Tunnel construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel construction method. The tunnel construction method comprises the steps that firstly, a tunnel is excavated, wherein earthwork in a tunnel building area is excavated to form a tunnel hole; secondly, stone falling prevention treatment is conducted on the top wall of the tunnel; thirdly, a tunnel top wall concrete layer is poured, specifically, a top wall mold is built in the tunnel, a top wall cavity is formed between the top wall mold and the tunnel top wall, and concrete is poured into the top wall cavity and solidified to form the tunnel top wall concrete layer; the second step is completed through tunnel construction equipment. The device has the advantage of being capable of being used for preventing the tunnel turquoise from falling off, and the problem that in the tunnel construction process, the turquoise is prone to falling off, and consequently safety accidents are caused is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel construction method. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of mountain roads, tunnels need to be built. During the tunnel construction process, the earthwork in the tunnel construction area is first excavated to form a tunnel hole; then a top wall mold is built in the tunnel, a top wall cavity is formed between the top wall mold and the tunnel top wall, and concrete is poured into the top wall cavity and solidified to form a tunnel top wall concrete layer. The existing tunnel construction methods have the following deficiencies: During the process of forming the tunnel hole, due to the influence of the tunnel explosion, there will be loose stones on the tunnel wall that are about to fall but have not fallen. During the process of building the concrete layer, the loose stones are likely to fall, resulting in safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a tunnel wall grouting structure for preventing loose stones from falling in a tunnel, and solves the problem that loose stones are likely to fall during tunnel construction, resulting in safety accidents.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technology: A tunnel construction method, characterized in that: The first step, excavating the tunnel: The earthwork in the tunnel construction area is excavated to form a tunnel hole; The second step, anti-falling stone treatment for the tunnel top wall; The third step, pouring the tunnel top wall concrete layer: A top wall mold is built in the tunnel, a top wall cavity is formed between the top wall mold and the tunnel top wall, and concrete is poured into the top wall cavity and solidified to form a tunnel top wall concrete layer; The second step is completed by tunnel construction equipment; The tunnel construction equipment includes a walking trolley, and a loose stone knocking-down structure and a tunnel wall grouting structure are provided on the walking trolley. The loose stone knocking-down structure is used to knock the excavated tunnel top wall so that the loose stones on the tunnel top wall fall off. The tunnel wall grouting structure is used to apply cement slurry to the tunnel top wall knocked by the loose stone knocking-down structure. The loose stone knocking-down structure includes a plurality of impact hammers distributed circumferentially along the tunnel top wall. The impact hammer includes a hammer head and a hammer head driving oil cylinder that drives the hammer head to stretch towards the tunnel top wall to knock the tunnel top wall. The hammer head driving oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic station arranged on the walking trolley. The driving oil cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston slidably connected in the cylinder body, and a piston rod connected to one end of the piston. The hammer head is connected to the other end of the piston rod. The piston isolates a rod chamber and a rodless chamber in the cylinder body; The specific process of the second step is: Make the walking trolley travel in the tunnel. During the traveling process, first knock the tunnel top wall through the loose stone knocking-down structure so that the loose stones on the tunnel top wall fall off, and then apply a layer of cement slurry on the accompanying top wall through the tunnel wall grouting structure to bond the earthwork on the tunnel top wall together as a whole. The process of the loose stone knocking-down structure knocking down the crushed stones is to drive the hammer head to stretch through the hammer head driving oil cylinder to knock the tunnel top wall.

[0005] Preferably, the loose stone knocking-down structure also includes a first main oil pipe connected to the walking trolley through an oil pipe connecting frame and a second main oil pipe connected to the first main oil pipe through the cylinder body, the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe are both rigid structures, the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe are both arc-shaped pipes extending along the circumference of the tunnel top wall, the first main oil pipe is connected to the rodless cavity, the first main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through the first inlet and outlet pipes, the second main oil pipe is connected to the rod cavity, and the second main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through the second inlet and outlet pipes. All cylinder bodies are driven by the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe, which can make the layout more concise, and the oil cylinder can also serve as a connector connecting the first main oil pipe and the second main oil.

[0006] Preferably, the impact hammer is further provided with a vibration enhancing structure, which comprises a vibrating hammer connected to the hammer head via a spring sheet, so as to increase the reliability of knocking down loose stones.

[0007] Preferably, the vibration-enhancing structure also includes a blocking box hinged with the cylinder body, a swinging cylinder for driving the blocking box to swing towards and away from the piston rod, and a swinging cylinder controller; the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box when the hammer head is retracted to the end point and the blocking box is in a position close to the piston rod; the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box when the hammer head is extended to the position where the vibration-enhancing hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall and the blocking box is in a position close to the piston rod; the blocking box swinging cylinder controller is used for driving the blocking box to swing toward the piston rod when the hammer head is retracted to the end position so that the blocking box is mounted on the vibration-enhancing hammer and for driving the blocking box to swing in a direction away from the piston rod when the hammer head is extended to the position where the vibration-enhancing hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall so that the blocking box loses its blocking effect on the vibration-enhancing hammer. When in use, when the hammer head is extended to the position where the vibration-enhancing hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel, the shrapnel deforms and stores energy to vibrate. At this time, the barrier box loses its restrictive effect on the vibration hammer. Under the action of the shrapnel, the vibration hammer swings and hits the top wall of the tunnel, thereby increasing the effect of knocking off loose rocks.

[0008] Preferably, the blocking box swing cylinder controller includes a blocking box closing induction switch, a blocking box separation induction switch and a sensing rod connected to the piston rod; when the hammer head is retracted to the end position, the sensing rod is aligned with the blocking box closing induction switch, and the blocking box closing induction switch controls the swing cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing toward the piston rod; when the hammer head is extended to a position where the vibration-enhancing hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall, the sensing rod is aligned with the blocking box separation induction switch, and the blocking box separation induction switch controls the swing cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing away from the piston rod. Automatic synchronous control of the opening and closing of the blocking box is realized.

[0009] Preferably, the top wall of the tunnel is arc-shaped. The slurry coating structure of the tunnel wall includes a first grouting main pipe, a second grouting main pipe, a grouting pipe swing structure, a plurality of left scraping plates evenly distributed circumferentially along the top wall of the tunnel, and a plurality of right scraping plates evenly distributed circumferentially along the top wall of the tunnel. The first grouting main pipe, the second grouting main pipe and the top wall of the tunnel are coaxial. The grouting pipe swing structure is used to drive the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe to swing in opposite directions. A left coating gap is formed between the left scraping plate and the left side wall surface of the top wall of the tunnel. The left scraping plate is connected to the first grouting main pipe through a left swing arm. A left grouting channel communicating the first grouting main pipe and the left coating gap is provided in the left swing arm. A right coating gap is formed between the right scraping plate and the right side wall surface of the top wall of the tunnel. The right scraping plate is connected to the second grouting main pipe through a right swing arm. A right grouting channel communicating the second grouting main pipe and the right coating gap is provided in the right swing arm. The interval distance between the left scraping plates is equal to the interval distance between the right hanger plates. During use, when the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe rotate to the lowest position where the lowermost left scraping plate and the lowermost right scraping plate are both at the lowest position, then while the first grouting main pipe drives the left scraping plate to move upward and the second grouting main pipe drives the right scraping plate to move upward, cement slurry is injected into the left and right coating gaps, thereby realizing coating the cement slurry on the top wall of the tunnel to form an adhesive layer. A specific technical solution of the slurry coating structure of the tunnel wall is provided.

[0010] Preferably, the left swing arm is connected to the upper end of the left scraping plate. The direction line of the outlet end of the left grouting channel inclines downward. The right swing arm is connected to the upper end of the right scraping plate. The direction line of the outlet end of the right grouting channel inclines downward. This can reduce the amount of cement slurry flowing out of the coating gap and being wasted.

[0011] Preferably, the lower end of the left scraping plate is hinged with a left pressure-increasing scraping plate through a left front-back hinge shaft. The left pressure-increasing scraping plate closes the lower end of the left coating gap. A left pressure-increasing torsion spring for driving the left pressure-increasing scraping plate to rotate in the direction of closing the left coating gap is provided on the left front-back hinge shaft. The lower end of the right scraping plate is hinged with a right pressure-increasing scraping plate through a right front-back hinge shaft. The right pressure-increasing scraping plate closes the lower end of the right coating gap. A right pressure-increasing torsion spring for driving the right pressure-increasing scraping plate to rotate in the direction of closing the right coating gap is provided on the right front-back hinge shaft. When the scraping plate moves upward, the pressure-increasing scraping plate is squeezed and opens. The pressure-increasing scraping plate generates a pressing action on the cement slurry coating, making the cement slurry more reliably adhere to the top wall of the tunnel. It can prevent the cement slurry from flowing out from the lower end of the coating gap during initial startup, and can control the pressure during coating formation by controlling the elastic force of the pressure-increasing torsion spring to control the coating formation effect.

[0012] Preferably, a left vertical insertion hole is provided on the lower end surface of the left slurry scraping plate. A left blocking piece and a spring for driving the left blocking piece to extend out of the left vertical insertion hole and abut against the left pressure - increasing scraping plate are inserted into the left vertical insertion hole. A right vertical insertion hole is provided on the lower end surface of the right slurry scraping plate. A right blocking piece and a spring for driving the right blocking piece to extend out of the right vertical insertion hole and abut against the right pressure - increasing scraping plate are inserted into the right vertical insertion hole. This can prevent cement slurry from entering the gap between the pressure - increasing scraping plate and the slurry scraping plate when the pressure - increasing scraping plate opens, so as to improve the reliability when the pressure - increasing scraping plate resets.

[0013] Preferably, the grouting pipe swing structure includes a double - headed motor. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are each supported on the walking trolley through a plurality of support rings. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are distributed at both ends of the double - headed motor. One end of the first grouting main pipe is closed and is provided with a first driven gear, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first cement slurry input pipe. The first driven gear meshes with the first driving gear, and the first driving gear is connected to one end of the double - headed motor. One end of the second grouting main pipe is closed and is provided with a second driven gear, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second cement slurry input pipe. The second driven gear meshes with an intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear meshes with the second driving gear. The second driving gear is connected to the other end of the double - headed motor. The diameters of the first driven gear and the first driving gear are the same, and the diameters of the second driven gear, the intermediate gear, and the second driving gear are equal. One motor can drive the synchronous reverse rotation of the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe.

[0014] Beneficial effects: It can cause the loose rock to fall off and form a coating to adhesively fix the tunnel top wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction equipment when the hammer head contracts to the end point; Figure 2 It is for Figure 1 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at position A of Figure 3 It is for Figure 1 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at position B of Figure 4 It is for Figure 3 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at position C of Figure 5 It is a side - view schematic diagram of the grouting pipe swing structure; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction equipment when the hammer head extends to the point where the vibration - increasing hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall and the blocking box blocks the vibration hammer; Figure 7 It is for Figure 6 a partial enlarged schematic diagram at position D of Figure 8The intention of the tunnel construction equipment when the hammer head extends to a position where the vibration increasing hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel and the blocking box loses its blocking effect on the vibration hammer Figure 9 For Figure 6 Partial enlarged schematic view at position E of

[0016] In the figure: traveling trolley 1, impact hammer 2, hammer head 3, hammer head driving oil cylinder 4, hydraulic station 5, cylinder block 6, piston 7, piston rod 8, rod chamber 9, rodless chamber 10, oil pipe connecting frame 11, first main oil pipe 12, second main oil pipe 13, first inlet and outlet pipe 14, second inlet and outlet pipe 15, elastic sheet 16, vibration hammer 17, blocking box 51, connecting column 18, swing oil cylinder 19, swing oil cylinder controller 20, blocking box closing induction switch 21, blocking box separating induction switch 22, induction rod 23, first grouting main pipe 24, second grouting main pipe 25, grouting pipe swing structure 26, left slurry scraping plate 27, right slurry scraping plate 28, left coating gap 29, left swing arm 30, left grouting channel 31, left front and rear hinge shaft 32, left pressure increasing slurry scraping plate 33, left blocking piece 34, spring 35, right swing arm 36, double-headed motor 37, building tunnel area 38, tunnel hole 39, support ring 40, first driven gear 41, first cement slurry input pipe 42, first driving gear 43, second driven gear 44, second cement slurry input pipe 45, intermediate gear 46, second driving gear 47, tunnel top wall 48. Specific implementation manners

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] See Figures 1 to 9 , a tunnel construction method, the first step, excavating the tunnel: excavating the soil in the building tunnel area 38 to form a tunnel hole 39; the second step, treating the tunnel top wall to prevent falling stones; the third step, pouring the concrete layer of the tunnel top wall: building a top wall mold in the tunnel, forming a top wall cavity between the top wall mold and the tunnel top wall, and pouring the concrete into the top wall cavity to solidify to form the concrete layer of the tunnel top wall. The second step is completed by the tunnel construction equipment, and the tunnel construction equipment includes a traveling trolley 1. A loose stone knocking-down structure and a tunnel wall slurry coating structure are provided on the traveling trolley.

[0019] The loose rock knocking-down structure includes several impact hammers 2 circumferentially distributed along the top wall of the tunnel. The impact hammer includes a hammer head 3 and a hammer head driving oil cylinder 4 that drives the hammer head to telescopically move towards the top wall of the tunnel to knock on the top wall of the tunnel. The hammer head driving oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic station 5 arranged on the traveling trolley. The driving oil cylinder includes a cylinder block 6, a piston 7 slidably connected in the cylinder block, and a piston rod 8 with one end connected to the piston. The hammer head is connected to the other end of the piston rod. The piston isolates a rod chamber 9 and a rodless chamber 10 in the cylinder block.

[0020] The loose rock knocking-down structure further includes a first main oil pipe 12 connected to the traveling trolley through an oil pipe connecting frame 11 and a second main oil pipe 13 connected to the first main oil pipe through the cylinder block. Both the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe are rigid structures, and both are arc-shaped pipes extending along the top wall of the tunnel. The first main oil pipe is communicated with the rodless chamber, and the first main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through a first inlet and outlet pipe 14. The second main oil pipe is communicated with the rod chamber, and the second main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through a second inlet and outlet pipe 15. The impact hammer is also provided with a vibration enhancement structure. The vibration enhancement structure includes a vibration hammer 17 connected to the hammer head through a shrapnel 16, a blocking box 51 hinged to the cylinder block (specifically, it is connected to the cylinder block by being hinged to a connecting column 18 on the second main oil pipe), a swing oil cylinder 19 that drives the blocking box to swing closer to and away from the piston rod, and a swing oil cylinder controller 20. One end of the swing oil cylinder is hinged to the blocking box, and the other end is hinged to the connecting column. When the hammer head contracts to the end point and the blocking box is in the position close to the piston rod, the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box. When the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration enhancement hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel and the blocking box is in the position close to the piston rod, the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box. The blocking box swing oil cylinder controller is used to drive the blocking box to swing towards the piston rod when the hammer head contracts to the end point position so that the blocking box sleeves the vibration enhancement hammer, and to drive the blocking box to swing away from the piston rod when the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration enhancement hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel so that the blocking box loses the blocking effect on the vibration enhancement hammer. During use, when the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration enhancement hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel, the shrapnel deforms to store energy and vibrate. At this time, the blocking box loses the restrictive effect on the vibration hammer. Under the action of the shrapnel, the vibration hammer generates swings and continuously knocks on the top wall of the tunnel, thereby increasing the effect of knocking down the loose rock. The blocking box swing oil cylinder controller includes a blocking box closing induction switch 21, a blocking box separating induction switch 22, and an induction rod 23 connected to the piston rod. When the hammer head contracts to the end point position, the induction rod aligns with the blocking box closing induction switch, and the blocking box closing induction switch controls the swing oil cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing towards the piston rod. When the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration enhancement hammer can swing and impact the top wall of the tunnel, the induction rod aligns with the blocking box separating induction switch, and the blocking box separating induction switch controls the swing oil cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing away from the piston rod.

[0021] The slurry coating structure of the tunnel wall includes a first grouting main pipe 24, a second grouting main pipe 25, a grouting pipe swinging structure 26, a number of left slurry scraping plates 27 evenly distributed circumferentially along the top wall of the tunnel, and a number of right slurry scraping plates 28 evenly distributed circumferentially along the top wall of the tunnel. The first grouting main pipe, the second grouting main pipe and the top wall of the tunnel are coaxial. The grouting pipe swinging structure is used to drive the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe to swing in opposite directions. A left coating gap 29 is formed between the left slurry scraping plate and the left side wall surface of the top wall of the tunnel. The left slurry scraping plate is connected to the first grouting main pipe through a left swing arm 30. A left grouting channel 31 communicating the first grouting main pipe and the left coating gap is provided in the left swing arm. The left swing arm is connected to the upper end of the left slurry scraping plate. The direction line of the outlet end of the left grouting channel inclines downward. The lower end of the left slurry scraping plate is hinged with a left pressurizing scraping plate 33 through a left front-back hinge shaft 32. The left pressurizing scraping plate closes the lower end of the left coating gap. A left pressurizing torsion spring for driving the left pressurizing scraping plate to rotate in the direction of closing the left coating gap is provided on the left front-back hinge shaft. During use, when swinging upward to scrape the cement slurry in the left coating gap, the left pressurizing scraping plate is subjected to force and rotates downward to expose the gap, and the size of this gap is the thickness of the cement coating. A left vertical insertion hole is provided on the lower end surface of the left slurry scraping plate. A left blocking piece 34 and a spring 35 for driving the left blocking piece to extend out of the left vertical insertion hole and abut against the left pressurizing scraping plate are inserted in the left vertical insertion hole.

[0022] A right coating gap is formed between the right slurry scraping plate and the right side wall surface of the top wall of the tunnel. The right slurry scraping plate is connected to the second grouting main pipe through a right swing arm 36. A right grouting channel communicating the second grouting main pipe and the right coating gap is provided in the right swing arm. The interval distance between the left slurry scraping plates is equal to the interval distance between the right hanging plates. The right swing arm is connected to the upper end of the right slurry scraping plate. The direction line of the outlet end of the right grouting channel inclines downward. The lower end of the right slurry scraping plate is hinged with a right pressurizing scraping plate through a right front-back hinge shaft. The right pressurizing scraping plate closes the lower end of the right coating gap. A right pressurizing torsion spring for driving the right pressurizing scraping plate to rotate in the direction of closing the right coating gap is provided on the right front-back hinge shaft. When the scraping plate moves upward, the pressurizing scraping plate is squeezed and opens. The pressurizing scraping plate generates a pressing action on the cement slurry coating, making the cement slurry adhere more reliably to the top wall of the tunnel, which can avoid the cement slurry flowing out from the lower end of the coating gap during initial startup, and can control the pressure during coating formation by controlling the elastic force of the pressurizing torsion spring to control the coating formation effect. A right vertical insertion hole is provided on the lower end surface of the right slurry scraping plate. A right blocking piece and a spring for driving the right blocking piece to extend out of the right vertical insertion hole and abut against the right pressurizing scraping plate are inserted in the right vertical insertion hole During use, the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe rotate to the lowest position, and the lowermost left slurry scraping plate and the lowermost right slurry scraping plate are both in the lowest position. Then, while the first grouting main pipe drives the left slurry scraping plate to move upward and the second grouting main pipe drives the right slurry scraping plate to move upward, cement slurry is injected into the left and right coating gaps, thereby realizing coating the cement slurry on the top wall of the tunnel to form a bonding layer.

[0023] The swing structure of the grouting pipe includes a double-headed motor 37. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are each supported on the traveling trolley through a number of support rings 40. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are distributed at both ends of the double-headed motor. One end of the first grouting main pipe is closed and provided with a first driven gear 41, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first cement slurry input pipe 42. The first driven gear meshes with the first driving gear 43, and the first driving gear is connected to one end of the double-headed motor. One end of the second grouting main pipe is closed and provided with a second driven gear 44, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second cement slurry input pipe 45. The second driven gear meshes with the intermediate gear 46, and the intermediate gear meshes with the second driving gear 47. The second driving gear is connected to the other end of the double-headed motor. The diameters of the first driven gear and the first driving gear are the same, and the diameters of the second driven gear, the intermediate gear, and the second driving gear are equal. One motor can drive the synchronous reverse rotation of the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe.

[0024] The specific process of the second step is as follows: during the progress, first use the loose rock knocking-down structure to knock on the top wall of the tunnel to make the loose stones on the top wall 48 fall off, and then use the tunnel wall grouting structure to apply a layer of cement slurry on the accompanying top wall to bond the soil on the top wall of the tunnel together into a whole. The process of the loose rock knocking-down structure knocking down the crushed stones is to drive the hammer to expand and contract through the hammer driving oil cylinder to knock on the top wall of the tunnel.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction method, characterized in that, First step, tunnel excavation: Excavate the soil in the area where the tunnel is to be built to form a tunnel cavity; Second step, treatment for preventing falling stones on the tunnel top wall; Third step, pouring the concrete layer on the tunnel top wall: Build a top wall mold inside the tunnel. A top wall cavity is formed between the top wall mold and the tunnel top wall. Pour the concrete into the top wall cavity and cure it to form the concrete layer on the tunnel top wall; The second step is completed by tunnel construction equipment; the tunnel construction equipment includes a walking trolley. A loose stone knocking-down structure and a tunnel wall slurry coating structure are provided on the walking trolley. The loose stone knocking-down structure is used to knock the excavated tunnel top wall so that the loose stones on the tunnel top wall fall off. The tunnel wall slurry coating structure is used to coat the cement slurry on the tunnel top wall knocked by the loose stone knocking-down structure. The loose stone knocking-down structure includes a number of impact hammers distributed circumferentially along the tunnel top wall. The impact hammer includes a hammer head and a hammer head driving oil cylinder that drives the hammer head to stretch towards the tunnel top wall to knock the tunnel top wall. The hammer head driving oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic station arranged on the walking trolley. The driving oil cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston slidably connected in the cylinder body, and a piston rod with one end connected to the piston. The hammer head is connected to the other end of the piston rod. The piston isolates a rod chamber and a rodless chamber in the cylinder body; The specific process of the second step is: Make the walking trolley travel in the tunnel. During the travel, first knock the tunnel top wall through the loose stone knocking-down structure so that the loose stones on the tunnel top wall fall off, and then coat a layer of cement slurry on the accompanying top wall through the tunnel wall slurry coating structure to make the soil on the tunnel top wall bond together and become an integral whole. The process of the loose stone knocking-down structure knocking down the crushed stones is to drive the hammer head to stretch through the hammer head driving oil cylinder to knock the tunnel top wall.

2. The tunneling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loose stone knocking-down structure further includes a first main oil pipe connected to the walking trolley through an oil pipe connecting frame and a second main oil pipe connected to the first main oil pipe through the cylinder body. Both the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe are rigid structures. Both the first main oil pipe and the second main oil pipe are arc-shaped pipes extending along the circumference of the tunnel top wall. The first main oil pipe is communicated with the rodless chamber. The first main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through a first inlet and outlet pipe. The second main oil pipe is communicated with the rod chamber. The second main oil pipe is connected to the hydraulic station through a second inlet and outlet pipe.

3. A tunnel construction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The impact hammer is further provided with a vibration enhancing structure. The vibration enhancing structure includes a vibration hammer connected to the hammer head through a shrapnel.

4. A tunnel construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration enhancing structure further includes a blocking box hinged to the cylinder body, a swinging oil cylinder that drives the blocking box to swing closer to and away from the piston rod, and a swinging oil cylinder controller. When the hammer head retracts to the end point and the blocking box is in a position close to the piston rod, the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box. When the hammer head extends to the vibration enhancing hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall and the blocking box is in a position close to the piston rod, the hammer head can be accommodated in the blocking box; The blocking box swing oil cylinder controller is used to drive the blocking box to swing towards the piston rod when the hammer head contracts to the end position, so that the blocking box is sleeved on the vibration intensifying hammer, and to drive the blocking box to swing away from the piston rod when the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration intensifying hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall, so that the blocking box loses the blocking effect on the vibration intensifying hammer; during use, when the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration intensifying hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall, the elastic sheet deforms to store energy and vibrates. At this time, the blocking box loses the restrictive effect on the vibration hammer, and under the action of the elastic sheet, the vibration hammer generates a swing and continuously knocks on the tunnel top wall, thereby increasing the effect of knocking down loose stones.

5. A tunnel construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The blocking box swing oil cylinder controller includes a blocking box closing induction switch, a blocking box separating induction switch, and an induction rod connected to the piston rod; when the hammer head contracts to the end position, the induction rod aligns with the blocking box closing induction switch, and the blocking box closing induction switch controls the swing oil cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing towards the piston rod; when the hammer head extends to the position where the vibration intensifying hammer can swing and impact the tunnel top wall, the induction rod aligns with the blocking box separating induction switch, and the blocking box separating induction switch controls the swing oil cylinder to drive the blocking box to swing away from the piston rod.

6. A tunneling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel top wall is arc-shaped. The tunnel wall grouting structure includes a first grouting main pipe, a second grouting main pipe, a grouting pipe swing structure, a plurality of left slurry scraping plates evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tunnel top wall, and a plurality of right slurry scraping plates evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tunnel top wall. The first grouting main pipe, the second grouting main pipe, and the tunnel top wall are coaxial. The grouting pipe swing structure is used to drive the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe to swing in opposite directions. A left coating gap is formed between the left slurry scraping plate and the left side wall surface of the tunnel top wall. The left slurry scraping plate is connected to the first grouting main pipe through a left swing arm. A left grouting channel communicating the first grouting main pipe and the left coating gap is provided in the left swing arm. A right coating gap is formed between the right slurry scraping plate and the right side wall surface of the tunnel top wall. The right slurry scraping plate is connected to the second grouting main pipe through a right swing arm. A right grouting channel communicating the second grouting main pipe and the right coating gap is provided in the right swing arm. The interval distance between the left slurry scraping plates is equal to the interval distance between the right hanging plates; during use, the first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe rotate to the lowest position, and the lowest left slurry scraping plate and the lowest right slurry scraping plate are both at the lowest position. Then, while driving the left slurry scraping plate to move upward by the first grouting main pipe and driving the right slurry scraping plate to move upward by the second grouting main pipe, cement slurry is injected into the left and right coating gaps, so as to realize coating the cement slurry on the tunnel top wall to form a bonding layer.

7. The tunneling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The left swing arm is connected to the upper end of the left slurry scraping plate, the outlet end direction line of the left grouting channel inclines downward, the right swing arm is connected to the upper end of the right slurry scraping plate, and the outlet end direction line of the right grouting channel inclines downward.

8. A tunnel construction method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The lower end of the left slurry scraping plate is hinged with a left pressure - increasing scraping plate through a left front - to - rear hinge shaft. The left pressure - increasing scraping plate is enclosed at the lower end of the left coating gap. A left pressure - increasing torsion spring for driving the left pressure - increasing scraping plate to rotate towards the direction of closing the left coating gap is arranged on the left front - to - rear hinge shaft; the lower end of the right slurry scraping plate is hinged with a right pressure - increasing scraping plate through a right front - to - rear hinge shaft. The right pressure - increasing scraping plate is enclosed at the lower end of the right coating gap. A right pressure - increasing torsion spring for driving the right pressure - increasing scraping plate to rotate towards the direction of closing the right coating gap is arranged on the right front - to - rear hinge shaft. When the slurry scraping plate moves upwards, the pressure - increasing scraping plate is squeezed and opened, and the pressure - increasing scraping plate generates a pressing action on the cement slurry coating, making the cement slurry adhere to the tunnel top wall more reliably, being able to avoid the cement slurry flowing out from the lower end of the coating gap during initial startup, and being able to control the pressure during coating formation by controlling the elastic force of the pressure - increasing torsion spring to control the coating formation effect.

9. A tunnel construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, A left vertical insertion hole is arranged on the lower end surface of the left slurry scraping plate. A left blocking piece and a spring for driving the left blocking piece to extend out of the left vertical insertion hole and abut against the left pressure - increasing scraping plate are inserted into the left vertical insertion hole; a right vertical insertion hole is arranged on the lower end surface of the right slurry scraping plate. A right blocking piece and a spring for driving the right blocking piece to extend out of the right vertical insertion hole and abut against the right pressure - increasing scraping plate are inserted into the right vertical insertion hole.

10. A tunneling method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The grouting pipe swing structure includes a double - headed motor. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are each supported on the traveling trolley through a plurality of support rings. The first grouting main pipe and the second grouting main pipe are distributed at both ends of the double - headed motor. One end of the first grouting main pipe is closed and is provided with a first driven gear, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first cement slurry input pipe. The first driven gear meshes with the first driving gear, and the first driving gear is connected to one end of the double - headed motor. One end of the second grouting main pipe is closed and is provided with a second driven gear, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second cement slurry input pipe. The second driven gear meshes with the intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear meshes with the second driving gear. The second driving gear is connected to the other end of the double - headed motor. The diameters of the first driven gear and the first driving gear are the same, and the diameters of the second driven gear, the intermediate gear, and the second driving gear are equal.

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