Bone mineral density measuring system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application generally relate to a bone mineral density measurement system wherein a first embodiment of the present application describes a bone mineral density measurement system comprising: a first computing device (1007) having a first processor (10071) and a first non-volatile storage medium (10072) wherein the first non-volatile storage medium (10072) stores a first computer program, the first computing device (1007) is further capable of issuing a first instruction (1ststru) in response to receiving the input information; at least two signal transceivers, the at least two signal transceivers comprising a second transceiver (1005) and a third transceiver (1006); wherein, in response to at least two feedback signals received from the second transceiver (1005) and the third transceiver (1006), the first processor (10071) calls the first computer program, and outputs an operation result of the first computer program.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments provided by the present invention relate to a bone density measurement system, which can be applied to animals other than humans, and in particular, the bone density measurement system can be applied to the human body for non-diagnostic purposes. When it is applied to the human body, it can provide the public with a (non-diagnostic) index indicating their bone density initially. Background Art

[0002] In the field of animal physiology research and the orthopedic field of human medicine, it is generally necessary to measure the bone density of animals / humans for medical research or to diagnose diseases for patients.

[0003] Currently, according to the measurement means, bone density measurement devices and systems can be roughly divided into two types: X-ray-based bone density measurement devices and ultrasound-based bone density measurement devices.

[0004] 1. Ray-based bone density measurement device

[0005] A typical representative of the X-ray-based bone density measurement device is computed tomography (CT), which uses an X-ray beam to perform tomographic scanning on animals / humans. The advantage of this type of bone density measurement device is that the measurement result is accurate, and the soft tissues and bones of animals can be clearly displayed through the absorption degree of X-rays by different organs and tissues; therefore, in the field of clinical medicine and animal physiology research, X-ray-based bone density measurement devices are widely used to measure the bone density of humans / animals. Especially in the field of animal physiology, white mice are generally castrated, different environmental variables are applied to the white mice, and the bone density of the white mice is measured using CT to study the degree of change in the bone density of animals with different environmental variables.

[0006] Since this type of bone density measurement device needs to use radiation to measure bone density, its production, purchase, and use are usually vulnerable to the control of various countries and governments. For example, according to the announcement document (document number: No. 66 in 2017) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China and the National Health and Family Planning Commission on December 05, 2017, the radiation-based bone density measurement device belongs to at least Class III radiation devices and does not belong to the equipment that can be exempted from management. Therefore, the radiation-based bone density measurement device generally needs to be placed in institutions and places that can be supervised by the government for application, and ordinary consumers cannot purchase the radiation-based bone density measurement device at will. Further, it is worth noting that since a specific device is required to generate radiation and it is necessary to ensure that the human body / animal is not adversely affected by radiation, the radiation-based bone density measurement device is generally large in size; due to the difficulty in further reducing its size, in the field of animal physiology, generally only small animals (e.g., mice) can be used for the relevant research on bone density and environmental factors, so that these animals can be irradiated by the radiation emitted by the radiation-based bone density measurement device.

[0007] 2. Ultrasound-based bone density measurement device

[0008] Since the radiation-based bone density measurement device is strictly regulated by the governments of various countries / regions and radioactive radiation can indeed cause harm to the human body, commercial and civilian bone density measurement devices generally use ultrasonic bone density measurement devices. The working process of this type of device is based on the following principle: when ultrasonic waves pass through human tissues, different tissues in the human body (e.g., bones, soft tissues, etc.) are identified based on the different ultrasonic energy passing through the human body. Compared with the radiation-based bone density measurement device, the ultrasonic bone density measurement device does not need to be strictly supervised by the government. Therefore, the household bone density measurement device is generally an ultrasonic-based device.

[0009] Diagnostic ultrasonic bone density measurement devices are not subject to government control, but their production still needs to be strictly regulated by the government. For example, according to the GB10152-2009 standard (issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of China on November 15, 2009), ultrasonic bone density measurement devices should at least meet the requirements of the GB9706.1 standard (issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of China on April 9, 2020). At the same time, the GB9706.205 standard (issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of China on July 23, 2020) also makes specific and strict regulations on the production and manufacturing of ultrasonic diagnostic / medical devices. For example, according to Sections 201.12.4.4.101 and 201.12.4.4.103 of the GB9706.205 standard, ultrasonic diagnostic / medical devices must be equipped with output control devices and timers that meet mandatory specifications. Therefore, although ultrasonic bone density measurement devices have been widely used in the civilian market and commercial medical market, these ultrasonic bone density measurement devices are generally relatively large in size and are placed in special places and operated by specialized technical personnel. Even though ultrasonic measurement devices that can be used at home have been developed, due to the constraints of national mandatory standards, the technical complexity of these devices and the resulting price costs remain high. And it is worth noting that currently, ultrasonic bone density measurement devices are hardly applied to the field of animal physiology because ultrasonic measurement devices need to move the ultrasonic transducer probe along a certain area of the animal / human body. Due to the volume of animals and the fact that animals have more body hair than humans, it is difficult to apply existing ultrasonic measurement devices to the field of animal physiology.

[0010] In addition, some researchers have proposed using mechanical vibration to study the state of bone density, and these states can be, for example: the stiffness of the fracture healing degree, the percentage of fracture healing. However, this type of research method cannot directly measure bone density, and the premise for the establishment of these research methods is that the bones of the person being measured have been injured. In real life, not all populations have suffered orthopedic trauma. Some patients who need to measure bone density may only need to measure bone density because they have osteoporosis - this osteoporosis cannot be regarded as orthopedic trauma.

[0011] Therefore, there is a need to provide a novel bone density measurement system that is suitable for ordinary families and ordinary animal physiology researchers, has a low device complexity, and can measure the state of bone density for non-diagnostic purposes, thereby providing preliminary indication information about bone density for ordinary users and animal physiology researchers. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The disclosure of the present application provides several embodiments, which can at least solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0013] The first embodiment of the present application discloses a bone density measurement system, which can be used for non-human animals for non-diagnostic purposes, and includes: a first computing device having a first processor and a first non-volatile storage medium, wherein the first non-volatile storage medium stores a first computer program, and the first computing device can also issue a first instruction in response to receiving input information; at least two signal transceivers, the at least two signal transceivers including a second transceiver and a third transceiver; wherein, in response to at least two feedback signals received from the second transceiver and the third transceiver, the first processor calls the first computer program and outputs the operation result of the first computer program.

[0014] In the second embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the first embodiment further has the following characteristics: the second transceiver and the third transceiver are respectively located at different second positions and third positions, and at a first position different from the second position and the third position, there is a first signal.

[0015] In the third embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the second embodiment further has the following characteristics: it further includes a first transceiver, wherein, in response to receiving input information, the first computing device issues a first instruction, causing the first transceiver to emit a first signal.

[0016] In the fourth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the third embodiment further has the following characteristics: the first transceiver, the second transceiver, and the third transceiver are respectively located at different first positions, second positions, and third positions.

[0017] In the fifth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the third to fourth embodiments further has the following characteristics: the first transceiver at least includes a first signal transceiver device, a second processor, a second non-volatile storage medium, and a vibration generator, wherein the second non-volatile storage medium stores a second computer program; the second transceiver at least includes a second signal transceiver device, a third processor, a third non-volatile storage medium, and a first vibration sensor, wherein the third non-volatile storage medium stores a third computer program; the third transceiver at least includes a third signal transceiver device, a fourth processor, a fourth non-volatile storage medium, and a second vibration sensor, and the fourth non-volatile storage medium stores a fourth computer program.

[0018] In the sixth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the fifth embodiment further has the following features: In response to the first signal transceiver receiving the first instruction, the second processor calls the second computer program to cause the vibration generator to emit the first signal; in response to the second signal transceiver receiving the first signal, the first vibration sensor converts the first signal into an electrical signal for processing by the third processor, and the third processor calls the third computer program to cause the second signal transceiver to emit a first feedback signal; in response to the third signal transceiver receiving the first signal, the second vibration sensor converts the first signal into an electrical signal for processing by the fourth processor, and the fourth processor calls the fourth computer program to cause the third signal transceiver to emit a second feedback signal; in response to the first computing device receiving the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal, the first processor calls the first computer program to operate on the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal and obtain the operation result of the first computer program; wherein, the at least two feedback signals include the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal.

[0019] In the seventh embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the sixth embodiment further has the following features: wherein, the operation on the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal includes: performing a difference operation and a correlation operation on the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal to obtain a third feedback signal; obtaining information about bone density according to the third feedback signal; wherein, the correlation operation may include: normalizing each feedback signal according to the difference in the amplitude (or power) of the first signal (optional), and further dividing the difference between the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal by the amplitude of the first feedback signal.

[0020] In the eighth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the seventh embodiment further has the following features: wherein, obtaining information about bone density according to the third feedback signal includes: performing principal component analysis on the third feedback signal to at least obtain several frequency points associated with the third feedback signal, the eigenvalues corresponding to the several frequency points, and several observed values corresponding to the several frequency points; inputting the several frequency points, the eigenvalues, and the several observed values into a first database, and the first database can perform a matching operation between the several frequency points and the reference data stored inside the first database and return / output several pieces of information about bone density.

[0021] In the ninth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the eighth embodiment further has the following features: Among them, performing the matching operation and returning several pieces of information about bone density includes: for each of the several frequency points, searching for the data corresponding to the frequency points among the several frequency points inside the first database, selecting the data closest to the observed value of the frequency point as the bone density, and outputting the bone density; or for each of the several frequency points, searching for the data corresponding to the frequency points among the several frequency points inside the first database, selecting several pieces of data closest to the observed value corresponding to the frequency point and applying an interpolation / extrapolation algorithm to the several pieces of data closest to the observed value corresponding to the frequency point to obtain an interpolation / extrapolation result, taking the interpolation / extrapolation result as the bone density, and outputting the bone density.

[0022] In the tenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the ninth embodiment further has the following features: Among them, the operation result of the first computer program includes the bone density and / or a first comprehensive bone density obtained for each of the several frequency points. The first comprehensive bone density is obtained by performing a weighted operation on the bone densities corresponding to each of the several frequency points. The weighted operation includes: according to the different proportions of the eigenvalues corresponding to each frequency point in the principal component analysis among the eigenvalues of all frequency points, multiplying the bone density corresponding to each frequency point by the weight corresponding to the eigenvalue corresponding to each frequency point and summing them up.

[0023] In the eleventh embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the seventh embodiment further has the following features: Among them, obtaining information about bone density according to the third feedback signal includes: inputting the third feedback signal into a second database. The second database can match the reference data stored therein with the third feedback signal one by one according to the least squares criterion, and select the reference data with the lowest mean square error between it and the third feedback signal as the bone density, and output the bone density as the operation result of the first computer program.

[0024] In the twelfth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the third to eleventh embodiments further has the following features: Among them, the first signal is mechanical vibration, and it is in the form of pulse vibration (or impulse function) in the time domain, its frequency range is 2000Hz - 7000 Hz, and the number of frequency points is one of the following numbers: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048.

[0025] In the thirteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the twelfth embodiment further has the following features: The number of samples of the first signal in the time domain should be at least half (preferably equal to) the number of frequency points of the third feedback signal, and the sampling frequency of the first signal in the time domain should be greater than or equal to twice the sampling frequency of the third feedback signal, and particularly preferably, the sampling frequency of the first signal in the time domain is greater than or equal to five times or ten times the sampling frequency of the third feedback signal.

[0026] In the fourteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the third to thirteenth embodiments further has the following features: The first transceiver is missing (or rather, the first transceiver does not exist in the above embodiments), and the first signal is a signal whose signal amplitude is within a certain range.

[0027] In the fifteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the fourteenth embodiment further has the following features: The first signal is generated in the following manner: In response to the input information including an indication of the manual mode, the first computing device receives a number of inputs from the first vibration sensor of the second transceiver integrated on the bone density measurement system, and determines an amplitude interval according to the number of inputs; the first computing device issues a first instruction; in response to the energy of the first feedback signal in the time domain not falling within the amplitude interval, the first feedback signal and the corresponding second feedback signal are ignored.

[0028] In the sixteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the first to fifteenth embodiments further has the following features: Among them, the first instruction, the first feedback signal, and the second feedback signal are signals in any of the following forms: radio, laser, visible light, Bluetooth, infrared light.

[0029] In the seventeenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the first to sixteenth embodiments further has the following features: Among them, the first computing device further includes a transceiver device, and the transceiver device can at least receive signals corresponding to the first instruction and the at least two feedback signals.

[0030] In the eighteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the eleventh to seventeenth embodiments further has the following features: Among them, the first database and the second database are the same database.

[0031] In the nineteenth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the eleventh to eighteenth embodiments further has the following features: Among them, one or both of the first database and the second database are located in the following computing devices: the first computing device and / or the cloud server.

[0032] In the twentieth embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the second to nineteenth embodiments further has the following features: the first position is the hock or tarsus of a quadrupedal hoofed animal, the second position is a position substantially on the same horizontal plane as the first position, and the third position is the fetlock joint or pastern bone or coronary bone or hoof bone of the quadrupedal hoofed animal. Particularly preferably, the second position and the third position are located on the same bone.

[0033] In the twenty - first embodiment of the present application, the bone density measurement system according to the second to nineteenth embodiments further has the following features: the first position is the patella of an ape, the second position is the medial malleolus of the tibia (or the middle of the femoral condyle) of the ape, and the third position is the medial malleolus bone of the ape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic bone densitometer in the prior art;

[0035] Figure 1b 、 Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of a CT bone densitometer in the prior art;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the bone density measurement system disclosed in the embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Figures 3a - 3d respectively show schematic diagrams of the structures of the respective computing devices according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figures 4a - 4c respectively show exemplary setting methods of the positions of the respective computing devices of the bone density measurement system according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figures 5a - 5b respectively show the schematic diagram of the principle of using an acoustic device to detect a fiberboard in the prior art and the schematic diagram of the principle of using an acoustic device to measure the bone density of an object to be measured according to the embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 shows a frequency response curve graph of a certain type of animal body with specific biological properties and different bone densities;

[0041] Figures 7a - 7j shows methods, processes, and steps that can achieve the technical objectives of the respective embodiments of the present application, for non - diagnostic purposes and can be applied to non - human animal bodies.

[0042] List of reference numerals

[0043] Hock joint 0001; Tarsal bone 0002; Fetlock joint 0003; Pastern bone 0004; Coronet bone 0005; Coffin bone 0006; Knee joint 0007; Tibia 0008; Patella 0101; Middle part of femoral condyle 0102; Medial malleolus of tibia 0103; Tibia 0104; Medial malleolus bone 0105; Lateral malleolus bone 0106; Ultrasonic bone densitometer 1001; Ultrasonic probe 1002; CT bone densitometer 1003; First transceiver 1004; First signal transceiver device 10041; Second processor 10042; Second non-volatile storage medium 10043; Vibration generator 10044; Second transceiver 1005; Second signal transceiver device 10051; Third processor 10052; Third non-volatile storage medium 10053; First vibration sensor 10054; Third transceiver 1006; Third signal transceiver device 10061; Fourth processor 10062; Fourth non-volatile storage medium 10063; Second vibration sensor 10064; First computing device 1007; First processor 10071; First non-volatile storage medium 10072; First instruction 1st_instru; First signal 1st_sig; First feedback signal 1st_feed; Second feedback signal 2nd_feed; Total feedback signal gen_feed; Operation result oper_result; Cloud clo; Bus bus; First / Second / Third / Fourth microphone Mic.1 / Mic.2 / Mic.3 / Mic.4; Speaker Loud.; Sample to be measured TEST_Sa; IM_TU impedance tube.

[0044] Since the bone structures of some parts of apes and quadrupeds are relatively similar, therefore, in order to clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the applicant declares that in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the features with the prefix "00" represent the body parts of quadruped hoofed animals, and the features with the prefix "01" represent the body parts of apes (including humans). Detailed implementation manners

[0045] For the convenience of elaborating the embodiments of the present application, the applicant defines: "inner side" refers to the position where the left hind foot and the right hind foot of a (quadruped) animal are opposite to each other when the animal stands, taking its perspective as the reference perspective. For apes (humans), the position opposite to their left foot and right foot is the "inner side" (or the position of the medial malleolus is the "inner side"); the definition of "outer side" is opposite to that of the "inner side", which refers to the direction away from the left hind foot and / or away from the right hind foot of a (quadruped) animal when the animal stands, taking its perspective as the reference perspective. For apes (humans), the position opposite to the "inner side" position of their left foot and right foot is the "outer side" (or the position of the lateral malleolus is the "outer side"). In the embodiments of the present application, "up", "down", "left", and "right" refer to the directions taking the perspective of the animal as the reference perspective when the animal stands.

[0046] It should be noted that in the embodiments disclosed in the present application, it is assumed that the bones of the measured animal / human have not suffered orthopedic trauma (for example, fractures, bone fractures that have occurred). If the bones of the measured animal / human have indeed suffered trauma, those skilled in the art can adjust the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present application and use the models of the healing degree of the traumatized bones disclosed in the prior art to implement this measurement, as disclosed in the patent document US6024711A.

[0047] Bone densitometers (bone density measurement devices) are known to those skilled in the art. Typical bone densitometers include ultrasonic bone densitometers and CT bone densitometers. These bone densitometers generally require professional medical staff to operate.

[0048] For example, referring to Figure 1a , it shows a medical staff using an ultrasonic bone densitometer 1001 to measure the bone density of a certain patient. The specific measurement method is as follows: The medical staff first applies a lubricating fluid to the patient's arm, and then uses an ultrasonic probe 1002 to reciprocally move it along the distribution position of the lubricating fluid. During this process, the ultrasonic probe 1002 continuously emits ultrasonic waves to Figure 1a the right arm of the patient in it. After the ultrasonic waves pass through the patient's right arm, different sound field distributions are generated. Through the calculation of the calculation device of the ultrasonic bone densitometer 1001, the bone density of the user can be inferred.

[0049] For example, referring to Figure 1b , it shows the process of measuring bone density of a user / patient using a CT bone densitometer. The patient lies flat on the platform of the CT bone densitometer 1003, and their feet are tied to the wedge-shaped blocks on the platform. The ray generator is located above the lower body of the patient. To avoid being irradiated by unnecessary rays, the upper body of the patient is covered with a radiation protection cloth, and only the lower body is exposed.Figure 1c Another form of the CT bone density detector 1003 is shown. However, different from Figure 1b the example shown, the CT bone density detector 1003 including the ray generator is located above the upper body of the patient. Therefore, when measuring the bone density of the patient, it still needs to be adjusted to the position of the lower body of the patient. It should be noted that in the field of animal medicine, the vast majority of research applications are for the CT bone density detector 1003, rather than the ultrasonic bone density detector 1001.

[0050] As Figures 1a - 1c can be seen, the existing bone density detectors not only require professional medical staff to operate, but also have the disadvantages of large volume and inconvenient movement, which prevent the popularization of bone density detectors.

[0051] To at least solve the above disadvantages, the present application provides a bone density measurement system. As Figure 2 shown, it at least includes: a first computing device 1007, which is shown in the form of a mobile phone in this embodiment, but in other embodiments, it can also be in the form of a desktop computer, a laptop computer, etc., for, for example, measuring experiments of animal bone age, etc.; at least two signal transceivers - for example, a second transceiver 1005 and a third transceiver 1006. As Figure 3a shown, the first computing device may include: a first processor 10071, a first non-volatile storage medium 10072 storing a first computer program. The first computing device 1007 issues a first instruction 1st_instru in response to receiving input information.

[0052] Exemplarily, the input information mentioned above can be parameters set by the user of the bone density measurement system for the object to be measured. For example, the input information may include: what kind of animal the object to be measured is, whether this measurement is for ape animals or humans, the age, gender of the object to be measured, whether the part to be measured of the object to be measured has ever suffered orthopedic trauma, whether the online mode or the offline mode is required for this measurement activity, whether the precise measurement or the rapid measurement is required for this measurement activity, whether specific and accurate bone density measurement results are required, the user's feedback on the previous bone density results, whether the full-automatic mode or the offline mode or the manual mode is required for this measurement activity, and if the user selects the offline mode, which specific offline mode is selected, and so on.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present application, the second transceiver 1005 and the third transceiver 1006 are respectively located at different second positions and third positions, and at a first position different from the second position and the third position, there is a first signal 1st_sig.

[0054] The first signal 1st_sig mentioned above can be analogized to ultrasonic waves in the prior art. However, different from the prior art, the first signal 1st_sig is a mechanical vibration that can be perceived by humans. For example, it can be a sound (20 Hz - 20,000 Hz) that can be perceived by human hearing. Therefore, compared with the bone density measurement devices in the prior art, the bone density measurement system provided in this application has a lower cost and is more conducive to popularization among the general public and ordinary consumers. For example, the cost of an ultrasonic transducer chip required for a medical ultrasonic transducer is at least 3 yuan, but the cost of a complete vibration module is only 2.8 yuan. It should be particularly noted that the ultrasonic transducer chip itself cannot emit ultrasonic waves, but a vibration module can emit mechanical vibrations with specific power and frequency. Therefore, in fact, the market cost of the bone density measurement system provided in the embodiments of this application is much lower than the cost of ultrasonic transducers in the prior art.

[0055] The second position and the third position mentioned above are set at different parts of the object to be measured according to different animal categories. The setting principle for these two positions is that at these two positions, the thickness of the soft tissues (such as skin and body hair) of the animal (including humans) should be as small as possible to avoid the absorption of mechanical vibrations by the soft tissues and affect the final bone density measurement result. For example, for bipedal animals such as apes (including humans), the second position is the medial malleolus of the tibia 0103 (or the midpoint of the femoral condyle 0102) of the ape, and the third position is the medial malleolus bone 0105 of the ape, as Figures 4a - 4b shown (the lower limbs of humans are shown in these two figures, but for apes such as chimpanzees, the setting method for these two positions is also applicable). It can be Figure 4a clearly seen that the second transceiver 1005 is arranged at the adjacent position of the midpoint of the femoral condyle 0102 and the medial malleolus of the tibia 0103, the third transceiver 1006 is arranged at the medial malleolus bone 0105, and particularly preferably, the second transceiver 1005 and the third transceiver 1006 are arranged on the same bone. Further preferably, the first transceiver 1004, the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006 are arranged on the same bone; for quadruped hoofed animals, there are more setting methods for the second position and the third position because, compared with apes, quadruped hoofed animals (such as cows, horses, sheep, etc.) have more bones in their lower limbs. Referring to Figure 4c it shows a skeletal diagram of a quadruped hoofed animal with a horse as an example. According to the corresponding Figure 4cIn an embodiment, the second position is a position substantially on the same horizontal plane as the first position (i.e., near the hock 0001 or the tarsus 0002), and the third position is the fetlock joint 0003 or the pastern bone or the coronary bone 0005 or the pedal bone 0006 of the quadruped. Since there are various ways to set the second position and the third position on the quadruped, for example, particularly preferably, the second position and the third position can also be located on the same bone. Further preferably, the first transceiver 1004, the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006 are arranged at the same bone. Therefore, in Figure 4c the various computing devices described in the embodiments of the present application are no longer shown.

[0056] The applicant declares that Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b in, the first transceiver 1004, the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006 have been shown to be located in the same bone - although the first transceiver 1004 and the third transceiver 1006 are shown to be located at the joint of different bones. Those skilled in the art can combine the knowledge in the medical field (especially the field of anatomy) to find one or more suitable bones as the placement positions of the bone density measurement system; as for whether the first transceiver 1004, the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006 are placed on the "same bone", those skilled in the art should start from the knowledge in the medical field (especially the field of anatomy), and cannot only judge based on the medical names of the bones where the three are located. For example, Figure 4a shows that the first transceiver 1004 is located at the patella 0101, the second transceiver 1005 is located at the middle of the femoral condyle 0102 or the medial malleolus of the tibia 0103, and the third transceiver 1006 is located at the medial malleolus bone 0105. In fact, the above - mentioned computing devices are located at different parts of the same bone, and these parts have different medical names. Therefore, when ordinary consumers need to apply the bone density measurement system disclosed in the embodiments of the present application, they need to follow certain rules to successfully obtain data on their own bone density parameters. Considering that ordinary consumers are not professionals in the medical field, preferably, the first computing device 1007 has a display screen. When the first computing device 1007 is actuated, it will correspondingly show relevant instructions (in the form of text, pictures, videos, etc.) to guide the user of the bone density measurement system to install each computing device of the bone density measurement system at a preferred and suitable position; of course, the manufacturer of the bone density measurement system can also choose to attach a paper - based instruction manual separately outside the bone density measurement system to explain the operation process of operating the bone density measurement system.

[0057] The acoustic technology applied in the bone density measurement system described in the embodiments of this application involves sound waves with frequencies perceptible to humans in the range of 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz. Its general principle is that any object with an unknown density (which can also be further filled with substances of other densities inside, for example, a wooden board with an unknown density filled with a fluid medium) can be regarded as a porous object. When sound waves of different frequencies pass through this object, the energy transmitted by the sound waves is different; in other words, objects with different densities have different sound resonance frequencies. If the sound resonance frequency of a measured object can be obtained during the measurement activity, the apparent density / total density of this object can be obtained based on relevant prior knowledge.

[0058] Reference Figure 5a 、 Figure 5b and in combination with the literature "Influence of Density on Sound Absorption Coefficient of Fibre Board" (https: / / doi.org / 10.4236 / oja.2017.71001; authors: Anand Nandanwar; M.C. Kiran; K.Ch. Varadarajulu) to further elaborate the technical principle of the measurement system provided in the embodiments of this application below.

[0059] Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of using the standing wave method to measure the sample to be measured TEST_Sa. The sample to be measured TEST_Sa (the part corresponding to the cross-hatched section) is placed inside the impedance tube IM_TU, and the loudspeaker Loud. is used as the excitation source, and the first microphone Mic.1, the second microphone Mic.2, the third microphone Mic.3, and the fourth microphone Mic.4 are used as vibration / acoustic sensors. Among them, the distance between the first microphone Mic.1 and the second microphone Mic.2 is s1, the distance between the second microphone Mic.2 and the sample to be measured TEST_Sa is d1, the distance between the first microphone Mic.1 and the sample to be measured TEST_Sa is s1 + d1, the distance between the third microphone Mic.3 and the fourth microphone Mic.4 is s2, the distance between the third microphone Mic.3 and the sample to be measured TEST_Sa is d2, and the distance between the fourth microphone Mic.4 and the sample to be measured TEST_Sa is s2 + d2. At the start of the measurement activity, the loudspeaker Loud. emits sound waves with power P i and a specific frequency mainly through the air medium towards the sample to be measured TEST_Sa; after this sound wave passes through the sample to be measured TEST_Sa and reaches the third / fourth microphone Mic.3 / 4, its power attenuates to P t ; and through reflection, sound waves with power P tr are generated. AtFigure 5a In the measurement scheme shown, generally, at the end of the impedance tube IM_TU (i.e., Figure 5a the rightmost side or the position indicated by the reference numeral "IM_TU"), a sound absorption device (such as sponge or sound-absorbing rubber, etc.) is provided. Therefore, most of the sound energy from P t will be absorbed, making P tr close to 0, and further making the energy represented by P tr insufficient to further pass through the sample to be measured TEST_Sa. Therefore, P r is mainly the reflected sound energy of P i from the sample surface.

[0060] Based on Figure 5a the prior art shown, the embodiments provided in the present application are generally based on Figure 5b the technical scheme shown. Compared with Figure 5a the embodiments shown, in the embodiments of the present application, the loudspeaker Loud. is replaced by the first transceiver 1004 or other forms of input energy, and the impedance tube IM_TU is cancelled (or rather, the sample to be measured TEST_Sa as a whole replaces the impedance tube IM_TU; or rather, the length of the sample to be measured is extended to near the first / fourth microphone Mic.1 / 4 or the second / third transceiver 1005 / 1006). In Figure 5b the embodiments shown, since when the sound wave transmits from the excitation source (loudspeaker Loud. and the first transceiver 1004) to the sensor (the first microphone Mic.1, the fourth microphone Mic.4 / the second transceiver 1005, the third transceiver 1006), it basically propagates through the sample to be measured TEST_Sa, therefore, P tr and P r can be ignored. Compared with Figure 5a the embodiments shown, in Figure 5b the embodiments shown, the third microphone Mic.3 and the second microphone Mic.2 are cancelled.

[0061] The bone density measurement system presented in the embodiments of the present application can operate in a fully automatic mode (also known as the "online mode") and an offline mode. The following will further describe in detail each embodiment provided in the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Fully automatic mode

[0063] In the fully automatic mode, the bone density measurement system described in the embodiments of the present application needs to rely on the support of the network service provided by the telecommunications operator. In this mode, the bone density measurement system described in the embodiments of the present application can provide the most accurate measurement results. In Figure 2In this case, the data link between the cloud clo and the first computing device 1007 needs to be provided by a telecommunications operator.

[0064] In this mode, the first signal 1st_sig, which is the excitation source of the detection signal, needs to be emitted through a dedicated device, the first transceiver 1004, to ensure the consistency, comparability, and stability of the detection signal.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present application, the first transceiver 1004 is set at a first position, which is different from both the second position and the third position, but is generally in the same horizontal plane as the second position (when the animal is in a standing state).

[0066] The first position is set according to the following principles: (1) At this first position, the thickness of the soft tissue (such as skin, body hair) of the animal (including humans) should be as small as possible to avoid the absorption of mechanical vibration by the soft tissue and affect the final bone density measurement result (for example, for ape animals, it is preferable to set it on the patella 0101, and for quadruped hoofed animals, it is preferable to set it on the hock 0001 or the tarsal bone 0002). (2) The distance between the first position and the second position should be as short as possible, preferably on the same bone. However, considering that the vibration conducted through the air may interfere with the measurement result, if the distance between the first position and the second position is too small when they are near the same bone, the second position can be set near the first position, but it should be ensured that the first position and the second position are preferably connected by as few bones as possible (preferably both the first position and the second position are set on the same bone). (3) The first position and the third position are preferably connected by as few bones as possible (because the connection between different bones will cause energy loss of the vibration wave, and this energy loss will have an adverse effect on bone density measurement), but the distance between the two positions should be as long as possible (because vibration can also be transmitted through the air. If the distance between the two positions is long enough, the vibration transmitted through the air can be excluded, and the vibration can pass through as much bone tissue as possible, and the finally measured bone density is more representative to eliminate the influence of excessive or too small local bone density).

[0067] In the full-automatic mode, the working process of the bone density measurement system provided by the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0068] A. The user inputs relevant input information through the first computing device to actuate all computing devices to wake them up from the sleep state (optional);

[0069] B. After the first computing device 1007 is actuated, it sends the first instruction 1st_instru to the first transceiver 1004; specifically, the first instruction 1st_instru can be received by the first signal transceiver device 10041 of the first transceiver 1004. After the first signal transceiver device 10041 receives this first instruction 1st_instru, the second processor 10042 of the first transceiver 1004 will correspondingly retrieve the second computer program inside its second non-volatile storage medium 10043. After this second computer program is executed, the second processor 10042 will actuate the vibration generator 10044 to emit the first signal 1st_sig. The first signal 1st_sig, exemplarily, is in the form of mechanical vibration, and it is a time-domain pulse signal (that is, in the time domain, it can be modeled in the form of an impulse function, and the value of the impulse function at all frequency points in the frequency domain is 1; and, in order to ensure the comparability of measurement data between bone density measurement systems produced by different manufacturers, in the embodiments of the present application, the power of the first signal sent by the first computing device 1007 is limited to 1 watt; if those skilled in the art deem it necessary to increase the power of the first signal to P x watts, then it is necessary to perform a normalization operation on the amplitudes of the subsequent feedback signals. For example, the amplitudes of the first and second feedback signals should be correspondingly divided by P x ). The specific parameters of the first signal 1st_sig can be stored, for example, in the second computer program, or can be stored, for example, in the first instruction 1st_instru and then written into the relevant program inside the second computer program or the second non-volatile storage medium 10043 by the second processor 10042 and executed.

[0070] C. The first signal 1st_sig is mainly transmitted through the bones of the animal and received by the second transceiver 1005 and the third transceiver 1006 (specifically, it can be received, for example, by the second signal transceiver device 10051 of the second transceiver 1005 and the third signal transceiver device 10061 of the third transceiver 1006). After receiving the first signal 1st_sig and converting it into an electrical signal through the first vibration sensor 10054 / second vibration sensor 10064, the third processor 10052 of the second transceiver 1005 calls a third computer program. The execution of the third computer program enables the third processor 10052 to actuate, for example, the second signal transceiver device 10051 to send a first feedback signal 1st_feed to the first computing device 1007. The first feedback signal 1st_feed is a time-domain signal and is equal to the ratio of the signal parameters (amplitude, phase, etc.) sensed at the second signal transceiver device 10051 after the first signal 1st_sig is transmitted to the distance between the first computing device 1007 and the second transceiver 1005. At the same time, the fourth processor 10062 of the third transceiver 1006 calls a fourth computer program. The execution of the fourth computer program enables the fourth processor 10062 to actuate, for example, the third signal transceiver device 10061 to send a second feedback signal 2nd_feed to the first computing device 1007. The second feedback signal 2nd_feed is a time-domain signal and the signal parameters are equal to the ratio of the signal parameters (amplitude, phase, etc.) sensed at the third signal transceiver device 10061 after the first signal 1st_sig is transmitted to the distance between the first computing device 1007 and the third transceiver 1006.

[0071] D. After receiving the first feedback signal 1st_feed and receiving the second feedback signal 2nd_feed, the first processor 10071 of the first computing device 1007 calls a first computer program to obtain the operation result oper_result (i.e., the bone density of the object to be measured) of the first computer program based on the first feedback signal 1st_feed and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed. The execution process of the first computer program can at least enable the first processor 10071 to execute:

[0072] D.1 The first feedback signal 1st_feed and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed are subtracted in the frequency domain, and the obtained difference is divided by the amplitude of the first feedback signal to obtain a third feedback signal 3rd_feed, that is, |3rd_feed| = |1st_feed (frequency domain) - 2nd_feed (frequency domain)| ÷ |1st_feed (time domain or frequency domain)|, where "|x|" represents taking the absolute value of "x" (alternatively, the first feedback signal 1st_feed and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed can be subtracted first, and then the obtained difference is divided by the amplitude of the first feedback signal 1st_feed, and the fast Fourier transform FFT is applied to the obtained value to obtain the third feedback signal 3rd_feed; theoretically, if the distance between the second transceiver 1005 and the first transceiver 1004 is close enough, the amplitude of the first feedback signal |1st_feed (time domain or frequency domain)| is equal to the power of the first signal and equal to 1 watt, and the above formula can be directly simplified to |3rd_feed| = |1st_feed (frequency domain) - 2nd_feed (frequency domain)|); among them, the value range of the third feedback signal 3rd_feed is defined as: x3 = {x 3-1 , x 3-2 , … x 3-n}, where n can correspond to the number of FFT points when the first feedback signal 1st_feed and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed in the time domain are converted into frequency domain signals, or correspond to the number of FFT points of the above difference (time domain). Among them, x 3-1 represents the starting frequency point, x 3-n represents the ending frequency point. In the embodiments of the present application, the frequency step is fixed and its value can be calculated as |x 3-n - x 3-(n-1) |. Correspondingly, its value range is defined as {y 3-1 , y 3-2 , … y 3-n}, and y 3-n represents the energy decrease at the frequency point n;

[0073] Among them, considering that the third feedback signal 3rd_feed may have multiple samples in a certain time period, that is, the measurement activity is carried out multiple times (assumed to be m times) in this time period, or in other words, the first signal 1st_sig has multiple (correspondingly, the first feedback signal 1st_feed and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed also have multiple or m). Therefore, these measurement data can be placed in a matrix Y3:

[0074]

[0075] Roughly corresponding to the frequency range of the first signal 1st_sig, the frequency range of the third feedback signal 3rd_feed is 2000 Hz - 7000 Hz, and the number of frequency points is one of the following: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048. However, it should be specifically noted that in order to meet the requirements of the Nyquist sampling theorem, the sampling frequency (and / or the number of frequency points) of the first signal 1st_sig should be at least twice (preferably five times) the sampling frequency (and / or the number of frequency points) of the third feedback signal 3rd_feed.

[0076] D.2 Perform principal component analysis (PCA) on the matrix Y3 formed by the third feedback signal 3rd_feed to obtain a set x = {x key 1, x key 2, … x key i} of key i frequency points, the signal values corresponding to each frequency point in the set x (where it represents: the arithmetic mean of all observed values at the given frequency x key i , or it can also be expressed as: in the matrix Y3, the arithmetic mean of all elements in the column where the frequency x key i is located. For example: if the number of observations / measurements is 4 and x includes the frequency point 500 Hz, then the arithmetic mean of all matrix elements in the column where the frequency point 500 Hz is located in the matrix Y3 is used to solve the ) corresponding to the frequency point 500 Hz, the eigenvalues λ = {λ1, λ2 …… λ i}, and in order to save computing resources consumed by the computer, the embodiment of the present application does not consider the frequency points where the eigenvalue is 0, that is, in the embodiment of the present application, all eigenvalues ​​are greater than 0. Wherein, where i≤n. PCA has been widely used in the academic field, and the steps involving PCA described above can all be implemented (for example, see Li Jianxiong's "Study on the Urbanization of County-level Towns-Taking the Southeast Block of Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province as an Example" published in "Economist" Issue 01, 2021; further, Li Jianxiong's research shows that the sum of the energy of the two eigenvalues ​​with the largest numerical values ​​in the eigenvalue accounts for more than 95% of the total eigenvalue energy, so in the preferred embodiment of the present application, only two eigenvalues ​​are considered, and the remaining eigenvalues ​​are set to zero). Preferably, PCA is executed in the cloud clo to avoid consuming the computing resources of the first computing device 1007 as a local device. However, if the computing resources of the first computing device 1007 are large enough, for example, the first computing device 1007 itself is a dedicated server, PCA can also be executed at the first computing device 1007.

[0077] It is necessary to explain that, since PCA needs to be performed on Y3, the PCA process involves eigenvalue decomposition. Therefore, preferably, the number of rows of Y3 should be equal to the number of columns (i.e., m=n); if it is indeed impossible to perform multiple observations in the time domain (i.e., it is impossible to achieve m=n; or, the number of observation activities in the time domain m cannot reach the number of FFT / IFFT points n), at least m should not be less than half of n, that is, the number of samples observed in the time domain (or, the number of samples of the first signal in the time domain m) should at least reach half of the number of FFT points.

[0078] D.3 Input set x into the first database and find the corresponding frequency response at each frequency point in set x The frequency response is stored in the first database, which is constructed in the following way: emitting the time pulse vibration as described above on an animal body with known bone density and specific biological attributes (e.g., gender, species, age, etc.), and obtaining the energy difference of the feedback signal in the frequency domain at a unit distance monitored at different second positions and third positions at a frequency x3={x 3-1 ,x 3-2 ,…x 3-n The monitored frequency response under

[0079] It should be noted that since it is necessary to measure the bone density of multiple animals of the same species with different bone densities, the same frequency point x of the same animal 3-n The following can correspond to different frequency responses At this time, an xkey i May correspond to multiple

[0080] For example, referring to Figure 6 , which shows the frequency response ||y|| (ordinate) of a certain animal with different bone densities ρ1, ρ2, ρ3 at different sound frequencies f (abscissa). It can be seen that at any given frequency point f1, the frequency responses of bones with different bone densities are different from each other.

[0081] It should be noted that the frequency response ||y|| is a dimensionless physical quantity. This is because, in the process of calculating the third feedback signal, the difference between the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal also needs to be divided by the power value (or energy value) of the first feedback signal; and, according to the law of conservation of energy, it can also be known that the lower limit of the frequency response ||y|| is 0 and the upper limit is 1. This is because the energy value (power value) of the first feedback signal is close to the first signal, but when the first signal is transmitted to the third position, since the distance between the first position and the third position is much larger than the distance between the first position and the second position, the energy value (power value) of the first signal will suffer a certain degree of attenuation. That is to say, in theory, the amplitude of the first feedback signal should be greater than the amplitude of the second feedback signal, so the third feedback signal should generally be less than 1.

[0082] In addition, it should be clear that although the energy value (power value) of the first feedback signal is close to the first signal, in the actual measurement process, the energy value (power value) of the first feedback signal can be greater than the energy value (power value) of the first signal. This is because the organism itself will have some vibrations, and the measurement activity may also be affected by mechanical vibrations / sound waves from the outside world. Therefore, it is normal for the energy value (power value) of the first feedback signal to be greater than the energy value (power value) of the first signal. And thus, the applicant suggests strictly distinguishing the energy values (power values) of the first feedback signal and the first signal, and should not easily regard the two as physical quantities with approximately the same or identical numerical values.

[0083] In order to obtain appropriate bone density data, in one embodiment of the present application, the following operations are performed: In each of oper_result, find the one closest to and use this one closest to as the corresponding for this frequency point x as corresponding to the frequency point x key iBone density measurement results. It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the process of training the first database using machine learning methods is also involved. During this training process, based on the benchmark bone density data actually measured and manually input by technicians, technical means such as neural networks and supervised learning are used to learn the bone density corresponding to different frequency responses at each frequency point. Therefore, the closest above-mentioned of does not necessarily specifically refer to the observed data obtained through physiological experiments, and it can also be predicted data obtained through technical means such as machine learning.

[0084] In another alternative embodiment of the present application, the following operations are performed. Among the oper_result find the closest several Apply the interpolation / extrapolation algorithm to these several The obtained value is the bone density measurement result corresponding to the frequency point x key i For example, select the 2 closest ones (Combined with Figure 6 the example, this example can be modeled as: Given the frequency responses of ρ2 and ρ3 at a certain frequency point f1, solve ρ1 according to this frequency point f1 and the observed value at this frequency point), The bone density corresponding to the distribution curve where is 1.02, The bone density corresponding to the distribution curve where is 1.06, then, through the linear extrapolation algorithm, the corresponding bone density estimate can be estimated as, for example: For example, select the 2 closest ones (Combined with Figure 6 the example, this example can be modeled as: Given the frequency responses of ρ1 and ρ3 at a certain frequency point f1, solve ρ2 according to this frequency point f1 and the observed value at this frequency point) The bone density corresponding to the distribution curve where is 1.03, The bone density corresponding to the distribution curve where is 1.09, then, through the linear interpolation algorithm, the corresponding bone density estimate can be estimated as, for example:

[0085]

[0086] It should be particularly noted that before the above-mentioned matching process, there is also a process of selecting a sample set, and the biological attributes of this sample set are the closest to the biological attributes of the animal to be measured among all the biological attributes of the samples stored in the first database. The reference data involved in the above-mentioned matching process is limited to this sample set. Only on the premise of having the same biological attributes, the frequency response curves of each reference data will be parallel to each other.

[0087] Preferably, the first database is placed in the cloud clo to save the storage resources and computing resources of the first computing device 1007. However, it can also be placed in the first computing device 1007 (if conditions permit).

[0088] D.4 After going through the above steps, the operation result oper_result of the first computer program can be obtained (specifically, the bone density measurement results at each characteristic frequency point). In Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the operation result oper_result of the first computer program is fed back from the cloud clo to the first computing device 1007 in the form of a total feedback signal gen_feed. However, as described in item D.3, at this time, there is more than one bone density measurement result, and since these bone density results correspond to different frequency points, these bone density measurement results are not necessarily the same. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, the operation result oper_result (and / or the total feedback signal gen_feed) may include the bone density measurement results at each characteristic frequency point. Optionally, the operation result oper_result (and / or the total feedback signal gen_feed) may also include the credibility of the bone density measurement result at a certain characteristic frequency point, and this credibility is calculated by the following method: credibility of bone density (corresponding to a certain frequency point) = eigenvalue of bone density (corresponding to this frequency point) / sum of all eigenvalues × 100%. After obtaining the bone density and credibility at each characteristic frequency point, a first comprehensive bone density can be calculated therefrom for the user using the embodiments of the present application to refer to, and this first comprehensive bone density is calculated by the following method: first comprehensive bone density = ∑(bone density measured at a certain characteristic frequency point × credibility of bone density at this characteristic frequency point). All of the above bone densities, including the bone density, credibility, and first comprehensive bone density calculated at each characteristic frequency point, can be used as part of the operation result oper_result (and / or the total feedback signal gen_feed) and fed back to the user. This feedback to the user can be presented to the user, for example, through the text and graphic information on the display screen of the first computing device 1007, and through the speaker of the first computing device 1007 as a sound signal.

[0089] The full-automatic mode of the embodiments of the present application has many advantages: (1) The computing resources and storage resources of the first computing device 1007 as the local end can be greatly simplified; (2) The database, especially the first database, can be shared by different users. And if the user subsequently uses a CT / ultrasonic bone density measurement device to further accurately map the bone density of the measured object, the bone density database stored in the database of the embodiments of the present application can also be updated to provide more accurate reference data for other users or further measurements by the user at a later time (of course, this requires obtaining the authorization of the user and conforming to the constraints of the norms regarding personal information, private information, privacy, etc. in each region / country); (3) The application of the PCA technology reduces the amount of data to be processed / computed. As those skilled in the art who have used FFT / IFFT know, the amount of data using the FFT / IFFT technical solution is generally large because the number of points of FFT / IFFT is generally a positive integer power of 2, and correspondingly the number of data points to be processed is also a positive integer power of 2. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, when applied to the human body, the value range of the characteristic frequency points is generally 2000 Hz - 7000 Hz. Even if the frequency step is 100 Hz, there are 50 data points to be processed. And if a larger frequency step is taken, although the amount of data to be processed can be reduced and thus the computing cost can be reduced, this will result in insufficient resolution of the final output data. The application of the PCA technology reduces the number of frequency points to be processed to generally less than 5, and these characteristic frequency points are selected from a relatively large overall sample and are fully representative, and the final output data also has sufficient resolution; (4) The PCA technology fully considers the physiological differences of different measured individuals. For example, although in the experiments conducted by the applicant, when applied to the human body, the value range of the characteristic frequency points is generally 2000 Hz - 7000 Hz, but specifically for each individual, the difference in the characteristic frequency points is relatively large. For example, for some individuals, the frequency points corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue differ by at least 3000 Hz, but the frequency difference of the frequency points corresponding to the smaller minimum eigenvalue is less than 50 Hz. That is to say, each measured individual has its own characteristic frequency points. After using the PCA technology, the differences of each individual are fully considered, which is more conducive to obtaining accurate bone density measurement results.

[0090] Offline mode

[0091] In the embodiments provided by the present application, there are also provided technical solutions that can independently measure bone density at the local end without relying on external communication / telecom services, and / or technical solutions whose computing amount is greatly compressed although external communication / telecom services are used. Regarding the "offline mode", the embodiments of the present application describe the first / second / third offline modes.

[0092] First offline mode

[0093] In an embodiment of the present application, in order to avoid the huge demand for the computing power of computer devices brought about by PCA and to avoid the extension of measurement time caused by multiple transmissions of multiple first signals, the PCA step in the full-automatic mode is omitted. At this time, there is no need to perform multiple measurement activities within a specific time period. Or, in other words, even if m > 1, m does not need to strictly satisfy the constraint relationship between m and n described in item D.2 above.

[0094] In this first offline mode, if there is a first transceiver 1004, the technical solutions defined in items A - D.1 in the above-mentioned full-automatic mode, as well as the technical solutions associated with items A - D.1, are still applicable to this mode.

[0095] After obtaining the third feedback signal 3rd_feed, in this embodiment, the third feedback signal 3rd_feed is input into a second database (generally, the second database can be set at the local end 1007). The second database can match the reference data stored therein with the third feedback signal 3rd_feed one by one according to the least squares criterion, and select the reference data with the lowest mean square error between it and the third feedback signal 3rd_feed as the bone density, and output the bone density as the operation result oper_result of the first computer program.

[0096] That is to say, assuming that there are N (the "N" here is not equal to the "n" above) frequency-related reference bone density curves ρ1, ρ2... ρ N in the second database, for the third feedback signal 3rd_feed with a length of n obtained in the mth observation (the mathematical form of which corresponds to the last row of matrix Y3 above), select a curve ρ x from the N reference bone density curves such that the mean square error MSE x between ρ ρx-3rd_feed and the third feedback signal 3rd_feed obtained in the mth observation is the smallest. Among the mean square errors MSE random between any other reference bone density curve ρ ρrandom-3rd_feed and the third feedback signal 3rd_feed, it is the smallest (where ρ x is a subset of ρ random ). Or, |ρ x -3rd_feed| 2 ≤|ρ random -3rd_feed| 2 where ρ x is ρrandom a subset. It should be noted that, as described above, FFT / IFFT involves a large number of data points. Therefore, if the frequency points and corresponding frequency responses of the original third feedback signal 3rd_feed are directly used to compare with each bone density curve as a reference, the computational load of the computer is still relatively large. Therefore, only several fixed frequency points can be selected for matching according to the least squares criterion. For example, exemplarily, if the frequency range of the third feedback signal 3rd_feed is 2000 - 7000 Hz and the step size is 50 Hz, to save the operation time of the least squares method, only the frequency points {2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 5000 Hz, 6000 Hz, 7000 Hz} and the frequency responses at these frequency points can be considered to reduce the computational complexity.

[0097] Similar to the fully automatic mode described above, in this mode, there will be multiple bone density measurement results. However, the difference is that these multiple bone density measurement results are brought about by multiple measurement activities at different times, and there is a high degree of correlation between the bone density measurement results obtained at different times. In this mode, the operation result oper_result can include the bone density measurement results obtained at different times, or can also include a second comprehensive bone density, the value of which is equal to the measurement results of each bone density obtained at different times. In this mode, the second database is built into the local end 1007 and does not require the support of additional communication services provided by the telecommunications provider, enabling users of the bone density measurement system of the embodiments of the present application to also use this system without a network service. Of course, this mode does not exclude the application of the cloud clo. Therefore, the process of obtaining bone density by the above least squares method can also be applied to the cloud clo. Correspondingly, the above first database can be the second database, and these bone density measurement results can also be included in the total feedback signal gen_feed of the cloud clo described above.

[0098] Second offline mode

[0099] In the second offline mode (also known as the "manual mode"), the aforementioned first transceiver does not exist. The first signal is a random tap in any form. For example, the first signal can be generated by a user of the bone density measurement system described in the embodiments of the present application by tapping on the patella. In this mode, a calibration procedure also needs to be set in advance to adapt to the differences brought about by different first signals (for example, the first signal generated by directly tapping with a finger joint and the first signal generated by using a hammer for tapping bones in the orthopedic field, and these two signals are obviously different in amplitude and phase). The calibration steps are as follows: (1) If the first computing device 1007 receives input information indicating that the user selects the manual mode, actuate the second transceiver 1005 and issue a corresponding prompt to the user (for example, a prompt in the form of an image, a flash, or a sound), so that the user emits a leading signal / detection signal of the first signal; (2) The second transceiver 1005 monitors the leading signal / detection signal and feeds back to the first computing device 1007; (3) Determine a threshold range according to the feedback result of the second transceiver 1005.The threshold range can be determined according to the energy intensity E of the preamble signal / detection signal monitored by the second transceiver 1005. For example, the threshold range can be determined to be 0.9E - 1.1E (i.e., fluctuating by 10% above and below E), or the threshold range can be determined to be (1 - R%)E - (1 + R%)E (i.e., fluctuating by R% above and below E, 0 ≤ R ≤ 100); (4) issue the first instruction 1st_instru to instruct the user to formally issue the first signal 1st_sig. The first instruction 1st_instru can be, for example, a prompt in the form of an image, a flash, or a sound, enabling the user to issue the first signal 1st_sig several times at a specific rhythm (e.g., instructing the user to tap the first position of the object to be measured); (5) process the several first signals 1st_sig according to the technical solutions described in the full-automatic mode, the first offline mode, or the third offline mode (to be described below). The difference is as follows: (Difference 1) In response to the energy of the first feedback signal 1st_feed not falling within the amplitude interval, the first computing device 1007 ignores the first feedback signal 1st_feed and the corresponding second feedback signal 2nd_feed; (Difference 2) Since the first computing device 1007 ignores a specific first signal 1st_sig, the number of measured samples decreases. Therefore, optionally, the first computing device 1007 also issues a prompt in the form of an image, a flash, or a sound to instruct the user to continue increasing the number of the first signals 1st_sig until the number of the first signals 1st_sig meets the required requirements, and then further calculates the bone density data oper_result based on the first signal 1st_sig and the related third feedback signal 3rd_feed; (Difference 3) As described above, the upper limit of the bone density curve stored in the first / second database as reference data is 1 and the lower limit is 0. To ensure the comparability of the third feedback signal 3rd_feed obtained in the second offline mode with the bone density curve stored in the first database as reference data, after taking the difference between the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal, the difference needs to be divided by the following term: the product of the upper limit value (1 + R%)E of the amplitude interval and the amplitude value of the first feedback signal. (1 + R%)E corresponds to the power value of 1 watt of the first signal in the full-automatic mode. The reason for dividing by the upper limit value (1 + R%)E of the amplitude interval is that only by dividing by (1 + R%)E can it be ensured that any third feedback signal 3rd_feed can fall within the interval [0, 1]. Otherwise, some of the third feedback signals 3rd_feed will be greater than 1, making the measured third feedback signal 3rd_feed incomparable with the bone density curve stored in the first / second database as reference data. The calculation method of the bone density data oper_result is the same as that in the full-automatic mode, the first offline mode, or the third offline mode to be described below.

[0100] Third offline mode

[0101] It should be specifically stated that the third offline mode is only applicable to humans, and it does not provide bone density measurement results, but only provides non-diagnostic quality assessment results of bone density.

[0102] The third offline mode is essentially a simplified version of the above-mentioned full-automatic mode and the first / second offline modes. Specifically, the reference data in the first database / second database mentioned above is replaced by data of people of different age groups with specific T values. At this time, all the bone densities mentioned above (the bone densities solved at each characteristic point, the first / second comprehensive bone densities, the bone densities solved at each different time point) will be replaced by the T values defined by the World Health Organization. This mode can greatly compress the sample size stored in the first database / second database because several bone densities corresponding to a specific frequency point may commonly correspond to one or more T values (even if there are multiple T values, the number is much smaller than the number of bone density curves). At this time, both the first database and the second database can be set on the local end 1007, so that the local end 1007 can execute the steps of measuring bone density in any of the above-mentioned modes (but the final measurement result is the T value, not the specific bone density value). Therefore, this third offline mode can provide early warning information for users suffering from osteoporosis, for example, so that relevant users can seek medical treatment from medical institutions as early as possible after obtaining relevant measurement results to further verify whether they suffer from orthopedic diseases such as osteoporosis.

[0103] The T value is already well-known in the medical field. For details, see "Research on the Differences and Clinical Significance of T Values in Different Parts of People over 50 Years Old" published by Zhang Xiaoqian, Li Na, Gao Hongyu, etc. in "Chinese General Practice" (2019, 22(27), pp 3312-3316), and this article will not elaborate further.

[0104] It should be particularly noted that before the matching process described in any of the above offline modes, there is also a process of selecting a sample set. The biological attributes of this sample set are the closest to the biological attributes of the animal to be measured among all the biological attributes of the samples stored in the first database / second database. The reference data involved in the above matching process is limited to this sample set. Only on the premise of having the same biological attributes, the frequency response curves of each reference data will be parallel to each other.

[0105] The first computing device 1007, as described above, can be a smart phone, or a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Therefore, in fact, what consumers really need to obtain from producers that are of a special nature are only the first transceiver 1004 (preferably equipped), the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006. The above three only involve parts such as a mechanical vibration generator (or a sound generator), a vibration sensor (or a sound sensor), a signal transceiver, an FFT / IFFT module, etc., which have been widely used in the electronic field. Therefore, compared with the ultrasonic bone density measuring instrument and the ray-based bone density measuring instrument disclosed in the prior art, the bone density measuring system provided by the embodiment of the present application has great advantages in terms of cost; the above devices can all be realized by using weak-current electronic devices and do not belong to the instruments and devices controlled by the state / government, and can be promoted to the public on a larger scale; moreover, the bone density measuring system provided by the embodiment of the present application is small in volume and is suitable for measuring the bone density of large animals, and can provide a system for researchers in the zoology field to measure the bone density of large animals.

[0106] Although the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have several advantages, it should be specifically stated that the technical solutions involved in the embodiments of this application are non-diagnostic because: (1) First, the bone density measurement system described in the embodiments of this application is designed to obtain the bone density of the measured object. The bone density of an organism is an objectively existing physical / physiological parameter. By referring to a certain bone density classification standard, it can reflect whether the measured object may have a specific disease (for example, osteoporosis). However, the bone density itself cannot reflect whether the measured object is healthy or has a certain disease; (2) As mentioned above, the signals related to the organism are only the first feedback signal 1st_feed, the second feedback signal 2nd_feed, and the third feedback signal 3rd_feed generated by these two signals. None of these signals can directly reflect the bone density of the measured object. These signals need to be further matched and calculated to finally obtain the operation result oper_result that reflects the bone density information. However, even the operation result oper_result is an indirectly obtained result. It is an approximate fit of the bone density of the measured object based on the existing bone density reference data. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments provided in this application are essentially different from the bone densitometers in the prior art that can directly obtain the bone density data. Any result provided by the technical solutions of this application should not be used as a diagnostic basis for determining the bone condition of a patient in clinical practice; (3) Even in the prior art, the ultrasonic bone densitometer with a higher detection accuracy than the bone density measurement system in the embodiments of this application (whose measurement result can directly reflect the bone density of the measured object) will not be used as a diagnostic basis for determining the bone condition of a patient in clinical practice. Only the bone densitometer based on rays can be used as a diagnostic basis for determining the bone condition of a patient (Xu Shengkang, "Bone Density Examination? Which One is the Most Reliable?", June 15, 2024, Douyin, https: / / v.douyin.com / iyP9MF17 / ); (4) Therefore, each parameter used in the technical solutions of this application can only be regarded as an intermediate result for inferring the bone density of an animal body. The direct purpose of applying these parameters is not to obtain a diagnostic result or health status, but only to obtain information as an intermediate result from a living human body or animal body. As of the effective priority date / effective filing date of this application, starting from the medical knowledge in the prior art, it is impossible to directly obtain a diagnostic result or health status regarding the bone condition based on the content disclosed in this application. Therefore, each parameter involved in the embodiments of this application should be regarded as an intermediate result rather than a diagnostic result used as a judgment basis for diagnosing diseases.

[0107] Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present application, various devices within each computing device (e.g., computing devices 1007 / 1004 / 1005 / 1006) (e.g., processors 10042 / 10062 / 10071 and memories 10043 / 10063 / 10072) are exemplarily connected via a communication bus bus. Such circuit connections are known to those skilled in the art, but are not limited thereto, as Figures 3a - 3d shown.

[0108] It can be understood that since signals essential to the system such as the first instruction 1st_instru, the first feedback signal 1st_feed, and the second feedback signal 2nd_feed can be generated by computing devices such as the first computing device 1007, the second transceiver 1005, and the third transceiver 1006 respectively and can be in the form of radio, laser, visible light, Bluetooth, infrared light, etc., in addition to the signals essential to the above-mentioned system, the above-mentioned computing devices can additionally generate other signals for communication between the above-mentioned computing devices. For example, the second transceiver 1005 and the third transceiver 1006 can be in a sleep state during idle time. When the first computing device 1007 works in response to the input of input information, it can emit a second signal (which can also be in the form of radio, laser, visible light, Bluetooth, infrared light, etc.) to wake up the second transceiver 1005 and the third transceiver 1006.

[0109] Among them, each computing device can use the above signals to measure the distance between each other and use the above distance in the bone density measurement system disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. Special equipment can also be equipped for the bone density measurement system (e.g., a scale, and the distance between relevant computing devices can be obtained through manual measurement by the user); for example, the vibration generator 10044 can be a sound vibration generator, and the second transceiver 1005, the third transceiver 1006, the first vibration sensor 10054, and the second vibration sensor 10064 can additionally include sound sensing devices such as microphones for sensing sound waves in the air (here, the sound waves, particularly preferably, refer to sound waves with a frequency perceptible to humans in the range of 20 Hz - 20000 Hz, but can also include sound waves imperceptible to humans). After the sound vibration generator emits a sound, it can automatically calculate the distance between relevant computing devices based on the transmission time of the echo signal feedback by the sound sensing device.

[0110] The term "and / or" used in the present application represents a relationship between components / steps that is "and" or "or", and some of the components / steps may not exist. For example, "a and / or b" represents four cases: "a and b", "a or b", "only a", and "only b".

[0111] In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the processor may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. For example, processors 10071 / 10062 / 10052 / 10042 may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), etc.), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and / or any processing component that can be programmed to perform functions (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.). Memories 10043 / 10053 / 10063 / 10072 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and / or another type of dynamic or static memory that stores information and / or instructions for use by processors 10071 / 10062 / 10052 / 10042 (e.g., flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, etc.).

[0112] Memories 10043 / 10053 / 10063 / 10072 may store information and / or software associated with the operation and use of the processor. For example, memories 10043 / 10053 / 10063 / 10072 may include a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a solid-state disk, etc.), a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and / or another type of computer-readable medium, as well as corresponding drives. Among them, for the terms "non-volatile" and "non-volatile memory" (NVS, nonvolatile storage, non-volatile storage), they refer to this type of memory: when the computer is turned off or loses its external power, the content stored in the memory can be preserved.

[0113] Input ports for inputting information may include components that receive information through user input (e.g., a touchscreen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, a microphone, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the input port may include sensors for sensing information (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, etc.). Output ports may include components that provide output information from the device (e.g., a display, a speaker, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), etc.).

[0114] The computer programs described herein are configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab, etc.) or a modeling / simulation program (such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEW MathScript). It is possible to implement the modules using physical hardware incorporating discrete or programmable analog, digital, and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware include: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers, and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C, C++. FPGAs, ASICs, and CPLDs are often programmed using a hardware description language (HDL), such as VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) or Verilog, which configure the connections between the less-functional internal hardware modules on the programmable device.

[0115] The computing devices described herein can include personal desktop computers, personal laptop computers, servers, smartphones, supercomputers, etc. in the prior art.

[0116] Embodiments have been described that implement techniques in circuitry and / or computer-executable instructions. It should be understood that some embodiments can be in the form of methods, and at least one example thereof has been provided. The actions performed as part of the method can be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments can be constructed in which the actions are performed in a different order than illustrated, which can include performing some actions simultaneously, even if shown as sequential actions in the illustrative embodiments.

[0117] The various aspects of the above embodiments can be used alone, in combination, or in various arrangements not specifically discussed in the previous embodiments, and thus their application is not limited to the details and arrangements of the components set forth in the previous description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, the aspects described in one embodiment can be combined with the aspects described in other embodiments in any way.

[0118] When used in the claims, ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc. to modify a claim element itself do not mean any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element relative to another or the temporal order of performing the acts of a method, but are merely used as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having the same name (but using an ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.

[0119] Moreover, the language and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered limiting. The use of "including", "comprising", "having", "containing", "involving" and their variants herein means covering the items listed hereinafter and their equivalents as well as additional items.

[0120] The term "exemplary" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance or illustration. Any embodiment, implementation, process, feature, etc. described herein as exemplary should thus be understood as an illustrative example and not as a preferred or advantageous example, unless otherwise stated.

[0121] Accordingly, several aspects of at least one embodiment have been described. It should be understood that various changes, modifications and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such changes, modifications and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the principles described herein. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are merely exemplary.

[0122] Although the embodiments of this application are described by taking different computing devices (e.g., computing devices 1007 / 1004 / 1005 / 1006) as examples, those skilled in the art can implement the technical content described in the embodiments of this application through different methods, processes and steps, and thus obtain various parameters and measurement results already described in the embodiments of this application.

[0123] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7a the methods, processes and steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S100, S200, S300, S400), the technical objectives of the first embodiment of this application can be achieved;

[0124] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7b the methods, processes and steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S110, S120), the technical objectives of the second embodiment of this application can be achieved;

[0125] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7c the methods, processes and steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing step S121), the technical objectives of the third and fourth embodiments of this application can be achieved;

[0126] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7d the methods, processes and steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S210, S220, S230, S240), the technical objectives of the fifth and sixth embodiments of this application can be achieved;

[0127] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7e the methods, processes, steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S410 and S420), the technical object of the seventh embodiment of the present application can be achieved;

[0128] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7f the methods, processes, steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S421 and S422), the technical object of the eighth embodiment of the present application can be achieved; in particular, the operation processes (such as interpolation and extrapolation operation processes) described in the ninth and tenth embodiments can further be included in step S422 to obtain information related to bone density (such as the bone density corresponding to the several frequency points and / or the first comprehensive bone density);

[0129] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7g the methods, processes, steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals (specifically, by performing steps S421-2 and S422-2), the technical object of the eleventh embodiment of the present application, which is an alternative embodiment of the eighth embodiment of the present application, can be achieved;

[0130] For example, for non-diagnostic purposes, by performing Figure 7h and Figure 7i the methods, processes, steps shown that can be applied to non-human animals, the technical objects of the fourteenth and fifteenth embodiments of the present application, which are alternative embodiments of the eighth and eleventh embodiments of the present application, can be achieved; in particular, Figure 7h the described steps S121-2, S122, and S123 together replace Figure 7c the described step S121, Figure 7i the described steps S210-2, S220, S230, S240, and S250 replace Figure 7d the steps S210, S220, S230, and S240. Figure 7h and Figure 7i the steps shown can also be combined with Figure 7a and Figure 7b and Figure 7e and Figure 7f and Figure 7g the described steps.

[0131] Figure 7j is Figures 7a to 7i a general view of each view, and the specific content of each step can be referred to Figures 7a to 7i .

[0132] Figures 7a - 7jThe methods, processes, and steps described in [description] can also be applied to the technical solutions and features described in the twelfth, thirteenth, twentieth to twenty-first embodiments.

Claims

1. A bone density measurement system, comprising: A first computing device (1007), which has a first processor (10071) and a first non-volatile storage medium (10072), wherein the first non-volatile storage medium (10072) stores a first computer program, and the first computing device (1007) is further capable of issuing a first instruction (1st_instru) in response to receiving input information; At least two signal transceivers, the at least two signal transceivers including a second transceiver (1005) and a third transceiver (1006); Wherein, in response to at least two feedback signals received from the second transceiver (1005) and the third transceiver (1006), the first processor (10071) is capable of calling the first computer program and outputting the operation result (oper_result) of the first computer program.

2. The bone density measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: The second transceiver (1005) and the third transceiver (1006) are respectively located at different second positions and third positions, and at a first position different from the second position and the third position, there is a first signal (1st_sig).

3. The bone density measurement system according to claim 2: further comprising a first transceiver (1004), wherein, In response to receiving input information, the first computing device (1007) issues a first instruction (1st_instru), causing the first transceiver (1004) to emit a first signal (1st_sig).

4. The bone density measurement system according to claim 3, wherein: The first transceiver (1004), the second transceiver (1005), and the third transceiver (1006) are respectively located at different first positions, second positions, and third positions.

5. The bone density measurement system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: The first transceiver (1004) at least includes a first signal transceiver device (10041), a second processor (10042), a second non-volatile storage medium (10043), and a vibration generator (10044), wherein the second non-volatile storage medium (10043) stores a second computer program; The second transceiver (1005) at least includes a second signal transceiver device (10051), a third processor (10052), a third non-volatile storage medium (10053), and a first vibration sensor (10054), wherein the third non-volatile storage medium (10053) stores a third computer program; The third transceiver (1006) at least includes a third signal transceiver device (10061), a fourth processor (10062), a fourth non-volatile storage medium (10063), and a second vibration sensor (10064), and the fourth non-volatile storage medium (10063) stores a fourth computer program.

6. The bone density measurement system according to claim 5, wherein: In response to the first signal transceiver device (10041) receiving the first instruction (1st_instru), the second processor (10042) calls the second computer program, causing the vibration generator (10044) to emit the first signal (1st_sig); In response to the second signal transceiver (10051) receiving the first signal (1st_sig), the first vibration sensor (10054) converts the first signal (1st_sig) into an electrical signal for processing by the third processor (10052), and the third processor (10052) calls the third computer program to cause the second signal transceiver (10051) to emit a first feedback signal (1st_feed); In response to the third signal transceiver (10061) receiving the first signal (1st_sig), the second vibration sensor (10064) converts the first signal (1st_sig) into an electrical signal for processing by the fourth processor (10062), and the fourth processor (10062) calls the fourth computer program to cause the third signal transceiver (10061) to emit a second feedback signal (2nd_feed); In response to the first computing device receiving the first feedback signal (1st_feed) and the second feedback signal (2nd_feed), the first processor (10071) calls the first computer program to operate on the first feedback signal (1st_feed) and the second feedback signal (2nd_feed) and obtain the operation result (oper_result) of the first computer program; Wherein, the at least two feedback signals include the first feedback signal (1st_feed) and the second feedback signal (2nd_feed).

7. The bone density measurement system according to claim 6, wherein, The operation on the first feedback signal (1st_feed) and the second feedback signal (2nd_feed) includes: Performing a difference operation and a correlation operation on the first feedback signal (1st_feed) and the second feedback signal (2nd_feed) to obtain a third feedback signal (3rd_feed), where the third feedback signal (3rd_feed) is a frequency-domain signal; wherein, the correlation operation at least includes: further dividing the difference between the first feedback signal and the second feedback signal by the amplitude of the first feedback signal; Obtaining information about bone density according to the third feedback signal (3rd_feed).

8. The bone density measurement system according to claim 7, wherein, Obtaining information about bone density according to the third feedback signal (3rd_feed) includes: Performing principal component analysis on the third feedback signal (3rd_feed) to at least obtain several frequency points associated with the third feedback signal (3rd_feed), the eigenvalues corresponding to the several frequency points, and several observation values corresponding to the several frequency points; Inputting the several frequency points, the eigenvalues, and the several observation values into a first database, and the first database can perform a matching operation between the several frequency points and reference data stored inside the first database and return / output several pieces of information about bone density.

9. The bone density measurement system according to claim 8, wherein, Performing the matching operation and returning several pieces of information about bone density includes: For each of the several frequency points, search for the data corresponding to the frequency points among the several frequency points inside the first database, select the data closest to the observed value of the frequency point as the bone density, and output the bone density; Or For each of the several frequency points, search for the data corresponding to the frequency points among the several frequency points inside the first database, select several data closest to the observed values corresponding to the frequency point and apply an interpolation / extrapolation algorithm to the several data closest to the observed values corresponding to the frequency point to obtain an interpolation / extrapolation result, use the interpolation / extrapolation result as the bone density, and output the bone density.

10. The bone density measurement system according to claim 9, wherein, The operation result (oper_result) of the first computer program includes the bone density obtained for each of the several frequency points and / or a first comprehensive bone density, and the first comprehensive bone density is obtained by performing a weighted operation on the bone densities corresponding to each of the several frequency points. The weighted operation includes: according to the different proportions of the eigenvalues corresponding to each frequency point in the principal component analysis among the eigenvalues of all frequency points, multiplying the bone density corresponding to each frequency point by the weight corresponding to the eigenvalue corresponding to each frequency point and summing them up.

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