Method for brazing ceramic wear parts with metal

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for preparing metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts, mainly addressing the technical problems of poor precision in existing ceramic wear-resistant parts due to easy deformation during manufacturing, and low yield rates due to deformation or internal cracking of the green body during sintering of large or complex-shaped ceramic parts. The preparation method includes: fabricating a molding cavity according to the shape and size of the wear-resistant part; constructing a corresponding production system; preparing a metal-ceramic mixture, wherein the mixture comprises metal-ceramic particles, metal particles, and molten metal in a volume ratio of 4.5–7:0–2:3–4.5; fabricating the wear-resistant part and post-processing, thereby obtaining the metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant part. The wear-resistant part prepared using this method can significantly improve its wear resistance and also optimize production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing wear-resistant components, specifically a method for preparing metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant components. Background Technology

[0002] In numerous industries such as mining, cement production, thermal power generation, building sand production, metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, construction, and dredging, a large number of crushing equipment, grinding equipment, tunneling equipment, dredging equipment, and pumps and pipelines for conveying mud and mortar are widely used. Their main function is to crush, grind, or transport raw materials through pipelines. The steel working parts in these devices often suffer severe wear under high-intensity working conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and high friction environments, resulting in short equipment lifespan and high maintenance costs. For example, in various crushing equipment, components that come into direct contact with materials during the crushing process, such as pressure rollers and impact crushing workpieces, are prone to rapid wear due to intense friction and compression. In grinding equipment such as vertical mills, Raymond mills, and ball mills, grinding rollers, steel balls, and liners also suffer severe wear due to mutual contact and friction with materials during prolonged operation. In pumps and pipelines for conveying mud and mortar, the impellers and bends of slurry pumps are subject to scouring and wear from particles in the slurry, leading to a significant reduction in their service life.

[0003] To improve the service life of wear-resistant components in the aforementioned equipment, extend maintenance cycles, and reduce maintenance costs, technicians have attempted to use materials such as silicon carbide ceramics and alumina ceramics—materials with excellent mechanical properties, high hardness, good oxidation resistance, strong corrosion resistance, excellent abrasion resistance, and low coefficient of friction—to manufacture these wear-resistant components. However, existing technologies for these materials primarily employ pressing methods to prepare the corresponding wear-resistant components. Therefore, the resulting wear-resistant components have several problems, mainly including:

[0004] (1) Ceramic wear-resistant parts are difficult to firmly connect to the main equipment and are prone to falling off during operation;

[0005] (2) Ceramic wear-resistant parts are easily deformed during the sintering process and are difficult to repair, resulting in poor product precision;

[0006] (3) Existing technology makes it difficult to manufacture ceramic parts with large volume or complex shape. The blank is prone to deformation or internal cracking during sintering, which leads to a low finished product qualification rate.

[0007] (4) Ceramic materials are brittle, have poor impact resistance, and are easily broken, which limits the application scenarios of such ceramic wear-resistant parts under high impact loads.

[0008] In conclusion, there is an urgent need to develop a new preparation process to overcome the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing ceramic wear-resistant parts, such as easy deformation during manufacturing leading to poor product precision, easy deformation or internal cracking of the blank during sintering of large or complex ceramic parts leading to low finished product qualification rate, and limited application scenarios under high impact loads. The invention provides a method for preparing metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0011] A method for preparing a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component, characterized by the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Create the molding cavity

[0013] A molding cavity is fabricated according to the shape and size of the wear-resistant component; the inner shape and size of the molding cavity are the same as the shape and size of the wear-resistant component.

[0014] For wear-resistant parts with simple shapes or small sizes, multiple molding cavities can be connected together for integral manufacturing, and then cut into individual parts. This method simplifies the production process, improves production efficiency, and is suitable for mass production.

[0015] When manufacturing complex or large-volume parts, the sealed molding cavity can be decomposed into multiple smaller cavities, which are then manufactured separately and then welded or assembled. This method greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of large and complex parts, and realizes simplified production of complex parts and miniaturized manufacturing of large parts.

[0016] Step 2: Set up the production system

[0017] The production system includes a smelting unit and a forming unit. The smelting unit is a metal smelting furnace used to melt and pour molten metal. The forming unit includes at least one forming cavity, a heating furnace, and a gas control system. The heating furnace is used to heat the forming cavity. The metal smelting furnace is connected to each forming cavity via a molten metal delivery pipe, and the outside of the molten metal delivery pipe is equipped with a heat preservation or temperature control device. The gas control system is connected to the forming cavity and is used to provide negative pressure for the molten metal in the metal smelting furnace, so that it enters the corresponding forming cavity through the molten metal delivery pipe. The exhaust pipe and the molten metal delivery pipe can be set separately or connected together by controlling a switching valve. When the molten metal delivery pipe is connected to multiple forming cavities, molten metal can be injected and formed simultaneously.

[0018] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0019] The gold-ceramic mixture comprises gold-ceramic particles, metal particles, and molten metal in a volume ratio of 4.5–7:0–2:3–4.8; the gold-ceramic particles are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy, and nickel steel alloy, and have a particle size of 0.5–2 mm; the molten metal is selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, and copper alloy.

[0020] Step 4: Fabricate wear-resistant parts

[0021] The molten metal is placed in a metal smelting furnace and heated to melt. At the same time, the gold ceramic particles and metal particles are loaded into the molding cavity, sealed, and placed in a heating furnace to be heated to the preset temperature. Then, the molten metal is injected into the molding cavity through the melt delivery pipe. After that, the temperature is continued to rise for brazing and fusion. Then, the wear-resistant parts are obtained by holding the pressure and cooling down.

[0022] Step 5, Post-processing

[0023] According to the preset process requirements, the wear-resistant parts semi-finished products are heat-treated, cut, welded and trimmed in sequence to obtain metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts.

[0024] Further, in step 1, the molding cavity includes a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected to the cavity shell; a material replenishment chamber is provided on the cavity shell or cavity cover, and an isolation net is provided at the interface between the material replenishment chamber and the cavity shell or cavity cover; an exhaust pipe is provided on the material replenishment chamber, and a heat preservation device is installed on the outside of the material replenishment chamber;

[0025] In step 2, the melt delivery pipe is connected to the cavity shell or cavity cover, or connected to the cavity shell or cavity cover through the feeding bin, and an isolation net is provided at the connection point; the heat preservation device for the melt delivery pipe and the feeding bin is selected from induction heating or resistance wire heating heat preservation devices.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, the molding cavity has four forms: thin-walled molding cavity, hard steel mold molding cavity, steel sand mold molding cavity, and sealed lost-wax molding cavity;

[0027] The thin-walled forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of a thin metal sheet according to the shape of the wear-resistant part; an auxiliary shaping fixture is installed on the thin-walled forming cavity, and the inner cavity of the thin-walled forming cavity is cleaned or electroplated; on the finished wear-resistant part, the thin-walled forming cavity wraps around the wear-resistant part and becomes part of it, and the auxiliary shaping fixture is removed.

[0028] The hard steel mold forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of high-temperature resistant steel, with an inner cavity identical to that of the wear-resistant part. The inner wall of the hard steel mold forming cavity is coated with a high-temperature resistant release agent. The hard steel mold forming cavity can be reused.

[0029] The steel sand mold forming cavity is a sealed cavity formed by combining a steel mold and a sand mold, with the steel mold on the outside and the sand mold inside, made according to the shape of the wear-resistant part. The sand mold is made of shaped casting sand. The shaped casting sand is prepared by mixing fine powder and sand particles in an appropriate volume ratio of 4-10:0-6, with the addition of appropriate additives. The fine powder is metal powder, non-metal powder, ceramic powder, or high-temperature resistant cohesive powder. The sand particles are metal sand particles, mineral sand particles, or ceramic sand particles. The additives are organic additives, water-soluble additives, inorganic additives, or silicon-based high-temperature resistant additives.

[0030] The sealed lost-wax molding cavity is made by using paraffin wax to create a wax pattern according to the shape of the wear-resistant part. Then, the molding cavity shell is made according to the lost-wax method. The made molding cavity shell is placed inside a closed steel shell, and molding sand is filled between the molding cavity shell and the closed steel shell to form a sealed lost-wax molding cavity.

[0031] Further, in step 3, the surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0032] 3.1 Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5–1.5:8.5–9.5; the coating alloy comprises an active metal, a welding auxiliary metal, and a smelting metal in a mass ratio of 15–40:60–80:0–10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium, and chromium; the welding auxiliary metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel, and boron; the smelting metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium with a melting point below 900°C, preferably. The ceramic particles are selected from at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide-reinforced alumina, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide-reinforced silicon nitride, and silicon carbide-reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3-6 mm; the ceramic particles may also include crushed particles of ceramic products, and the particle size is the D50 particle size of particle size sand.

[0033] 3.2 After mixing the ceramic particles with the coating alloy, load them into the coating reaction tube, seal the coating reaction tube or load the coating reaction tube into a closed system, and extract the gas in the coating reaction tube through the extraction tube to make its vacuum degree 0.1Kpa~10Kpa. Then heat the coating reaction tube to 150℃~300℃.

[0034] 3.3. Inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through the gas injection pipe to dilute the residual air and reduce and remove the oxides on the metal surface. At the same time, slowly raise the temperature and extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere. Continue until the temperature reaches 500℃~700℃. After the oxides on the metal surface in the auxiliary welding metal and the molten metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe.

[0035] 3.4. Extract the gas inside the reaction tube through the evacuation tube, maintain the internal vacuum degree at 0.1 kPa to 5 kPa, then heat to 900℃ to 1250℃, hold for 15 to 60 minutes, and then cool to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles.

[0036] Furthermore, step 4 specifically involves:

[0037] 4.1 Place one end of the molten metal delivery pipe into the metal smelting furnace, and connect the other end to each forming cavity; then place the molten metal into the metal smelting furnace and heat it to melt it, so that it reaches the preset molten metal injection temperature;

[0038] 4.2 After mixing the gold ceramic particles and metal particles evenly, fill the molding cavity, vibrate and compact it, seal the molding cavity, and place it in the heating furnace.

[0039] 4.3. Extract the gas from the molding cavity through the exhaust pipe to achieve a vacuum of 0.05–0.2 atmospheres, then stop evacuating. Introduce reducing gas and / or protective gas into the molding cavity until the vacuum equals 1 atmosphere. Heat the molding cavity, maintaining a vacuum of 1 atmosphere during heating. When the temperature reaches 450℃–550℃, replace the gas in the molding cavity with pure protective gas. Continue heating to the preset temperature, then stop heating and maintain the temperature to ensure uniform temperature inside and outside the molding cavity. Extract the gas from the molding cavity through the exhaust pipe to achieve a vacuum of 0.05–0.1 atmospheres.

[0040] 4.4. Seal the exhaust pipe and use the gas control system to inject the molten metal from the metal smelting furnace into the forming cavity through the melt delivery pipe until the forming cavity and the replenishment bin are filled.

[0041] 4.5. Close the melt delivery pipe, pressurize the feeding hopper and molding cavity to 1 to 3 atmospheres through the gas control system, and continue to heat to 0℃ to 250℃ for brazing fusion. Then remove the molding cavity from the heating furnace.

[0042] 4.6 After pressure holding and cooling, a semi-finished wear-resistant part is obtained.

[0043] Furthermore, in step 4.1, the preset molten metal injection temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal, but lower than the minimum melting point of the coating alloy.

[0044] Furthermore, in step 4.2, when wear-resistant parts require metal inserts, the metal inserts are pre-installed in the corresponding positions within the molding cavity before filling the ceramic particles and metal particles, which helps to increase the strength and functionality of the final product.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 4.3, the preset temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal, but lower than or equal to the preset molten metal injection temperature in step 4.1.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 4.4, the temperature at which the molten metal is injected into the molding cavity is 100°C to 400°C above the melting point of the molten metal.

[0047] Furthermore, in step 4.6, the cooling process begins from one or both ends of the molding cavity away from the feeding chamber, ensuring that the molten metal in the feeding chamber solidifies last.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] (1) The method for preparing the metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component of the present invention firstly involves fabricating a corresponding molding cavity according to the shape and size requirements of the wear-resistant component; then, constructing a corresponding production system; next, preparing a metal-ceramic mixture and adding the metal-ceramic particles and metal particles into the molding cavity; controlling the vacuum degree and temperature within the molding cavity to reach a preset temperature; simultaneously, placing molten metal into a metal smelting furnace for heating and melting, and then injecting it into the molding cavity to fill the voids and pinholes between the metal-ceramic particles and metal particles; then, adjusting the vacuum degree and temperature within the molding cavity again to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant component; finally, post-processing to obtain the finished wear-resistant component. This method avoids deformation and cracking during the manufacturing process, and the final product exhibits excellent strength and wear resistance.

[0050] (2) The molding cavity of the present invention has four forms: A. Thin-walled molding cavity: mainly used for making wear-resistant pipes, long strip products and flat plate products; B. Hard steel mold molding cavity: mainly used for making round, ring and polygonal products; C. Steel sand mold molding cavity: mainly used for making slurry pump impeller and volute; D. Sealed lost wax molding cavity: mainly used for complex shaped products, so as to meet the production of wear-resistant parts of various shapes.

[0051] (3) The gold-ceramic particles of the present invention use a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.5 to 1.5: 8.5 to 9.5. By coating the surface of the ceramic particles with an active metal alloy, surface metallized ceramic particles (i.e., gold-ceramic particles) are made. Using these surface metallized ceramic particles can improve the wear resistance of the product. At the same time, the ratio of active metal and auxiliary welding metal can be optimized as needed to improve the connection strength and wear resistance, while reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0052] (4) In the preparation process of the gold-ceramic particles of the present invention, oxygen can be significantly removed by using a protective gas during the coating process, while reducing the residual amount of nitrogen, thereby protecting the active metal and preventing it from reacting with oxygen and nitrogen and affecting the performance of the product; while the reducing gas can eliminate the oxide layer on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal and improve the coating strength. This method can effectively control the production cost.

[0053] (5) The material replenishment chamber of the present invention, which is connected to the molding cavity, can not only store excess molten metal to prevent defects caused by volume shrinkage during the cooling process of the part; at the same time, the molten metal in the material replenishment chamber can be replenished into the part during cooling to ensure the perfect shape of the finished product.

[0054] (6) In the cooling process after product molding, the present invention starts cooling from the end away from the replenishment bin to ensure that the molten metal in the replenishment bin solidifies last. This method can prevent the product from cracking during the cooling process and having no molten metal to replenish it, thereby improving product quality and pass rate.

[0055] (7) The present invention can also install metal inserts in the molding cavity. The metal inserts play three important roles in the manufacturing process: first, as a connecting part between the wear-resistant parts and the main unit; second, as a connecting part for disassembly and assembly; and third, as an internal connecting rib to prevent deformation of large-area parts. The use of metal inserts provides great convenience for the installation, connection and loading of parts. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the thin-walled forming cavity in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the production system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the elongated sintering furnace in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thin-walled forming cavity structure of the removable inner tube in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum sintering furnace in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hard steel mold forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circular sintering furnace in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the steel sand mold forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the thin-walled forming cavity in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thin-walled forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 11 This is a layered sectional view of the slurry pump impeller fabricated using a thin-walled forming cavity in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal sintering furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0068] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal sintering furnace in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0069] Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the steel shot mold forming cavity in Embodiment Six of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel sand mold forming cavity placed in the heating furnace in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealed lost-wax molding cavity in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0072] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0073] 1-Coated reaction tube; 2-Ceramic mixture; 3-Pipe cap; 4-Ejection pipe; 5-Injection pipe; 6-Gold-ceramic granules; 7-Forming cavity; 8-Cavity cap; 9-Isolation net; 10-Long sintering furnace; 11-Auxiliary shaping fixture; 12-Exhaust pipe; 13-Feeding bin; 14-End cap; 15-Melting pipe; 16-Metal melting furnace; 17-Melting and pouring metal; 18-Heating furnace; 19-Gas control system; 20-Vacuum sintering furnace; 21-Second inner tube; 30-Circular sintering furnace; 31-Vacuum reaction vessel; 32-First melting chamber; 33-Sealed metal frame; 34-Pressure connection pipe; 35-Crucible; 42-Second melting chamber; 44-Pressure pipe; 45-Melting crucible; 46-Sand mold core; 47-Elbow outer shell; 50-Horizontal sintering furnace; 51-Horizontal vacuum sintering furnace Empty reaction vessel; 54-rotating shaft; 55-rotating shaft support; 56-furnace door; 57-first rotating shaft connector; 58-first liquid guide pipe; 67-second rotating shaft connector; 71-steel cavity shell; 72-steel cavity cover; 73-small cavity cover; 74-molding casting sand; 75-adhesive; 76-second liquid guide pipe; 111-lower clamp; 112-ring clamp; 113-upper clamp; 114-inner clamp; 115-support plate; 711-first inner tube; 712-first outer tube; 722-second outer tube; 751-rear plate outer shell; 752-rear plate inner shell; 753-blade shell; 754-front plate inner shell; 755-front plate outer shell; 761-shell cover; 762-pressure ring; 763-shell ring; 764-knife-shaped core mold; 765-tablet-shaped core mold; 766-lower shell plate. Detailed Implementation

[0074] To make the objectives, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant straight tube as an example, it is an aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant straight tube with an outer diameter of 450-500 mm and a length of 2 meters. The composite wear-resistant layer of the wear-resistant straight tube has a thickness of 20 mm. The preparation method is as follows:

[0077] Step 1: Fabricate the thin-walled forming cavity

[0078] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, a thin-walled forming cavity is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of a wear-resistant straight tube. The thin-walled forming cavity includes a first inner tube 711, a first outer tube 712, and two end caps 14. The first outer tube 712 has a wall thickness of 5mm and an outer diameter of [missing information]. A 2-meter-long Q235 steel straight pipe; the first inner pipe 711 is sleeved inside the first outer pipe 712, and it has a wall thickness of 2mm and an outer diameter of... A 2-meter-long Q235 steel straight pipe; two end caps 14, also made of Q235 steel, are welded to the ends of the first outer pipe 712 and the first inner pipe 711, respectively, forming a sealed molding cavity 7 with the first outer pipe 712 and the first inner pipe 711. One end cap 14 is connected to a melt delivery pipe 15; the other end cap 14 serves as the cavity cover 8 of the molding cavity, on which a material replenishment chamber 13 with an exhaust pipe 12 is installed; isolation nets 9 are installed at the interfaces of the material replenishment chamber 13 and the melt delivery pipe 15. Before use, the inner side of the first outer pipe 712 and the outer side of the first inner pipe 711 of the molding cavity 7 are cleaned, and an auxiliary shaping clamp 11 made of 304 stainless steel with a surface coated with a release agent is tightly fitted inside the first inner pipe 711.

[0079] Step 2: Set up the production system

[0080] Reference Figure 2 The production system includes a smelting unit and a forming unit; the smelting unit is a metal smelting furnace 16; the forming unit includes a forming cavity 7, a heating furnace 18, and a gas control system 19. The metal smelting furnace 16 is connected to the forming cavity 7 through a molten metal conveying pipe 15, and a high-frequency heating temperature control device is installed on the outside of the molten metal conveying pipe 15; the gas control system 19 is connected to the forming cavity 7, providing negative pressure for the molten metal in the metal smelting furnace 16, so that it enters the forming cavity 7 through the molten metal conveying pipe 15.

[0081] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0082] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 in a volume ratio of 5.2-5.8:4.2-4.8. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculation value. The actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited to filling the molding cavity 7. After filling, the pore volume in the molding cavity 7 is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles. The molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0083] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment were prepared by the following method:

[0084] 3.1 Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.68:9.32, wherein the ceramic particles are alumina with a particle size of 2.2-2.5 mm; the coating alloy includes active metal, auxiliary welding metal and ignition metal in a mass ratio of 25:73:2, wherein the active metal is titanium (powder), the auxiliary welding metal is copper (powder), and the ignition metal is copper-titanium alloy microparticles containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0085] 3.2. The ceramic particles and the coating alloy are mixed evenly to obtain ceramic mixture 2. When preparing ceramic mixture 2, a small amount of a binder that can be heated and decomposed, has good volatility, leaves no residue, and does not affect the performance of the surface-metallized ceramic particles or the manufacturing process can be added to adhere the powder in ceramic mixture 2 to the granular material. For example... Figure 3 As shown, after uniform mixing, the ceramic mixture 2 is loaded into the coating reaction tube 1, and the coating reaction tube 1 is sealed with the tube cap 3. Then, the sealed coating reaction tube 1 is connected together with the vacuum pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5, and placed in the high-temperature long sintering furnace 10. The vacuum equipment is then connected together with the vacuum pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 (the vacuum pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 can be installed separately for continuous control of the atmosphere; the vacuum pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5 can also be installed together for intermittent control of the atmosphere), thereby adjusting the vacuum degree inside the coating reaction tube 1. The gas inside the coating reaction tube 1 is extracted through the vacuum pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree inside the coating reaction tube 1 is 0.1~10Kpa. Then, the coating reaction tube 1 is heated to 250℃ through the long sintering furnace 10.

[0086] 3.3. Use the gas injection pipe 5 to slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube 1 to dilute the residual air and reduce the oxides on the metal surface, and continue heating and slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pump to extract the excess gas in the coating reaction tube 1, and keep the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 500℃, after the oxides on the metal surface in the auxiliary welding metal and the molten metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5.

[0087] 3.4. Extract the gas from the coating reaction tube 1 using a vacuum pump to achieve a vacuum level of 0.1–5 kPa. Maintain a stable vacuum level and heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100°C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. Then, hold the temperature for 15 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is complete, cool the temperature to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles, i.e., gold-ceramic particles 6, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag for later use.

[0088] Step 4: Fabricate wear-resistant straight pipes

[0089] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten metal pipe 15 to the metal smelting furnace 16 and the other end to the forming cavity 7. Then place the molten metal 17 into the metal smelting furnace 16 and heat it to melt it, so that the molten metal 17 reaches 780°C.

[0090] 4.2 Fill the molding cavity 7 with the gold ceramic particles 6 from the cavity cover 8. During filling, the first outer tube 712 is heated simultaneously with a high-frequency heating device to expand the volume of the molding cavity 7. After the molding cavity 7 is filled and compacted by vibration, the cavity cover 8 is sealed and welded to the cavity shell of the molding cavity 7 to form a closed molding cavity 7. Then, it is placed in the heating furnace.

[0091] 4.3. Extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree inside the molding cavity 7 reaches 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, then stop the extraction; then fill the molding cavity 7 with reducing gas and protective gas until the pressure reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat the molding cavity 7, and during the heating process, maintain the gas pressure inside the molding cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres; when the temperature reaches 450℃, replace the atmosphere inside the molding cavity with pure protective gas; continue heating to 700℃, then stop heating and maintain the temperature to ensure that the temperature inside and outside the molding cavity 7 is uniform; extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 to make its vacuum degree reach 0.05 to 0.1 atmospheres.

[0092] 4.4. Close the exhaust pipe 12 and open the valve between the molten metal conveying pipe 15 and the metal smelting furnace 16; at this time, the molten metal 17 in the metal smelting furnace 16 fills the feeding bin 13 and the forming cavity 7 through the molten metal conveying pipe 15 under pressure.

[0093] 4.5. Close the melt delivery pipe 15, pressurize the feeding chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7 by 3 atmospheres through the gas control system 19, and continue to heat up to 820℃ for brazing fusion; after completion, stop heating; open the heating furnace 18 and take out the forming cavity 7.

[0094] 4.6 Pressure holding and cooling: Cooling begins from the end without the feeding hopper 13 installed. During the cooling process, the heating and heat preservation device is adjusted to ensure that the molten liquid in the feeding hopper 13 solidifies last. The auxiliary shaping clamp 11 in the initially solidified wear-resistant straight tube is rapidly cooled, the auxiliary shaping clamp 11 is pulled out from the wear-resistant straight tube and the end cap is removed to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant straight tube containing the first inner tube 711 and the first outer tube 712.

[0095] Step 5, Post-processing

[0096] According to the preset process requirements, the wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product is placed into the heat treatment system for heat treatment or aging treatment; then, it is cut, welded and trimmed to produce the finished wear-resistant straight tube including the first inner tube 711 and the first outer tube 712.

[0097] The above methods are also applicable to the preparation of wear-resistant elbows, wear-resistant multi-way pipes, wear-resistant reducers, wear-resistant equipment pipe liners, and wear-resistant axial flow pump casings.

[0098] Example 2

[0099] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant straight tube as an example, the wear-resistant straight tube has a steel outer diameter of [missing information]. A 1.2-meter-long wear-resistant straight tube made of aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic is constructed, with a composite wear-resistant layer thickness of 15mm. The second outer tube (722) has a thickness of 5mm. The finished product has no inner tube. Alumina particles account for 68%–70% of the volume of the wear-resistant layer in the wear-resistant straight tube. The preparation method is as follows:

[0100] Step 1: Create a thin-walled molded cavity with a removable inner tube.

[0101] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a removable inner tube forming cavity 7 is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of a wear-resistant straight tube. It includes a second outer tube 722, a second inner tube 21 fitted inside the second outer tube 722, and two end caps 14. The second outer tube 722 has a wall thickness of 5mm and an outer diameter of [missing information]. A 1.2-meter-long Q235 steel straight pipe; the second inner pipe 21 is a removable inner pipe, which has a wall thickness of 5-8mm and an outer diameter of... A 1.5-meter-long 340 stainless steel hardened steel mold straight tube; the end cap 14 is made of Q235 steel. The outer side of the end cap 14 is welded to the second outer tube 722, and the inner side is fitted together with the cooled second inner tube 21 to form a sealed molding cavity 7. One end cap 14 is connected to a melt delivery pipe 15, while the other end cap 14 serves as the cavity cover 8 of the molding cavity, on which a material filling chamber 13 with an exhaust pipe 12 is installed. Isolation nets 9 are installed at both the interface of the material filling chamber 13 and the interface of the melt delivery pipe 15. Before use, the inner side of the second outer tube 722 is cleaned, and the outer surface of the inner tube can be coated with a high-temperature release agent.

[0102] Step 2: Build the production system as described in Example 1.

[0103] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0104] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 in a volume ratio of 6.8–7:3–3.2. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculation value, and the actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited to filling the molding cavity 7. The pore volume within the molding cavity 7 after filling is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles, with particle sizes of 5.8–6 mm, 1.8–2 mm, and 0.3–0.5 mm selected. The three types of gold-ceramic particles 6 are combined in a volume ratio of 40%:10%:20% to form a mixed gold-ceramic particle composition accounting for 68%–70% of the bulk volume. The molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0105] The aforementioned surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0106] 3.1 Three combinations of coating alloy and ceramic particles are prepared: the volume ratio of coating alloy to 5.8-6mm ceramic particles is 0.5:9.5; the volume ratio of coating alloy to 1.8-2mm ceramic particles is 0.75:9.25; and the volume ratio of coating alloy to 0.3-0.5mm ceramic particles is 1.5:8.5. The ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coating alloy includes active metal, auxiliary welding metal, and ignition metal in a mass ratio of 21:77:2, wherein the active metal is titanium powder; the auxiliary welding metal is copper powder; and the ignition metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0107] 3.2. Mix the three combinations evenly to obtain three sets of ceramic mixtures 2, and then load them into the corresponding coating reaction tubes 1. Next, place all the coating reaction tubes 1 in the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and arrange them evenly. Connect the gas extraction pipe 4 and gas injection pipe 5 on the vacuum sintering furnace 20 to the corresponding equipment, and seal the vacuum sintering furnace 20. Extract the gas from the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tubes 1 through the gas extraction pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tubes 1 is 0.1~10Kpa. Heat the coating reaction tubes 1 to 250℃ through the vacuum sintering furnace 20. Figure 5 As shown.

[0108] 3.3. Using the gas injection pipe 5, slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tube 1 to maintain continuous heating and slow temperature rise; at the same time, use the vacuum pumping equipment to extract excess gas from the vacuum sintering furnace 20 and the coating reaction tube 1, and simultaneously maintain the vacuum degree in the furnace at 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 600℃, after the oxides on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal and the molten metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5;

[0109] 3.4. Extract the gas from the coating reaction tube 1 using a vacuum device to achieve a vacuum level of 0.1–5 kPa. Maintain a stable vacuum level and heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100°C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. Hold the temperature for 20 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is complete, cool the temperature to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles. Pack these particles into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0110] Step 4: Fabricate wear-resistant straight pipes

[0111] Steps 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 are the same as the corresponding steps in Example 1.

[0112] In step 4.6, after cooling, the end caps at both ends of the cooled wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product are removed by machining. The wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product is then heated to a preset temperature, the second inner tube 21 in the wear-resistant straight tube is rapidly cooled, and the second inner tube 21 is extracted from the wear-resistant straight tube to obtain a wear-resistant straight tube semi-finished product containing the second outer tube 722.

[0113] Step 5, Post-processing

[0114] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, the finished wear-resistant straight tube (including the second outer tube 722) is obtained.

[0115] The above methods are also applicable to the manufacture of wear-resistant elbows, wear-resistant multi-way pipes, wear-resistant reducers, linings for various wear-resistant round pipe equipment, and wear-resistant axial flow pump casings.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant rectangular flat protective plate as an example, the wear-resistant rectangular flat protective plate is an aluminum alloy composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant protective plate with a width of 450mm to 500mm, a thickness of 15mm, and a length of 1 meter, and the alumina accounts for 45% to 50% of the volume in the wear-resistant layer. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0118] Step 1: Make the hard steel mold forming cavity

[0119] like Figure 6 As shown, a hard steel mold forming cavity 7 is fabricated according to the size requirements of the flat protective plate. This forming cavity 7 includes a cavity shell and a cavity cover 8. The cavity shell is made of 25mm thick high-temperature resistant steel and has an inner groove. The length and width of the area enclosed by the inner groove are 1000mm and 450mm-500mm respectively, and the depth of the cavity shell is 15mm. A cavity cover 8, also made of 25mm thick high-temperature resistant steel, has corresponding grooves with lengths and widths of 1000mm and 450mm-500mm respectively. A thermal expansion sealing metal frame 33 is installed inside the groove. Both the inner walls of the cavity shell and the cavity cover 8 are coated with a high-temperature resistant release agent. A material replenishment chamber 13 is installed on the cavity cover 8, connected to an exhaust pipe 12 and a melt delivery pipe 15. An isolation net 9 is installed at the inlet of the material replenishment chamber 13.

[0120] Step 2: Construct the production system as described in Example 1, wherein the smelting unit is a metal smelting furnace, which is a first smelting chamber 32 containing a crucible 35, and a pressurized connecting pipe 34 is installed on the first smelting chamber 32. The first smelting chamber 32 is connected to the forming cavity 7 by using a melt delivery pipe 15.

[0121] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0122] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6, metal particles, and molten metal 17 in a volume ratio of 4.5–5:1.8–2:3.2–3.6. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculation value, and the actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 and metal particles is limited to filling the molding cavity. The pore volume is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles with a particle size of 2.1–2.3 mm; the metal particles are Q235 steel particles with a particle size of 2 mm and a copper-plated surface; and the molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0123] The aforementioned surface-metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method:

[0124] 3.1 Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.69:9.31; the ceramic particles are alumina with a particle size of 2.1-2.3 mm; the coating alloy includes active metal, auxiliary welding metal and ignition metal in a mass ratio of 22:73:5; wherein, the active metal is titanium (powder), the auxiliary welding metal is copper (powder), and the ignition metal is copper-titanium alloy microparticles containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0125] 3.2, such as Figure 7 As shown, ceramic particles and coating alloy are mixed evenly to obtain ceramic mixture 2; the mixed ceramic mixture 2 is loaded into coating reaction tube 1; then the coating reaction tube 1 is ordered into vacuum reaction vessel 31, and the vacuum reaction vessel 31 is sealed with tube cap 3; then the vacuum reaction vessel 31 is placed into high-temperature circular sintering furnace 30; the gas extraction pipe 4 and gas injection pipe 5 on the vacuum reaction vessel 31 are connected to the corresponding equipment; the gas in the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 is extracted through the gas extraction pipe 4 to make the absolute vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1~10Kpa; the coating reaction tube 1 is heated to 180℃ through the circular sintering furnace 30.

[0126] 3.3. Use the gas injection pipe 5 to slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1, and continue heating to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use the vacuum pumping equipment to extract the excess gas in the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1, and keep the vacuum degree in the vacuum reaction vessel 31 equal to 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 700℃, after the oxide on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal is completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5.

[0127] 3.4. Using a vacuum pump, extract the gas from the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 to make the vacuum degree inside the coating reaction tube 1 0.1-5 kPa; keep the vacuum degree stable, and heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1120℃ according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy; keep it at this temperature for 25-30 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles; after the reaction is complete, cool it to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coated with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0128] Step 4: Fabricate wear-resistant flat protective plates

[0129] 4.1 Connect one end of the melt delivery pipe 15 to the first melting chamber 32, then place the molten metal 17 into the first melting chamber 32, seal the first melting chamber 32, and heat the molten metal 17 to the preset melt injection temperature; connect the other end of the melt delivery pipe 15 to the feeding chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7.

[0130] 4.2 First, install the sealed metal frame 33 inside the molding cavity 7, then fill the mixture of gold ceramic particles 6 and metal particles into the molding cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8; after vibration and compaction, seal and fasten the cavity cover 8 to the cavity shell to form a sealed molding cavity 7; then place the molding cavity 7 and the first melting chamber 32 into the heating furnace 18, and lead the exhaust pipe 12 and the pressurized connecting pipe 34 out of the heating furnace 18.

[0131] 4.3. Extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree inside the molding cavity 7 reaches 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, then stop the extraction; then fill the molding cavity 7 with protective gas until it reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat the molding cavity 7, maintaining the gas pressure inside the molding cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres during the heating process; when the temperature reaches 450℃, replace the atmosphere inside the molding cavity 7 with pure protective gas; continue heating to 750℃, then stop heating and maintain the temperature to ensure uniform temperature inside and outside the molding cavity 7; extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree reaches 0.08 atmospheres.

[0132] 4.4. Close the exhaust pipe 12, open the pressurization connection pipe 34 on the first melting chamber 32, slowly input gas into the first melting chamber 32 to pressurize it, and inject the molten metal 17 in the first melting chamber 32 into the feeding chamber 13 and the forming chamber 7; after the feeding chamber 13 and the forming chamber 7 are filled with molten metal 17, close the pressurization connection pipe 34.

[0133] 4.5. Open the exhaust pipe 12, apply 2 atmospheres of pressure to the feeding chamber 13 and the molding cavity 7, and continue to heat up to 800℃ for brazing fusion; after completion, stop heating; open the heating furnace 18 and take out the molding cavity 7.

[0134] 4.6 Pressure holding and cooling: Cooling begins at the end where the feeding chamber 13 was not installed. During the cooling process, the heating and heat preservation device is adjusted to ensure that the molten liquid in the feeding chamber 13 solidifies last. After cooling, a flat protective plate semi-finished product is obtained and removed from the molding cavity 7.

[0135] Step 5, Post-processing

[0136] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, the finished flat protective plate is obtained.

[0137] The above method is also applicable to the manufacture of wear-resistant liners for ball mills and rod mills, as well as for the manufacture of arc-shaped wear-resistant protective plates for large pipelines.

[0138] Example 4

[0139] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-brazed ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a wear-resistant bent pipe as an example, the bent pipe has an outer diameter of... A 90° elbow with a bending radius of R200mm and a wall thickness of 15mm; the wear-resistant elbow has a 5mm steel outer shell and a 10mm metal-ceramic wear-resistant inner lining. The manufacturing process includes the following steps:

[0140] Step 1: Making the steel shot mold forming cavity

[0141] like Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the steel sand mold forming cavity 7 is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of the bent pipe. The forming cavity 7 includes an outer diameter of... A 90° steel elbow shell 47 with a bending radius of R200mm and a wall thickness of 5mm, and a sand mold 46 made of molding sand. The molding sand consists of 60% alumina sand particles with a particle size of 0.2mm and 40% 320-mesh silicon carbide powder by volume; liquid phenolic resin is selected according to 5% of the total volume; the sand mold 46 with a diameter of 120mm is made by pressing with a mold to match the elbow shell 47 and have a positioning function.

[0142] In addition, the forming cavity 7 has two ends (i.e., end caps 14). One end is welded to the elbow shell 47 to form the cavity shell of the forming cavity 7, and the other end is welded to the exhaust pipe 12 to form the cavity cover 8. A hole is drilled in the outer wall of the elbow shell 47 at the lower part of the forming cavity 7, and a melt delivery pipe 15 is welded on it. The other end of the melt delivery pipe 15 is connected to the second melting chamber 42. Before use, the inner sides of the cavity shell and the cavity cover 8 are cleaned.

[0143] Step 2: Construct the production system as described in Example 1, wherein the smelting unit is a metal smelting furnace, which is a second smelting chamber 42 fitted with a smelting crucible 45. A pressurization pipe 44 is installed on the second smelting chamber 42 and connected to the gas control system 19. In this embodiment, the second smelting chamber 42 and the feeding chamber are designed as one unit, and an isolation net is installed at the interface between the exhaust pipe 12 and the molten liquid delivery pipe 15.

[0144] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0145] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6, metal particles, and molten metal 17 in a volume ratio of 5-5.5:1.2-1.5:3.1-3.7. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculation value; the actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 and metal particles is limited to filling the molding cavity, and the pore volume is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles with a particle size of 2.1-2.3 mm; the metal particles are Q235 steel particles with a particle size of 2 mm and a copper-plated surface; and the molten metal 17 is a tin bronze alloy.

[0146] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment were prepared by the following method:

[0147] 3.1 Prepare a coating alloy and ceramic particles with a volume ratio of 0.69:9.31, wherein the ceramic particles are silicon nitride and / or silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 2.1 to 2.3 mm; the coating alloy is a titanium-copper-nickel alloy powder, which includes an active metal and a welding auxiliary metal with a mass ratio of 39:61, wherein the active metal is selected from titanium, and the welding auxiliary metal is selected from copper and nickel with a mass ratio of 34:27.

[0148] 3.2. Ceramic particles and coating alloy are mixed evenly to obtain ceramic mixture 2, and ceramic mixture 2 is loaded into coating reaction tube 1; then coating reaction tube 1 is loaded into vacuum reaction vessel 31 and vacuum reaction vessel 31 is sealed; then vacuum reaction vessel 31 is placed into high-temperature circular sintering furnace 30; the gas extraction pipe 4 and gas injection pipe 5 on vacuum reaction vessel 31 are connected to the corresponding equipment; the gas in vacuum reaction vessel 31 and coating reaction tube 1 is extracted through gas extraction pipe 4 to make the vacuum degree in coating reaction tube 1 0.1~10Kpa; the coating reaction tube 1 is heated to 200℃ through circular sintering furnace 30. Figure 7 As shown.

[0149] 3.3. Using the gas injection pipe 5, slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 to dilute residual air and reduce the oxides on the metal surface, and continue heating to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pump to extract excess gas from the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1, and simultaneously maintain the vacuum level in the vacuum reaction vessel 31 at 1 atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 700℃, after the oxides on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal are completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5;

[0150] 3.4. Using a vacuum pump, extract the gas from the vacuum reaction vessel 31 and the coating reaction tube 1 to make the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 0.1-5 kPa; keep the vacuum degree stable, and heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1250℃ according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy; keep the temperature for 50-55 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles; after the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature to obtain surface metallized ceramic particles, and put them into a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coat them with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0151] Step 4: Making wear-resistant bends

[0152] 4.1 Connect one end of the melt delivery pipe 15 to the second melting chamber 42, then place the molten metal 17 into the second melting chamber 42, then seal the second melting chamber 42, heat the molten metal 17 to the preset melt injection temperature, and the second melting chamber 42 is also connected to a pressure pipe 44; the other end of the melt delivery pipe 15 is connected to the forming cavity 7, and then connect the exhaust pipe to the cavity cover 8 of the forming cavity 7.

[0153] 4.2 Place the sand core mold 46 into the molding cavity 7; then fill the mixture of gold ceramic particles 6 and metal particles into the molding cavity 7 from the position of the cavity cover 8; after compaction by vibration, seal and fasten the cavity cover 8 to the cavity shell to form a sealed molding cavity 7; then place the molding cavity 7 and the second melting chamber 42 into the heating furnace 18, and lead the exhaust pipe 12 and the pressure pipe 44 out of the heating furnace 18.

[0154] 4.3. Extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree inside the molding cavity 7 reaches 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, then stop the extraction; then fill the molding cavity 7 with reducing gas and protective gas until the pressure reaches 0.8 atmospheres; heat the molding cavity 7, maintaining the gas pressure inside the molding cavity 7 at 0.8 atmospheres during the heating process; when the temperature reaches 450℃, replace the atmosphere inside the molding cavity 7 with pure protective gas; continue heating to 1000℃, then stop heating and maintain the temperature to ensure uniform temperature inside and outside the molding cavity 7; extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree reaches 0.08 atmospheres.

[0155] 4.4. Seal the exhaust pipe 12, open the pressurization pipe 44, and slowly input gas into the second smelting chamber 42 to pressurize it, so as to inject the bronze molten liquid in the second smelting chamber 42 into the molding chamber 7; after the bronze molten liquid fills the molding chamber 7, continue to pressurize the second smelting chamber 42.

[0156] 4.5 Apply 1.5 atmospheres of pressure to the molding cavity 7 and continue heating to 1050℃ for brazing fusion; stop heating after completion; open the heating furnace 18 and remove the molding cavity 7.

[0157] 4.6 Pressure holding and cooling: Cooling begins from the end of the molded cavity 7 cover 8. During the cooling process, the heating and heat preservation device is adjusted to ensure that the molten liquid in the second melting chamber 42 and the melt delivery pipe 15 solidifies last. After cooling, the wear-resistant bent pipe semi-finished product is removed from the molded cavity 7.

[0158] Step 5, Post-processing

[0159] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, the finished wear-resistant bend is obtained.

[0160] The above method is also applicable to the manufacture of various wear-resistant tees, reducers, various special-shaped pipes, and various bushings.

[0161] Example 5

[0162] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-braced ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a slurry pump wear-resistant impeller (thin-walled molded cavity) as an example, which is a metal-composite alumina-ceramic wear-resistant impeller for a slurry pump, the preparation method is as follows:

[0163] Step 1: Fabricate the thin-walled forming cavity

[0164] like Figure 9 As shown, a thin-walled forming cavity 7 is designed and manufactured according to the dimensions of the wear-resistant impeller. This forming cavity 7 includes a front plate outer shell 755, a rear plate outer shell 751, a front plate inner shell 754, a rear plate inner shell 752, and five blade shells 753, all made of 1mm thick steel sheet. The total diameter is... A circular component. The wheel plate thickness is 300mm, and the front and rear impeller plate thicknesses are 35mm. During assembly, the first rotating shaft connector 57 is welded to the rear plate outer shell 751; the blade shell 753 is welded to the front plate inner shell 754 and the rear plate inner shell 752 respectively; then the rear plate outer shell 751 is welded together with the corresponding inner shell, and the front plate outer shell 755 is welded together with the corresponding inner shell to form the molded cavity 7 cavity shell (e.g., Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 (As shown). Then, a material filling chamber 13 with an exhaust pipe 12 is welded onto the front outer shell 755 to form the cavity cover 8. Before use, the inner sides of the cavity shell and cavity cover 8 need to be cleaned or copper-plated. In addition, the same steel as the forming cavity 7 is used to make the upper clamp 113, ring clamp 112, lower clamp 111, and support plate 115 for auxiliary shaping, as well as the inner clamp 114 for auxiliary shaping made of 304 stainless steel.

[0165] Step 2: Construct the production system as described in Example 1, wherein multiple first liquid guide pipes 58 are used to connect the front plate outer shell 755 to the feeding bin 13. The feeding bin 13 is welded with an exhaust pipe 12 and a melt delivery pipe 15 (or the pipes can be connected first and then separated outside the furnace), forming a cavity cover 8 (e.g., Figure 10As shown), an isolation net 9 is installed at the interface between the feeding bin 13 and the first liquid guide pipe 58, and a high-frequency heating temperature control device is installed on the melt delivery pipe 15.

[0166] Step 3: Prepare the gold-ceramic mixture

[0167] The gold-ceramic mixture in this embodiment includes gold-ceramic particles 6 and molten metal 17 in a volume ratio of 6-6.5:3.5-4. This volume ratio is a theoretical calculation value, and the actual volume of the gold-ceramic particles 6 is limited to filling the molding cavity, and the pore volume is the volume of the molten metal 17. The gold-ceramic particles 6 are surface-metallized ceramic particles; the molten metal 17 is pure aluminum.

[0168] The surface-metallized ceramic particles used in this embodiment were prepared by the following method:

[0169] 3.1 Prepare a coating alloy with a volume ratio of 1.1:8.9 and ceramic particles with a particle size of 0.8-1mm, wherein the ceramic particles are alumina particles; the coating alloy includes an active metal, a welding auxiliary metal, and a molten metal with a mass ratio of 23:72:5; the active metal is titanium (powder), the welding auxiliary metal is copper particles, and the molten metal is a copper-titanium alloy containing 20% ​​titanium.

[0170] 3.2, such as Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, ceramic particles and coating alloy are mixed evenly to obtain ceramic mixture 2; ceramic mixture 2 is loaded into coating reaction tube 1, and the opening of coating reaction tube 1 is plugged with a breathable tube plug; then coating reaction tube 1 is loaded into a rotatable horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51, and the horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51 is sealed with a tube cover 3; then the horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51 is placed into a horizontal sintering furnace 50, the rotating shaft 54 ​​on the horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51 is mounted on the rotating shaft support seat 55, and the furnace door 56 of the horizontal sintering furnace 50 is closed; the horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51 is connected to the corresponding equipment through the gas extraction pipe 4 and the gas injection pipe 5; the gas in the horizontal vacuum reaction vessel 51 and the coating reaction tube 1 is extracted through the gas extraction pipe 4, so that the vacuum degree in the coating reaction tube 1 is 0.1~10Kpa; the coating reaction tube 1 is heated to 150℃ through the horizontal sintering furnace 50.

[0171] 3.3. Using the gas injection pipe 5, slowly inject reducing gas and / or protective gas into the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 and the coating reaction tube 1, and continue heating to slowly increase the temperature; at the same time, use a vacuum pump to remove excess gas from the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 and the coating reaction tube 1, and simultaneously maintain the vacuum level in the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 at one atmosphere; when the temperature rises to 500℃, after the oxide on the surface of the auxiliary welding metal is completely reduced, close the gas injection pipe 5;

[0172] 3.4. Using a vacuum pump, extract the gas from the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 and the coating reaction tube 1 to achieve an absolute vacuum of 0.1–5 kPa in the coating reaction tube 1. Maintain a stable vacuum and heat the coating reaction tube 1 to 1100°C according to the heating curve to melt the coating alloy. While heating, simultaneously drive the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise. Hold the temperature for 30–35 minutes to allow the coating alloy to undergo a composite reaction with the surface of the ceramic particles. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature to obtain surface-metallized ceramic particles, which are then placed in a sealed anti-oxidation bag or coated with an anti-oxidation release agent for later use.

[0173] In the above process, if the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 is relatively small, the gold-ceramic mixture can be directly loaded into the horizontal vacuum reactor 51 to produce surface-metallized ceramic particles.

[0174] Step 4: Making a wear-resistant impeller

[0175] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten liquid conveying pipe 15 to the metal smelting furnace 16, and connect the other end of the molten liquid conveying pipe 15 to the feeding bin 13 connected to the forming cavity 7. Then place the molten metal 17 into the metal smelting furnace 16 for heating and melting, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal smelting furnace 16 reaches 850°C.

[0176] 4.2 Fill the molding cavity 7 with the gold ceramic particles 6 from the cavity cover 8 position; when filling, use rotational vibration to fill the molding cavity 7; when the molding cavity 7 is full and compacted by vibration, weld the cavity cover 8 to the cavity shell to form a closed molding cavity 7; then place the molding cavity 7 into the set position of the upper clamp 113, ring clamp 112 and lower clamp 11 for auxiliary shaping of the molding cavity 7 and fix it, and place the auxiliary shaping 304 stainless steel sand clamp 114 between the multiple blades 753 and between the molding cavity 7 and the ring clamp 112. After installation, place the molding cavity 7 into the heating furnace 18.

[0177] 4.3. Extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree in the molding cavity 7 reaches 0.05 to 0.2 atmospheres, then stop the extraction; then fill the molding cavity 7 with protective gas until it reaches 0.9 atmospheres; heat the molding cavity 7, and during the heating process, maintain the gas pressure in the molding cavity 7 at 0.8 to 0.9 atmospheres; when the temperature reaches 450℃, replace the atmosphere in the molding cavity with pure protective gas; continue heating to 700℃, stop heating, and maintain the temperature to ensure that the temperature inside and outside the molding cavity 7 is uniform; extract the gas from the molding cavity 7 through the exhaust pipe 12 until the vacuum degree reaches 0.08 atmospheres.

[0178] 4.4. Close the exhaust pipe 12 and open the valve between the molten metal conveying pipe 15 and the metal smelting furnace 16. At this time, the molten metal 17 in the metal smelting furnace 16 is filled into the feeding bin 13 through the molten metal conveying pipe 15 under pressure, and at the same time fills the forming cavity 7 through the first liquid guide pipe 58.

[0179] 4.5. Close the melt delivery pipe 15, turn on the gas control system, pressurize the feeding chamber 13 and the forming cavity 7 by 3 atmospheres, and continue to heat up to 850℃ for brazing fusion; after completion, stop heating; open the heating furnace 18 and remove the forming cavity 7.

[0180] 4.6 Pressure holding and cooling: Cooling begins from the periphery away from the feed hopper 13. During the cooling process, the heating and heat preservation devices are adjusted to ensure that the molten liquid in the feed hopper 13 and the first liquid guide pipe 58 solidifies last. After cooling, the clamps on the wear-resistant impeller are removed to obtain a semi-finished wear-resistant impeller with an imaging cavity.

[0181] Step 5, Post-processing

[0182] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, a finished wear-resistant impeller with a forming cavity is obtained.

[0183] The above methods are also applicable to the manufacture of wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant protective plates, wear-resistant pump inlets, wear-resistant auxiliary impellers, wear-resistant axial flow pump casings, and wear-resistant axial flow pump impellers for slurry pumps.

[0184] Example 6

[0185] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-braced ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a slurry pump wear-resistant impeller (steel sand mold forming cavity) as an example, which is a metal-composite alumina ceramic wear-resistant impeller for a slurry pump, the preparation method is as follows:

[0186] Step 1: Making the steel shot mold forming cavity

[0187] like Figure 14 , Figure 15 As shown, the steel shot mold forming cavity 7 in this embodiment consists of two parts:

[0188] 1. Design and manufacture the outer steel shell of the forming cavity 7 according to the dimensions of the wear-resistant impeller. The outer steel shell is the inner diameter. The outer steel shell is 20mm or thicker. The outer steel shell is composed of a lower shell plate 766, a shell ring 763, a pressure ring 762, and a shell cover 761. The inner sides of the lower shell plate 766 and the shell cover 761 are machined with a forming pattern according to the surface shape of the impeller. A feeding chamber 13 is welded on the shell cover 761, and an exhaust pipe 12 and a melt delivery pipe 15 are installed on the feeding chamber 13. An isolation net 9 is installed at the connection between the feeding chamber 13 and the shell cover 761.

[0189] 2. According to the shape of the wear-resistant impeller, multiple sand core molds are made by dividing the impeller into different parts. The multiple sand core molds include one platform core mold 765 and five knife-shaped core molds 764. After the sand core molds are made and cured (hardened), they are assembled and installed into the outer steel shell to form the steel sand mold forming cavity 7.

[0190] The aforementioned sand mold is formed by pressing shaped casting sand. The sand mold is made of 100% micro powder and is machined after curing (hardening). In this embodiment, the powder consists of 70% alumina micro powder with a particle size of 500 mesh and 30% 304 stainless steel micro powder with a particle size of 500 mesh, plus 8% liquid phenolic resin by volume. The mixture is then uniformly mixed and pressed to form the sand mold.

[0191] Step 2: Build the production system as described in Example 5.

[0192] Step 3 is the same as step 3 in Example 5.

[0193] Step 4: Making a wear-resistant impeller

[0194] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten liquid pipe 15 to the smelting furnace 16 and the other end to the feeding bin 13 connected to the forming cavity 7; then place the molten metal 17 into the metal smelting furnace 16 and heat it to melt, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal smelting furnace 16 reaches 800°C.

[0195] 4.2 First, connect the lower shell plate 766 to the shell ring 763; then install the platform-shaped core mold 765 at the center of the lower shell plate 766; then install the five knife-shaped core molds 764 into the shell in sequence, with one end of the knife-shaped core mold 764 installed on the platform-shaped core mold 765 and the other end installed on the protrusion of the shell ring 763 and pressed with the pressure ring 762; after installation, fill the shell with the gold ceramic particles 6, vibrating while filling; after filling and compacting, install the shell cover 761 of the second rotating shaft connector 67 connected to the external motor onto the shell. The lower shell plate 766, shell ring 763, and shell cover 761 are sealed together to form a closed molding cavity 7, which is then placed into the heating furnace 18.

[0196] Steps 4.3 to 4.6 are the same as in Example 5, except that in step 4.6, the steel sand mold forming cavity needs to be removed to obtain a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product.

[0197] Step 5, Post-processing

[0198] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, a finished wear-resistant impeller is obtained.

[0199] The above methods are also applicable to the manufacture of wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant protective plates, wear-resistant pump inlets, wear-resistant auxiliary impellers, wear-resistant axial flow pump casings, and wear-resistant axial flow pump impellers for slurry pumps.

[0200] Example 7

[0201] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a metal-braced ceramic wear-resistant component. Taking a slurry pump wear-resistant impeller (sealed lost-wax molding cavity) as an example, it is a metal-composite alumina-ceramic wear-resistant impeller for a slurry pump, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0202] Step 1: Create a sealed lost-wax molding cavity

[0203] like Figure 16 As shown, the sealed lost-wax molding cavity 7 in this embodiment is made in three steps:

[0204] The first step is to design and manufacture a wax impeller according to the dimensions of the wear-resistant impeller; then, according to the lost-wax casting process, wax molds for the pouring port and filling chamber are made on the wax impeller using wax material, and the wax molds are then finished.

[0205] The second step involves uniformly mixing quartz powder and / or alumina powder with water glass, ethyl silicate, or silica sol to prepare a molding shell slurry. This slurry is then coated onto the surface of a wax pattern, dried, and dewaxed by heating. The pattern is then heated to 1000°C and fired to form a sand mold shell for the molding cavity 7. A replenishment chamber 13 is connected to the sand mold shell via a second liquid guide pipe 76.

[0206] The third step is to use high-temperature resistant steel to make a sealed cavity slightly larger than the sand mold shell of the forming cavity 7. The sealed cavity is composed of a steel cavity shell 71 and a steel cavity cover 72. The steel cavity cover 72 has a small cavity cover 73, and the small cavity cover 73 is welded with an exhaust pipe 12 and a melt delivery pipe 15.

[0207] Step 2: Build the production system as described in Example 5.

[0208] Step 3 is the same as step 3 in Example 5.

[0209] Step 4: Making a wear-resistant impeller

[0210] 4.1 Connect one end of the molten liquid pipe 15 to the smelting furnace 16, and connect the other end and the exhaust pipe 12 to the small cavity cover 73 on the steel cavity cover 72 of the forming cavity 7; place the molten metal 17 into the metal smelting furnace 16 for heating and melting, so that the molten metal 17 in the metal smelting furnace 16 reaches 800°C.

[0211] 4.2 First, a sand mold shell is made using the lost-wax casting method. The gold and ceramic particles 6 are loaded into the sand mold shell through the feeding bin 13 attached to the sand mold shell. The gold and ceramic particles 6 enter the sand mold shell through the second liquid guide pipe 76. The sand mold shell is loaded by applying rotational centrifugation and high-frequency micro-vibration. After filling, it is placed into the steel cavity shell 71. Molding sand 74 with good thermal conductivity is used to fill all the gaps between the sand mold shell and the steel cavity shell 71. After filling, the steel cavity cover 72 is covered. Then, the molding sand powder mixed with high-temperature resistant binder 75 is filled into the small cavity cover 73. After filling, the small cavity cover 73 is installed to form a sealed lost-wax molding cavity 7. Then, it is placed into the heating furnace 18.

[0212] Steps 4.3 to 4.6 are the same as in Example 5, except that in step 4.6, the sealed lost-wax molding cavity needs to be removed to obtain a wear-resistant impeller semi-finished product.

[0213] Step 5, Post-processing

[0214] According to the preset process requirements and the post-processing method of Example 1, a finished wear-resistant impeller is obtained.

[0215] The method for preparing this wear-resistant impeller is mainly used to manufacture products with complex shapes. It is applicable to wear-resistant volutes, wear-resistant plates, wear-resistant pump inlets, wear-resistant auxiliary impellers, wear-resistant axial flow pump casings, wear-resistant axial flow pump impellers, and other wear-resistant parts with complex shapes for slurry pumps.

[0216] Although the foregoing embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein, and such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of making a metal brazed ceramic wear part, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, making a forming cavity According to the shape and size of the wear-resistant part, a forming cavity is made, and the shape and size of the inner cavity of the forming cavity are the same as those of the wear-resistant part; Step 2, building a production system The production system comprises a melting unit and a forming unit; the melting unit is a metal melting furnace for melting the casting metal; the forming unit comprises at least one forming cavity, a heating furnace and a gas control system; the heating furnace is used for heating the forming cavity; the metal melting furnace is communicated with each forming cavity through a molten liquid pipe, and a heat preservation or temperature adjusting device is arranged outside the molten liquid pipe; The gas control system is connected with the forming cavity, and is used for providing negative pressure for the casting metal in the metal melting furnace, so that the casting metal enters the corresponding forming cavity through the molten liquid pipe; Step 3, preparing a gold-ceramic mixture The gold-ceramic mixture comprises gold-ceramic particles, metal particles and casting metal in a volume ratio of 4.5-7:0-2:3-4.8; the gold-ceramic particles are surface metallized ceramic particles; the metal particles are at least one of carbon steel alloy, stainless steel, manganese steel alloy, chromium steel alloy and nickel steel alloy, and the particle size is 0.5-2 mm; the casting metal is at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and copper alloy; the surface metallized ceramic particles are prepared by the following method: 3.1, preparing coated alloy and ceramic particles in a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:8.5-9.5; the coated alloy comprises active metal, auxiliary welding metal and fluxing metal in a mass ratio of 15-40:60-80:0-10; the active metal is at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, titanium hydride, zirconium and chromium; the auxiliary welding metal is at least one of copper, copper alloy, nickel and boron; the fluxing metal is an alloy containing copper and titanium and having a melting point lower than 900 DEG C; the ceramic particles are at least one of alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, titanium carbide reinforced alumina, titanium carbide reinforced silicon carbide, titanium carbide reinforced silicon nitride and silicon carbide reinforced alumina, and the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.3-6 mm; 3.2, mixing the ceramic particles and the coated alloy, then loading them into a coating reaction tube, sealing the coating reaction tube or loading the coating reaction tube into a sealed system, and then extracting the gas in the coating reaction tube through an air extraction pipe to make the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1 Kpa-10 Kpa, and then heating the coating reaction tube to 150 DEG C-300 DEG C; 3.3, injecting reducing gas and / or protective gas into the coating reaction tube through an air injection pipe, slowly heating and extracting the excess gas in the coating reaction tube, so that the vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube is always equal to one atmosphere, until the temperature is raised to 500 DEG C-700 DEG C, and then the air injection pipe is closed after the metal surface oxides in the auxiliary welding metal and the fluxing metal are completely reduced; 3.4, extracting the gas in the coating reaction tube through the air extraction pipe to keep the internal vacuum degree of the coating reaction tube 0.1 Kpa-5 Kpa, and then heating to 900 DEG C-1250 DEG C, keeping for 15-60 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the surface metallized ceramic particles; Step 4, making a wear-resistant part 4.1, one end of the melt pipe is placed in the metal melting furnace, the other end is communicated with each forming cavity; then the molten metal is placed in the metal melting furnace to heat and melt, so that it reaches the preset melt injection temperature; 4.2, the gold porcelain particles and metal particles are mixed uniformly and then filled into the forming cavity; after filling, vibration, compaction and sealing, the forming cavity is placed in the heating furnace; 4.3, the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe, so that the vacuum degree reaches 0.05-0.2 atm, and the extraction is stopped; the reducing gas and / or protective gas is filled into the forming cavity until the vacuum degree is equal to 1 atm; the forming cavity is heated and warmed, and during the warming, the vacuum degree in the forming cavity is kept equal to 1 atm; when the temperature rises to 450-550℃, the gas in the forming cavity is replaced by pure protective gas; continue to heat to the preset temperature, stop warming, keep the temperature, and make the temperature inside and outside the forming cavity uniform; the gas in the forming cavity is extracted through the exhaust pipe, so that the vacuum degree reaches 0.05-0.1 atm; 4.4, the exhaust pipe is closed, and the molten molten metal is injected from the metal melting furnace into the forming cavity through the melt pipe by the gas control system until the forming cavity and the feeding bin are filled; 4.5, close the melt pipe, pressurize the feeding bin and the forming cavity to 1-3 atm by the gas control system, and continue to warm up 0-250℃ for brazing and fusion, and then take out the forming cavity from the heating furnace; 4.6, the semi-finished product of wear-resistant parts is obtained after pressure maintaining and cooling; Step 5, post-processing According to the preset process requirements, the semi-finished product of wear-resistant parts is sequentially subjected to heat treatment, cutting, welding and finishing to obtain the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts.

2. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the forming cavity comprises a cavity shell and a cavity cover connected with the cavity shell; the cavity shell or the cavity cover is provided with a feeding bin, and the interface between the feeding bin and the cavity shell or the cavity cover is provided with a separation net; the feeding bin is provided with an exhaust pipe, and the outside of the feeding bin is provided with a heat preservation device; In step 2, the melt pipe is connected with the cavity shell or the cavity cover, or connected with the cavity shell or the cavity cover through the feeding bin, and the connection part is provided with a separation net; the heat preservation device of the melt pipe and the feeding bin selects an induction heating or resistance wire heating heat preservation device.

3. The preparation method of the metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the forming cavity has four forms, which are thin-walled forming cavity, hard steel mold forming cavity, steel sand mold forming cavity and sealed lost wax forming cavity; The thin-walled forming cavity is a sealed cavity made of metal sheet according to the shape of the wear-resistant parts; the thin-walled forming cavity is provided with an auxiliary shaping fixture, and the inner cavity of the thin-walled forming cavity is cleaned or electroplated; the thin-walled forming cavity is wrapped on the wear-resistant parts as a part of the wear-resistant parts, and the auxiliary shaping fixture is removed; The hard steel mold forming cavity is a sealed cavity with the same inner cavity as the wear-resistant parts made of high-temperature resistant steel according to the shape of the wear-resistant parts, and the inner wall of the hard steel mold forming cavity is coated with a high-temperature resistant release agent; The steel sand molding cavity is a sealed cavity with a steel mold outside and a sand mold inside, which is made according to the shape of the wear-resistant part. The sealed lost wax forming cavity is a wax mold made of paraffin according to the shape of the wear-resistant part, and then a forming cavity shell is made according to the lost wax method. The prepared forming cavity shell is placed in a closed steel shell, and the forming sand is filled between the forming cavity shell and the closed steel shell to form a sealed lost wax forming cavity.

4. The method for preparing metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 3, wherein: In step 4.1, the preset molten metal injection temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal and lower than the lowest melting point of the cladding alloy.

5. The method for preparing metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 4, wherein: In step 4.2, when the wear-resistant part needs a metal insert, the metal insert is installed in the corresponding position in the forming cavity before the gold ceramic particles and metal particles are filled.

6. The method for preparing metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 5, wherein: In step 4.3, the preset temperature is higher than the melting point of the molten metal and lower than or equal to the preset molten metal injection temperature in step 4.

1.

7. The method for preparing metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 6, wherein: In step 4.4, the temperature of the molten metal injected into the forming cavity is 100-400°C higher than the melting point of the molten metal.

8. The method for preparing metal brazed ceramic wear-resistant parts according to claim 7, wherein: In step 4.6, the cooling process starts from one end or both ends of the forming cavity away from the feeding bin to ensure that the molten metal in the feeding bin solidifies last.

Images