Organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil and a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer for improving the citrus planting soil is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by mass, the fertilizer is prepared from 60-70 parts of straw, 10-30 parts of animal waste, 20-40 parts of peanut bran, 5-15 parts of waste edible fungi, 20-30 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of lysine, 1-5 parts of cellulase, 30-40 parts of montmorillonite and 30-40 parts of chitosan. According to the invention, montmorillonite and chitosan with different molecular weights are compounded, and the chitosan with different molecular weights and montmorillonite form a three-dimensional network structure through hydrogen-bond interaction, so that the adsorption effect of montmorillonite on heavy metal ions in acid soil is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The ideal geographical environment for planting citrus is paddy fields or slopes with a groundwater depth of more than 0.7 meters and the ability to utilize river water for irrigation. With the strong promotion of the work of "non-grainification and non-agriculturalization", more and more citrus planting areas need to move from wasteland to mountains, that is, the development process of citrus planting from paddy fields to mountains is an inevitable one. However, at present, 80% of the wastelands and mountains intended for citrus planting are the production areas after eucalyptus trees have been cut down. The soil environment nutrients in the production areas after eucalyptus tree planting are severely lacking, there are few microorganisms, few trace elements, and low fertility. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the citrus planting environment and ensure the improvement of the yield and quality of mountain citrus.

[0003] In order to solve the problems of severely lacking soil environment nutrients, few microorganisms, few trace elements, and low fertility in citrus planting soil, farmers blindly apply chemical fertilizers and neglect the use of organic fertilizers and soil improvement cultivation, resulting in the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the deterioration of soil structure, serious soil acidification, a significant decline in fertility, and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. And heavy metal lead in acidic soil is more easily absorbed by citrus and accumulates through the food chain, ultimately affecting human health.

[0004] Therefore, providing an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil and effectively improving soil structure and reducing the absorption of lead by citrus is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil. By compounding montmorillonite and chitosan with different molecular weights, a three-dimensional network structure is formed between the chitosan with different molecular weights and montmorillonite through hydrogen bond action, promoting the adsorption of heavy metal ions by montmorillonite in acidic soil.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil, which is prepared by fermentation from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 - 70 parts of straw, 10 - 30 parts of animal manure, 20 - 40 parts of peanut bran, 5 - 15 parts of waste edible fungi, 20 - 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5 - 10 parts of lysine, 1 - 5 parts of cellulase, 30 - 40 parts of montmorillonite, and 30 - 40 parts of chitosan.

[0007] Preferably, the molecular weight of the chitosan is 1KDa - 375KDa.

[0008] Preferably, the chitosan includes first chitosan, second chitosan, and third chitosan. The molecular weight of the first chitosan is 1 KDa to 10 KDa, the molecular weight of the second chitosan is 50 KDa to 90 KDa, and the molecular weight of the third chitosan is 310 KDa to 375 KDa.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first chitosan to the second chitosan and the third chitosan is 5 to 10: 3 to 7: 1.

[0010] Preferably, the animal manure includes at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, and sheep manure.

[0011] Preferably, the discarded edible fungi include at least one of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hypsizygus tessellatus, and Agaricus bisporus.

[0012] Preferably, the number of bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / g.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil, including the following steps:

[0014] S1. Mix water with animal manure, add straw, peanut bran, and discarded edible fungi, and then add cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0015] S2. Add Bacillus subtilis to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0016] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, regularly turn the pile, and add chitosan, montmorillonite, and lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0017] Preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of the water to the animal manure is 1: 0.7 to 1.

[0018] Preferably, S3 is specifically: Stack the mixture B into a pile, cover it with a film, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, and after composting for 18 - 22 days, add chitosan, montmorillonite, and lysine and mix to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The organic fertilizer of the present invention is used for planting citrus, which can effectively increase the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available iron, available zinc, and available boron in the soil and reduce the absorption of heavy metal ions by citrus.

[0021] (2) The adsorption capacity of montmorillonite for heavy metals depends on the acidity or alkalinity of the environment. The stronger the alkalinity, the stronger the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite for heavy metals. However, most citrus varieties need to grow well under the condition of pH value of 5-7 (i.e., slightly acidic condition). Therefore, under the pH value condition suitable for citrus growth, the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite for heavy metals is weak. In the present invention, montmorillonite and chitosan with different molecular weights are compounded. Chitosan with different molecular weights forms a three-dimensional network structure with montmorillonite through hydrogen bond interaction, promoting the adsorption of heavy metal ions by montmorillonite in acidic soil, reducing the absorption of heavy metals by citrus, and thus reducing the content of heavy metals in citrus. Detailed implementation mode

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Preparation of organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0024] S1. Mix 10 parts by mass of water with 10 parts by mass of pig manure, add 60 parts by mass of straw, 40 parts by mass of peanut bran and 5 parts by mass of mushrooms, and then add 5 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0025] S2. Add 30 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0026] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50-60 °C, turn the pile once a day, and after composting for 18-22 days, add 15.38 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1KDa-10KDa, 21.54 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 50KDa-90KDa, 3.08 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 310KDa-375KDa, 30 parts by mass of montmorillonite and 5 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0027] Example 2: Preparation of organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0028] S1. Mix 42.8 parts by mass of water with 30 parts by mass of pig manure, add 70 parts by mass of straw, 20 parts by mass of peanut bran and 15 parts by mass of mushrooms, and then add 1 part by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0029] S2. Add 20 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A, and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0030] S3. Stack mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, and after composting for 18 - 22 days, add 21.43 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1KDa - 10KDa, 6.43 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 50KDa - 90KDa, 2.14 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 310KDa - 375KDa, 40 parts by mass of montmorillonite, and 10 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0031] Example 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0032] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran, and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0033] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A, and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0034] S3. Stack mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, and after composting for 18 - 22 days, add 21 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1KDa - 10KDa, 12 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 50KDa - 90KDa, 3 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 310KDa - 375KDa, 34 parts by mass of montmorillonite, and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0035] Example 4: Preparation of organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0036] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran, and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0037] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A, and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0038] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day. After composting for 18 - 22 days, add 36 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1 KDa - 10 KDa, 34 parts by mass of montmorillonite, and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0039] Example 5: Preparation of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0040] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran, and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0041] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0042] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day. After composting for 18 - 22 days, add 36 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 50 KDa - 90 KDa, 34 parts by mass of montmorillonite, and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0043] Example 6: Preparation of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0044] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran, and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0045] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0046] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day. After composting for 18 - 22 days, add 36 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 310 KDa - 375 KDa, 34 parts by mass of montmorillonite, and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0047] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0048] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran, and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0049] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0050] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, after composting for 18 - 22 days, add 34 parts by mass of montmorillonite and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0051] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0052] S1. Mix 25 parts by mass of water with 20 parts by mass of pig manure, add 63 parts by mass of straw, 33 parts by mass of peanut bran and 11 parts by mass of shiitake mushrooms, and then add 2 parts by mass of cellulase to obtain mixture A;

[0053] S2. Add 26 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis with a bacterial count of 10 7 CFU / g to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B;

[0054] S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, after composting for 18 - 22 days, add 21 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 1 KDa - 10 KDa, 12 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 50 KDa - 90 KDa, 3 parts by mass of chitosan with a molecular weight of 310 KDa - 375 KDa and 7 parts by mass of lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

[0055] Apply the organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 - 6 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 to the soil for planting citrus, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0056] The citrus orchards with similar physical and chemical properties of the soil were evenly divided into 9 regions. After citrus fruits were picked, in 8 regions, pits were dug respectively to bury the base fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, commercially available) at 20 kg / mu, and then pits were dug respectively to bury the organic fertilizers for improving citrus planting soil prepared in Examples 1-6 or Comparative Examples 1-2 at 150 kg / mu, that is, the same organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil after citrus picking was buried in each region. After covering the soil with earth and watering, the organic fertilizers for improving citrus planting soil prepared in Examples 1-6 or Comparative Examples 1-2 at 10 kg / mu were applied respectively before the citrus trees blossomed, that is, the same organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil after citrus picking was buried in each region. During the formation period of young fruits, the organic fertilizers for improving citrus planting soil prepared in Examples 1-6 or Comparative Examples 1-2 at 30 kg / mu were applied respectively, that is, the same organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil after citrus picking was buried in each region. During the fruit swelling and autumn shoot sprouting period, the organic fertilizers for improving citrus planting soil prepared in Examples 1-6 or Comparative Examples 1-2 at 30 kg / mu were applied respectively, that is, the same organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil after citrus picking was buried in each region; in the remaining 1 region, only pits were dug to bury the base fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, commercially available) at 20 kg / mu, after covering the soil with earth and watering, the base fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, commercially available) at 10 kg / mu was applied respectively before the citrus trees blossomed, the base fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, commercially available) at 30 kg / mu was applied respectively during the formation period of young fruits, and the base fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, commercially available) at 30 kg / mu was applied respectively during the fruit swelling and autumn shoot sprouting period.

[0057] When the citrus fruits were almost ripe, the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the citrus orchard were detected, and the lead contents of the citrus in 9 regions were measured respectively. The reduction amounts of the lead contents of the citrus applying the organic fertilizers in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were calculated relative to the citrus applying only the base fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the soil and absorption of heavy metals by citrus.

[0059] Sample pH value Organic matter (g / kg) Available nitrogen (mg / kg) Available iron (mg / kg) Available zinc (mg / kg) Available boron (mg / kg) Reduction amount of lead content (%) Example 1 5.9 25.2 92 17.6 2.3 0.84 54.6 Example 2 5.8 24.6 95 17.1 2.2 0.81 56.2 Example 3 6.1 25.8 91 18.0 2.4 0.83 55.8 Example 4 5.7 25.5 89 16.9 2.0 0.80 43.5 Example 5 6.0 25.1 88 16.8 2.6 0.79 31.0 Example 6 5.9 24.8 93 17.4 2.1 0.82 38.4 Comparative example 1 5.6 25.1 94 17.7 2.5 0.80 16.7 Comparative example 2 5.8 24.9 90 17.3 2.4 0.84 5.3

[0060] As can be seen from Table 1, when the organic fertilizers for improving citrus planting soil prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention were applied to plant citrus, the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available iron, available zinc and available boron in the soil could be effectively increased, and the absorption of heavy metal ions by citrus could be reduced.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that after reading the specification of this application, they can still modify the specific implementation manners of the present invention or make equivalent substitutions, but these modifications or changes do not fall within the protection scope of the pending claims of this invention application.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil, characterized in that, It is prepared by fermentation from raw materials including the following parts by mass: 60 - 70 parts of straw, 10 - 30 parts of animal manure, 20 - 40 parts of peanut bran, 5 - 15 parts of waste edible fungi, 20 - 30 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5 - 10 parts of lysine, 1 - 5 parts of cellulase, 30 - 40 parts of montmorillonite, and 30 - 40 parts of chitosan.

2. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil as described in claim 1, wherein The molecular weight of the chitosan is 1KDa - 375KDa.

3. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chitosan includes first chitosan, second chitosan, and third chitosan. The molecular weight of the first chitosan is 1KDa - 10KDa, the molecular weight of the second chitosan is 50KDa - 90KDa, and the molecular weight of the third chitosan is 310KDa - 375KDa.

4. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil as described in claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the first chitosan to the second chitosan and the third chitosan is 5 - 10:3 - 7:

1.

5. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The animal manure includes at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, and sheep manure.

6. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waste edible fungi includes at least one of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hypsizygus tessellatus, and Agaricus bisporus.

7. The organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil as described in claim 1, wherein, The number of Bacillus subtilis is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / g.

8. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Mix water with animal manure, add straw, peanut bran, and waste edible fungi, and then add cellulase to obtain mixture A. S2. Add Bacillus subtilis to the mixture A and mix to obtain mixture B. S3. Stack the mixture B into a pile, turn the pile regularly, and add chitosan, montmorillonite, and lysine to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.

9. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil according to claim 8, wherein, In S1, the mass ratio of the water to the animal manure is 1:0.7 - 1.

10. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil according to claim 8, characterized in that, S3 specifically is: Stack the mixture B into a pile, cover it with a film, remove the film after the temperature rises to 50 - 60 °C, turn the pile once a day, and after composting for 18 - 22 days, add chitosan, montmorillonite, and lysine and mix to obtain the organic fertilizer for improving citrus planting soil.