs from the theoretical flow velocity by 15%.

[0092] When the deviation coefficient δ exceeds the set range, the model needs to be adjusted. Assuming the set range is ±10%, if δ > 10% or δ < -10%, it indicates a significant deviation between the current theoretical model and the actual water flow. In this case, the slope deceleration rate needs to be readjusted. If the actual flow velocity is greater than the theoretical flow velocity, it means the slope deceleration rate in the original model was set too low, and the water flow accelerates faster than expected; the slope deceleration rate can be appropriately increased. Conversely, if the actual flow velocity is less than the theoretical flow velocity, the slope deceleration rate should be decreased. After adjustment, the path with the largest slope deceleration rate is selected based on the new rate, and the initial water flow path is updated. This process requires the use of professional Geographic Information System (GIS) software and algorithms to re-analyze and calculate the terrain data to ensure that the updated water flow path better matches the actual water flow conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of the water flow distribution model.

[0093] Example 6:

[0094] The monitoring nodes are re-divided along the corrected water flow path. The new division scheme needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the shape of the corrected water flow path, topographic changes, and water flow characteristics. For example, at water bends or in areas with significant topographic changes, the number of monitoring nodes is increased to ensure accurate capture of water flow changes; while in areas with relatively stable water flow, the spacing between monitoring nodes can be appropriately widened, but the maximum spacing should not exceed 50 meters. The updated water flow accumulation is then re-collected, using a method similar to that used when calculating the initial water delivery capacity, also based on flow velocity, width, and time to calculate the water flow accumulation for each segment.

[0095] The updated water flow accumulation Q new With initial water conveyance capacity Q total By subtracting the values, we obtain the water conveyance capacity difference ΔQ = Q. new -Q total The sign of ΔQ indicates the water conveyance capacity. If ΔQ < 0, it means the water conveyance capacity is insufficient, and it may be necessary to take measures to increase the flow; if ΔQ > 0, it means the water conveyance capacity is excessive, and in subsequent planning, it is advisable to rationally allocate water resources or adjust the water conveyance scheme.

[0096] The sub-regions with the largest differences in water conveyance capacity are marked along the water conveyance path. These sub-regions are then identified by calculating and comparing their differences in water conveyance capacity. Based on the topographic slope distribution map, sub-regions with gentle slopes and low soil permeability are selected as flow enhancement areas. Gentle slopes facilitate construction, reducing engineering difficulty and cost; low soil permeability minimizes water leakage, ensuring effective flow enhancement. For example, sub-regions with a slope less than 5% and soil permeability below 0.05 are given priority. Within the flow enhancement areas, the specific locations where diversion channels or water storage structures can be implemented are marked. Marking these locations must fully consider factors such as water flow direction, topographic elevation, and the surrounding environment to ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the project.

[0097] For the flow guide channel, based on the elevation difference h of the flow enhancement area... zone Calculate the depth d and width w based on the area A. The formula for calculating the depth is: Where v target The target flow velocity is set according to the flow enhancement requirements, in meters per second. The width w is determined comprehensively based on factors such as actual construction conditions, water flow rate, and diversion effect, and is generally between 1 and 5 meters. If the soil permeability is higher than the threshold, for example, if the threshold is set to 0.1, and the actual soil permeability is greater than this value, an impermeable material, such as a geomembrane, is laid at the bottom of the diversion channel to reduce water seepage loss.

[0098] For temporary water storage structures, the storage capacity V and release period T are determined based on the target water conveyance capacity difference ΔQ. The formula for calculating the storage capacity is V = ΔQ × T. unit T unit The unit of time is 1 hour, or one hour, depending on the actual situation. The release cycle T should be set reasonably, taking into account factors such as water demand, water flow patterns, and the characteristics of the water storage structure, to ensure timely release of stored water when needed and effectively improve water delivery capacity. For example, the release frequency can be increased before peak water usage periods, while the release cycle can be appropriately extended when water flow is sufficient.

[0099] Within a predetermined timeframe after the implementation of the flow enhancement measures, such as one week, water flow data from monitoring nodes will be continuously collected. The collected data will then be input into the revised flow path model to recalculate the water delivery capacity Q. final If the recalculated water conveyance capacity Q final With preset threshold Q threshold The deviation is less than the tolerance value, assuming the tolerance value is ±5%, that is, when |Q final -Q threshold If the flow rate is ≤5%, the flow enhancement measure is deemed effective; otherwise, the flow enhancement plan is readjusted, and parameters such as the size of the diversion channel, the capacity of the water storage structure, and the release cycle are optimized and adjusted until the flow enhancement effect reaches the preset requirements, thereby effectively improving the water conveyance capacity.

[0100] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0101] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: acquiring topographic elevation data of a target area, extracting at least three topographic feature points based on the elevation data, the topographic feature points being distributed on both sides of a water conveyance path of the target area and not being collinear; constructing a topographic parameter model according to the distribution of the topographic feature points, and generating an initial water flow path in the topographic parameter model; simulating a water flow distribution model on the initial water flow path based on historical hydrological data of the target area, and calculating an initial water conveyance capacity; real-time acquisition of water flow dynamic data of the target area, inputting the water flow dynamic data into the water flow distribution model for iterative correction to obtain a corrected water flow path; re-calculation of the water conveyance capacity on the corrected water flow path, and comparison with the initial water conveyance capacity to determine a water conveyance capacity gap; selection of a flow-increasing area according to the water conveyance capacity gap, planning flow-increasing measures in the flow-increasing area, including excavation of a diversion trench or setting of a temporary water storage structure; after implementation of the flow-increasing measures, re-acquisition of water flow dynamic data and updating of the corrected water flow path to verify whether the flow-increasing effect reaches a preset threshold.

2. The method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction of the topographic feature points based on the elevation data comprises the following steps: grid processing of the elevation data to generate an elevation grid map; identification of continuous low-lying areas and elevation mutation areas in the elevation grid map; selection of at least three feature points which are not collinear and cover both sides of the water conveyance path, with the center of the low-lying area as a candidate point and in combination with boundary points of the elevation mutation areas.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The construction of the topographic parameter model comprises the following steps: establishment of a local coordinate system with the first reference point as the center, taking the topographic feature points as reference points; determination of a main water flow direction in the local coordinate system through the positions of the second reference point and the third reference point; generation of a topographic slope distribution map according to the main water flow direction and the elevation change rate, and division of sub-areas of different water conveyance capacity levels based on the slope distribution map.

4. The method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that, The generation of the initial water flow path comprises the following steps: setting of a starting point and an ending point along the main water flow direction in the local coordinate system; selection of a path with the maximum slope decreasing rate as the initial water flow path according to the topographic slope distribution map; setting of a plurality of monitoring nodes on the initial water flow path for subsequent acquisition of water flow dynamic data.

5. The method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain according to claim 4, characterized in that, The simulation of the water flow distribution model comprises the following steps: division of the initial water flow path into a plurality of segments, calculation of a theoretical flow rate of each segment according to the slope, width and elevation difference; adjustment of the theoretical flow rate of each segment in combination with the rainfall and soil permeability coefficient in the historical hydrological data; generation of water flow cumulative amounts of the segments according to the adjusted flow rates, and summation to obtain the initial water conveyance capacity.

6. The method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain according to claim 5, characterized in that, The iterative correction of the water flow distribution model comprises the following steps: real-time acquisition of actual flow rate and water depth data of the monitoring nodes; comparison of the actual data with the theoretical flow rate to calculate a deviation coefficient; if the deviation coefficient exceeds a set range, re-adjustment of the slope decreasing rate and updating of the initial water flow path.

7. The method for detecting water delivery capacity and increasing flow in a flat terrain according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determination of the water conveyance capacity gap comprises the following steps: re-division of the monitoring nodes on the corrected water flow path and acquisition of updated water flow cumulative amounts; calculation of a water conveyance capacity gap value by subtracting the initial water conveyance capacity from the updated water flow cumulative amounts; judgment of whether the water conveyance capacity is insufficient or excessive according to the positive or negative of the gap value.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The selection of the flow-increasing area comprises the following steps: labeling of a sub-area with the maximum gap value on the water conveyance path; In combination with the terrain slope distribution map, sub-regions with gentle slope and low soil permeability are selected as flow-increasing regions; In the flow-increasing regions, specific locations for implementing flow-guiding channels or water storage structures are marked.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The planning of flow-increasing measures includes the following steps: According to the elevation difference and area of the flow-increasing region, the depth and width of the flow-guiding channel are calculated; If the soil permeability is higher than the threshold value, impermeable material is laid at the bottom of the flow-guiding channel; For temporary water storage structures, the storage capacity and release period are determined according to the target water delivery capacity gap value.

10. The method of detecting and increasing the water delivery capacity of a gentle terrain according to claim 9, characterized in that, The verification of flow-increasing effect includes the following steps: Within a preset time period after the implementation of the flow-increasing measures, water flow data of the monitoring nodes are continuously collected; The collected data are input into the corrected water flow path model to recalculate the water delivery capacity; If the deviation of the recalculated water delivery capacity from the preset threshold value is less than the fault tolerance value, it is determined that the flow-increasing measures are effective, otherwise the flow-increasing scheme is readjusted.

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