A high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging and its preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of cable preparation and is used to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the ultraviolet aging resistance and toughness of wind power cables need to be further improved. The wind power cable specifically comprises a conductor layer, a shielding layer and a sheath layer. The invention comprises the following steps: wrapping an organic silicon layer on the outside of nano-titanium dioxide particles while modifying amino groups to obtain a modified chain extender, which chain extends a long-chain polyurethane structure to obtain a composite polyurethane, and then using activated glass microspheres as a matrix and methyl orthosilicate as a supplement to prepare a modified aerogel through hydrolysis, and modifying ferrosilicate particles by in-situ loading on the modified aerogel, and further modifying perfluorinated groups to obtain the composite aerogel. Finally, the composite polyurethane, the composite aerogel and auxiliary materials are mixed and melt-extruded to obtain the sheath layer of the wind power cable, thereby obtaining the wind power cable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable preparation, and in particular to a high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The development of wind power cables has evolved from traditional PVC sheaths to high-performance polyurethane and radiation-cross-linked materials. Early cables performed poorly in terms of UV resistance and low-temperature toughness, and were prone to aging and cracking due to long-term exposure to the high altitude and strong UV radiation environment of wind farms.

[0003] With the advancement of material technology, thermoplastic elastomers and low-smoke halogen-free materials have been introduced to improve the weather resistance and mechanical strength of the sheath layer, especially the polyurethane sheath, which has excellent resistance to UV aging and high flexibility, and remains non-brittle at low temperatures. It is widely used inside wind turbine towers and in dynamic wiring areas. In recent years, nano-modification and polymer blending technology have further improved the reliability of cables in extreme environments, promoting the development of wind cables towards longer life and stronger environmental adaptability.

[0004] For example, the prior art CN118027581B discloses a weather-resistant and flame-retardant PVC cable material for charging piles, which includes the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 45-55 parts of plasticizer, 8-12 parts of flame retardant, 4-6 parts of calcium / zinc composite stabilizer, 30-40 parts of calcined clay, and 1-1.2 parts of lubricant. The main plasticizer is a compound of DOTP and DOP, which not only has a good toughening effect, but also can improve the weather resistance of PVC cable materials. New flame retardants are synthesized by chemical means and can be applied to PVC cable materials. Not only can the flame retardant properties of the cable materials be significantly improved, but also the anti-aging properties of the PVC cable materials, thereby improving their weather resistance, and can also synergize with the main plasticizer to make the PVC cable material have good toughness, and finally a PVC cable material with both weather resistance and flame retardancy is obtained, which can be used in the cable structure of charging piles.

[0005] However, the above invention only obtains a weather-resistant cable material by compounding DOTP and DOP and mixing them with auxiliary materials. However, although the DOTP and DOP plasticizer combination used has weather resistance, the UV sensitivity of DOP easily causes chain degradation, resulting in an ineffective balance between flexibility and light stability. The calcium / zinc stabilizer is difficult to fully inhibit photooxidation free radicals, and the calcined clay has insufficient compatibility, which easily leads to stress concentration and reduced toughness. Ultimately, the UV resistance and toughness of the material need to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the ultraviolet aging resistance and toughness of wind power cables need to be further improved.

[0007] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: A high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging comprises a conductor layer, a shielding layer and a sheath layer;

[0008] The conductor layer is composed of a plurality of copper conductors and an outer insulating layer, the insulating layer is composed of polyvinyl fluoride, the shielding layer is formed by wrapping a copper tape around the surface of the conductor layer, and the outer sheath layer is formed by melt-extruding a composite polyurethane material and coating it on the surface of the shielding layer and curing it;

[0009] The composite polyurethane material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of composite polyurethane, 10-15 parts of composite aerogel, 10-15 parts of plasticizer, 2-5 parts of stabilizer and 0.5-2 parts of lubricant;

[0010] The preparation method of the composite polyurethane comprises the following steps: adding ethylene glycol, (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle and stirring, raising the temperature of the reaction kettle to 50-60° C., adding a dimethyldiphenyl diisocyanate solution dropwise into the reaction kettle, keeping the temperature for reaction for 40-60 minutes, adding a modified chain extender into the reaction kettle, keeping the temperature for reaction for 20-30 minutes, and performing post-processing to obtain the composite polyurethane.

[0011] The reaction equation for preparing composite polyurethane is:

[0012]

[0013] The reaction principle for preparing composite polyurethane is as follows: under heating and catalyst catalysis, ethylene glycol and (ethylmethylsilyl) bis-methanol provide hydroxyl groups as soft segments, which react with the isocyanate of dimethyldiphenyl diisocyanate to form urethane bonds, forming a polyurethane prepolymer. The modified chain extender further reacts with the amino group and the isocyanate group terminated by the polyurethane prepolymer to extend the chain segment and introduce functional groups to form a composite polyurethane with a cross-linked network.

[0014] Furthermore, the plasticizer in the composite polyurethane material is one or both of diisononyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; the stabilizer is one or more of tribasic lead sulfate, calcium stearate and dibutyltin dilaurate; and the lubricant is one or both of calcium stearate and zinc stearate.

[0015] Furthermore, in the process of preparing the composite polyurethane, the amount ratio of ethylene glycol, (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dibutyltin dilaurate, dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution and modified chain extender is 0.2-0.3g:0.6-0.7g:5-6mL:0.1g:15-18mL:1-2g, wherein the dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution is obtained by mixing dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate and N,N-dimethylformamide in an amount ratio of 4g:15-18mL. The post-treatment includes: after the reactor is cooled to room temperature, the reaction liquid is added to a rotary evaporator with a salt bath temperature of 80-100°C, and distilled under reduced pressure until no liquid is extracted to obtain the composite polyurethane.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified chain extender comprises the following steps:

[0017] A1. Add nano-titanium dioxide and a mixed solvent into a reactor, stir at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, adjust the pH of the reaction system to 4-5 with acetic acid, and continue stirring for 20-25 minutes to obtain a dispersion;

[0018] A2. Add the dispersion to a reactor and stir. After the temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, add methyl orthosilicate dropwise to the reactor while stirring. After keeping warm and stirring for 40-60 minutes, add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the reactor and continue keeping warm and stirring for 10-15 minutes. Post-process to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0019] The reaction principle for preparing the modified chain extender is as follows: after activation by acetic acid, the activity of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano-titanium dioxide is enhanced, and the silicon-oxygen bonds on methyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane are hydrolyzed to construct a siloxane network on the surface of nano-titanium dioxide, and amino functional groups are introduced to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0020] Furthermore, in step A1, the ratio of the nano-titanium dioxide to the mixed solvent is 1-2 g:10-12 mL, wherein the mixed solvent is a mixture of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:3-4;

[0021] Furthermore, in step A2, the amount ratio of the dispersion, methyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 8-10 mL: 0.3-0.6 g: 0.1-0.2 g, and the post-treatment includes: after the reaction is completed, after the temperature of the reactor is lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid is filtered to collect the filter cake, the filter cake is washed 3-5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and the filter cake is transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60-80°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake has a constant weight to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0022] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite aerogel comprises the following steps:

[0023] B1. Under nitrogen protection, the modified aerogel, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride and deionized water were added to an ultrasonic instrument. After ultrasonication at room temperature for 10-12 minutes, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 12-13 with saturated ammonia water. The temperature of the ultrasonic instrument was increased to 40-50°C, and ultrasonication was continued for 12-16 hours. After post-treatment, a composite aerogel precursor was obtained.

[0024] B2. Add the composite aerogel precursor, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water into the reactor. After the temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, use a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH of the reaction system to 8-10. Continue to keep the temperature for 1-2 hours, and then post-treat to obtain the composite aerogel.

[0025] The reaction principle for preparing composite aerogels is as follows: the porous structure and silanol groups of the modified aerogel provide deposition sites for ferroferric oxide, and the in situ generation of ferroferric oxide is promoted under ultrasonic and alkaline conditions to form a composite aerogel precursor. The silicon-oxygen bonds on perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane are hydrolyzed to modify the perfluoro groups on the surface of the composite aerogel precursor, and finally a composite aerogel is prepared.

[0026] Furthermore, in step B1, the ratio of the modified aerogel, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride and deionized water is 20-24 g: 0.8 g: 0.3 g: 100 mL, and the post-treatment includes: after the reaction is completed, taking out the aerogel material, washing the aerogel material with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water 3-5 times, transferring the filter cake to a drying oven at a temperature of 60-80 ° C and vacuum drying until the filter cake has a constant weight, thereby obtaining a composite aerogel precursor;

[0027] Furthermore, the usage ratio of the composite aerogel precursor, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water is 8-10 g:2-3 g:40-60 mL:20-30 mL, and the post-treatment includes: after the reaction is completed, taking out the aerogel material, washing the aerogel material 3-5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, transferring the filter cake to a drying oven at a temperature of 60-80 ° C and vacuum drying until the filter cake has a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel.

[0028] Furthermore, the preparation method of the modified aerogel comprises the following steps:

[0029] C1. Add hollow glass microspheres and 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a reactor and stir. Raise the temperature of the reactor to 60-80° C., keep the temperature for 1-2 hours, and perform post-processing to obtain activated glass microspheres.

[0030] C2. Methyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water are added to a magnetic stirring kettle, stirred at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, and then the pH of the reaction system is adjusted to 8-10 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, and after stirring for 40-60 minutes, activated glass microspheres are added to the autoclave. The autoclave is sealed, and the temperature is raised to 120-160°C. The reaction is kept warm for 6-8 hours, and the modified aerogel is obtained by post-processing.

[0031] The reaction principle for preparing modified aerogel is as follows: hollow glass microspheres are activated under alkaline conditions to increase the surface silanol density, followed by hydrolysis and condensation of methyl orthosilicate under alkaline conditions to form a three-dimensional siloxane network, which then forms a gel structure under hydrothermal conditions to finally prepare the modified aerogel.

[0032] Furthermore, in step C1, the ratio of the hollow glass microspheres to the 3-5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1-2g:10-15mL, and the post-treatment includes: after the reaction is completed, after the temperature of the reactor is lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid is filtered to collect the filter cake, the filter cake is washed 3-5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and the filter cake is transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60-80°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake has a constant weight to obtain activated glass microspheres;

[0033] Furthermore, in step C2, the usage ratio of methyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and activated glass microspheres is 4-8 g:20-30 mL:10-12 mL:1-2 g, and the post-treatment includes: after the reaction is completed, transferring the material to a drying oven at a temperature of 60° C., and drying at room temperature and pressure to constant weight to obtain a modified aerogel.

[0034] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Pulling a plurality of wires with a pulling device to obtain a wire layer, and wrapping the wire layer with a copper tape to obtain a shielding layer;

[0036] S2. Add the composite polyurethane material into a twin-screw extruder, melt-extrude it, and coat it on the surface of the shielding layer to obtain a sheath layer.

[0037] In step S1, the diameter of the copper wire in the wire is 0.4-0.5 mm, the thickness of the polyvinyl fluoride coating is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the copper tape is 0.6-0.8 mm, and two layers are wrapped; in step S2, the thickness of the sheath layer is 2-3 mm.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S2, the temperatures of the eight temperature zones of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port toward the discharge port are 180°C, 185°C, 185°C, 190°C, 195°C, 200°C, 205°C, and 210°C, respectively, and the main engine speed of the twin-screw extruder is 80-120rpm, and the pressure is 100-150bar.

[0039] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The composite polyurethane prepared by the present invention introduces nano-titanium dioxide particles and amino-modified silicone layers through a modified chain extender, which significantly enhances the flexibility and cross-linking density of the polyurethane molecular chain, not only improving the toughness and elasticity of the material, but also effectively dispersing external force impacts, inhibiting the initiation and expansion of cracks, thereby improving impact resistance. At the same time, the uniform dispersion of nano-titanium dioxide particles further strengthens the interaction between molecular chains and enhances the overall mechanical properties of the material; the composite aerogel is based on activated glass microspheres, combined with ferroferric oxide particles and perfluoro group modification to form a high-strength, low-density porous structure, thereby efficiently absorbing impact energy, reducing external force damage to the material surface, and significantly improving wear resistance. The low surface energy characteristics of the perfluoro group reduce the friction coefficient, making the sheath layer surface smoother and reducing wear. Ultimately, the flexibility and high-toughness network of the composite polyurethane provide excellent impact resistance, while the rigidity and energy absorption characteristics of the composite aerogel further enhance the wear resistance. The two form a complementary balance between flexibility and rigidity, significantly improving the wear and impact resistance of the material.

[0041] 2. The composite polyurethane prepared by the present invention introduces nano-titanium dioxide particles and an amino-modified silicone layer through a modified chain extender. Nano-titanium dioxide has excellent ultraviolet absorption ability, can effectively shield ultraviolet rays, and reduce the photooxidative degradation of polyurethane molecular chains. Its high chemical stability further enhances the material's anti-aging ability. The introduction of the silicone layer improves the hydrophobicity and chemical inertness of the molecular chain, reducing the ultraviolet-induced aging rate. At the same time, the composite aerogel is based on activated glass microspheres, combined with ferroferric oxide particles and perfluoro group modification to form a composite system with a porous structure and high chemical stability. The ferroferric oxide particles further weaken the damage of ultraviolet rays to the material by scattering and absorbing ultraviolet rays, while the low surface energy and antioxidant properties of the perfluoro group effectively prevent the penetration of oxygen and moisture, slowing down the aging process. Finally, by utilizing the ultraviolet shielding and chemical stability of the composite polyurethane with the porous scattering and antioxidant properties of the composite aerogel, a multi-level ultraviolet protection mechanism is formed, which significantly improves the ultraviolet aging resistance of the sheath layer.

[0042] 3. The composite polyurethane prepared by the present invention introduces nano-titanium dioxide particles and an amino-modified silicone layer through a modified chain extender. The semiconductor properties of titanium dioxide give the material a certain conductivity, which helps to form a conductive network, absorb and dissipate electromagnetic wave energy, and reduce electromagnetic interference. The silicone layer enhances the chemical stability and interfacial compatibility of the material and optimizes the uniformity of the conductive network. At the same time, the composite aerogel is based on activated glass microspheres, combined with ferroferric oxide particles and perfluoro groups for modification. The ferroferric oxide particles are magnetic and can effectively absorb electromagnetic waves through hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Its high specific surface area further enhances the scattering and dissipation of electromagnetic waves. The low dielectric constant of the perfluoro group reduces the reflection of electromagnetic waves on the surface of the material and enhances the shielding effect. The conductive network of the composite polyurethane is coordinated with the magnetic absorption and low dielectric properties of the composite aerogel to form a multiple dissipation mechanism of electromagnetic waves, which significantly improves the electromagnetic shielding performance of the sheath layer by absorbing, scattering and blocking electromagnetic waves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the conductor layer.

[0046] In the figure: 1, conductor layer; 11, copper conductor; 12, insulation layer; 2, shielding layer; 3, sheath layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] The zinc stearate used in the present invention was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. with the product number 768485.

[0049] The nano-titanium dioxide used in the present invention was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. with the product number T104936;

[0050] The hollow glass microspheres used in the present invention were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. with the product number G490114.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite polyurethane for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step ①, preparation of modified chain extender

[0054] Weigh: 40.0 mL of deionized water and 120.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol to make a mixed solvent;

[0055] Weigh 10.0 g of nano-titanium dioxide and 100.0 mL of mixed solvent into a reactor, stir at room temperature for 10 min, adjust the pH of the reaction system to 5 with acetic acid, and continue stirring for 20 min to obtain a dispersion.

[0056] Weigh: 100.0mL of the dispersion was added to the reactor and stirred. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 40°C, 3.0g of methyl orthosilicate was added dropwise to the reactor while stirring. After keeping warm and stirring for 40 minutes, 1.0g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the reactor, and the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 10 minutes. After the reaction was completed, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid was filtered, and the filter cake was collected. The filter cake was washed 3 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and the filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0057] Step ②, preparation of composite polyurethane

[0058] Weigh: 40.0 g of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate and 150.0 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and mix to obtain a dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution;

[0059] Weigh: 2.0g of ethylene glycol, 6.0g of (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, 50.0mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1.0g of dibutyltin dilaurate are added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 50°C. 150.0mL of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution is added dropwise to the reactor and kept warm for 40min. 10.0g of modified chain extender is added to the reactor and kept warm for 20min. After the reactor is cooled to room temperature, the reaction liquid is added to a rotary evaporator with a salt bath temperature of 80°C and distilled under reduced pressure until no liquid is extracted to obtain a composite polyurethane.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite polyurethane for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step ①, preparation of modified chain extender

[0063] Weigh: 40.0 mL of deionized water and 160.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol to make a mixed solvent;

[0064] Weigh 20.0 g of nano-titanium dioxide and 120.0 mL of mixed solvent into a reactor, stir at room temperature for 15 min, adjust the pH of the reaction system to 4 with acetic acid, and continue stirring for 25 min to obtain a dispersion.

[0065] Weigh: 100.0mL of the dispersion was added to the reactor and stirred. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 60°C, 6.0g of methyl orthosilicate was added dropwise to the reactor while stirring. After keeping warm and stirring for 60 minutes, 2.0g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the reactor, and the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 15 minutes. After the reaction was completed, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid was filtered, and the filter cake was collected. The filter cake was washed 5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and the filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 80°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0066] Step ②, preparation of composite polyurethane

[0067] Weigh: 40.0 g of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate and 180.0 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and mix to obtain a dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution;

[0068] Weigh: 3.0g of ethylene glycol, 7.0g of (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, 60.0mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1.0g of dibutyltin dilaurate are added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 60°C. 180.0mL of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution is added dropwise to the reactor and kept warm for 60min. 20.0g of modified chain extender is added to the reactor and kept warm for 30min. After the reactor is cooled to room temperature, the reaction liquid is added to a rotary evaporator with a salt bath temperature of 100°C and distilled under reduced pressure until no liquid is extracted to obtain a composite polyurethane.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite polyurethane for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step ①, preparation of modified chain extender

[0072] Weigh: 40.0 mL of deionized water and 150.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol to make a mixed solvent;

[0073] Weigh 16.0 g of nano-titanium dioxide and 100.0 mL of mixed solvent into a reactor, stir at room temperature for 12 min, adjust the pH of the reaction system to 5 with acetic acid, and continue stirring for 24 min to obtain a dispersion.

[0074] Weigh: 100.0mL of the dispersion was added to the reactor and stirred. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 50°C, 5.0g of methyl orthosilicate was added dropwise to the reactor while stirring. After keeping warm and stirring for 50 minutes, 1.6g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to the reactor, and the mixture was kept warm and stirred for 12 minutes. After the reaction was completed, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid was filtered, and the filter cake was collected. The filter cake was washed 4 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and the filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 70°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a modified chain extender.

[0075] Step ②, preparation of composite polyurethane

[0076] Weigh: 40.0 g of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate and 160.0 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and mix to obtain a dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution;

[0077] Weigh: 2.4g of ethylene glycol, 6.4g of (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, 54.0mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1.0g of dibutyltin dilaurate are added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 55°C. 160.0mL of dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution is added dropwise to the reactor and kept warm for 50min. 15.0g of modified chain extender is added to the reactor and kept warm for 24min. After the reactor is cooled to room temperature, the reaction liquid is added to a rotary evaporator with a salt bath temperature of 90°C and distilled under reduced pressure until no liquid is extracted to obtain a composite polyurethane.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite aerogel for preparing a wind power cable with high toughness and UV aging resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0080] Step I: Preparation of activated glass microspheres

[0081] Weigh: 10.0 g of hollow glass microspheres and 100.0 mL of 3 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 60°C and kept warm for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid was filtered to collect the filter cake, and the filter cake was washed 4 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain activated glass microspheres.

[0082] Step II: Preparation of modified aerogel

[0083] Weigh: 40.0g of methyl orthosilicate, 200.0mL of anhydrous ethanol and 100.0mL of deionized water were added to a magnetic stirring kettle, stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 8 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 40°C, and after stirring for 40 minutes, 10.0g of activated glass microspheres were added to the high-pressure reactor. The high-pressure reactor was sealed and the temperature was raised to 120°C. The reaction was kept warm for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, the material was transferred to a drying oven at 60°C and dried at room temperature and pressure to constant weight to obtain a modified aerogel.

[0084] Step III: Preparation of composite aerogel precursor

[0085] Under the protection of nitrogen, 20.0 g of modified aerogel, 0.8 g of ferric chloride, 0.3 g of ferrous chloride and 100.0 mL of deionized water were weighed and added to an ultrasonic instrument. After ultrasonication at room temperature for 10 min, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 12 with saturated ammonia water. The temperature of the ultrasonic instrument was raised to 40 ° C and ultrasonication was maintained for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed 3 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60 ° C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel precursor.

[0086] Step IV: Preparation of composite aerogel

[0087] Weigh: 8.0 g of composite aerogel precursor, 2.0 g of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, 40.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol and 20.0 mL of deionized water were added to the reactor. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 40°C, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 8 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed 3 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 60°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel.

[0088] Example 5

[0089] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite aerogel for preparing a wind power cable with high toughness and UV aging resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0090] Step I: Preparation of activated glass microspheres

[0091] Weigh: 20.0g hollow glass microspheres and 150.0mL 5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 80°C and kept warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, the temperature of the reactor is lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid is filtered to collect the filter cake, and the filter cake is washed 5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake is transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 80°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake has a constant weight to obtain activated glass microspheres.

[0092] Step II: Preparation of modified aerogel

[0093] Weigh: 8.0g of methyl orthosilicate, 300.0mL of anhydrous ethanol and 120.0mL of deionized water were added to a magnetic stirring kettle, stirred at room temperature for 15min, and then the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 10 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 60°C, and after stirring for 60min, 20.0g of activated glass microspheres were added to the high-pressure reactor. The high-pressure reactor was sealed and the temperature was raised to 160°C. The reaction was kept warm for 8h. After the reaction was completed, the material was transferred to a drying oven at 60°C and dried to constant weight at room temperature and pressure to obtain a modified aerogel.

[0094] Step III: Preparation of composite aerogel precursor

[0095] Under the protection of nitrogen, 24.0 g of modified aerogel, 0.8 g of ferric chloride, 0.3 g of ferrous chloride and 100.0 mL of deionized water were weighed and added to an ultrasonic instrument. After ultrasonication at room temperature for 12 min, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 13 with saturated ammonia water. The temperature of the ultrasonic instrument was raised to 50 ° C and ultrasonication was maintained for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 5 times. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 80 ° C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel precursor.

[0096] Step IV: Preparation of composite aerogel

[0097] Weigh: 10.0 g of composite aerogel precursor, 3.0 g of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, 60.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol and 30.0 mL of deionized water were added to the reactor. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 60°C, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 10 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed 5 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 80°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel.

[0098] Example 6

[0099] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a composite aerogel for preparing a wind power cable with high toughness and UV aging resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0100] Step I: Preparation of activated glass microspheres

[0101] Weigh: 16.0g hollow glass microspheres and 120.0mL 4wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are added to the reactor and stirred. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 70°C and kept warm for 2h. After the reaction is completed, the temperature of the reactor is lowered to room temperature, the reaction liquid is filtered to collect the filter cake, and the filter cake is washed 4 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake is transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 70°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake has a constant weight to obtain activated glass microspheres.

[0102] Step II: Preparation of modified aerogel

[0103] Weigh: 60.0g of methyl orthosilicate, 250.0mL of anhydrous ethanol and 120.0mL of deionized water were added to a magnetic stirring kettle, stirred at room temperature for 12 minutes, and then the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 9 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 50°C, and after stirring for 50 minutes, 15.0g of activated glass microspheres were added to the high-pressure reactor. The high-pressure reactor was sealed and the temperature was raised to 150°C. The reaction was kept warm for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, the material was transferred to a drying oven at 60°C and dried to constant weight at room temperature and pressure to obtain a modified aerogel.

[0104] Step III: Preparation of composite aerogel precursor

[0105] Under the protection of nitrogen, 21.0 g of modified aerogel, 0.8 g of ferric chloride, 0.3 g of ferrous chloride and 100.0 mL of deionized water were weighed and added to an ultrasonic instrument. After ultrasonication at room temperature for 12 min, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 13 with saturated ammonia water. The temperature of the ultrasonic instrument was raised to 45 ° C and ultrasonication was maintained for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 4 times. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 70 ° C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel precursor.

[0106] Step IV: Preparation of composite aerogel

[0107] Weigh: 9.0 g of composite aerogel precursor, 2.4 g of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, 50.0 mL of anhydrous ethanol and 25.0 mL of deionized water were added to the reactor. After the temperature of the reactor was raised to 50°C, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 9 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed, the aerogel material was taken out and washed 4 times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. The filter cake was transferred to a drying oven at a temperature of 70°C and vacuum dried until the filter cake had a constant weight to obtain a composite aerogel.

[0108] Example 7

[0109] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0110] Step 1: Prepare the wire layer

[0111] A copper wire 11 with a diameter of 0.4 mm is coated with a polyvinyl fluoride insulation layer 12 with a thickness of 0.6 mm to obtain a wire. A plurality of wires are pulled by a pulling device to obtain a wire layer 1.

[0112] Step 2: Prepare the shielding layer

[0113] The shielding layer 2 is obtained by wrapping the conductor layer 1 with two layers of copper tape having a thickness of 0.6 mm.

[0114] Step 3: Prepare wind power cables

[0115] Weigh: 80 parts of the composite polyurethane prepared in Example 1, 10 parts of the composite aerogel prepared in Example 4, 10 parts of diisononyl phthalate, 2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.5 parts of zinc stearate and add them to a twin-screw extruder. The temperatures of the eight temperature sections of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port toward the discharge port are 180°C, 185°C, 185°C, 190°C, 195°C, 200°C, 205°C, and 210°C, respectively. The main engine speed of the twin-screw extruder is 80 rpm, the pressure is 100 bar, and the melt extrusion is coated on the surface of the shielding layer 2 to obtain the sheath layer 3.

[0116] Example 8

[0117] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0118] Step 1: Prepare the wire layer

[0119] A copper wire 11 with a diameter of 0.5 mm is coated with a polyvinyl fluoride insulation layer 12 with a thickness of 0.6 mm to obtain a wire. A plurality of wires are pulled by a pulling device to obtain a wire layer 1.

[0120] Step 2: Prepare the shielding layer

[0121] The shielding layer 2 is obtained by wrapping the conductor layer 1 with two layers of copper tape having a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0122] Step 3: Prepare wind power cables

[0123] Weigh: 100 parts of the composite polyurethane prepared in Example 2, 15 parts of the composite aerogel prepared in Example 5, 15 parts of diisononyl phthalate, 5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 2 parts of zinc stearate and add them to a twin-screw extruder. The temperatures of the eight temperature sections of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port toward the discharge port are 180°C, 185°C, 185°C, 190°C, 195°C, 200°C, 205°C and 210°C, respectively. The main engine speed of the twin-screw extruder is 100 rpm and the pressure is 150 bar. The melt extrusion is coated on the surface of the shielding layer 2 to obtain the sheath layer 3.

[0124] Example 9

[0125] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable that is resistant to ultraviolet aging, comprising the following steps:

[0126] Step 1: Prepare the wire layer

[0127] A copper wire 11 with a diameter of 0.5 mm is coated with a polyvinyl fluoride insulation layer 12 with a thickness of 0.6 mm to obtain a wire. A plurality of wires are pulled by a pulling device to obtain a wire layer 1.

[0128] Step 2: Prepare the shielding layer

[0129] The shielding layer 2 is obtained by wrapping the conductor layer 1 with two layers of copper tape having a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0130] Step 3: Prepare wind power cables

[0131] Weigh: 90 parts of the composite polyurethane prepared in Example 3, 15 parts of the composite aerogel prepared in Example 6, 12 parts of diisononyl phthalate, 3 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 1 part of zinc stearate and add them to a twin-screw extruder. The temperatures of the eight temperature sections of the twin-screw extruder from the feed port toward the discharge port are 180°C, 185°C, 185°C, 190°C, 195°C, 200°C, 205°C, and 210°C, respectively. The main engine speed of the twin-screw extruder is 100 rpm, the pressure is 120 bar, and the melt extrusion is coated on the surface of the shielding layer 2 to obtain the sheath layer 3.

[0132] Comparative Example 1

[0133] The difference between this comparative example and Example 9 is that the modified chain extender is omitted during the preparation of the composite polyurethane.

[0134] Comparative Example 2

[0135] The difference between this comparative example and Example 9 is that the activated glass microspheres are not used in the preparation process of the composite aerogel used.

[0136] Comparative Example 3

[0137] The difference between this comparative example and Example 9 is that step III is omitted during the preparation of the composite aerogel used.

[0138] Performance testing:

[0139] The volume wear of the outer sheath layer of the wind power cables prepared in Examples 7-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested with reference to the standard GB / T 9867-2008 "Determination of wear resistance of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber (rotating roller abrader method)";

[0140] The cantilever beam impact strength of the outer sheath layer of the wind power cables prepared in Examples 7-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested with reference to the standard GB / T 1843-2008 "Determination of Izod Impact Strength of Plastics";

[0141] UV aging tests were performed on the solar power cables prepared in Examples 10-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 with reference to the standard GB / T 16422.3-2022 "Plastics Laboratory Light Source Exposure Test Methods Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamp". The volume abrasion loss change rate and the cantilever beam impact strength change rate of the outer sheath layer of the wind power cable after UV aging were calculated with reference to the standards GB / T 9867-2008 and GB / T 1843-2008.

[0142] The anti-electromagnetic interference performance of the wind power cables prepared in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested with reference to the standard GB / T 32511-2016 "General Technical Requirements for Electromagnetic Shielding Plastics". The specific data are shown in Table 1. Table 1 - Performance test data of each sample

[0143]

[0144] Data Analysis:

[0145] Comparing and analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be found that the volume wear of the wind power cable prepared by the present invention is 17mm 3 , Izod impact strength is 64kJ·m -2 The volume wear change rate is 101.8%, the cantilever beam impact change rate is 99.1%, and the shielding effectiveness of 30MHz≤f<230MHz is 82dB, the shielding effectiveness of 230MHz≤f<1GHz is 73dB, and the shielding effectiveness of 1GHz≤f<18GHz is 61dB. All data are better than the comparative example;

[0146] After comparing and analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be found that the wear resistance and impact resistance of the sheath layer of the wind power cable prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 are significantly weaker than that of the sheath layer prepared in Example 9, indicating that:

[0147] In Comparative Example 1, the modified chain extender was omitted, resulting in the composite polyurethane lacking nano-titanium dioxide particles and amino-modified silicone layers. This reduced the crosslinking density of the molecular chains, damaged the flexibility and toughness of the network structure, and failed to effectively disperse external impact or inhibit crack propagation. Compared with Example 9, the material had insufficient rigidity, decreased surface wear resistance, and significantly weakened impact resistance.

[0148] In Comparative Example 2, the activated glass microspheres were removed, and the composite aerogel lost its high-strength, low-density matrix support. The energy absorption capacity of the porous structure was weakened, and it could not effectively buffer the impact force. Compared with Example 9, the material rigidity decreased, the surface wear resistance weakened, and the impact resistance was significantly reduced.

[0149] In Comparative Example 3, the ferrosoferric oxide particles were eliminated, and the composite aerogel lost its high-hardness reinforcement phase, the overall rigidity decreased, and the impact energy absorption capacity of the porous structure was weakened. Compared with Example 9, the surface hardness and wear resistance of the material were reduced, and the impact resistance was significantly weakened.

[0150] After comparing and analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be found that the anti-ultraviolet aging performance of the sheath layer of the wind power cable prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 is significantly weaker than that of the sheath layer prepared in Example 9, indicating that:

[0151] In Comparative Example 1, the modified chain extender is missing, and the polyurethane loses the UV absorption capacity of the nano-titanium dioxide, accelerating photooxidative degradation. The silicone layer loses its hydrophobicity and chemical inertness, accelerating UV-induced aging reactions. Compared to Example 9, the material is more susceptible to UV damage and aging, and its UV resistance is significantly reduced.

[0152] Comparative Example 2 does not contain activated glass microspheres. The porous structure stability of the composite aerogel decreases, the ultraviolet scattering and absorption capabilities weaken, the dispersibility of the ferrosoferric oxide particles deteriorates, and the ultraviolet protection effect decreases. Compared with Example 9, the material is more susceptible to ultraviolet damage and the anti-aging performance is significantly reduced.

[0153] In Comparative Example 3, there is no ferroferric oxide particles, and the composite aerogel loses its ultraviolet scattering and absorption capabilities. Ultraviolet rays can more easily penetrate the material, resulting in increased photooxidation of the polyurethane molecular chain. Compared with Example 9, the material's anti-ultraviolet performance is significantly reduced, and the aging rate is accelerated.

[0154] After comparing and analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be found that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the sheath layer of the wind power cable prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 is significantly weaker than that of the sheath layer prepared in Example 9, indicating that:

[0155] In Comparative Example 1, there is no modified chain extender. The polyurethane lacks the semiconductor properties of nano-titanium dioxide and cannot form a conductive network. The electromagnetic wave absorption capacity is greatly reduced, the interface optimization effect of the silicone layer disappears, and the conductive path is uneven. Compared with Example 9, the electromagnetic shielding performance is significantly weakened, and it is difficult to effectively dissipate electromagnetic waves.

[0156] Comparative Example 2 lacks activated glass microspheres, resulting in a composite aerogel with no stable porous matrix. The magnetic absorption capacity of the ferroferric oxide particles is weakened due to uneven dispersion, and the electromagnetic wave scattering effect is reduced. Compared with the examples, the electromagnetic shielding performance is significantly reduced, making it difficult to effectively block electromagnetic waves.

[0157] In Comparative Example 3, the ferroferric oxide particles are removed, the composite aerogel loses its magnetic absorption capacity, the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss effects disappear, and the electromagnetic wave shielding performance is greatly reduced. Compared with Example 9, the material cannot effectively dissipate electromagnetic waves, and the shielding performance is significantly weakened.

[0158] Finally, it is explained that the product of the present invention originates from the synergistic effect of composite polyurethane and composite aerogel. The nano-titanium dioxide and silicone layer in the modified chain extender give the polyurethane a tough network, UV resistance and conductive properties; the activated glass microspheres provide the aerogel structural stability and energy absorption capacity; the ferrosoferric oxide particles enhance rigidity, UV scattering and electromagnetic absorption; the perfluoro group reduces friction and dielectric constant; each component cooperates with the modification process. The lack of any one of them will lead to a significant decrease in wear resistance, impact resistance, UV aging resistance or electromagnetic shielding performance, and the comprehensive excellent performance of the sheath layer cannot be achieved.

[0159] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging, characterized in that: It comprises a conductor layer (1), a shielding layer (2) and a sheath layer (3); The conductor layer (1) is composed of a plurality of copper conductors (11) and an outer insulating layer (12), the insulating layer (12) is composed of polyvinyl fluoride, the shielding layer (2) is formed by wrapping a copper tape around the surface of the conductor layer (1), and the outer sheath layer (3) is formed by melt-extruding a composite polyurethane material, coating the shielding layer (2) and solidifying the material. The composite polyurethane material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of composite polyurethane, 10-15 parts of composite aerogel, 10-15 parts of plasticizer, 2-5 parts of stabilizer and 0.5-2 parts of lubricant; The preparation method of the composite polyurethane comprises the following steps: adding ethylene glycol, (ethylmethylsilyl)bis-methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and dibutyltin dilaurate into a reaction kettle and stirring, raising the temperature of the reaction kettle to 50-60° C., adding dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate solution dropwise into the reaction kettle, keeping the temperature for reaction for 40-60 minutes, adding a modified chain extender into the reaction kettle, keeping the temperature for reaction for 20-30 minutes, and post-processing to obtain the composite polyurethane; The modified chain extender is obtained by hydrolyzing methyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to construct a siloxane network on the surface of nano-titanium dioxide activated by acetic acid; The composite aerogel is obtained by using the porous structure and silanol groups of the modified aerogel as the deposition sites of ferroferric oxide, promoting the in-situ generation of ferroferric oxide under ultrasonic and alkaline conditions to form a composite aerogel precursor, and then modifying the surface of the composite aerogel precursor with perfluoro groups by hydrolyzing the silicon-oxygen bonds on perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. The modified aerogel is a gel formed by hydrolysis and condensation of methyl orthosilicate and hollow glass microspheres activated by sodium hydroxide under alkaline conditions.

2. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified chain extender comprises the following steps: A1. Add nano-titanium dioxide and a mixed solvent into a reactor, stir at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, adjust the pH of the reaction system to 4-5 with acetic acid, and continue stirring for 20-25 minutes to obtain a dispersion; A2. Add the dispersion to a reactor and stir. After the temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, add methyl orthosilicate dropwise to the reactor while stirring. After keeping warm and stirring for 40-60 minutes, add 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the reactor and continue keeping warm and stirring for 10-15 minutes. Post-process to obtain a modified chain extender.

3. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A1, the amount ratio of the nano-titanium dioxide and the mixed solvent is 1-2g:10-12mL, wherein the mixed solvent is a mixture of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:3-4; in step A2, the amount ratio of the dispersion, methyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 8-10mL:0.3-0.6g:0.1-0.2g.

4. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite aerogel comprises the following steps: B1. Under nitrogen protection, the modified aerogel, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride and deionized water were added to an ultrasonic instrument. After ultrasonication at room temperature for 10-12 minutes, the pH of the reaction system was adjusted to 12-13 with saturated ammonia water. The temperature of the ultrasonic instrument was increased to 40-50°C, and ultrasonication was continued for 12-16 hours. After post-treatment, a composite aerogel precursor was obtained. B2. Add the composite aerogel precursor, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water into the reactor. After the temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, use a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to adjust the pH of the reaction system to 8-10. Continue to keep the temperature for 1-2 hours, and then post-treat to obtain the composite aerogel.

5. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step B1, the modified aerogel, ferric chloride and ferrous chloride and deionized water are used in a ratio of 20-24 g: 0.8 g: 0.3 g: 100 mL; in step B2, the composite aerogel precursor, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water are used in a ratio of 8-10 g: 2-3 g: 40-60 mL: 20-30 mL.

6. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified aerogel comprises the following steps: C1. Add hollow glass microspheres and 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into a reactor and stir. Raise the temperature of the reactor to 60-80° C., keep the temperature for 1-2 hours, and perform post-processing to obtain activated glass microspheres. C2. Methyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water are added to a magnetic stirring kettle, stirred at room temperature for 10-15 minutes, and then the pH of the reaction system is adjusted to 8-10 using a protective sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The temperature of the reactor is raised to 40-60°C, and after stirring for 40-60 minutes, activated glass microspheres are added to the autoclave. The autoclave is sealed, and the temperature is raised to 120-160°C. The reaction is kept warm for 6-8 hours, and the modified aerogel is obtained by post-processing.

7. The high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step C1, the ratio of the hollow glass microspheres to the 3-5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1-2g:10-15mL; in step C2, the ratio of the methyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and activated glass microspheres is 4-8g:20-30mL:10-12mL:1-2g.

8. A method for preparing a high-toughness wind power cable resistant to ultraviolet aging according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After pulling a plurality of wires using a pulling device, a wire layer (1) is obtained, and the wire layer (1) is wrapped with a copper tape to obtain a shielding layer (2); S2. Add the composite polyurethane material into a twin-screw extruder, melt-extrude it, and coat it on the surface of the shielding layer (2) to obtain a sheath layer (3).

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