Temporary supporting structure and method for heading machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a temporary supporting structure and a supporting method for a tunneling machine, and solves the problems that in the prior art, a TBM is low in supporting efficiency in the coal mine tunnel tunneling process, the supporting efficiency and the tunneling efficiency are not matched, and the efficient tunneling performance of the TBM cannot be fully exerted. The temporary supporting structure of the heading machine comprises a stepping type temporary support which is arranged in a shield body and located at the tail of the shield body, the stepping type temporary support is connected with an axial driving part arranged on the shield body, the axial driving part can push the stepping type temporary support to move relative to the shield body, and the stepping type temporary support can correspondingly stretch along with the heading machine. And non-stop temporary support of the heading machine in at least two strokes is completed. According to the supporting structure and method, shutdown supporting of two tunneling strokes is carried out, rapid anchor rod construction is achieved, the arrangement and number of TBM supporting drilling machines are optimized, collaborative operation of tunneling and supporting is achieved, the overall construction efficiency is improved, the efficient tunneling performance of the TBM is brought into full play, and the construction period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway construction, and particularly to a support structure for a roadheader. Background Art

[0002] During the process of coal mine roadway tunneling, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is widely used due to its high tunneling efficiency. However, in the application of TBM in the coal mine field, there is a problem of low support efficiency, mainly manifested as the mismatch between support and tunneling efficiency, and the high tunneling performance of TBM cannot be fully exerted. Especially in the stage of poor geological surrounding rock, it is required to support immediately during tunneling and support in short sections, which makes the efficiency and coordination of the support operation the key factors restricting the performance of TBM.

[0003] At present, during the process of coal mine roadway tunneling, the bolt support operation mainly relies on manual operation, with low intelligence level, resulting in low operation efficiency. In on-site operations, in order to support immediately during tunneling and ensure the safety of construction operations, the drill rigs arranged in front of the TBM have a large workload and a long support time, while the workload of the drill rigs behind is relatively small, indicating that the arrangement and matching of the TBM drill rigs are unreasonable and the support efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above background art, the present invention proposes a temporary support structure and a support method for a roadheader, which solve the problems of low support efficiency, mismatch between support and tunneling efficiency, and inability to fully exert the high tunneling performance of TBM during the process of coal mine roadway tunneling in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A temporary support structure for a roadheader includes a step-type temporary support arranged in the shield body and located at the tail of the shield body. The step-type temporary support is connected to an axial driving member arranged in the shield body. The axial driving member can push the step-type temporary support to move relative to the shield body, and the step-type temporary support can perform corresponding stretching actions along with the roadheader to complete the temporary support without stopping within at least two strokes of the roadheader.

[0006] Further preferably, the step-type temporary support includes N support frames, N≥2, and the two corresponding support frames are detachably connected; the axial driving member is a pushing oil cylinder arranged in the shield body.

[0007] Further preferably, the support frame includes a base and a top steel beam frame. The top steel beam frame is connected to the base through a jacking oil cylinder, and the top steel beam frame matches the shield body. An image acquisition device is arranged on the top steel beam frame, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the jacking oil cylinder.

[0008] As a first preferred embodiment, the step-type temporary support includes two support frames arranged side by side, namely a first support frame and a second support frame. The first support frame is connected to a pushing oil cylinder, and the pushing oil cylinder pushes the second support frame out of the shield through the first support frame. After the tunneling machine completes one excavation stroke, the second support frame is pushed out for support. When the tunneling machine proceeds to the next tunneling stroke, the first support frame is synchronously pushed out for support.

[0009] As a second preferred embodiment, the step-type temporary support includes two support frames sleeved inside and outside each other, namely an inner support frame and an outer support frame. The outer support frame is connected to a pushing oil cylinder, and the inner support frame is connected to the shield. After the tunneling machine completes one excavation stroke, the outer support frame is pushed out for support. When the tunneling machine proceeds to the next tunneling stroke, the inner support frame is synchronously pulled out for support.

[0010] A support method for a temporary support structure of a tunneling machine, adopting the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in the first preferred embodiment. The specific steps are as follows: Adopting the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in claim 5 or 6, the specific steps are as follows: S1. The step-type temporary support remains in the retracted state, and the TBM advances forward by a preset stroke; S2. After the first preset stroke is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the second support frame, and then the second support frame is pushed out by controlling the pushing oil cylinder. The connection between the first support frame and the second support frame is disconnected, and the top steel beam frame of the second support frame is lifted by the jacking oil cylinder until the steel mesh is closely attached to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable first temporary support platform; S3. The TBM advances to the next stroke. Meanwhile, the first support frame is pushed from inside the shield by the pushing oil cylinder to the shield tail; a steel mesh is laid on the top of the first support frame and lifted by the jacking oil cylinder until the steel mesh is closely attached to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable second temporary support platform; S4. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM simultaneously perform bolt support operations; S5. Recover the step-type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the jacking oil cylinder controls the recovery of the first support frame and the second support frame, and the first support frame and the recovered second support frame are connected by bolts. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the first support frame and the recovered second support frame are recovered into the shield, preparing to enter the next tunneling and support cycle.

[0011] A support method for a temporary support structure of a tunneling machine, adopting the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in the second preferred embodiment; the specific steps are as follows: A1. The step-type temporary support remains in the retracted state, and the TBM advances forward by a preset stroke; A2. After the excavation of the first preset stroke is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the outer support frame, and then the inner support frame and the outer support frame are pushed out by controlling the pushing oil cylinder, the connection between the inner support frame and the outer support frame is disconnected, and the top steel beam frame is lifted by the jacking oil cylinder of the outer support frame until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable first temporary support platform.

[0012] A3. Connect the inner support frame to the shield tail support; the TBM advances to the next stroke. At this time, the inner support frame moves synchronously with the TBM, and the pushing oil cylinder extends synchronously. A4. Lay a steel mesh on the top of the inner support frame; and lift the top steel beam frame of the inner support frame by the jacking oil cylinder until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable second temporary support platform. A5. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM simultaneously carry out bolt support operations. A6. Recover the step-type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the jacking oil cylinder controls the recovery of the inner support frame and the outer support frame. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the outer support frame is folded on the inner support frame, and then the connection between the inner support frame and the shield body is disconnected. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the inner support frame and the outer support frame are retracted into the shield body, preparing to enter the next excavation and support cycle.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The temporary support structure of the tunneling machine of the present invention performs step-type support on the excavated tunnel through the step-type temporary support, which has the characteristic of continuous support for the tunneling work. It solves the problems in the prior art that the support efficiency is low during the tunneling of the TBM in the coal mine roadway, the support and tunneling efficiencies do not match, and the high-efficiency tunneling performance of the TBM cannot be fully exerted.

[0014] Multiple support frames of the present invention can cooperate to provide temporary support and a larger working surface for the bolt support operation, improving construction safety and doubling the support efficiency at the same time. Based on the temporary support mechanism and the double-row support drilling rigs of the TBM, the present invention designs a double-row support operation mode, significantly improving the support operation efficiency and realizing the efficient coordination of tunneling and support.

[0015] The support method proposed by the present invention stops for support after two excavation strokes to realize rapid bolt construction. This method is based on the temporary support mechanism, and optimizes the layout and quantity of the TBM support drilling rigs and the coordinated operation of tunneling and support, improving the overall construction efficiency, fully exerting the high-efficiency tunneling performance of the TBM, shortening the construction period, reducing the construction cost, and having significant technical advantages and application value. Description of the Drawings

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the step - type temporary support in Embodiment 2; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the support frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the step - type temporary support in Embodiment 4; Figure 4 Expansion schematic diagram of the step - type temporary support in Embodiment 4; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the second support frame in the pushed - out state; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the second support frame in the jacked - up state; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the disconnection between the first support frame and the second support frame; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the first support frame in the pushed - out state; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the first support frame in the jacked - up state. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1, a temporary support structure for a roadheader, includes a step - type temporary support 2 disposed within the shield 1 and at the tail of the shield. The step - type temporary support 2 provides step - type support for the tunnel that has completed excavation, and has the characteristic of continuous support for the tunneling work. In this embodiment, the step - type temporary support 2 is connected to the axial driving member 3 disposed on the shield 1. The axial driving member 3 can push the step - type temporary support 2 to move relative to the shield 1, and the step - type temporary support 2 can perform corresponding stretching actions along with the roadheader to complete the temporary support without stopping within at least two strokes of the roadheader; at the same time, the axial driving member can also retract the step - type temporary support 2 into the shield 1, realizing the efficient coordination of tunneling and support while not affecting the tunneling work of the roadheader.

[0020] In this embodiment, the step - type temporary support 2 includes N support frames 21, where N≥2. In actual construction, generally N = 2, and N can also take the value of 3 or 4 according to needs. The corresponding two support frames 21 are detachably connected to facilitate the step - type support and synchronous recovery between adjacent support frames. In this embodiment, the axial driving member 3 is a pushing oil cylinder arranged in the shield body 1. The pushing oil cylinders are set in two groups and are respectively arranged on both sides of the shield body to provide the power for the extension and recovery of the step - type temporary support.

[0021] As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, the support frame 21 includes a base 2101 and a top steel beam frame 2102. The base 2101 is used to support the top steel beam frame. The top steel beam frame is an arc - shaped structure frame to adapt to the circular tunnel and the circular shield body. The top steel beam frame is connected by a supporting semi - circular skeleton and transverse fixing steel ribs to provide a supporting force for the surrounding rock and prevent large broken surrounding rock from falling. The top steel beam frame 2102 is connected to the base 2101 through a jacking oil cylinder 2103; the jacking oil cylinder is used to adjust the height of the top steel beam frame to enable stable support and is also convenient for the folding of the support frame; it adapts to the alternating operation requirements of tunneling and support. In this embodiment, an image acquisition device 4 is provided on the top steel beam frame 2102. The image acquisition device 4 is composed of a high - definition camera and can implement the acquisition of the state of the exposed surrounding rock behind the shield and the later bolt support operation. A pressure sensor 5 is arranged in the jacking oil cylinder 2103 to real - time feedback the oil cylinder pressure and monitor the bearing capacity of the support structure and the surrounding rock. The image acquisition device and the pressure sensor form a formation monitoring system for the following monitoring: First, sensing and monitoring the formation stress: During the tunneling process of the TBM, the formation stress is real - time feedback through the hydraulic sensor of the intermediate oil cylinder of the temporary support mechanism, and data such as surrounding rock pressure and deformation are obtained. Second, imaging to judge the fragmentation of the rock mass: The visual monitoring device installed on the inner side of the top of the temporary support mechanism is used to collect images of the rock mass in front of the tunneling and judge the fragmentation degree and structural characteristics of the rock mass through image analysis technology. Third, determining the fragmentation classification of the surrounding rock: According to the sensor monitoring data and the visual analysis results, and combining with the existing geological exploration data, the fragmentation degree of the surrounding rock is classified to obtain a more real surrounding rock grade. Fourth, according to the surrounding rock classification results and the relevant specification requirements, a targeted support plan is formulated, including bolt models, bolt lengths, layout densities, etc.

[0022] Embodiment 2, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, a temporary support structure for a tunneling machine is further optimized on the basis of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the step-by-step temporary support 2 includes two support frames 21 arranged side by side, that is, the support frames are arranged side by side in the shield body, one in front and the other behind. The two support frames 21 are respectively the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2. The second support frame is close to the shield tail. The first support frame 21-1 is connected to the pushing oil cylinder, and the pushing oil cylinder pushes the second support frame 21-2 out of the shield body 1 through the first support frame 21-1. After the tunneling machine completes one excavation stroke, the second support frame 21-2 is pushed out for support. When the tunneling machine performs the next tunneling stroke, the first support frame 21-1 is synchronously pushed out for support to achieve step-by-step continuous support. The layout of the TBM drill and the step-by-step temporary support are reasonably matched, the support time is greatly shortened, and the overall support efficiency is improved.

[0023] It should be noted that the connection structure between the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2 in this embodiment is: the rear end of the first support frame is connected to the front end of the second support frame by bolt members.

[0024] Embodiment 3, a support method for a temporary support structure of a tunneling machine, adopts the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in Embodiment 2, that is, adopts a double-row support structure. The specific steps are as follows: S1. The step-by-step temporary support 2 remains in the retracted state to reduce interference with the tunneling operation. At this time, the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2 are bolted together and follow the TBM to advance a preset stroke forward; in the traditional support method, the TBM needs to stop for support every time it advances a preset stroke; in this support method, it stops for anchoring support every two preset strokes.

[0025] S2. After the first preset stroke of tunneling is completed, as Figure 5 shown, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the second support frame 21-2, and then the second support frame 21-2 is pushed out by controlling the pushing oil cylinder, disconnecting the connection between the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2 as Figure 7 shown, and the top steel beam frame 2102 of the second support frame 21-2 is lifted by the jacking oil cylinder 2103 until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, as Figure 6 shown, to form a stable first temporary support platform.

[0026] S3. The TBM advances the next stroke. At the same time, the first support frame 21-1 is pushed out of the shield body to the shield tail by the pushing oil cylinder inside the shield body as Figure 8 shown; a steel mesh is laid on the top of the first support frame 21-1, and the top steel beam frame 2102 of the first support frame 21-1 is lifted by the jacking oil cylinder 2103 until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, as Figure 9As shown, a stable second temporary support platform is formed; at this time, the second temporary support platform contacts the first temporary support platform and they are arranged side by side for support in the tunnel.

[0027] S4. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM simultaneously carry out bolt support operations. That is, operations such as bolt drilling, grouting agent injection, and bolt installation are carried out in the support areas of the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform to complete the bolt support.

[0028] S5. Recover the step-type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the jacking oil cylinder 2103 controls the recovery of the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2; that is, the top steel beam frames of the two support frames are lowered, and the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2 are connected by bolts. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the first support frame 21-1 and the second support frame 21-2 are synchronously recovered into the shield 1 to prepare for the next tunneling and support cycle. According to the present invention, the support strategy can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the surrounding rock state, and based on the temporary support mechanism, the support efficiency can be greatly improved, and the balance between tunneling and support can be achieved.

[0029] Embodiment 4, a temporary support structure for a tunneling machine, as Figure 3 、 4 shown, the step-type temporary support 2 includes two support frames 21 sleeved inside and outside each other, that is, a telescopic support structure is adopted. This temporary support mechanism is arranged in two layers, inner and outer, providing a stable and sufficient temporary support platform for the bolt support operation and improving the support operation efficiency. In this embodiment, the two support frames 21 are respectively an inner support frame 21a and an outer support frame 21b. The inner support frame is sleeved inside the outer support frame, and the cooperation between the two can also be realized by means of plug-in fit; the outer support frame 21b is connected to the pushing oil cylinder, and the inner support frame 21a is connected to the shield 1. After the tunneling machine completes an excavation stroke, the outer support frame 21b and the inner support frame 21a inside are simultaneously pushed out and the outer support frame 21b is used for support. When the tunneling machine proceeds to the next tunneling stroke, the inner support frame 21a is synchronously pulled out of the outer support frame 21b for support.

[0030] It should be noted that the connection structure between the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b is: the rear end surface of the outer support frame 21b is connected to the rear end surface of the inner support frame 21a by bolt members.

[0031] Embodiment 5, a support method for a temporary support structure of a tunneling machine, adopting the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in Embodiment 4; the specific steps are: A1. The step-type temporary support 2 remains in the retracted state to reduce interference with the tunneling operation. At this time, the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b are connected by bolts and follow the TBM to advance a preset stroke forward.

[0032] A2. After the excavation of the first preset stroke is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the outer support frame 21b. Then, the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b are pushed out by controlling the pushing oil cylinder, the connection between the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b is disconnected, and the top steel beam frame 2102 of the outer support frame 21b is lifted by the jacking oil cylinder 2103 of the outer support frame 21b until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable first temporary support platform.

[0033] A3. Connect the front end of the inner support frame 21a to the shield tail support shield; the TBM excavates the next stroke. At this time, the inner support frame 21a moves synchronously with the TBM and gradually extends out of the outer support frame 21b. At the same time, the pushing oil cylinder connected to the outer support frame 21b extends synchronously.

[0034] A4. Lay a steel mesh on the top of the inner support frame 21a; and lift the top steel beam frame 2102 of the inner support frame 21a by the jacking oil cylinder 2103 until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable second temporary support platform; at this time, the second temporary support platform contacts the first temporary support platform and supports side by side in the tunnel.

[0035] A5. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM carry out bolt support operations simultaneously; that is, operations such as bolt drilling, grouting agent injection, and bolt installation are carried out in the support areas of the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform to complete the bolt support.

[0036] A6. Recover the step - type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the jacking oil cylinder 2103 controls the recovery of the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the outer support frame 21b is folded on the inner support frame 21a. Then, the connection between the inner support frame 21a and the shield body is disconnected. Under the action of the pushing oil cylinder, the inner support frame 21a and the outer support frame 21b are retracted into the shield body 1, preparing to enter the next excavation and support cycle. According to the present invention, the support strategy can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the surrounding rock state, and based on the temporary support mechanism, the support efficiency can be greatly improved, and the balance between excavation and support can be achieved.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "level", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0039] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary support structure for a roadheader, characterized in that: It includes a step - type temporary support (2) arranged inside the shield body (1) and at the tail of the shield body. The step - type temporary support (2) is connected to an axial driving member (3) arranged in the shield body (1). The axial driving member (3) can push the step - type temporary support (2) to move relative to the shield body (1), and the step - type temporary support (2) can perform corresponding stretching actions along with the tunneling machine to complete the temporary support without stopping within at least two strokes of the tunneling machine.

2. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 1, wherein: The step - type temporary support (2) includes N support frames (21), where N≥2, and the connection between two corresponding support frames (21) is detachable; the axial driving member (3) is a pushing oil cylinder arranged in the shield body (1).

3. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support frame (21) includes a base (2101) and a top steel beam frame (2102). The top steel beam frame (2102) is connected to the base (2101) through a jacking oil cylinder (2103), and the top steel beam frame (2102) matches the shield body (1).

4. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 3, characterized in that: An image acquisition device (4) is arranged on the top steel beam frame (2102); a pressure sensor (5) is arranged inside the jacking oil cylinder (2103).

5. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step - type temporary support (2) includes two support frames (21) arranged side by side. The two support frames (21) are respectively a first support frame (21 - 1) and a second support frame (21 - 2). The first support frame (21 - 1) is connected to the pushing oil cylinder, and the pushing oil cylinder pushes the second support frame (21 - 2) out of the shield body (1) through the first support frame (21 - 1).

6. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the tunneling machine completes one excavation stroke, the second support frame (21 - 2) is pushed out for support. When the tunneling machine performs the next tunneling stroke, the first support frame (21 - 1) is synchronously pushed out for support.

7. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step - type temporary support (2) includes two support frames (21) sleeved inside and outside each other. The two support frames (21) are respectively an inner support frame (21a) and an outer support frame (21b). The outer support frame (21b) is connected to the pushing oil cylinder, and the inner support frame (21a) is connected to the shield body (1).

8. The temporary support structure of the roadheader according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the tunneling machine completes one excavation stroke, the outer support frame (21b) is pushed out for support. When the tunneling machine performs the next tunneling stroke, the inner support frame (21a) is synchronously pulled out for support.

9. A support method for a temporary support structure of a roadheader, characterized in that: Adopting the tunneling machine temporary support structure described in claim 5 or 6, the specific steps are as follows: S1. The step - type temporary support (2) remains in the retracted state, and the TBM advances forward for a preset stroke; S2. After the first preset stroke is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the second support frame (21 - 2), and then the second support frame (21 - 2) is controlled to be pushed out by the pushing oil cylinder. The connection between the first support frame (21 - 1) and the second support frame (21 - 2) is disconnected, and the top steel beam frame (2102) of the second support frame (21 - 2) is jacked up by the jacking oil cylinder (2103) until the steel mesh is closely attached to the surrounding rock surface to form a stable first - stage temporary support platform; S3. The TBM advances to the next stroke. Meanwhile, the first support frame (21-1) is pushed out to the shield tail by the internal push cylinders of the shield body; a steel mesh is laid on the top of the first support frame (21-1), and is lifted by the lifting cylinders (2103) until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable second temporary support platform; S4. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM simultaneously carry out bolt support operations; S5. Recover the step-type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the lifting cylinders (2103) control the recovery of the first support frame (21-1) and the second support frame (21-2), and connect the first support frame (21-1) and the recovered second support frame (21-2) with bolts. Under the action of the push cylinders, the first support frame (21-1) and the recovered second support frame (21-2) are retracted into the shield body (1), preparing for the next tunneling and support cycle.

10. A support method for a temporary support structure of a roadheader, characterized in that: Adopt the temporary support structure of the tunneling machine described in claim 7 or 8; the specific steps are as follows: A1. The step-type temporary support (2) remains in the retracted state, and the TBM advances forward by a preset stroke; A2. After the first preset stroke of tunneling is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the top of the outer support frame (21b), and then the inner support frame (21a) and the outer support frame (21b) are pushed out by controlling the push cylinders, disconnect the connection between the inner support frame (21a) and the outer support frame (21b), and use the lifting cylinder (2103) of the outer support frame (21b) to lift the top steel beam frame (2102) until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable first temporary support platform; A3. Connect the inner support frame (21a) with the shield tail support; the TBM advances to the next stroke. At this time, the inner support frame (21a) moves synchronously with the TBM, and the push cylinders extend synchronously; A4. Lay a steel mesh on the top of the inner support frame (21a); and use the lifting cylinder (2103) to lift the top steel beam frame (2102) of the inner support frame (21a) until the steel mesh is close to the surrounding rock surface, forming a stable second temporary support platform; A5. The TBM stops. In the working space provided by the first temporary support platform and the second temporary support platform, multiple support drilling rigs on the TBM simultaneously carry out bolt support operations; A6. Recover the step-type temporary support: After the bolt support operation is completed, the lifting cylinders (2103) control the recovery of the inner support frame (21a) and the outer support frame (21b). Under the action of the push cylinders, the outer support frame (21b) is folded onto the inner support frame (21a), and then disconnect the connection between the inner support frame (21a) and the shield body. Under the action of the push cylinders, the inner support frame (21a) and the outer support frame (21b) are retracted into the shield body (1), preparing for the next tunneling and support cycle.

Images