Stone excavation construction method based on differentiated silent crushing agent

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of basement construction, and in particular to a rock excavation construction method based on differentiated silent cracking agents; the method comprises the following steps: designing and distributing holes; drilling and blowing holes; charging; sealing holes and waiting for cracking; and excavating; placing cracking agents with different reaction speeds through holes at different positions to achieve pressure gradient growth, improve the controllability of crack expansion speed, significantly improve crushing efficiency, reduce construction energy consumption, reduce the impact on the surrounding environment, and achieve safe and accurate rock crushing effects; the cracking agents in the outer ring of the rock mass react earlier than those in the rock mass, forming initial cracks, which can reduce the compressive stress in the rock mass and improve the crushing effect inside the rock mass; the medium-speed reaction type cracking agent is used to expand the initial crack, and the slow-reaction type cracking agent can control the crushing boundary to achieve accurate crushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of basement construction, and in particular to a stone excavation construction method based on a differentiated soundless crushing agent. Background Art

[0002] Rock excavation is a critical step in projects such as municipal engineering, foundation treatment, and tunneling, directly impacting construction efficiency, structural safety, and cost control. Silent breakers (also known as static breakers) are widely used as an alternative to traditional blasting due to their low noise, low vibration, and pollution-free properties. They are particularly suitable for urban environments or where high demands are placed on surrounding structures.

[0003] However, existing silent crushing agent application technology still has many limitations, making it difficult to meet the demand for high-quality and efficient rock crushing in complex geological conditions. First, the commonly used silent crushing agent formula is usually a single type, and the parameters are not optimized according to specific rock formation conditions (such as rock formation thickness, drilling layout, and drilling depth). As a result, the crushing process cannot effectively match the changes in radial restraining pressure within the hole, resulting in unstable crushing results and prone to localized insufficient crushing or ineffective expansion.

[0004] Secondly, the energy released by the crushing agent during the reaction process is unevenly distributed, resulting in over-crushing in some areas and under-crushing in others, making the crack propagation path difficult to control. This not only affects the neatness and controllability of the crushed surface, but also reduces the efficiency of subsequent construction processes.

[0005] Furthermore, existing crushing technologies suffer from low energy efficiency, with a significant amount of reaction energy not being effectively transferred to the areas needed for rock fragmentation. This results in wasted crushing agents and increased construction costs. This issue is particularly acute in large-scale or high-precision construction scenarios, severely restricting the further application of silent crushing agents in high-quality rock excavation.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of existing silent crushers in rock crushing control accuracy, energy utilization efficiency and adaptability, it is urgent to propose a new stone excavation construction method based on differentiated silent crushers to improve the controllability of the crushing effect and material utilization rate, and meet the efficient, precise and environmentally friendly construction requirements in modern municipal engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a stone excavation construction method based on differentiated silent crushing agents that is safe, accurately crushes, and reduces construction energy consumption.

[0008] The present invention provides a rock excavation construction method based on a differentiated soundless breaker, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Hole layout design: Multiple rows of holes are designed on the stone cross section, with the spacing of each row of holes increasing from the middle to the edges on both sides;

[0010] Drilling and blowing holes: Choose a suitable drill bit, drill holes according to the hole layout, and blow holes to clean them in time;

[0011] Charge: The holes located on both sides of the stone and close to the stone surface are the first holes, and the first holes are filled with fast-reaction crushing agents. The holes close to the stone surface and in the middle, or the holes located inside the stone and close to both sides of the stone are the second holes, and the second holes are filled with medium-speed reaction crushing agents. The holes located inside the stone near the middle are the third holes, and the third holes are filled with slow-reaction crushing agents.

[0012] Sealing holes and waiting for cracking: After all holes are charged, an appropriate amount of water is injected into the holes, and then the area around the hole openings is sealed, waiting for the fast-reaction breaker, the medium-reaction breaker, and the slow-reaction breaker to react in sequence. The fast-reaction breaker generates initial cracks, the medium-reaction breaker expands the initial cracks, and the slow-reaction breaker controls the cracking boundary.

[0013] Excavation: After the reaction of the slow-reacting breaker is completed, excavation is carried out and the slag is loaded onto trucks for transportation.

[0014] In this technical solution, crushing agents with different reaction speeds are placed in holes at different positions to achieve pressure gradient growth, improve the controllability of crack expansion speed, significantly improve crushing efficiency, reduce construction energy consumption, minimize the impact on the surrounding environment, and achieve safe and precise rock crushing effects.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the distance between two adjacent holes is D, 20 cm ≤ D ≤ 50 cm.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the fast-reaction breaker has a reaction time of 2-4 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 88-92% calcium oxide, 1-3% calcium chloride, 0.5-1.5% aluminum powder, and 5-8% silicate cement.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the medium-speed reaction type breaker has a reaction time of 5-6 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 85-88% calcium oxide, 8-12% sulfoaluminate cement, 0.2-0.5% borax, and 0.1-0.3% cellulose ether.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the slow-reacting breaker has a reaction time of 7-8 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 75-80% calcium oxide, 1-2% calcium stearate, 15-20% magnesium oxide, and 3-5% zeolite powder.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, when water is injected into the holes, water is injected in the order of the first hole, the second hole, and the third hole;

[0020] The first hole is filled with 1.8-2.2 L of water, the second hole is filled with 2.5-2.8 L of water, and the third hole is filled with 3.0-3.5 L of water.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, when sealing the orifice, quick-drying cement or sealing material is used to seal the area around the orifice. The quick-drying cement or sealing material is evenly applied to the orifice and around the obstruction to form a sealing layer to ensure that the expansion force generated by the breaker does not leak from the orifice.

[0022] After the orifice is sealed, a rubber blanket is covered on the sealing layer to prevent the occurrence of spray holes during the reagent reaction process and cause injuries to people.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape, which can make the expansion force of different types of crushing agents more evenly distributed and achieve better crushing effect.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, when drilling, the drilling angle is tilted downward by 3° to prevent the breaker from sliding out of the hole and to facilitate water injection and storage.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the fast-reaction type breaker, the medium-reaction type breaker, and the slow-reaction type breaker are all packaged in sections using a soluble PVA shell, and are completely degraded within 5 minutes after contacting water.

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, by placing crushing agents with different reaction speeds in holes at different positions, the pressure gradient is increased, the controllability of the crack expansion rate is improved, the crushing efficiency is significantly improved, the construction energy consumption is reduced, the impact on the surrounding environment is minimized, and the rock crushing effect is achieved safely and accurately.

[0027] The crushing agent in the outer circle of the rock mass reacts earlier than that inside the rock mass, forming initial cracks, which can reduce the compressive stress inside the rock mass and improve the crushing effect inside the rock mass. The medium-speed reaction crushing agent is used to expand the initial cracks, and the slow-reaction crushing agent can control the crushing boundary and achieve precise crushing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of step construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of hole distribution during construction of the upper steps according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the crushing agent is loaded into the hole in this embodiment.

[0032] In the figure,

[0033] 10. Holes; 20. Breaking agent; 30. Sealing material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "transverse", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly specify the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] As attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, taking the excavation of 4200mm wide and 2000mm thick moderately weathered granite as an example, the stone excavation construction method based on differentiated silent crushing agents is explained, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0039] In the early stage, it is necessary to understand the geological conditions, rock properties, and the degree of development of joints and fissures of the stonework in order to determine a reasonable hole layout design. The hole depth should be determined according to the thickness of the stonework and the crushing requirements. Generally speaking, the hole depth should be 90%-100% of the thickness of the stonework to be broken. For thinner stonework, the hole depth can be appropriately reduced, but should not be less than 50% of the stonework thickness. For thicker stonework, a layered hole layout method can be adopted, and the hole depth of each layer can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This embodiment adopts the step method for layered hole layout, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the holes are arranged in two layers, the upper and lower layers are constructed respectively, the upper layer height and the lower layer height H are both 2000mm, the hole depth L of the hole 10 is 2000mm, the hole diameter is 40mm, and the drilling angle is 3° downward in the horizontal direction. The arrow in the figure shows the excavation direction.

[0040] like Figure 2 The following shows the arrangement of holes during the construction of the upper layer. There are two rows of holes 10. The first row of holes is drilled at the bottom of the upper layer, i.e., in the middle of the rock block, from the upper surface of the rock block to 2000mm inside. The holes are numbered 11# to 21#. The second row of holes is set at a height of 1000mm, i.e., in the middle of the rock block. The holes are numbered 1# to 10#. The spacing between the holes is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2 As shown, the layout principle is: first arrange the first row of holes, the spacing D1 between 15# and 16#, 16# and 17# in the middle position is 300mm, and the hole spacing gradually increases towards the outside. The spacing D2 between 13# and 14#, 14# and 15#, 17# and 18#, and 18# and 19# is 400mm. The maximum hole spacing between 11# and 12#, 12# and 13#, 19# and 20#, and 20# and 21# is D3, which is 500mm.

[0041] Then arrange the second row of holes. The second row of holes is set between the first row of holes in a plum blossom shape, as shown in the figure. 1# is between 11# and 12#, 2# is between 12# and 13#, and so on. 10# is between 20# and 21#. In the second row of holes, the spacing D4 between 5# and 6# in the middle position is 300mm, and the spacing between the holes increases toward the outside. The spacing D5 between 4# and 5#, 6# and 7# is 350mm, the spacing D6 between 3# and 4#, 7# and 8# is 400mm, the spacing D7 between 2# and 3#, 8# and 9# is 450mm, and the spacing D8 between 1# and 2#, 9# and 10# is 500mm.

[0042] Each row of holes 10 is arranged symmetrically to make the expansion force distribution more reasonable, avoid weak parts such as cracks and weak interlayers in the stone as much as possible, and prevent the expansion force of the silent breaker from being released prematurely.

[0043] Use a surveying instrument (such as a total station or GPS) to accurately measure and locate the drill hole. Mark the center point and outline of the hole on the ground. Select an appropriate drill bit and drill rod based on the designed hole diameter and depth. Install the drill bit on the drill rod and tighten the connecting bolts. Start the drilling equipment, slowly align the drill bit with the hole location, and begin drilling. During the drilling process, control the drilling speed and pressure to avoid excessively fast or slow drilling, which can lead to poor hole quality or equipment damage.

[0044] As the hole deepens, the rock debris and debris inside should be promptly removed to keep it clean. This can be done with a high-pressure water gun or air compressor. When the hole reaches the designed depth, stop drilling and remove the drill bit from the hole. Inspect the hole to ensure that parameters such as diameter, depth, and verticality meet the design requirements. The hole wall should be smooth, free of obvious cracks and defects. Avoid drilling in weak areas, cracks, or areas with dense rebar to prevent compromising crushing efficiency and safety. Any non-compliance should be corrected promptly.

[0045] To achieve precise crushing, the outer ring of the stone is designed to be crushed earlier than the inner ring to reduce the compressive stress of the inner ring. Based on the position of the holes in the stone, in this embodiment, since the second row of holes is close to the surface of the stone, holes 1#, 2#, and 3# near the left edge and holes 8#, 9#, and 10# near the right edge of the second row of holes near the stone surface are used as the first holes, and a fast-reacting crushing agent is loaded inside them.

[0046] The first row of holes 11#, 12#, 13# on the left side, 19#, 20#, 21# on the right side, and the second row of holes 4#, 5#, 6#, 7# in the middle, close to the surface of the stone, are used as the second holes, and medium-speed reaction type crushing agents are placed inside them;

[0047] The 14#, 15#, 16#, 17# and 18# holes in the middle of the first row inside the stone are used as the third holes, and slow-reaction crushing agents are loaded into them.

[0048] In this embodiment, the fast-reacting breaker has a reaction time of 2-4 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 88-92% calcium oxide, 1-3% calcium chloride, 0.5-1.5% aluminum powder, and 5-8% silicate cement, wherein calcium chloride serves as a coagulant and aluminum powder serves as a reinforcing agent. The medium-reacting breaker has a reaction time of 5-6 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 85-88% calcium oxide, 8-12% sulfoaluminate cement, 0.2-0.5% borax, and 0.1-0.3% cellulose ether, wherein borax serves as a retarder. The slow-reacting breaker has a reaction time of 7-8 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 75-80% calcium oxide, 1-2% calcium stearate, 15-20% magnesium oxide, and 3-5% zeolite powder, wherein calcium stearate serves as a retarder.

[0049] Accurately control the ratio of silent cracking agent to water and mix strictly according to product requirements to ensure uniform slurry and stable performance. The mixing time should be sufficient to fully hydrate the silent cracking agent and improve its expansion performance.

[0050] Fast-reaction breakers, medium-reaction breakers, and slow-reaction breakers are all packaged in sections with soluble PVA shells. They degrade completely within 5 minutes after contact with water and are made into cylinders with a diameter of 30mm and a length of 200mm. The prepared breaker slurry is quickly filled into the borehole to avoid prolonged exposure to air, which may affect its performance. Figure 3 As shown, a bamboo-like filling method is used to completely fill the corresponding holes. The crushing agent 20 is manually inserted into the hole 10 in sections using a 2m plastic glue stick. Water is injected in the order of the first, second, and third holes. The first hole is filled with 1.8-2.2L of water to quickly activate the CaO hydration reaction, the second hole is filled with 2.5-2.8L of water to maintain a sustained reaction rate, and the third hole is filled with 3.0-3.5L of water, using a slow, percolating injection to prolong the reaction duration. Water is injected until water returns to the hole mouth to ensure the capsule softens and the crushing agent fully reacts with the water. The injection pressure and speed are controlled to ensure that the slurry fully fills the borehole, eliminating voids and bubbles. Observe any changes in the crushed object during the injection process. If any abnormalities are detected, grouting should be stopped and appropriate measures should be taken.

[0051] After water injection, use quick-drying cement or sealing material 30 to seal the area around the orifice. Apply the sealing material 30 evenly around the orifice and the obstruction to form a sealing layer, ensuring that the expansion force generated by the breaker does not leak out of the orifice. The sealing material can be applied multiple times to enhance the sealing effect.

[0052] After the breaker is injected into the hole, clear warning signs should be immediately set up around the construction area and a rubber mat should be placed over the hole to prevent injury from spraying during the breaker reaction. During the maintenance period, the rock changes should be closely observed. Initially, no noticeable changes may be seen, but over time, fine cracks will gradually appear on the rock surface. These cracks will gradually expand, and a slight cracking sound may be heard. Fast-reacting breakers create the initial cracks, medium-reacting breakers control the expansion of the initial cracks, and slow-reacting breakers control the crushing boundary.

[0053] After the rocks are cracked, the rocks with a diameter less than 50cm can be directly loaded onto trucks for transportation. The rocks with a diameter greater than 50cm can be simply split by a breaker or excavator before being transported. After the cleaning is completed, the next layer of rock blasting construction can be carried out.

[0054] A high-mast mist cannon is used throughout the rock drilling process to reduce dust generation. During crushing operations, a dust-proof canopy is placed over the foundation pit to prevent dust from spreading. A dedicated person is assigned to regularly clean the construction site and surrounding area to promptly remove accumulated dust.

[0055] Based on the above technical solution, by placing crushing agents with different reaction speeds in holes at different positions, the pressure gradient is increased, the controllability of the crack expansion rate is improved, the crushing efficiency is significantly improved, the construction energy consumption is reduced, the impact on the surrounding environment is minimized, and the rock crushing effect is achieved safely and accurately.

[0056] The crushing agent in the outer circle of the rock mass reacts earlier than that inside the rock mass, forming initial cracks, which can reduce the compressive stress inside the rock mass and improve the crushing effect inside the rock mass. The medium-speed reaction crushing agent is used to expand the initial cracks, and the slow-reaction crushing agent can control the crushing boundary and achieve precise crushing.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0058] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, persons skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention may still be modified or some technical features may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of these should fall within the scope of the technical solutions claimed for protection by the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless crushing agent, characterized by: The steps include: Hole layout design: Multiple rows of holes are designed on the stone cross section, with the spacing of each row of holes increasing from the middle to the edges on both sides; Drilling and blowing holes: Choose a suitable drill bit, drill holes according to the hole layout, and blow holes to clean them in time; Charge: The holes located on both sides of the stone and close to the stone surface are the first holes, and the first holes are filled with fast-reaction crushing agents. The holes close to the stone surface and in the middle, or the holes located inside the stone and close to both sides of the stone are the second holes, and the second holes are filled with medium-speed reaction crushing agents. The holes located inside the stone near the middle are the third holes, and the third holes are filled with slow-reaction crushing agents. Sealing holes and waiting for cracking: After all holes are charged, an appropriate amount of water is injected into the holes, and then the area around the hole openings is sealed, waiting for the fast-reaction breaker, the medium-reaction breaker, and the slow-reaction breaker to react in sequence. The fast-reaction breaker generates initial cracks, the medium-reaction breaker expands the initial cracks, and the slow-reaction breaker controls the cracking boundary. Excavation: After the reaction of the slow-reacting breaker is completed, excavation is carried out and the slag is loaded onto trucks for transportation.

2. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless crushing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent holes is D, 20cm≤D≤50cm.

3. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless cracking agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fast-reaction breaker has a reaction time of 2-4 hours and includes the following components in weight percentage: 88-92% calcium oxide, 1-3% calcium chloride, 0.5-1.5% aluminum powder, and 5-8% Portland cement.

4. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless cracking agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-speed reaction type breaker has a reaction time of 5-6 hours and comprises the following components in weight percentage: 85-88% calcium oxide, 8-12% sulphoaluminate cement, 0.2-0.5% borax, and 0.1-0.3% cellulose ether.

5. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless crushing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slow-reaction type breaker has a reaction time of 7-8 hours and comprises the following components in weight percentage: 75-80% calcium oxide, 1-2% calcium stearate, 15-20% magnesium oxide, and 3-5% zeolite powder.

6. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless crushing agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When injecting water into the holes, the water is injected in the order of the first hole, the second hole, and the third hole; The first hole is filled with 1.8-2.2 L of water, the second hole is filled with 2.5-2.8 L of water, and the third hole is filled with 3.0-3.5 L of water.

7. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless cracking agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When sealing the orifice, use quick-drying cement or sealing material to seal around the orifice. Apply the quick-drying cement or sealing material evenly around the orifice and the obstruction to form a sealing layer to ensure that the expansion force generated by the breaker will not leak from the orifice. After the orifice is sealed, a rubber blanket is covered on top of the sealing layer.

8. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless cracking agent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape, so that the expansion forces of different types of crushing agents are distributed more evenly.

9. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless crushing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: When drilling, the drilling angle should be tilted downward by 3° to prevent the breaker from slipping out of the hole.

10. The rock excavation construction method based on differentiated soundless cracking agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fast-reaction type breaker, the medium-reaction type breaker, and the slow-reaction type breaker are all packaged in sections using a soluble PVA shell and are completely degraded within 5 minutes after contacting water.

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