Holographic antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a holographic antenna and electronic equipment, belongs to the technical field of antennas, and can solve the problems that an existing holographic antenna is complex in antenna architecture, high in profile and not suitable for receiving and transmitting to share an aperture. The holographic antenna comprises a first waveguide cavity, a second waveguide cavity and an antenna panel which are sequentially arranged along a first direction, wherein the first waveguide cavity is provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged along a second direction, the first end is provided with an excitation port, and the second end is provided with a reflection structure; the reflection structure protrudes out of the first waveguide cavity in the first direction and extends to the second waveguide cavity, and the reflection structure is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves excited by the excitation port to the second waveguide cavity so that the antenna panel can radiate the electromagnetic waves. The holographic antenna can be used for forming uniform plane waves, and the radiation intensity and the phase of the antenna unit are controlled by adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna unit, so that the target wave beam points to the required direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a holographic antenna and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The liquid crystal holographic electronically controlled scanning array antenna is a beam-forming antenna with a low profile and low cost achieved by applying the holographic control theory to the liquid crystal electronically controlled scanning antenna. Holography is a technology that uses the principles of wave interference and diffraction to record the amplitude and phase information of an object and reproduce the three-dimensional image of the object. A holographic antenna is an application of holography in the field of microwave engineering. This type of antenna can obtain the expected radiated electromagnetic wave by recording and restoring the interference field of the reference electromagnetic wave and the expected radiated electromagnetic wave. A holographic antenna usually has two parts: a feed structure and a holographic structure. Among them, the role of the feed structure is to transmit a reference wave that can interfere with the expected radiated electromagnetic wave, and the role of the holographic structure is to record the distribution of the interference field. When the holographic antenna is working, first, the reference electromagnetic wave and the expected radiated electromagnetic wave need to form an interference field on a certain plane, then use the holographic structure to remember the distribution of the interference field, and finally use the reference electromagnetic wave to excite the holographic structure with the interference field distribution recorded, so as to restore the radiated electromagnetic wave. On the premise that the antenna unit has the characteristic of adjustable radiated electromagnetic wave, the liquid crystal holographic electronically controlled scanning antenna can dynamically record various interference field distributions, so as to restore the radiated electromagnetic wave, thus realizing the characteristic of beam forming.

[0003] The prior art adjusts the amplitude of the antenna radiation unit by loading PIN diodes, varactor diodes, ferrites, and electromagnetic media such as liquid crystals, so as to achieve beam forming at a certain frequency. Compared with PIN diodes, liquid crystal materials have the characteristic of continuous adjustment; compared with varactor diodes, liquid crystals can work at higher frequencies and have better performance in the Ku band and above; compared with ferrite materials, liquid crystal materials have lower loss characteristics and can be electronically controlled, effectively avoiding the bulkiness of magnetically controlled devices. Therefore, the excellent performance of liquid crystal materials makes the liquid crystal electronically controlled scanning antenna have broad prospects in the application of modern communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a holographic antenna and an electronic device that can form a uniform plane wave, and by adjusting the resonant frequency of the antenna unit, control the radiation intensity and phase of the unit to make the target beam point to the required direction.

[0005] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problems of the present invention is a holographic antenna, including a first waveguide cavity, a second waveguide cavity, and an antenna panel arranged in sequence along a first direction; wherein,

[0006] The first waveguide cavity has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, an excitation port is arranged at the first end, and a reflection structure is arranged at the second end;

[0007] The reflective structure protrudes from the first waveguide cavity along a first direction and extends to the second waveguide cavity. The reflective structure is configured to transmit the electromagnetic waves excited by the excitation port to the second waveguide cavity so that the antenna panel radiates the electromagnetic waves.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reflective structure has a profile that is the same as a profile of the second end of the first waveguide cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, the profile of the reflective structure is an arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped structure is convexly arranged in a direction away from the first end.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity is filled with a polymer material.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity is filled with an absorption loading material at an end away from the reflective structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first waveguide cavity further has a first cavity structure connecting the first end and the second end, and the width of the first cavity structure increases monotonically in a direction from the first end to the second end.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity is a parallel plate waveguide cavity.

[0014] In some embodiments, the antenna panel includes a first substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the radiation layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the second waveguide cavity; the radiation layer includes a plurality of antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray includes a plurality of antenna units, wherein the antenna unit includes a patch structure and a slit opening penetrating the patch structure;

[0015] The switch unit is disposed corresponding to the slit opening, and is configured to control a switch state of the slit opening so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave from the slit opening.

[0016] In some embodiments, the switch unit includes any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch.

[0017] In some embodiments, the switching unit is a liquid crystal switch. The antenna panel further includes a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a control electrode is provided on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is provided between the layer where the control electrode is located and the radiation layer. The liquid crystal layer is configured to control the switching state of the slit opening so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave from the slit opening.

[0018] In some embodiments, the antenna subarray includes a plurality of first antenna subarrays and second antenna subarrays disposed at intervals. The first antenna subarray includes a plurality of first antenna units and second antenna units disposed at intervals, where

[0019] The orthographic projection of the first antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction;

[0020] The orthographic projection of the second antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction.

[0021] In some embodiments, the second antenna subarray includes a plurality of third antenna units and fourth antenna units disposed at intervals, where

[0022] The orthographic projection of the third antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction;

[0023] The orthographic projection of the fourth antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction.

[0024] In some embodiments, the materials of the first waveguide cavity and the second waveguide cavity are metal materials.

[0025] In some embodiments, the material of the reflection structure is a metal material.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including the holographic antenna according to any one of the first aspects above. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a side view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a second waveguide cavity provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a first waveguide cavity provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 Top view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 6 Bottom view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an antenna sub - array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of an antenna sub - array provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a switching unit provided by the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of another switching unit provided by the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "a", "an" or "the" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but mean that there is at least one. Terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or items appearing before this term cover the elements or items listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0041] To solve the problems of complex architecture, high profile, high cost, and difficulty in sharing the same aperture for transmitting and receiving in traditional electronically controlled scanning antennas, an embodiment of this disclosure provides a holographic antenna. Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 The following is a side view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of this disclosure. As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, the holographic antenna includes a first waveguide cavity 1, a second waveguide cavity 2, and an antenna panel 3 arranged in sequence along a first direction; wherein, the first waveguide cavity 1 has a first end and a second end oppositely arranged along a second direction, an excitation port 201 is arranged at the first end, and a reflection structure 203 is arranged at the second end; the reflection structure 203 protrudes from the first waveguide cavity 1 along the first direction and extends to the second waveguide cavity 2, and the reflection structure 203 is configured to transmit the electromagnetic wave excited by the excitation port 201 to the second waveguide cavity 2, so that the antenna panel 3 radiates the electromagnetic wave.

[0042] Among them, the first waveguide cavity 1 and the second waveguide cavity 2 are used to transmit the electromagnetic wave fed by the excitation port 201, and then radiate it through the antenna panel 3. Specifically, the excitation port 201 sends the electromagnetic wave into the first waveguide cavity 1 for transmission in the TE10 mode. The electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflection structure 203 through the transmission of the first waveguide cavity 1, and the electromagnetic wave is conducted to the second waveguide cavity 2 and transmitted in the TEM mode in the second waveguide cavity 2. Compared with the TE10 mode which is the main mode of traditional waveguide feeding transmission, the main mode of the holographic antenna in the embodiment of this disclosure is changed from the TE10 mode to the TEM mode of parallel plate waveguide feeding transmission. Among them, the TE10 mode refers to the electromagnetic wave in a standard rectangular waveguide with a magnetic field component but no electric field component along the propagation direction; the TEM mode refers to a waveguide mode in which there are no electric and magnetic field components in the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave.

[0043] The purpose of adding the reflection structure 203 on one side of the second end of the first waveguide cavity 1 is to borrow the principle of a reflector antenna to reflect the electromagnetic wave energy fed into the excitation port 201 from the first waveguide cavity 1 to the second waveguide cavity 2, and ensure that the electric or magnetic field phases of the electromagnetic waves at each point on the waveguide cross-section in the first waveguide cavity 1 passing through the reflection structure 203 into the second waveguide cavity 2 are consistent, thereby forming a uniform plane wave. Further, the radiation intensity and phase of the antenna elements can be controlled by adjusting the resonant frequencies of the antenna elements in the antenna panel 3 subsequently, so that the target beam points to the desired direction.

[0044] In addition, the first direction and the second direction are different directions. All embodiments in the present disclosure are described only by taking the first direction perpendicular to the second direction as an example. It can be understood that the first direction can be perpendicular to the second direction, or the first direction and the second direction can have a certain included angle, and the present disclosure does not limit this.

[0045] For the holographic antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the excitation port 201 sends electromagnetic waves into the first waveguide cavity 1, and the electromagnetic waves are reflected by the reflection structure 203 after passing through the transmission of the first waveguide cavity 1, and the electromagnetic waves are conducted to the second waveguide cavity 2. It is ensured that the electric or magnetic field phases of the electromagnetic waves at each point on the waveguide cross-section in the first waveguide cavity 1 passing through the reflection structure 203 into the second waveguide cavity 2 are consistent, thereby forming a uniform plane wave. At the same time, the main mode of the traditional waveguide feed transmission is the TE10 mode, which is changed to the TEM mode of the parallel plate waveguide feed transmission.

[0046] In some embodiments, the contour of the reflection structure 203 is the same as the contour of the second end of the first waveguide cavity 1.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a first waveguide cavity provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 4 shown, the reflection structure 203 is arranged at the second end of the first waveguide cavity 1. In addition to reflecting the electromagnetic waves in the first waveguide cavity 1 to the second waveguide cavity 2 through the reflection structure 203, it is also necessary to prevent the electromagnetic waves in the first waveguide cavity 1 from being fed out from the second end. Therefore, the reflection structure 203 should at least cover the second port. The contour of the reflection structure 203 is the same as the contour of the second end of the first waveguide cavity 1. Such a design can prevent electromagnetic wave loss as much as possible while reducing the antenna volume.

[0048] In some embodiments, the contour of the reflection structure 203 is an arc structure, and the arc structure protrudes in the direction away from the first end. Such a setting can enable the reflection structure 203 to better reflect the electromagnetic waves in the first waveguide cavity 1 to the second waveguide cavity 2.

[0049] It can be understood that the contour of the reflection structure 203 can also be other shapes, such as a trapezoid, etc. Optionally, the shape and size of the reflection structure 203 can be flexibly selected according to the frequency band of the fed electromagnetic wave, as long as it is ensured that the electric or magnetic field phases of the electromagnetic waves at each point on the waveguide cross-section in the first waveguide cavity 1 enter the second waveguide cavity 2 through the reflection structure 203 and remain consistent, so as to form a uniform plane wave. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0050] In some embodiments, the material of the reflection structure 203 is a metal material. For example, metal materials such as aluminum and platinum are used. With such a setting, the reflection effect of the reflection structure 203 can be better.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first waveguide cavity 1 is filled with an air medium.

[0052] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity 2 is filled with a polymer material.

[0053] Specifically, filling the second waveguide cavity 2 with a low-loss polymer material can achieve the effect of a slow-wave waveguide, which is beneficial to increasing the equivalent aperture of the antenna and improving the radiation accuracy. Optionally, the polymer material can be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, etc. Of course, the second waveguide cavity 2 can also be filled with an air medium. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity 2 is filled with an absorbing load material at one end far from the reflection structure 203.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second waveguide cavity 2 provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 3 shown, the cavity of the second waveguide cavity 2 includes a first part 204 and a second part 205. The second part 205 is farther from the reflection structure 203 than the first part 204. Among them, a low-loss polymer material can be filled in the first part 204, and an absorbing load material, such as a metamaterial, etc., can be filled in the second part 205.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, by filling the absorbing load material at one end of the second waveguide cavity 2 far from the reflection structure 203, the remaining energy that is not radiated by the antenna panel 3 can be absorbed, preventing it from being reflected back into the waveguide cavity again and affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna panel 3.

[0057] Optionally, the first part 204 can be completely filled with the polymer material, or the first part 204 can also be partially filled with the polymer material, which can be specifically set flexibly according to the required slow wave. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0058] Optionally, the second part 205 is completely filled with the absorbing load material. The purpose is to ensure that the remaining energy not radiated by the antenna panel 3 is completely absorbed, preventing it from being reflected back into the waveguide cavity and affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna panel 3.

[0059] In some embodiments, the second waveguide cavity 2 is a parallel plate waveguide cavity. Such a setting can make the cross-section of the second waveguide cavity 2 large to meet the requirements.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first waveguide cavity 1 further has a first cavity structure 202 connecting the first end and the second end, and in the direction from the first end to the second end, the width of the first cavity structure 202 monotonically increases.

[0061] Specifically, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a first waveguide cavity provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 4 shown, the electromagnetic wave propagates in the first waveguide cavity 1 in the TE10 mode. Therefore, in the direction from the first end to the second end of the first cavity structure 202 of the first waveguide cavity 1, the width of the first cavity structure 202 monotonically increases. In some embodiments, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the width of the first cavity structure 202 can increase linearly. In some embodiments, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the width of the first cavity structure 202 can also increase non-linearly. For example, the growth trend of the width of the first cavity structure 202 is a curve growth (such as exponential growth), etc. In some embodiments, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the width of the first cavity structure 202 can also increase stepwise. For example, the first cavity structure 202 is divided into N segments along the second direction, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the widths of the N segments of the first cavity structure 202 are n1, n2, n3... n in sequence, and n1 < n2 < n3... < n. Optionally, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the width of the first cavity structure 202 can also increase. The present disclosure does not limit the growth trend of the width of the first cavity structure 202 in the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0062] Figure 5 is a top view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a bottom view of a holographic antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 5 - Figure 6 shown, the relative positional relationship among the first waveguide cavity 1, the second waveguide cavity 2, and the antenna panel 3. The first waveguide cavity 1 has a first end and a second end arranged oppositely along the second direction. An excitation port 201 is provided at the first end, and a reflection structure 203 is provided at the second end. In addition, the second waveguide cavity 2 generally requires a relatively large cross-section. Therefore, the side of the second waveguide cavity 2 facing away from the antenna panel 3 is generally arranged to cover the first waveguide cavity 1.

[0063] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna panel provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an antenna subarray provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 7 - Figure 8 shown, the antenna panel includes a first substrate 10, a radiation layer 11, and a plurality of switch units; the radiation layer 11 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the second waveguide cavity 2; the radiation layer 11 includes a plurality of antenna subarrays, and each antenna subarray includes a plurality of antenna elements 310. Among them, the antenna element 310 includes a patch structure 311 and a slit opening 111 penetrating through the patch structure; the switch unit is correspondingly disposed with the slit opening 111 and is configured to control the on / off state of the slit opening 111 to radiate electromagnetic waves from the slit opening 111.

[0064] Specifically, a low-loss polymer material 41 can be filled in the second waveguide cavity 2 to achieve the effect of a slow-wave waveguide. The switch units are correspondingly disposed one-to-one with the slit openings 111 and are configured to control whether the slit openings 111 can feed out electromagnetic waves. According to the beam direction, the on / off state of the corresponding switch units can be used to control the on / off state of the slit openings 111, so as to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna itself, and further change the additional phase shift and amplitude caused by the antenna element 310, and realize beams and polarizations in different directions.

[0065] In some embodiments, the antenna subarray includes a plurality of first antenna subarrays 31 and second antenna subarrays 32 arranged at intervals. The first antenna subarray 31 includes a plurality of first antenna elements 301 and second antenna elements 302 arranged at intervals. Among them, the orthogonal projection of the first antenna element 301 on the first substrate 10 forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction y and an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction x; the orthogonal projection of the second antenna element 302 on the first substrate 10 forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction y and an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction x.

[0066] In some embodiments, the second antenna subarray 32 includes a plurality of third antenna elements 303 and fourth antenna elements 304 arranged at intervals. Among them, the orthogonal projection of the third antenna element 303 on the first substrate 10 forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction y and an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction x; the orthogonal projection of the fourth antenna element 304 on the first substrate 10 forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction y and an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction x.

[0067] Specifically, Figure 9 Schematic diagram of an antenna subarray provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As Figure 9As shown, the first direction y is perpendicular to the second direction x. Two antenna elements of the antenna subarray are arranged at ±45° with respect to the wave vector direction, forming two orthogonal electric field components required to achieve arbitrary polarization variation.

[0068] In some embodiments, the switching unit includes any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch.

[0069] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a switching unit provided by the present disclosure; as Figure 10 shown, the switching unit can be a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode Varactor. In this case, the PIN diode or the variable reactance diode Varactor can be integrated with the slot opening 111 to achieve the ability to control double-valued amplitude or continuous amplitude. For example: taking the switching unit as a PIN diode, by controlling the bias voltage input to the PIN diode, the forward bias / reverse bias of the PIN diode can be controlled. When it is required that the slot opening 111 is in the on state, at this time, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode conducts; when it is required that the slot opening 111 is in the off state, at this time, the bias voltage input to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.

[0070] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of another switching unit provided by the present disclosure; as Figure 11 shown, the switching unit is a liquid crystal switch. The antenna panel 3 further includes a second substrate 30 disposed opposite to the first substrate 10, and a control electrode 42 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 30 close to the first substrate 10; a liquid crystal layer 43 is disposed between the layer where the control electrode 42 is located and the radiation layer 11. The liquid crystal layer 43 is configured to control the switching state of the slot opening 11 to radiate electromagnetic waves from the slot opening 111. By changing the voltage applied to the control electrode 42, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules themselves is changed, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 43 is changed, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency of the antenna unit itself, and further changing the additional phase shift and amplitude caused by the antenna unit to achieve different direction pointing and polarization.

[0071] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of yet another switching unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 12As shown, the switching unit is a MEMS switch. For example, a counter substrate 30 is provided opposite to the first substrate 10. The counter substrate 30 is a flexible substrate, and a patch electrode 34 is provided on the counter substrate 30. The patch electrode 34 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slit opening 111. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrode 34, the distance between the patch electrode 34 and the slit opening 111 is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, so as to continuously control the radiation amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal.

[0072] The holographic antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, on the basis of the traditional waveguide slot antenna, changes the main mode of the traditional waveguide feed transmission from the TE10 mode to the TEM mode of the parallel plate waveguide feed transmission. By adding a polymer material in the second waveguide cavity 2 to form a slow wave, it is beneficial to increase the equivalent aperture of the antenna panel and improve the adoption accuracy. At the same time, borrowing the principle of the reflector antenna, a metal-shaped reflection structure is added to the second section of the first waveguide cavity 1 to reflect the electromagnetic wave energy from the first waveguide cavity 1 to the second waveguide cavity 2 and ensure that the electromagnetic waves on the cross section of the cavity are in phase. The two antenna elements of the antenna subarray are arranged at ±45deg with respect to the wave vector direction to form two orthogonal electric field components required to achieve arbitrary variable polarization. By changing the applied voltage, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is changed, so as to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna element itself, and then change the additional phase shift and amplitude caused by the antenna element, so as to achieve different direction pointing and polarization. Finally, by increasing the radiation quantity of the antenna element, the sampling accuracy of the antenna element is improved, and performance indexes such as the pointing accuracy of the antenna are improved.

[0073] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device including any one of the antennas in the above embodiments.

[0074] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, such as providing 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and sends the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the electronic device receives a signal, it can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit after being processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end can be, for example, a smart gateway, etc.

[0075] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is configured to modulate the signal transmitted by the transceiver unit or to demodulate the signal received by the antenna and then transmit it to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulating circuit may modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then transmit them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulating circuit, and the demodulating circuit demodulates the signal and then transmits it to the receiving end.

[0076] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier. The signal amplifier and the power amplifier are further connected to a filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During the process of the electronic device transmitting a signal, the signal amplifier is configured to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier is configured to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit it to the filtering unit; the filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and filters out the clutter and then transmits them to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the signal. During the process of the electronic device receiving a signal, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out the clutter of the signal received by the antenna and then transmits it to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signal received by the antenna is transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver after being processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0077] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0078] In some examples, the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit. The power management unit is connected to the power amplifier and provides a voltage for amplifying the signal to the power amplifier.

[0079] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A holographic antenna, characterized in that, It includes a first waveguide cavity, a second waveguide cavity and an antenna panel which are sequentially arranged along a first direction; wherein, The first waveguide cavity has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, an excitation port is arranged at the first end, and a reflection structure is arranged at the second end; The reflective structure protrudes from the first waveguide cavity along a first direction and extends to the second waveguide cavity. The reflective structure is configured to transmit the electromagnetic waves excited by the excitation port to the second waveguide cavity so that the antenna panel radiates the electromagnetic waves.

2. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The profile of the reflective structure is the same as the profile of the second end of the first waveguide cavity.

3. The holographic antenna according to claim 2, wherein The contour of the reflective structure is an arc-shaped structure, and the arc-shaped structure is convexly arranged in a direction away from the first end.

4. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein The second waveguide cavity is filled with polymer material.

5. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second waveguide cavity is filled with an absorption loading material at one end away from the reflection structure.

6. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first waveguide cavity further comprises a first cavity structure connecting the first end and the second end, and the width of the first cavity structure increases monotonically in a direction from the first end to the second end.

7. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, wherein The second waveguide cavity is a parallel plate waveguide cavity.

8. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna panel comprises a first substrate, a radiation layer, and a plurality of switch units; the radiation layer is arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the second waveguide cavity; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein the antenna unit comprises a patch structure and a slit opening penetrating the patch structure; The switch unit is disposed corresponding to the slit opening, and is configured to control a switch state of the slit opening so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave from the slit opening.

9. The holographic antenna according to claim 8, wherein The switch unit includes any one of a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch.

10. The holographic antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The switching unit is a liquid crystal switch, and the antenna panel also includes a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate, and a control electrode is arranged on the side of the second substrate close to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer is arranged between the layer where the control electrode is located and the radiation layer, and the liquid crystal layer is configured to control the switching state of the slit opening so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave from the slit opening.

11. The holographic antenna according to claim 8, wherein The antenna subarray includes a plurality of first antenna subarrays and a second antenna subarray arranged at intervals, and the first antenna subarray includes a plurality of first antenna units and a second antenna unit arranged at intervals, wherein: The orthographic projection of the first antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction, and forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction; The orthographic projection of the second antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction, and forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction.

12. The holographic antenna according to claim 11, wherein The second antenna subarray includes a plurality of third antenna units and a fourth antenna unit arranged at intervals, wherein: The orthographic projection of the third antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction; The orthographic projection of the fourth antenna unit on the first substrate forms an angle of -45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the first direction and an angle of 45° with the wave vector direction of the electromagnetic wave in the second direction.

13. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials of the first waveguide cavity and the second waveguide cavity are metallic materials.

14. The holographic antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the reflection structure is a metallic material.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, Comprising the holographic antenna according to any one of claims 1-14.

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