Intermittent excitation type generator
By using excitation coil windings and back-pole structures in excitation generators, the excitation voltage changes are controlled, and the excitation flux cannot be used for motor effects and the difficulty of permanent magnet installation is solved, thereby achieving efficient generator operation and capacity improvement.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510494192.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-29
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-08
AI Technical Summary
The excitation flux of existing excitation generators is only used for inducible magnetic flux during power generation, and cannot be used for the motor effect at the same time, resulting in large resistance, and the installation of permanent magnet generators is difficult and costly when the capacity is large.
Excitation coil windings, convex poles and yokes are used instead of permanent magnets. By controlling the switching excitation voltage of the system, the excitation flux changes when the induced magnetic flux increases. In combination with the back-pole structure, the superposition of induced magnetic flux and excitation flux is achieved, and the switching reluctance motor effect is generated.
It improves generator efficiency, reduces the use of mechanical energy, reduces the input of excitation electrical energy, and enhances the capacity and output electrical energy of the generator.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an intermittent excitation generator, belonging to the technical field of power generation with extremely low consumption of mechanical energy and other energies in new energy power generation technology. Background Art
[0002] First, in almost all current excitation generators, the excitation current is constant or changes little, resulting in the inability to ensure the flexible use of the excitation magnetic flux at different stages of each cycle. Second, in the current excitation generators, the use of the excitation magnetic flux is only to generate an induced electromotive force, that is, for power generation, and it cannot produce a motor effect. Third, in each cycle of the current excitation generators and some permanent magnet generators, when the induced magnetic flux decreases, there is a large resistance, and even when there is no load, due to the attraction of the magnetic flux to the iron core, there will also be a large resistance, thus affecting the improvement of the generator efficiency. Fourth, when the capacity of the permanent magnet generator is large, not only is the installation of the permanent magnet very difficult, but also the price of a single permanent magnet increases significantly. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows: First, the excitation magnetic flux only provides the induced magnetic flux in the power generation process, but cannot be used as the thrust magnetic flux for the motor effect at the same time. Second, in the current excitation generators and some permanent magnet generators, when the induced magnetic flux around the power generation coil winding decreases, even if the load is disconnected, due to the attraction of the permanent magnet to the iron core, there will also be a large resistance, thus affecting the improvement of the generator efficiency. When the capacity of the permanent magnet generator is large, not only is the installation of the permanent magnet very difficult, but also the price of a single permanent magnet increases significantly. Third, the excitation magnetic flux remains unchanged, and the power generation process only relies on the change of the air gap overlap to change the induced magnetic flux, and the change rate is too small, wasting the excitation current.
[0004] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows: 1. Use excitation methods such as excitation coil windings, salient poles, and magnetic yokes to replace permanent magnets and magnetic yokes. 2. Use a control system to switch the excitation voltage so that it is only excited when the induced magnetic flux increases (including reverse increase), thereby generating the superposition of the change of the excitation magnetic flux and the change of the air gap overlap, and generating the effect of a switched reluctance motor. The mechanical control system uses a commutator and brushes as the control switch; the electronic control system uses a position sensor, a logic circuit, and an electronic switch for control. 3. Adopt a two-stage structure, and the two stages compensate for each other's missing voltages (duty cycles). 4. Adopt a return pole structure, so that the induced magnetic flux bypasses the power generation coil between adjacent two return poles, and the Lenz magnetic flux circulates within each single return pole. Even if the excitation iron core is saturated, the Lenz resistance can be eliminated.
[0005] Due to the current lag in the excitation coil, the current rises rapidly from 0 after the control switch is turned on. Then the excitation flux will also rise rapidly from 0, and the change rate of the induced flux is the sum of the increase rate of the stator-rotor air gap overlap and the excitation flux rise rate. That is, when the excitation current rises to half of the maximum current, the sum of the two can make the average induced voltage reach the same level as when the excitation current is always at the maximum value.
[0006] The position where the control system turns on the excitation current is the position where the induced magnetic flux is 0 when the excitation current remains unchanged, and the position where the excitation current is turned off is the position when the induced magnetic flux is maximum (including the maximum in the reverse direction), so it avoids the resistance when the induced magnetic flux decreases, and the Lenz magnetic flux at the beginning is much larger than the excitation magnetic flux, and the switched reluctance motor effect produces a large positive thrust. Although when the excitation magnetic flux increases to saturation or semi-saturation, part of the Lenz magnetic flux will cause resistance (because it does not follow the excitation magnetic core path when saturated or semi-saturated, but meets and repels the excitation magnetic flux at the air gap), the center of the Lenz magnetic flux is very close to the center of the excitation magnetic flux when saturated or semi-saturated, resulting in less resistance.
[0007] It does not mean that the motor effect does not require external power machinery. To achieve the rated voltage, the rated speed must be reached. To achieve and maintain the rated speed, there must be sufficient power machinery. Since the coercive force of the excitation core is limited, the more the excitation flux increases, the more Lenz flux will be excluded by the excitation core. These excluded Lenz fluxes will meet the excitation flux at the air gap and generate resistance. Therefore, in the absence of external power machinery, only a smaller output of electrical energy, that is, less Lenz flux, that is, a slower speed, can maintain automatic operation. Theoretically, even if a return pole structure is used to prevent the blocked Lenz flux from generating resistance, due to the complexity of the flux path, a small part of the blocked Lenz flux will generate resistance, making it difficult for the output power that does not rely on external power to be greater than the excitation power.
[0008] The intermittent excitation scheme of this scheme is temporarily applicable to single-phase generators and the output has been rectified. However, the continuous excitation scheme of the return pole type (i.e. the excitation current does not need to be switched by a control switch) can be applied to three-phase or single-phase sinusoidal AC generators. This manual mainly describes the intermittent excitation scheme, and also mentions the continuous excitation scheme.
[0009] For the intermittent excitation scheme, both the stator and the rotor are of two-stage structure, and the two stages of the stator or rotor are staggered at a certain angle to compensate for each other's duty cycle; and the control system is relied on to switch the working states of the two stages of the excitation coils so that they can work interactively, which is divided into mechanical and electronic types; the reasonable layout structure of the position sensor and the electronic switch of the electronic control system enables the electronic switch to be turned on when the induced magnetic flux is just 0 and about to increase, and to be turned off when it just reaches the maximum.
[0010] Regarding the staggered angle between the two sections, for a double salient pole (including reluctance and non-reluctance) generator, the center line of the salient pole of one section is aligned with the midpoint of the line connecting the two adjacent salient poles of the other section; for a hidden pole generator, the center line of one hidden pole section is aligned with the midpoint of the line connecting the two adjacent hidden poles of the other section; for a loop pole or other generator, if the staggered excitation salient pole is the excitation salient pole, the staggered angle of the double salient pole can be followed. If the staggered excitation pole is the loop pole or other pole, the center line of one loop pole or other pole is aligned with the midpoint of the line connecting the two adjacent poles of the other section. In short, no matter what type of generator, when working after the staggered angle, when the excitation flux of one section of the excitation coil is 0 and the induced flux of its corresponding generating coil is 0, when it is about to start working, the excitation flux of the other section of the excitation coil is the largest and the induced flux of its corresponding generating coil is the largest, and the work is about to be temporarily stopped.
[0011] Now let's take the transverse flux loop-pole generator as an example. The Lenz flux of this generator does not produce resistance, and the forward thrust it produces is no less than that of other generators. It is one of the more efficient intermittent excitation generators.
[0012] The shape of the return pole is like the cursive Chinese character "回", with a gap, which can facilitate winding, block the induced magnetic flux, and provide a return channel for the Lenz magnetic flux. From the perspective of the return channel for the Lenz magnetic flux, the shape of the return channel is like the closed shape of the regular Chinese character "回".
[0013] like Figure 1 The shape of the return pole is composed of a pole top 1, a pole bottom 3 and a side plate 2. The pole top is used to receive the induced magnetic flux, the pole bottom and one of the side plates are used to provide support, and there is a gap between the other side plate and the pole top for winding and providing a return channel for the Lenz magnetic flux. The gap can also be placed in other positions of the side plate (middle or lower). The pole bottom can also be removed, leaving only the roots of the two side plates (the roots are buried in the yoke when the yoke is installed). Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) is the outward polarity, where Figure 1 (c) and Figure 1 (d) is the inward loop; Figure 1 (e) and Figure 1 (f) and Figure 1 (g) is the shape of the silicon steel sheet for the return pole. This silicon steel sheet is stacked and shaped (welded or bonded) on the cylindrical mold of the stator and rotor, and then cut to form Figure 1 Shapes of (a), (b), (c), and (d).
[0014] The structure of a circle of return poles with the return poles facing inward and the relative positions fixed is as follows Figure 2(a), the structure of a ring of return poles with the return poles facing outwards and their relative positions already fixed is as follows Figure 2 (b), the top and bottom diameters of these two rings of return poles are the same respectively. It can be seen that the return poles facing outwards can induce more induced magnetic flux, but it should be known that the overall mechanical structure of the return poles facing inwards is more compact and simple. The number of return poles in each ring is an even number, and the distance between the tops of two adjacent return poles in each ring must be greater than the notch gap inside each return pole. Coil windings are drawn inside each ring of return poles in this figure, which are drawn in advance for the convenience of seeing the position of the coil windings. In fact, the winding should be carried out after installing the yoke.
[0015] For each ring of return poles, two adjacent return poles are symmetric up and down, but this up-and-down symmetry is only the state after installation. In fact, the shapes of each return pole are exactly the same, and when installing, adjacent return poles only need to be flipped to achieve up-and-down symmetry.
[0016] Removing the side plate and pole bottom on the notched side of the return pole, and only retaining the pole top, one side plate and the root, it becomes the "L"-shaped claw pole. The claw pole type needs to solve a contradiction, that is, the distance between the tops of two adjacent claw poles should be small to reduce (rather than eliminate) the influence of the resistance generated by the Lenz magnetic flux, but at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the distance being too small and causing the induced magnetic flux to short-circuit between the tops of adjacent claw poles. In addition, the width of the claw pole of the claw pole type permanent magnet type is affected by the width of the permanent magnet and cannot be very wide, but for the intermittent excitation return pole type, it is necessary to consider increasing the excitation time each time to make the excitation current as large as possible, so it is very wide.
[0017] The installation or combination of the return pole and the cylindrical yoke can be carried out by casting (immersing the root of the pole bottom or the left and right side plates into the casting mold of the yoke for pouring. This method should use a casting liquid with a higher magnetic permeability and try to use a return pole with a pole bottom to increase the contact area) or other methods. For low-speed generators, silicon steel sheets can also be not used, but the return poles can be cast, or a whole casting mold of multiple rings of return poles and the cylindrical yoke can be directly made for integrated pouring. Other methods besides the casting method refer to welding, riveting or gluing, that is, embedding the return pole or the root of the return pole side plate into the notch or square hole of the cylindrical iron core yoke formed by continuously spirally stacking and pressing silicon steel sheets for welding or gluing, and the welding among them includes hot melt welding.
[0018] As Figure 3It is a two-section excitation iron core and a schematic diagram of a multi-turn return pole with a return pole facing inward and a yoke already installed. In order to clearly see the return pole structure inside the yoke, a part of the yoke is specially hidden. These multi-turn return poles are divided into two sections, each section occupying half of the return pole, and there is an offset angle between the two sections, that is, the entire return pole is offset by half an angle, so that the midline of each return pole in the upper half (two turns) is aligned with the midpoint of the connection line between two adjacent return poles in the lower half (two turns). The annular coil winding 2 passes through the center of each return pole in each turn, and there are multiple strands of enameled wire in each winding 2; the two-section excitation iron core 5 can also connect the bridging parts of the salient poles to form a single entity; this excitation iron core needs to be wound with coils before it can be installed as a rotor; each excitation salient pole is wound with a coil, and the magnetic pole polarity of each coil is opposite to that of the surrounding; the excitation coils in the upper section are all connected in parallel (it can also be selected according to the required charging time whether to connect all in parallel or connect every two in series and then in parallel or connect every three in series and then in parallel, etc.), and the excitation coils in the lower section are also all connected in parallel (it can also be selected according to the required charging time whether to connect all in parallel or connect every two in series and then in parallel or connect every three in series and then in parallel, etc.), and they are respectively connected to the control switch and then in parallel to the DC power supply.
[0019] At the end of each pole shoe of each section of the excitation iron core 5, a small platform is cut out and a magnet 6 is installed. The polarity of the magnet is the same as the excitation polarity of the salient pole where it is located, following the principle of adjacent opposite; corresponding to the return pole, at the center of the end of one of the return poles in each half, a dovetail groove 3 is cut off and a Hall element is installed to play the role of sensing the position.
[0020] Such as Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the excitation iron core 4 wound with the excitation coil 3, installed with the inner lining 5 and the rotating shaft 6, and installed in the stator composed of the return pole 1 and the yoke 2. It can be seen that this structure is very similar to the stator-rotor mechanism of traditional salient pole type or slot type cylindrical generators, so the mechanical technologies are interlinked. Put the stator on the outer shell, install the bearing seat on the outer shell, and install the bearing on the rotating shaft. It should be noted that four slip rings need to be installed outside the bearing, which are respectively connected in parallel to the excitation coils of the two sections of the excitation iron core. The corresponding four brushes are respectively connected to the control switch and then in parallel to the two output terminals of a DC excitation power supply.
[0021] In the case of low speed, small capacity, and the excitation current can quickly climb, this kind of structure can also use a claw pole type rotor structure with centralized excitation around the rotating shaft. The technology of this kind of claw pole type excitation structure is already very mature and will not be elaborated here.
[0022] Such as Figure 5It is a two-stage excitation iron core and a schematic diagram of a multi-turn return pole with a return pole facing outward and a yoke already installed. The multi-turn return pole is divided into two sections, each section occupying half of the return pole, and there is an offset angle between the two sections, that is, the entire return pole is offset by half an angle, so that the midline of each return pole in the upper half (two turns) is aligned with the midpoint of the connection line between two adjacent return poles in the lower half (two turns). The annular coil winding 4 passes through the center of each return pole of each turn, and there are multiple strands of enameled wire in each winding 4; the two-stage excitation iron core 5 can also connect the bridging parts of the salient poles to form a single entity; this excitation iron core needs to be wound with coils before the overall assembly of the generator; each excitation salient pole is wound with an excitation coil, and the magnetic pole polarity of each excitation coil is opposite to that of the surrounding; the excitation coils in the upper section are all connected in parallel (it can also be selected according to the required charging time whether to connect all in parallel or connect two in series and then in parallel or connect three in series and then in parallel), and the excitation coils in the lower section are also all connected in parallel (it can also be selected according to the required charging time whether to connect all in parallel or connect two in series and then in parallel or connect three in series and then in parallel), and the two of them are respectively connected to the control switch and then connected in parallel to the DC power supply.
[0023] At the end of each pole shoe of each section of the excitation iron core 5, a small platform is cut out and a magnet 6 is installed. The polarity of the magnet is the same as the excitation polarity of the salient pole where it is located, following the principle of adjacent opposite; corresponding to the return pole, at the center of one end of one of the return poles in each half, a dovetail groove 3 is cut off and a Hall element is installed to play the role of sensing the position.
[0024] The return pole and yoke with the return pole facing outward can be used as the stator or the rotor. Accordingly, the excitation iron core and the coil can be used as the rotor or the stator.
[0025] When the return pole and yoke are used as the stator, as Figure 6 Figure (a), install the lining 3 on the return pole 1 and the yoke 2, install them on the rotating shaft 4, then install the bearings 5 on both sides, and place them into the large holes of the excitation iron core 6 that has been wound with the excitation coil 7 and has the housing 8 sleeved on; install the bearing seats 10 on both sides with the above-mentioned bearings 5, embed them into the housing 8, pass through the long screw 9, and tighten the small nut 11. Install the slip ring 14 (in addition to the slip ring 14, a four-way small slip ring should also be arranged in parallel. Since the voltage and current it transmits are very small and the size difference from the slip ring 14 is relatively large, it is not shown in this figure. The reason for the four-way small slip ring is that each Hall element has three wires. After paralleling the two power supply wires, there are only two power supply wires and two signal wires left), and the bushing 15, and tighten the nut 16. Align the brush holder 13 with the slip ring 14, horizontally press the insulating rod 12 with the external bracket, and fix the external bracket to the bearing seat or the base.
[0026] When the return pole and yoke are used as the rotor, as Figure 7, install the inner lining 3 on the return pole 1 and the yoke 2, and then install them on the main shaft 4. Next, install the bearings 5 and the bushings 13 on both sides, and place them into the large hole of the excitation core 6 that has been wound with the excitation coil 7 and has the outer shell 8 sleeved on it. Install the bearing housing 10 and the transmission wheel 12 (the transmission wheel can be processed into different shapes according to different transmission methods such as gear type, belt type, chain type, etc.) on the left bearing 5, and embed them into the outer shell 8. Install the bearing housing 10 on the right bearing 5, and embed them into the outer shell 8. Pass through the long screw 9 and tighten the small nut 11. Install the slip ring 14 and the bushing 13 on the right side, and tighten the nut 15. Symmetrically place two four-way brush holders 16 and insulating rods 17 on the slip ring 14, moderately press the insulating rod 17 with the buckle 18 and the tripod 19, and install the tripod 19 on the bearing housing 10 (by welding or other methods). Cut off two bow-shaped chords at both ends of the main shaft 4 to make it into a wedge shape with the small head downward, and place it into the wedge-shaped groove of the bracket 20.
[0027] The output circuit of the generating coil is as Figure 8 (a), the generating coil 1 in the upper half of the return pole and the generating coil 1 in the lower half of the return pole are each connected to a rectifier bridge 2, and the two rectifier bridges 2 are connected in parallel to the output terminal of the load 3. This output circuit diagram is for Figure 6 In this case, the two rectifier bridges 2 are respectively connected well inside the rotor (inner lining 3), and the two output wires are buried in the groove of the rotating shaft to the slip ring outside the bearing, and then connected to the load from the brush. For Figure 7 In this case, although it does not pass through the slip ring and the brush, it also needs to be buried in the groove and come out from the inner diameter of the bearing and then from the inner diameter of the slip ring.
[0028] The function of the control system is to control the on and off states of the excitation coil with a control switch. The mechanical control switch is the brush and the commutator, and the electronic control switch is the position sensor and the electronic switch controlled by the logic circuit. The existing technology of the mechanical brush and commutator is already very mature and will not be elaborated here.
[0029] The wiring circuit of the control system is as Figure 8 (b), the DC power supply 4 is connected in parallel with two control switches 3. These two control switches 3 are respectively connected in series with the parallel ends of the upper section of the excitation coil 1 and the parallel ends of the lower section of the excitation coil 1. The ellipsis 2 among them means there are many (in the example of Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 there are 12 respectively) excitation coils connected in parallel together. Among them, the control switch 3 is the brush and the commutator for the mechanical type, and is the mos tube or IGBT for the electronic type. Among them, the control switch 3, for Figure 4For the structure to which it belongs, the parallel wires of the excitation coil pass through the bearing from the groove to the four-way slip ring, and then two of the brush lead wires are respectively connected in series with a control switch 3, and then are respectively connected in parallel with the other two brush lead wires to the DC power supply 4, while the Hall signal wire can be directly led out from the hole in the housing; for Figure 6 in (a), the signal wire of the Hall element is led from the groove of the rotating shaft to the small slip ring outside the bearing, and then is connected to the circuit board from the lead wire of the small brush. The parallel wires of the excitation coil are directly led out from the hole in the housing and are respectively connected to the control switch 3 and the DC power supply 4; for Figure 7 in, the signal wire of the Hall element is led from the groove of the main shaft to the outside of the bearing and the outside of the slip ring. The parallel wires of the excitation coil are led out from the hole in the housing, or are led out from the hole in the right bearing housing, and are respectively connected to the brushes in the brush holder 16, and then are connected to the control switch 3 and the DC power supply 4 from the lead wire of the slip ring 14.
[0030] The control system circuit board is as Figure 9 shown. It has a single-chip microcomputer 6 on the circuit board 3. The single-chip microcomputer 6 is connected to the small terminal 4 on the left side through the adapter circuit 5, to the row header 7 on the lower side, and to the electronic switch 2 on the right side; among them, the adapter circuit 5 includes an interface circuit, a logic circuit, an arithmetic control circuit, an amplification circuit, an isolation circuit, etc.; the small terminal 4 on the left side is used to access the small DC power supply; the row header 7 on the lower side is used to transmit the level signal of the Hall element to the single-chip microcomputer 6 through the row wire and row pin. The six pin holes are respectively inserted into every two power pins and every one signal pin of the two Hall elements. However, if the power pins are connected in parallel pairwise before insertion, then two row headers 7 can also be left vacant and only four pin holes of the row headers 7 can be used; the electronic switch 2 connected on the right side is Figure 8 the control switch 3 in (b). It can be a MOS tube or an IGBT. The gate and source, or the gate and emitter, of it are connected to the adapter circuit 5; the drain and source, or the collector and emitter, of the electronic switch 2 are respectively connected to the two terminals of the terminal 1 outward, mainly for convenient wiring and can be directly connected to Figure 8 the corresponding position in (b).
[0031] The position sensor, i.e., the Hall element, uses a linear Hall element, which can display the level high or low according to the amount of magnetic flux, so as to judge the relative position between the return pole and the permanent magnet (excitation magnetic pole). When the magnetic flux is 0, the level is also 0. When one of the two Hall elements is 0, the other must be the maximum. Then this can be used as the basis for driving the electronic switch to make opening and closing actions, that is, when one is 0, its own electronic switch is turned on and the other is turned off; the other also makes the same action. This is used as the rule or logic for program writing and editing. Beneficial effects
[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. Since the Lenz magnetic flux does not generate resistance, the efficiency of the generator is greatly improved; 2. Since the exciting magnetic flux can generate both induced magnetic flux and the thrust of the switched reluctance motor effect, the use of mechanical energy is greatly reduced and the efficiency of the generator is improved; 3. Since the exciting magnetic flux starts from 0 and climbs every half cycle, the change rate of the induced magnetic flux is equal to the climbing rate of the exciting magnetic flux plus the climbing rate of the air-gap overlap (the traditional generator only has the change rate of the air-gap overlap), thus greatly reducing the required amount of the exciting magnetic flux, that is, greatly reducing the input or consumption of the exciting electric energy, which also improves the efficiency; 4. For wind or hydro generators, the generator capacity can be greatly increased under the same wind energy or water energy conditions, and for other generators, the fuel purchase amount can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) are schematic diagrams of the shape of the return poles when the return poles face outward.
[0034] Figure 1 (c) and Figure 1 (d) are schematic diagrams of the shape of the return poles when the return poles face inward.
[0035] Figure 1 (e) and Figure 1 (f) and Figure 1 (g) is a schematic diagram of the shape of the silicon steel sheet for stacking the return poles.
[0036] Figure 1 Where 1 is the pole tip, 2 is the side plate, and 3 is the pole bottom.
[0037] Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of a circle of return poles with the relative positions fixed when the return poles face inward.
[0038] Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of a circle of return poles with the relative positions fixed when the return poles face outward.
[0039] Figure 2 Where 1 is the return pole and 2 is the coil winding.
[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of four circles of inward return poles installed with yokes as the stator and two sections of exciting iron cores. Where 1 is the return pole, 2 is the power generation coil winding, 3 is the dovetail groove, 4 is the yoke, 5 is the exciting iron core, and 6 is the magnet.
[0041] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the stator and rotor structures with the return pole and yoke as the stator, and the exciting coil and iron core as the rotor. Among them, 1 is the return pole, 2 is the yoke, 3 is the exciting coil, 4 is the exciting iron core, 5 is the inner lining, 6 is the rotating shaft, 7 is the power generation coil winding, 8 is the magnet, and 9 is the dovetail groove.
[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of four circles of outward return poles with the yoke already installed, and two sections of exciting iron cores. Among them, 1 is the return pole, 2 is the yoke, 3 is the dovetail groove, 4 is the power generation coil winding, 5 is the exciting iron core, and 6 is the magnet.
[0043] Figure 6 (a) Schematic diagram of a generator with the outward return pole and yoke as the rotor, and the exciting iron core and exciting coil as the stator. Among them, 1 is the return pole, 2 is the yoke, 3 is the inner lining, 4 is the rotating shaft, 5 is the bearing, 6 is the exciting iron core, 7 is the exciting coil winding, 8 is the housing, 9 is the long screw, 10 is the bearing seat, 11 is the small nut, 12 is the insulating rod, 13 is the brush holder, 14 is the slip ring, 15 is the bushing, and 16 is the nut.
[0044] Figure 6 (b) Schematic diagram of a generator with the outward return pole and yoke as the rotor, the exciting iron core and exciting coil as the stator, and additionally equipped with a thin rotor and a thin stator. Among them, 1 is the return pole, 2 is the yoke, 3 is the inner lining, 4 is the rotating shaft, 5 is the bearing, 6 is the exciting iron core, 7 is the exciting coil winding, 8 is the housing, 9 is the long screw, 10 is the bearing seat, 11 is the small nut, 12 is the insulating rod, 13 is the brush holder, 14 is the slip ring, 15 is the bushing, 16 is the nut, 17 is the thin rotor, 18 is the magnet, 19 is the thin stator ring, and 20 is the Hall element.
[0045] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a generator with the outward return pole and yoke as the stator, and the exciting iron core and exciting coil as the rotor. Among them, 1 is the return pole, 2 is the yoke, 3 is the inner lining, 4 is the main shaft, 5 is the bearing, 6 is the exciting iron core, 7 is the exciting coil winding, 8 is the housing, 9 is the long screw, 10 is the bearing seat, 11 is the small nut, 12 is the transmission wheel, 13 is the bushing, 14 is the slip ring, 15 is the nut, 16 is the brush holder, 17 is the insulating rod, 18 is the buckle of the insulating rod, 19 is the tripod, and 20 is the bracket.
[0046] Figure 8 (a) Schematic diagram of the power generation coil and the output circuit. Among them, 1 is the power generation coil winding, 2 is the rectifier bridge, and 3 is the output terminal.
[0047] Figure 8 (b) Wiring diagram of the exciting coil. Among them, 1 is the exciting coil on each salient pole, 2 is the ellipsis, 3 is the control switch, and 4 is the DC power supply.
[0048] Figure 8(c) is the wiring diagram of the exciting coil with freewheeling diode feedback function, where 1 is the exciting coil, 2 is the ellipsis, 3 is the control switch, 4 is the DC power supply, and 5 is the freewheeling diode.
[0049] Figure 9 It is the schematic diagram of the electronic control system circuit board, where 1 is the two-way wiring terminal, 2 is the electronic switch, 3 is the circuit board, 4 is the small wiring terminal, 5 is the adaptation circuit, 6 is the single-chip microcomputer, and 7 is the pin header.
[0050] Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b) and Figure 10 (c) are the schematic diagrams of the shapes of silicon steel sheets used when a yoke is independently installed for each turn of the back pole to form one section of the back pole.
[0051] Figure 10 (d) and Figure 10 (e) are respectively the schematic diagrams of the shapes when the back pole faces inward and the back pole faces outward, with a yoke independently installed for each turn of the back pole to form one section of the back pole. Specific implementation manners
[0052] It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0053] The intermittent excitation generator is not limited to the homopolar generator and can also be used for other generators.
[0054] The present invention uses a homopolar generator to illustrate the advantages of intermittent excitation. It should be understood that the key to the fact that the Lenz magnetic flux of the homopolar generator does not generate resistance lies in that the gap of the notch inside the back pole must be smaller than the distance between the pole tips of two adjacent back poles in each turn. This design caters to the characteristic of the Lenz magnetic flux to select the path with the minimum magnetic resistance.
[0055] In several examples and drawings of this technical solution, each half of the back pole has two turns, which is a smaller number of turns set for convenience of explanation. In fact, since there is almost no resistance during the power generation process and there is also a forward thrust, the number of turns of each half is much greater than two turns compared to the resistance that needs to be overcome by the single-turn claw-pole transverse flux disc generator.
[0056] Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 all use Figure 1 the silicon steel sheets of (e) to separately manufacture Figure 1 the back poles of (a) and Figure 1 (c). This is randomly selected during drawing and does not represent that Figure 1 (e) is the preferred way of the shape of the silicon steel sheet, nor does it represent that Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (c) are the preferred ways of the shapes of the back poles.Figure 1 The several listed shapes of silicon steel sheets and the shapes of return poles each have their theoretical advantages. There may be other different shapes, but these shapes are inseparable from the elements of pole tips, side plates, and notches (the pole bottoms can be integrated with the yoke), as well as the shape similar to the cursive Chinese character 'hui'. Which of the deduced shapes is the best may only be optimized after long-term use of various shapes respectively.
[0057] Figure 3 and Figure 5 Both distribute two sections of return poles on a whole yoke, with multiple turns of return poles distributed in each section. This is for the convenience of overall assembly and also for easy explanation. However, in actual design applications, for the convenience of mechanized automatic winding (especially for stators with return poles facing inward), it can also be like Figure 10 (d) and Figure 10 (e), where each turn of the return pole uses only one yoke to form a section of the return pole. When installing the shaft and inner lining after winding, the sections of the return poles with the associated yokes are installed together to form one or two sections (upper and lower two sections). When installing, the return poles of adjacent two turns are axially aligned in a back-to-back and face-to-face manner. The upper and lower edges of each section of the return pole are flush with the upper and lower edges of the yoke. When each turn of the return pole is installed on each section of the yoke, if it is necessary to increase the contact area and strength between the return pole and the yoke, silicon steel sheet shapes with trapezoidal pole bottoms such as Figure 10 (a), (b), (c) can be used. The multiple turns of return poles in the continuous excitation scheme can also be done in this way (multiple turns are set as multiple sections).
[0058] In several examples and drawings of this technical solution, the return poles are offset by half an angle, but the exciting iron cores are not offset. However, in actual design, the return poles can also not be offset by half an angle, instead, the two sections of exciting iron cores are offset by the same half angle.
[0059] When the return poles face outward and the yoke is used as the rotor, the four-way small slip rings and small brushes can also not be used, that is, without Figure 5 the magnet 6 and the dovetail groove 3, instead, like Figure 6 (b), a thin rotor 17 is added on one side of the rotor. The thickness of the thin rotor refers to the width of the Hall element. One circle of magnets 18 with opposite adjacent magnetic poles is distributed on the outer circumference of the thin rotor according to the number and angle of one turn of the return pole. The angle between the thin rotor and the original large rotor is fixed; and on the side where the exciting iron core is used as the stator (on the same side as the thin rotor and aligned with the thin rotor), a stator thin ring 19 is added. The relative angle between the thin ring 19 and the exciting iron core is fixed (by welding or other methods). At the positions corresponding to the midlines of the exciting salient poles and the midpoints of the connections between adjacent two exciting salient poles on the thin ring 19, a dovetail groove is cut respectively, and two Hall elements 20 are installed. These two Hall elements are respectively used as the positioning basis for the on-off of the upper and lower two sections of the exciting coils. This design can directly lead out the Hall signal wires from the holes in the housing and connect them, compared with Figure 6The small slip ring and small carbon brush in (a) have advantages. This setup can also have three pairs of Hall elements arranged 120 degrees apart.
[0060] When the return poles face outwards and the yoke is used as the stator, Figure 7 The structure with the main shaft placed horizontally is just one of the structures. In fact, it can also have a structure with the main shaft placed vertically and a thrust bearing used for one of the bearings, which can be set according to the applicable scenarios.
[0061] In the technical solution, only one control switch is connected in series to the parallel wires of each section of the exciting coil for the convenience of explanation. However, in this case, the inductive energy cannot be fed back and regenerated after the control switch is turned off. In fact, as shown in Figure 8 (c), two control switches 3 are connected to the head and tail of the parallel wires of the exciting coil respectively, and two freewheeling diodes 5 are cross-connected. After the two control switches 3 of each section are turned off simultaneously, the inductive energy can be fed back to the DC power supply 4. However, such a feedback and regeneration circuit is only applicable to the case where the inductance coefficient is small and the exciting current drops to 0 or close to 0 before the next cycle arrives. It should be used with strict calculation and caution.
[0062] Figure 8 (b) and Figure 8 (c) show that each section of the exciting coil in two sections is in parallel for the convenience of expression (because it is impossible to show all combinations in the same figure). In fact, according to the magnitude of the required exciting current, rotational speed, inductance coefficient of the exciting coil, etc., and the duration of each exciting pole sweeping through half a cycle, it can be set in different cases whether to connect all in series, all in parallel, connect every two in series and then in parallel, or connect every several in series and then in parallel. The larger the capacity of the generator, the more parallel connections are needed, and the smaller the capacity, the more series connections are needed.
[0063] In the technical solution, there is only one Hall element for each half return pole for the convenience of explanation. However, in actual applications, it is more appropriate to arrange three Hall elements every 120 degrees for each half. First, the sensing position is more accurate (the average value of the three Hall elements is taken). Second, if one of them is damaged, the others can still play a role.
[0064] The present invention also has a rotating-pole continuous excitation scheme (i.e., the excitation current does not need to be switched by a control switch), which is the simplest structure. It abandons the two-stage and intermittent control systems, and the excitation current is not switched. In this structure, the cylindrical yoke is installed with multiple turns of rotating poles, which is the same as one of the two stages in the intermittent two-stage type, serving as the stator or the rotor. Correspondingly, the exciting core and the exciting coil also have only one stage, which is also the same as one of the two stages in the intermittent two-stage type, serving as the rotor or the stator. Although the efficiency is not as high as that of intermittent excitation, it is higher than that of other non-rotating-pole types, and it features a simple structure and material saving (reducing half of the rotating poles, yokes, and cores, and there are no control switches, sensor components, and logic circuits, etc.), and it can also output alternating current. When three-phase sinusoidal alternating current needs to be output, the width of the rotating pole is not the wider the better, but the width should be appropriate, the angle (or shape) of the trapezoid at the top of the rotating pole should be appropriate, the distance between two adjacent rotating poles in each turn should be appropriate, and the number of turns of the rotating poles should be set as a multiple of 3. The rotating poles in every one-third of the number of turns are staggered by 1 / 3 of the angle occupied by each period. Each period is that the induced magnetic flux of the rotating pole increases from 0 to the maximum, decreases to 0, then decreases to the maximum negative value, and then increases to 0, that is, the angle occupied by the two rotating poles in each turn in 360 degrees (assuming there are 24 rotating poles in one turn, the period is 30 degrees, and the stagger is 10 degrees); although the angles between adjacent two phases are staggered, they can still be adjacent to each other, but only the voltage output lines of each phase need to be distinguished. In addition, there are also the shell, bearings, bearing seats, slip rings, and brushes, etc., which belong to the conventional installation. This continuous excitation scheme can also be replaced by the scheme of permanent magnets and yokes.
[0065] In short, the rotating-pole type can improve efficiency, and the intermittent excitation rotating-pole type can greatly improve efficiency. From the perspective of energy conservation, rotating-pole generators should be widely promoted, applied, and developed on a large scale.
[0066] The parts not involved in the present invention are all in line with the prior art or implemented by using the prior art.
Claims
1. Intermittent excitation type generator, characterized in that, Both the stator and the rotor are of two-piece structure, and there is a certain angular offset between the two pieces of the stator or the rotor; a control switch is used to switch the on and off states of the two sections of the exciting coils, so that the two sections of the exciting coils work alternately; the region where the exciting coils work and the region where the induced magnetic flux of the generating coils increases are in the same time period; the control switch has a mechanical type and an electronic type. The mechanical control switch is a commutator and a brush, and the electronic control switch is an electronic switch under the action of a position sensor and a logic circuit.
2. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 1, wherein The main components of the transverse flux and consequent pole generator are the stator and the rotor. The consequent pole and the yoke can be the stator or the rotor, and the exciting core and the exciting coils can be the rotor or the stator; both the stator and the rotor are of two-piece structure. For the consequent pole, each of the two pieces has multiple turns of consequent poles, and there is a toroidal coil winding at the center of each consequent pole; there is an angular offset between the two pieces of consequent poles, so that the midline of each consequent pole in the upper piece aligns with the midpoint of the connection line between two adjacent consequent poles in each turn of the consequent poles in the lower piece; each section of the exciting coils after series-parallel connection of the two sections of the exciting coils is connected in series with a control switch and then connected in parallel to a DC power supply; the control switch can be the mechanical type or the electronic type described in claim 1.
3. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shape of the consequent pole is composed of a pole tip, a pole bottom and two side plates. There is a notch or gap between the pole tip and one of the side plates; the main feature of this consequent pole is that it is very wide, that is, the angle with the axis in the relative movement direction of the stator and the rotor is large; the pole bottom can also be omitted, and only the roots of the two side plates are retained. When installing the yoke, the roots of the side plates or the pole bottom are buried in the yoke or installed on the yoke together; when installing the yoke, each cylindrical yoke has two pieces of consequent poles, and there is an angular offset between the two pieces as described in claim 2. Each piece of consequent poles has multiple turns of consequent poles, each turn of consequent poles has multiple consequent poles, and two adjacent consequent poles in each turn are symmetric up and down; the distance between the pole tips of two adjacent consequent poles in each turn of consequent poles should be greater than the notch gap between the pole tip and the side plate inside a single consequent pole; there is a toroidal coil winding passing through each turn of consequent poles. Each turn of consequent poles can also be independently installed with a short yoke to form a section of consequent pole, and then each section of consequent pole is installed together by means of a lining to form two pieces; for a generator with only single-turn consequent poles and no control switch, it also belongs to the scope of patent protection.
4. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 1 and claim 2, characterized in that, Magnets are distributed on the rotor in the same number as the exciting coils. There is a position sensor, i.e., a Hall element, on the stator. The Hall element is connected to a single-chip microcomputer through an adaptation circuit, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected to an electronic switch through an adaptation circuit; the adaptation circuit includes an interface circuit, an arithmetic control circuit, an amplification circuit, an isolation circuit, etc.; the electronic switch is generally a MOS transistor or an IGBT; the electronic switch is connected in series between the DC power supply and the exciting coils after series-parallel connection; if electronic switches are connected in series at the head and tail of the series-parallel connection line of each section of the exciting coils, and there is a freewheeling diode cross-connected with the DC power supply to form a feedback regeneration circuit after the electronic switch is disconnected, it also belongs to the scope of patent protection.
5. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output circuit of the toroidal coil winding is to rectify the two sections of coil windings through a rectifier bridge respectively and then connect them in parallel to the load, or connect them in parallel to the positive and negative connection terminals of the load.
6. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, wherein The yoke and the two sections of the return poles facing inwards of the return poles serve as the stator, and the two sections of the exciting magnetic cores and the exciting coils with the magnetic poles facing outwards serve as the rotor. The rotor is installed through the inner lining on the mounting shaft and bearings, and the stator is installed in the housing and bearing block. The bearings are installed in the bearing block, and slip rings and brushes are installed outside the bearings. The connection terminals after the series-parallel connection of the exciting coils are led out through the slip rings and brushes, and connected to the control switch and the DC power supply; the Hall signal line and the output line of the toroidal coil winding are led out from the holes in the housing; if the rotor is not a separately excited structure with multiple salient poles and multiple coils, but a claw-pole structure with centralized excitation around the rotating shaft, it also belongs to the scope of patent protection.
7. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The yoke and the two sections of the return poles facing outwards of the return poles serve as the rotor, and the two sections of the exciting magnetic cores and the exciting coils with the magnetic poles facing inwards serve as the stator. The rotor is installed through the inner lining on the rotating shaft and bearings, and the stator is installed in the housing and bearing block. The bearings are installed in the bearing block, and large slip rings and brushes, as well as small slip rings and brushes, are installed outside the bearings. The rectified and then parallel output lines of the power generation coil winding are led out through the large slip rings and brushes to connect the load, and the signal line and power supply line of the Hall element are led out through the small slip rings and brushes to connect the circuit board.
8. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, wherein, The yoke and the two sections of the return poles facing outwards of the return poles serve as the rotor, and the two sections of the exciting magnetic cores and the exciting coils with the magnetic poles facing inwards serve as the stator. Additionally, one more thin rotor is installed with magnets having the same number as the number of return poles in each circle, and one more stator thin ring is installed with Hall elements at the midline position of the salient poles and at the midpoint position of the connection line between two adjacent midlines; the rotor is installed through the inner lining on the rotating shaft and bearings, and the stator is installed in the housing and bearing block. The bearings are installed in the bearing block, and slip rings and brushes are installed outside the bearings. The two halves of the power generation coils are rectified separately and then paralleled to the lead-out line of the slip ring, and then led to the load from the brush; the Hall signal line and the parallel line of the exciting coil are directly led out from the holes in the housing for connection and control.
9. The intermittent excitation type generator according to claim 2, wherein, The yoke and the two sections of the return poles facing outwards of the return poles serve as the stator, and the two sections of the exciting magnetic cores and the exciting coils with the magnetic poles facing inwards serve as the rotor. The stator is installed through the inner lining on the main shaft and bearings, and the rotor is installed in the housing, bearing block and transmission wheel. The bearings are installed in the bearing block and transmission wheel; Slip rings are installed outside the bearings, and the brushes are fixed through a tripod and a buckle. The four series-parallel lines of the two sections of the exciting coils are led out from the holes in the housing through the brushes, and are connected to the control switch and paralleled to the DC power supply from the lead-out line of the slip ring. The output line of the power generation coil and the signal line of the Hall element are led out from the grooves of the main shaft to the outside of the bearings and slip rings, and are connected to the load and the circuit board respectively.
10. Intermittent excitation type generator, characterized in that, The yoke and the compensating pole serve as the stator or as the rotor, and the exciting core and the exciting coil serve as the rotor or as the stator. The shape of the compensating pole and the yoke and the installation manner of the compensating pole within each segment of the yoke are the same as those described in claim 2 and claim 3, but it is a one-piece structure; the corresponding exciting core and exciting coil are also one-piece structures, which are salient pole type structures or claw pole type structures (the claw pole structure is concentrated excitation around the rotation axis), and the number of salient poles or claw poles is the same as the number of compensating poles; the generator with this stator-rotor structure uses continuous excitation (i.e., the exciting current is not switched by a control switch) instead of intermittent excitation; this generator outputs alternating current; when three-phase alternating current needs to be output, the number of turns of the compensating pole should be set to a multiple of 3, and the compensating poles at every one-third of the number of turns are staggered by 1 / 3 of the angle occupied by each cycle. Each cycle is that the induced magnetic flux of the compensating pole increases from 0 to the maximum, decreases to 0, then decreases to the maximum negative value, and then increases to 0, that is, the angle occupied by two compensating poles in one turn in 360 degrees (assuming there are 24 compensating poles in one turn, the cycle is 30 degrees, and it should be staggered by 10 degrees); although the angles between adjacent two phases are staggered, they are still adjacent to each other, and only the voltage output lines of each phase need to be distinguished; in addition, there are also the housing, bearings, bearing seats, slip rings, brushes, etc., which belong to the conventional installation; if what corresponds to the compensating pole is not a coil exciting mechanism but a permanent magnet and a yoke, it also belongs to the scope of patent protection.