Device and method for detecting water content of gravel for cement concrete in real time

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting the water content of gravel for cement concrete in real time. In the device, a feed hopper is used for placing gravel, the upper end of the feed hopper is open, the lower end of the feed hopper is closed, and a plurality of through holes are formed; the detection mechanism comprises vertical sleeves distributed on the lower sides of the through holes, the upper ends of the sleeves are in butt joint with the corresponding through holes, and the detection mechanism is used for collecting capacitance data of the gravel temporarily stored in the sleeves and converting the capacitance data into the water content of the current gravel; the pressing mechanism is arranged above the feeding hopper and used for pressing and compacting the gravel temporarily stored in the sleeves so as to avoid distortion of collected capacitance data. The opening and closing mechanism is located below the sleeves and used for closing and opening the lower ends of all the sleeves so that gravel can be temporarily stored in the sleeves and discharged out of the sleeves. The conveying mechanism is located below the sleeves and used for collecting and carrying away the sand falling from all the sleeves. The device can quickly and accurately detect the water content of the current gravel, is suitable for large-scale continuous operation, and is reliable and stable in detection result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the detection of the water content of sand and gravel, and specifically to a real-time detection device and method for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete. Background Art

[0002] When a cement concrete mixing plant produces concrete, considering the durability requirements of concrete, it is necessary to wash away the soil in the sand and gravel materials by means of water washing. This results in different water contents of the sand and gravel materials entering the mixing plant in each batch. For the same batch of sand and gravel materials, the water content is different with different water filtering times. Moreover, due to the large stacking gaps of the sand and gravel materials, the water in the sand and gravel penetrates from top to bottom. In the same bin, the water content of the sand and gravel at the top is low, and the water content of the sand and gravel at the bottom is high. This causes the water consumption determined by the concrete mix ratio to be unable to be accurately determined due to the fluctuation of the water content of the sand and gravel. The actual water consumption of each batch of concrete changes. At the same time, due to the inaccurate measurement of the water content of the sand and gravel materials in each batch of concrete discharged from the concrete mixing plant, the metering error of the sand and gravel and the grading dispersion increase. Finally, it is reflected in the deterioration of the stability of the workability index of the concrete mixture and the mechanical property parameters after hardening, which has a great impact on the on-site pouring process and quality of the concrete structure.

[0003] In order to ensure the stable discharge state of each batch of concrete from the concrete mixing plant, it is necessary to accurately determine the water content of the sand and gravel materials used in each batch of concrete. By subtracting the water contained in the sand and gravel materials from the single water consumption given by the concrete mix ratio, the water consumption that needs to be added to each batch of concrete can be accurately determined.

[0004] At present, there are two methods for detecting the water content of sand and gravel: one is to take samples of the sand and gravel materials for drying and weighing, and calculate the water content of the sand and gravel materials through calculation. This is the main method currently adopted by cement concrete mixing plants. However, this method is not suitable for large-scale continuous operation, cannot meet the requirement of obtaining results quickly in a short time, and cannot measure the water content of the sand and gravel materials used in each batch of concrete. The other is to measure the water content of the sand and gravel in real time through a humidity measuring instrument. The humidity measuring instrument is installed above the sand and gravel conveyor belt and the monitoring end is extended into the sand and gravel on the conveyor belt. The humidity measuring instrument continuously measures the humidity of the passing sand and gravel. This method causes relatively large impact wear on the monitoring end of the humidity measuring instrument, is prone to damage the humidity measuring instrument, and has a large error during the continuous detection process, unable to meet the production requirements of the concrete mixing plant. Therefore, the concrete mixing plant often does not adopt this method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time detection device for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete, and a real-time detection method for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete. This application can quickly and accurately detect the current water content of the sand and gravel, adapt to large-scale continuous operation, and the detection results are reliable and stable.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A real-time detection device for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete, comprising a feed hopper, a detection mechanism, a pressing mechanism, an opening and closing mechanism and a transmission mechanism; the feed hopper is used for putting sand and gravel, the upper end thereof is open, the lower end is closed and is provided with a plurality of through holes; the detection mechanism includes vertical sleeves distributed on the lower sides of the through holes, the upper ends of the sleeves are butted against the corresponding through holes, and the detection mechanism is used for collecting the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve and converting the capacitance data into the current water content of the sand and gravel; the pressing mechanism is arranged above the feed hopper and is used for pressing down and compacting the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data; the opening and closing mechanism is located below the sleeve and is used for closing and opening the lower ends of all the sleeves to temporarily store and discharge the sand and gravel in the sleeve; the transmission mechanism is located below the sleeve and is used for collecting the sand and gravel falling from all the sleeves and transporting them away.

[0007] Preferably, the detection mechanism includes a sleeve, a wear-resistant bushing, electrode plates, a capacitance sensor and a data processing module; the wear-resistant bushing is arranged in each sleeve and serves as a channel for sand and gravel; the electrode plates are arranged on each wear-resistant bushing and one side thereof is exposed as the contact surface with the sand and gravel, two of them form a group, each group of electrode plates is at the same height and is symmetric about the center of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing, and several groups of electrode plates are distributed at different heights of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing; the capacitance sensor is arranged between the sleeve and the wear-resistant bushing, corresponds to each group of electrode plates, and is used for collecting the capacitance data between the corresponding group of electrode plates and uploading the capacitance data to the data processing module; the data processing module is located outside the sleeve and is used for converting each capacitance data into the corresponding water content and taking the average value to obtain the current water content of the sand and gravel.

[0008] Preferably, a conversion model is used to convert the capacitance data into the corresponding water content. The establishment method of the conversion model is as follows: first, the water content of sand and gravel under different capacitance data is collected by the drying and weighing method to establish a data set, and the data set is divided into a training set, a test set and a verification set. Then, the neural network algorithm is used to train the conversion model with the training set, and then the test set is used to optimize the parameters of the trained conversion model. Finally, the verification set is used to verify the conversion model, and the final conversion model is obtained after passing the verification.

[0009] Preferably, the pressing mechanism includes a downward pressing hydraulic rod, a pressing plate arranged at the lower end of the pressing hydraulic rod, and pressing blocks distributed on the lower side of the pressing plate. The pressing blocks correspond to the through holes and can extend into each sleeve under the drive of the pressing hydraulic rod; the pressing blocks are in a conical shape with a wider upper part and a narrower lower part, and the pressing blocks coincide with the axes of the through holes and the sleeves.

[0010] Preferably, both sides of the pressing plate are respectively matched with vertical guiding components, and the two sides of the vertical guiding components are used for providing stable guiding during the downward pressing process of the pressing plate.

[0011] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes a pair of split baffles and a pair of opening and closing hydraulic rods. One end of each of the two baffles, which is far away from each other, is hinged and installed. The two opening and closing hydraulic rods are respectively connected to the two baffles and can drive the two baffles to close and open. When the two baffles close, the lower ends of all the sleeves can be closed, and when the two baffles open, the lower ends of all the sleeves are open.

[0012] Preferably, the conveying mechanism is a belt conveyor.

[0013] Preferably, the feeding hopper, the detection mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism and the conveying mechanism are integrally installed on the box body; the upper end of the box body is open, the lower end is closed, a support plate is provided in the middle inside, and through grooves are provided on both sides of the lower part. The periphery of the support plate is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body, and blanking holes corresponding to the through holes are distributed in the middle; the feeding hopper is arranged at the upper end inside the box body, the periphery of the upper end of the feeding hopper is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body, and the lower end is closed by a sealing plate. The through holes are distributed on the sealing plate, and the sealing plate and the support plate are connected by an annular cover; each sleeve is located inside the annular cover, and both ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the corresponding through holes and blanking holes and fixed; the pressing mechanism is installed outside the upper side of the box body and can extend into the feeding hopper and the sleeve; the opening and closing mechanism is installed below the support plate inside the box body; the conveying mechanism is installed at the lower end inside the box body, and the through groove serves as the outlet for the conveying mechanism to transport the sand and gravel out of the box body.

[0014] Preferably, the device is installed at the outlet of the sand and gravel hopper of the concrete mixing plant or replaces the original outlet of the sand and gravel hopper. The detection mechanism can upload the current water content of the sand and gravel to the control system of the concrete mixing plant; during operation, the control system can automatically calculate the current wet weight of the sand and gravel according to the current water content of the sand and gravel, and deduct the water weight in the current sand and gravel from the water consumption designed in the concrete mix ratio to obtain the actual required water consumption, and weigh the actual required water consumption and inject it into the mixing cylinder for concrete mixing.

[0015] A method for real-time detection of the water content of sand and gravel for cement concrete. First, put the sand and gravel into the feeding hopper. The sand and gravel fall into a number of sleeves under the action of their own weight and are temporarily stored. Then, press down and compact the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data. Then, collect the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve and convert the capacitance data into the current water content of the sand and gravel. Then, open each sleeve to release the sand and gravel. Then, collect the sand and gravel falling from all the sleeves and transport them away.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: When the device works: After screening the sand and gravel, put it into the feed hopper. The opening and closing mechanism closes the lower ends of all the sleeves. The sand and gravel fall into each sleeve through the through holes and are temporarily stored. Then, the pressing mechanism presses down and compacts the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve to prevent the capacitance data collected from being distorted. Then, the detection mechanism collects the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve and converts the capacitance data into the water content of the current sand and gravel. Then, the opening and closing mechanism opens the lower ends of all the sleeves, and the sand and gravel fall out of the sleeves. The transmission mechanism collects the sand and gravel falling from all the sleeves and transports them away; In order to prevent the sand and gravel from getting stuck in the sleeves and unable to fall or falling slowly, when the opening and closing mechanism is opened, the pressing mechanism can continue to press down, and the pressing mechanism only needs to be reset before the next detection.

[0017] This application does not require drying. By using the correlation between the capacitance of sand and gravel and the water content of sand and gravel, it can quickly and accurately detect the water content of the current sand and gravel, and is suitable for large-scale continuous operation. Since it collects the capacitance data of the temporarily stored sand and gravel instead of measuring the humidity in a continuous contact manner, the detection results of this application are reliable and stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for real-time detection of the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 is a top view of the installation of the feed hopper, sealing plate and through hole in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 is an installation schematic diagram of the sleeve, wear-resistant bushing, electrode sheet and capacitance sensor in the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1 - pressing hydraulic rod; 2 - pressing support; 3 - sliding cylinder; 4 - sliding rod; 5 - feed hopper; 6 - box body; 7 - annular cover; 8 - sleeve; 9 - support plate; 10 - through groove; 11 - conveyor belt; 12 - roller; 13 - transmission support; 14 - motor; 15 - opening and closing hydraulic rod; 16 - baffle; 17 - data processing module; 18 - sealing plate; 19 - pressing block; 20 - pressing plate; 21 - through hole; 22 - wear-resistant bushing; 23 - electrode sheet; 24 - capacitance sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. Components of the embodiments of this application generally described and illustrated in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the products of this application are usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to this application.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] The features and performance of this application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1 This embodiment discloses a method for real-time detection of the water content of sand and gravel for cement concrete. First, the sand and gravel are placed in the feed hopper, and the sand and gravel fall into several sleeves under the action of their own weight for temporary storage. Then, the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve are pressed down and compacted to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data. Then, the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve is collected, and the capacitance data is converted into the current water content of the sand and gravel. Then, each sleeve is opened to release the sand and gravel, and then all the sand and gravel falling from the sleeves are collected and transported away. This method does not require drying, and can quickly and accurately detect the current water content of the sand and gravel by using the correlation between the capacitance of the sand and gravel and the water content of the sand and gravel. It is suitable for large-scale continuous operation. Moreover, since the capacitance data of the temporarily stored sand and gravel is collected, rather than measuring the humidity in a continuous contact manner, the detection is reliable and stable.

[0029] Among them, the conversion model is used to convert the capacitance data into the corresponding water content. The method of establishing the conversion model is: first use the drying weighing method to collect the water content of sand and gravel under different capacitance data, establish a data set, and divide the data set into a training set, a test set, and a validation set. Then, a neural network algorithm is used to train the conversion model using the training set, and then the parameters of the trained conversion model are tuned using the test set. Finally, the conversion model is verified by the validation set, and the final conversion model is obtained after meeting the standards. This method can efficiently and accurately establish a conversion model. In order to improve accuracy, sand and gravel with different densities within a common range can be used to establish a data set.

[0030] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a specific device based on the theory given in the first embodiment.

[0031] This embodiment discloses a real-time detection device for the moisture content of sand and gravel for cement concrete, comprising: The feed hopper 5 is used to put sand and gravel. Its upper end is open, the lower end is closed and a plurality of through holes 21 are provided. Figure 1 ; The detection mechanism includes a vertical sleeve 8 distributed at the lower side of each through hole 21, and the upper end of the sleeve 8 is connected to the corresponding through hole 21. The detection mechanism is used to collect the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve 8 and convert the capacitance data into the current water content of the sand and gravel, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 ; The compacting mechanism is arranged above the feed hopper 5, and is used to press down and compact the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve 8 to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data. Figure 1 ; The opening and closing mechanism is located below the sleeve 8, and is used to close and open the lower end of all sleeves 8 to temporarily store and release sand and gravel in the sleeve 8, see Figure 1 ; The transmission mechanism is located below the sleeve 8 and is used to collect all the sand and gravel that falls from the sleeve 8 and transport it away. Figure 1 .

[0032] When the above device is working: After screening, the sand and gravel are put into the feed hopper 5, and the opening and closing mechanism closes the lower ends of all sleeves 8. The sand and gravel fall into each sleeve 8 through the through hole 21 for temporary storage, and then the clamping mechanism presses down and compacts the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve 8 to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data, and then the detection mechanism collects the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve 8 and converts the capacitance data into the current water content of the sand and gravel, and then the opening and closing mechanism opens the lower ends of all sleeves 8, and the sand and gravel fall from the sleeve 8, and the transmission mechanism collects the sand and gravel that fall from all sleeves 8 and transports them away; in order to avoid the sand and gravel being stuck in the sleeve 8 and unable to fall or falling slowly, the clamping mechanism can continue to press down when the opening and closing mechanism is opened, and the clamping mechanism only needs to be reset before the next detection.

[0033] Like the embodiment, this device does not require drying. By utilizing the correlation between the sand and gravel capacitor and the water content of the sand and gravel, it can quickly and accurately detect the water content of the sand and gravel before, adapt to large-scale continuous operations. Moreover, since it collects the capacitance data of the temporarily stored sand and gravel and does not measure the humidity in a continuous contact manner, the detection results are reliable and stable.

[0034] In this device, the pressing mechanism can not only press down and compact the sand and gravel collected in each sleeve 8 to avoid large capacitance data errors caused by excessive gaps between the sand and gravel, but also assist the sand and gravel to fall from the sleeve 8 to prevent the compacted sand and gravel from getting stuck.

[0035] Regarding the detection mechanism, in this embodiment, preferably: As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the detection mechanism includes a sleeve 8, a wear-resistant bushing 22, electrode plates 23, a capacitance sensor 24, and a data processing module 17; the wear-resistant bushing 22 is arranged in each sleeve 8 and serves as a passage for the sand and gravel; the electrode plates 23 are arranged on each wear-resistant bushing 22 and one side is exposed as the contact surface with the sand and gravel. They are in groups of two, and each group of electrode plates 23 is at the same height and symmetric about the center of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing 22. Several groups of electrode plates 23 are distributed at different heights of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing 22; the capacitance sensor 24 is arranged between the sleeve 8 and the wear-resistant bushing 22, corresponding to each group of electrode plates 23, and is used to collect the capacitance data between the corresponding group of electrode plates 23 and upload it to the data processing module; the data processing module 17 is located outside the sleeve 8 and is used to convert each capacitance data into the corresponding water content and take the average value to obtain the water content of the current sand and gravel. The wear-resistant bushing 22 can improve the service life and form a sandwich layer with the sleeve 8 to install the capacitance sensor 24. Several groups of electrode plates 23 are distributed at different heights of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing 22, so that the capacitance data of the sand and gravel at different height positions on each sleeve 8 can be measured. In this way, after obtaining the corresponding water content and taking the average value, it can be closer to the real water content.

[0036] Regarding the pressing mechanism, in this embodiment, preferably: As Figure 1 shown, the pressing mechanism includes a downward pressing hydraulic rod 1, a pressing plate 20 arranged at the lower end of the pressing hydraulic rod 1, and pressing blocks 19 distributed on the lower side of the pressing plate 20. The pressing blocks 19 correspond to the through holes 21 and can extend into each sleeve 8 under the drive of the pressing hydraulic rod 1; the pressing blocks 19 are in a conical shape with a wider upper part and a narrower lower part, and the pressing blocks 19 coincide with the axes of the through holes 21 and the sleeves 8. Through the action of the pressing hydraulic rod 1, all the pressing blocks 19 can be driven to lift and lower synchronously, and the conical pressing blocks 19 can better enter the sleeve 8 and apply pressure.

[0037] As Figure 1As shown, both sides of the pressing plate 20 are respectively engaged with the vertical guiding components. The vertical guiding components on both sides are used to provide stable guidance during the downward pressing process of the pressing plate to prevent the pressing block 19 from moving erratically. The vertical guiding components include a slide bar 4 and a slide cylinder 3 that are slidably sleeved together; the slide cylinder 3 is fixedly installed, and the slide bar 4 is provided on the pressing plate 20, or the slide bar 4 is fixedly installed, and the slide cylinder 3 is provided on the pressing plate.

[0038] Regarding the opening and closing mechanism, in this embodiment, preferably: As Figure 1 shown, the opening and closing mechanism includes a pair of split baffles 16 and a pair of opening and closing hydraulic rods 15. One ends of the two baffles 16 away from each other are hingedly installed. The two opening and closing hydraulic rods 15 are respectively connected to the two baffles 16 and can drive the two baffles 16 to enclose and open. When the two baffles 16 enclose, the lower ends of all the sleeves 8 can be closed, and when the two baffles 16 open, the lower ends of all the sleeves 8 are open. The baffle 16 is semicircular, and when the two baffles 16 enclose, it forms a complete circle.

[0039] Regarding the transmission mechanism, in this embodiment, preferably: The transmission mechanism adopts a belt conveyor. The transmission mechanism includes a transmission support 13, rollers 12, a motor 14 and a conveyor belt 11 installed on the transmission support 13. The rollers 12 are distributed along the transmission support 13. The motor 14 is used to drive the rollers 12 to rotate, and the conveyor belt 11 covers the rollers 12 and is driven by the rollers 12.

[0040] In this embodiment, preferably: As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the feeding hopper 5, the detection mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism and the transmission mechanism are integrally installed on the box body 6; the upper end of the box body 6 is open, the lower end is closed, a support plate 9 is arranged in the middle inside, and through grooves 10 are arranged on both sides of the lower part. The periphery of the support plate 9 is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body 6, and blanking holes corresponding to the through holes 21 are distributed in the middle; the feeding hopper 5 is arranged at the upper end inside the box body 6, the periphery of the upper end of the feeding hopper 5 is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body 6, and the lower end is closed by a sealing plate 18. The through holes 21 are distributed on the sealing plate 18, and the sealing plate 18 and the support plate 9 are connected by an annular cover 7; each sleeve 8 is located inside the annular cover 7, and both ends of the sleeve 8 are respectively inserted into the corresponding through holes 21 and blanking holes and fixed; the pressing mechanism is installed outside the upper side of the box body 6 and can extend into the feeding hopper 5 and the sleeve 8; the opening and closing mechanism is installed below the support plate 9 inside the box body 6; the transmission mechanism is installed at the lower end inside the box body 6, and the through groove 10 serves as the outlet for transporting the sand and gravel out of the box body 6. This setting can integrally install the feeding hopper 5, the detection mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism and the transmission mechanism together, which is convenient for overall transportation and installation, and can avoid polluting the surrounding environment during the falling process of the sand and gravel. Among them: the pressing hydraulic rod 1 and part of the vertical guiding components are installed on the box body 6 through the pressing bracket 2; one end of each of the two baffles 16 away from each other is hinged and installed on the lower side of the support plate 9, and one end of each of the two opening and closing hydraulic rods 15 is respectively hinged and installed on the inner wall of the box body 6, and the other end is respectively hinged and installed on the lower side of the corresponding baffle 16.

[0041] Embodiment III This embodiment provides an application of the device described in Embodiment II.

[0042] In this embodiment, the device is installed at the outlet of the sand and gravel hopper of the concrete mixing plant or replaces the original outlet of the sand and gravel hopper (the detection mechanism and the pressing mechanism can be added on the basis of the original outlet of the sand and gravel hopper). The detection mechanism can upload the current water content of the sand and gravel to the control system of the concrete mixing plant through wired or wireless communication; during operation, the control system can automatically calculate the current wet weight of the sand and gravel according to the current water content of the sand and gravel, and deduct the water weight in the current sand and gravel from the water consumption designed in the concrete mix ratio to obtain the actual required water consumption, and weigh the actual required water consumption and inject it into the mixing cylinder for concrete mixing. The mixing time of each batch of concrete in the concrete mixing plant is 90s - 150s, and the device can obtain the current water content of the sand and gravel within 60s before the outlet of the sand and gravel hopper is opened. The embodiments described above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time detection device for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete, characterized in that: It includes a feed hopper, a detection mechanism, a pressing mechanism, an opening and closing mechanism, and a transmission mechanism; the feed hopper is used for putting in sand and gravel, its upper end is open, its lower end is closed and is provided with a plurality of through holes; the detection mechanism includes vertical sleeves distributed on the lower sides of the respective through holes, the upper ends of the sleeves are butted against the corresponding through holes, and the detection mechanism is used for collecting the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve and converting the capacitance data into the water content of the current sand and gravel; the pressing mechanism is arranged above the feed hopper and is used for pressing down and compacting the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data; the opening and closing mechanism is located below the sleeves and is used for closing and opening the lower ends of all the sleeves to temporarily store and discharge the sand and gravel in the sleeves; the transmission mechanism is located below the sleeves and is used for collecting the sand and gravel falling from all the sleeves and transporting them away.

2. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, wherein: The detection mechanism includes sleeves, wear-resistant bushings, electrode plates, capacitance sensors, and a data processing module; the wear-resistant bushings are arranged in the respective sleeves and serve as channels for the sand and gravel; the electrode plates are arranged on the respective wear-resistant bushings and one side of each electrode plate is exposed as the contact surface with the sand and gravel, they are in groups of two, each group of electrode plates is at the same height and is symmetric about the center of the corresponding wear-resistant bushing, and several groups of electrode plates are distributed at different heights of the corresponding wear-resistant bushings; the capacitance sensors are arranged between the sleeves and the wear-resistant bushings, corresponding to the respective groups of electrode plates, and are used for collecting the capacitance data between the corresponding groups of electrode plates and uploading the capacitance data to the data processing module; the data processing module is located outside the sleeves and is used for converting each capacitance data into the corresponding water content and taking the average value to obtain the water content of the current sand and gravel.

3. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conversion model is used to convert the capacitance data into the corresponding water content. The establishment method of the conversion model is as follows: first, the water content of the sand and gravel under different capacitance data is collected by the drying and weighing method to establish a data set, and the data set is divided into a training set, a test set, and a validation set. Then, the neural network algorithm is used to train the conversion model with the training set. Next, the parameters of the trained conversion model are optimized with the test set. Finally, the conversion model is verified with the validation set, and the final conversion model is obtained after passing the verification.

4. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism includes a downward pressing hydraulic rod, a pressing plate arranged at the lower end of the pressing hydraulic rod, and pressing blocks distributed on the lower side of the pressing plate. The pressing blocks correspond to the respective through holes and can extend into the respective sleeves under the drive of the pressing hydraulic rod; the pressing blocks are in a conical shape with a wider upper part and a narrower lower part, and the pressing blocks coincide with the axes of the through holes and the sleeves.

5. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 4, wherein: Both sides of the pressing plate are respectively matched with vertical guiding components, and the vertical guiding components on both sides are used to provide stable guiding during the downward pressing process of the pressing plate.

6. The real-time water content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing mechanism includes a pair of split baffles and a pair of opening and closing hydraulic rods. One end of each of the two baffles away from each other is hinged and installed. The two opening and closing hydraulic rods are respectively connected to the two baffles and can drive the two baffles to enclose and open. When the two baffles enclose, the lower ends of all the sleeves can be closed, and when the two baffles open, the lower ends of all the sleeves are open.

7. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism uses a belt conveyor.

8. The real-time moisture content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding hopper, the detection mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the opening and closing mechanism and the transmission mechanism are integrally installed on the box body; the upper end of the box body is open, the lower end is closed, a support plate is arranged in the middle inside, and through grooves are arranged on both sides of the lower part. The periphery of the support plate is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body, and blanking holes corresponding to the through holes are distributed in the middle; the feeding hopper is arranged at the upper end inside the box body, the periphery of the upper end of the feeding hopper is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the box body, and the lower end is closed by a sealing plate. The through holes are distributed on the sealing plate, and the sealing plate and the support plate are connected by an annular housing; each sleeve is located inside the annular housing, and both ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the corresponding through holes and blanking holes and fixed; the pressing mechanism is installed outside the upper side of the box body and can extend into the feeding hopper and the sleeve; the opening and closing mechanism is installed below the support plate inside the box body; the transmission mechanism is installed at the lower end inside the box body, and the through groove serves as the outlet for the transmission mechanism to transport the sand and gravel out of the box body.

9. The real-time water content detection device for sand and gravel used in cement concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The device is installed at the outlet of the sand and gravel hopper of the concrete mixing plant or replaces the original outlet of the sand and gravel hopper. The detection mechanism can upload the current water content of the sand and gravel to the control system of the concrete mixing plant; during operation, the control system can automatically calculate the current wet weight of the sand and gravel according to the current water content of the sand and gravel, and deduct the water weight in the current sand and gravel from the water consumption designed in the concrete mix ratio to obtain the actual required water consumption, and weigh the actual required water consumption and inject it into the mixing cylinder for concrete mixing.

10. A real-time detection method for the water content of sand and gravel used in cement concrete, characterized in that: First, put the sand and gravel into the feeding hopper. The sand and gravel fall into several sleeves under the action of their own weight and are temporarily stored. Then, press down and compact the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve to avoid distortion of the collected capacitance data. Then, collect the capacitance data of the sand and gravel temporarily stored in each sleeve and convert the capacitance data into the current water content of the sand and gravel. Then, open each sleeve to release the sand and gravel. Then, collect the sand and gravel falling from all the sleeves and transport them away.

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