Wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method, device and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention discloses a design method, device and storage medium for a wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array, which relates to the field of antenna pulse technology. According to the hemispherical array field of view angle expansion constraint and the dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix, the array unit distribution density and the surface curvature target parameters are calculated to generate a three-dimensional array model with different curvature radii. The parameters are imported to calculate the array curvature radius, a graphene metasurface parameter set and a liquid crystal layer parameter set are established, an array model with different unit spacing is generated, a unit spacing set is obtained by fitting calculation, an array model is generated using the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameters, a beam scanning range is fitted and calculated, a scanning range set is obtained, the optimal arrangement and number of array units are calculated according to the scanning range set and the distribution density target parameters, and the installation points of the multi-physical field control module are determined to form an integrated structure. The method solves the problems of difficulty in taking into account the dual-band characteristics, inaccurate parameter determination and low integration of multi-physical field control during wide-angle scanning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna pulse technology, and more specifically, to a design method, device and storage medium for a wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array. Background Art

[0002] In the current cutting-edge field of electronic engineering technology, traditional array antenna design methods have exposed many limitations when faced with complex and ever-changing communication and detection scenarios. In wide-angle scanning applications, array antennas need to take into account the electromagnetic characteristics of both the terahertz and microwave bands. However, existing technologies have difficulty accurately constructing the dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix, resulting in irrational determination of the array element distribution density and surface curvature parameters, limiting the scanning range. From the perspective of the mechanical properties of flexible substrates, existing designs often ignore the inherent relationship between their elastic modulus, thickness, and maximum allowable stress, making it impossible to accurately calculate the minimum curvature radius, resulting in poor mechanical structural stability when achieving wide-field-of-view scanning. Existing technologies lack effective fitting calculation methods for determining array element spacing, making it difficult to obtain the optimal element spacing while ensuring dual-band isolation and control efficiency. There are also systemic deficiencies in calculating the optimal arrangement and number of array elements, making it difficult to achieve optimal array performance. Furthermore, the integrated design of multi-physics field control modules and array elements is even more challenging. Existing control methods cannot achieve efficient and dynamic beam control and cannot meet the needs of rapid beam steering in complex environments.

[0003] Existing technologies make it difficult to determine the array unit distribution density and surface curvature parameters, and are unable to calculate the unit spacing that meets dual-band isolation and control efficiency. There is a lack of optimal arrangement methods and quantity calculation methods, and the multi-physical field control module has low integration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems of existing technologies such as difficulty in determining array unit distribution density and surface curvature parameters, inability to calculate unit spacing that meets dual-band isolation and control efficiency, lack of optimal arrangement mode and quantity calculation method, and low integration of multi-physical field control modules, the present invention discloses a wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method, equipment and storage medium that can effectively solve the above technical problems.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method includes the following steps:

[0007] According to the hemispherical array field of view expansion constraint conditions and the dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix, the target parameters of array element distribution density and surface curvature are calculated;

[0008] generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models with different curvature radii, importing surface curvature target parameters and field of view angle constraints into each of the models, and calculating the curvature radius of the array;

[0009] Establish graphene metasurface parameter set and liquid crystal layer parameter set

[0010] Generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings based on the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing dual-band isolation target parameters and control efficiency constraints into each of the models, and obtaining a unit spacing set through fitting calculation;

[0011] Generate a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, calculate the beam scanning range by fitting, and obtain a scanning range set;

[0012] Calculating the optimal arrangement and number of array units according to the scanning range set and the distribution density target parameter;

[0013] The installation points of the multi-physics field control modules are determined according to the optimal arrangement and quantity, wherein the control modules and the array units form an integrated structure.

[0014] Preferably, the calculation of the distribution density target parameter and the surface curvature target parameter of the array unit comprises the following steps:

[0015] Construct a dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix at different frequencies;

[0016] Drawing radiation patterns of the electromagnetic characteristic matrix with respect to the terahertz frequency band and the microwave frequency band respectively;

[0017] Combined with the field of view angle constraint condition, the gain change curves of the radiation pattern within the range of ±120° are fitted respectively;

[0018] Calculate the minimum achievable curvature radius based on the mechanical performance limit of the flexible substrate;

[0019] Setting a redundancy coefficient, and calculating a distribution density target parameter and a surface curvature target parameter according to the redundancy coefficient, the minimum curvature radius, and the slope of the gain change curve;

[0020] The minimum curvature radius satisfies:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, is the elastic modulus of the flexible substrate, t is the thickness of the substrate, is the maximum allowable stress of the material.

[0023] Preferably, the calculation of the curvature radius of the array comprises the following steps:

[0024] Get the target field of view angle range;

[0025] Assign fixed values ​​to the array element size and spacing, and assign several values ​​to the curvature radius;

[0026] generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models according to the unit size, spacing and a plurality of curvature radii;

[0027] Performing electromagnetic simulation on each of the models in combination with the target field of view angle range to obtain a number of radiation patterns;

[0028] Establishing a relationship curve between field angle coverage and curvature radius according to each of the radiation patterns and the surface curvature target parameter, and calculating the slope of the relationship curve;

[0029] Calculating an optimal curvature radius according to the slope and the target parameter;

[0030] The optimal curvature radius satisfies:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, is the target field of view angle, is the slope of the curve of the relationship between field angle coverage and curvature radius, is the number of array elements.

[0033] Preferably, establishing the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set comprises the following steps:

[0034] Set the range of the graphene patch's aspect ratio;

[0035] Setting the thickness variation range of the liquid crystal layer;

[0036] Combined with the electromagnetic simulation results, the optimal combination of each patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness is determined within the variation range, and a set is established.

[0037] Preferably, generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings according to the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing the dual-band isolation target parameters and the control efficiency constraint conditions into each of the models, and obtaining the unit spacing set by fitting calculation includes:

[0038] Select a set of graphene patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness as the current parameters and adjust the target isolation;

[0039] Assign several unit spacing values ​​and generate several array models;

[0040] A dual-band excitation source is introduced into each of the models to perform full-wave electromagnetic simulation to obtain the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings;

[0041] According to the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings, a relationship curve between isolation and unit spacing is established, and the slope of the curve is calculated;

[0042] According to the formula: ;

[0043] Calculate the optimal cell spacing corresponding to the current parameters, where is the shortest operating wavelength, is the slope of the isolation versus cell spacing curve, is the degree of isolation;

[0044] Repeat the above steps until the optimal cell spacing for all parameter combinations is obtained and a cell spacing set is established.

[0045] Preferably, generating a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, fitting and calculating the beam scanning range, and obtaining the scanning range set comprises the following steps:

[0046] Retrieving a set of corresponding unit spacings and surface curvatures to generate an array model;

[0047] Importing the beam weight parameters calculated by the Transformer model into the model, performing a finite-difference time-domain simulation, and obtaining the beam scanning range;

[0048] Repeat the above steps until the beam scanning ranges of all parameter combinations are obtained;

[0049] All scan ranges are grouped into the same set to obtain a scan range set;

[0050] The calculation of the optimal arrangement and number of array units comprises the following steps:

[0051] Retrieving the scanning range set to obtain the maximum scanning range;

[0052] Extracting the corresponding optimal cell spacing from the cell spacing set according to the maximum scanning range;

[0053] Calculating a spherical triangular grid arrangement of array elements according to the optimal unit spacing and the surface curvature target parameter;

[0054] The total number of array units required is calculated according to the distribution density target parameter and the arrangement mode.

[0055] Preferably, the multi-physics field control module includes a magnetic field control unit, a surface acoustic wave modulation unit and a thermally induced phase change unit, wherein:

[0056] The magnetic field control unit uses a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array to generate a gradient magnetic field to assist the alignment of liquid crystal molecules;

[0057] The surface acoustic wave modulation unit integrates an interdigital transducer at the bottom of the substrate, and realizes dynamic beam fine-tuning by disturbing the liquid crystal through acoustic waves;

[0058] The thermotropic phase change unit embeds VO2 phase change material at key nodes and optimizes the dielectric properties of liquid crystal through local temperature control.

[0059] Preferably, the collaborative workflow of the multi-physics field control module includes:

[0060] Calculate the required liquid crystal molecule rotation angle based on the beam direction predicted by the Transformer model;

[0061] Determining initial values ​​of magnetic field strength and direction according to the rotation angle;

[0062] Start the surface acoustic wave modulation unit to complete the initial orientation adjustment of the liquid crystal molecules;

[0063] The temperature of the local area is controlled based on the thermotropic phase change unit to optimize the response speed of the liquid crystal;

[0064] Through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, multi-physics field parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that beam steering is completed within the set time.

[0065] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory. When the program is executed by the processor, the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method described above is implemented.

[0066] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method, device, and storage medium of the present invention effectively solve many difficult problems in the prior art. First, by constructing a dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix and combining it with the field of view angle constraint, the distribution density and surface curvature parameters of the array units are accurately fitted to ensure the electromagnetic performance of the array during wide-angle scanning. Secondly, by utilizing the graphene metasurface and liquid crystal layer parameter set, multiple unit spacing models are generated and full-wave electromagnetic simulation is performed to accurately calculate the optimal unit spacing that meets the dual-band isolation and control efficiency. Thirdly, the beam scanning range set is obtained through time-domain finite-difference simulation. Based on this, combined with the distribution density parameters, a spherical triangular grid arrangement algorithm is used to systematically determine the optimal arrangement and number of array units, thereby improving the design accuracy and efficiency of the array. Finally, the magnetic field control, surface acoustic wave modulation, and thermally induced phase change units are organically combined to form a multi-physics field control module, which is integrated with the array units to improve the integration of the control module and the response speed of beam steering, thereby realizing efficient dynamic control of the array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary. For ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived based on the provided drawings without any creative work.

[0069] Figure 1 This is a step diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this patent;

[0071] In order to better illustrate this embodiment, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size;

[0072] It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and descriptions thereof may be omitted in the drawings.

[0073] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0074] Example

[0075] A wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method includes the following steps:

[0076] According to the hemispherical array field of view expansion constraint conditions and the dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix, the target parameters of array element distribution density and surface curvature are calculated;

[0077] generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models with different curvature radii, importing surface curvature target parameters and field of view angle constraints into each of the models, and calculating the curvature radius of the array;

[0078] Establish graphene metasurface parameter set and liquid crystal layer parameter set

[0079] Generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings based on the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing dual-band isolation target parameters and control efficiency constraints into each of the models, and obtaining a unit spacing set through fitting calculation;

[0080] Generate a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, calculate the beam scanning range by fitting, and obtain a scanning range set;

[0081] Calculating the optimal arrangement and number of array units according to the scanning range set and the distribution density target parameter;

[0082] The installation points of the multi-physics field control modules are determined according to the optimal arrangement and quantity, wherein the control modules and the array units form an integrated structure.

[0083] The calculation of the distribution density target parameter and the surface curvature target parameter of the array unit includes the following steps:

[0084] Construct a dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix at different frequencies;

[0085] Drawing radiation patterns of the electromagnetic characteristic matrix with respect to the terahertz frequency band and the microwave frequency band respectively;

[0086] Combined with the field of view angle constraint condition, the gain change curves of the radiation pattern within the range of ±120° are fitted respectively;

[0087] Calculate the minimum achievable curvature radius based on the mechanical performance limit of the flexible substrate;

[0088] Setting a redundancy coefficient, and calculating a distribution density target parameter and a surface curvature target parameter according to the redundancy coefficient, the minimum curvature radius, and the slope of the gain change curve;

[0089] The minimum curvature radius satisfies:

[0090] ;

[0091] in, is the elastic modulus of the flexible substrate, t is the thickness of the substrate, is the maximum allowable stress of the material.

[0092] The calculation of the curvature radius of the array comprises the following steps:

[0093] Get the target field of view angle range;

[0094] Assign fixed values ​​to the array element size and spacing, and assign several values ​​to the curvature radius;

[0095] generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models according to the unit size, spacing and a plurality of curvature radii;

[0096] Performing electromagnetic simulation on each of the models in combination with the target field of view angle range to obtain a number of radiation patterns;

[0097] Establishing a relationship curve between field angle coverage and curvature radius according to each of the radiation patterns and the surface curvature target parameter, and calculating the slope of the relationship curve;

[0098] Calculating an optimal curvature radius according to the slope and the target parameter;

[0099] The optimal curvature radius satisfies:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, is the target field of view angle, is the slope of the curve of the relationship between field angle coverage and curvature radius, is the number of array elements.

[0102] The establishing of the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set comprises the following steps:

[0103] Set the range of the graphene patch's aspect ratio;

[0104] Setting the thickness variation range of the liquid crystal layer;

[0105] Combined with the electromagnetic simulation results, the optimal combination of each patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness is determined within the variation range, and a set is established.

[0106] Generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings based on the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing dual-band isolation target parameters and control efficiency constraints into each of the models, and obtaining the unit spacing set through fitting calculation includes:

[0107] Select a set of graphene patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness as the current parameters and adjust the target isolation;

[0108] Assign several unit spacing values ​​and generate several array models;

[0109] A dual-band excitation source is introduced into each of the models to perform full-wave electromagnetic simulation to obtain the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings;

[0110] According to the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings, a relationship curve between isolation and unit spacing is established, and the slope of the curve is calculated;

[0111] According to the formula: ;

[0112] Calculate the optimal cell spacing corresponding to the current parameters, where is the shortest operating wavelength, is the slope of the isolation versus cell spacing curve, is the degree of isolation;

[0113] Repeat the above steps until the optimal cell spacing for all parameter combinations is obtained and a cell spacing set is established.

[0114] Generating a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, fitting and calculating the beam scanning range, and obtaining the scanning range set comprises the following steps:

[0115] Retrieving a set of corresponding unit spacings and surface curvatures to generate an array model;

[0116] Importing the beam weight parameters calculated by the Transformer model into the model, performing a finite-difference time-domain simulation, and obtaining the beam scanning range;

[0117] Repeat the above steps until the beam scanning ranges of all parameter combinations are obtained;

[0118] All scan ranges are grouped into the same set to obtain a scan range set;

[0119] The calculation of the optimal arrangement and number of array units comprises the following steps:

[0120] Retrieving the scanning range set to obtain the maximum scanning range;

[0121] Extracting the corresponding optimal cell spacing from the cell spacing set according to the maximum scanning range;

[0122] Calculating a spherical triangular grid arrangement of array elements according to the optimal unit spacing and the surface curvature target parameter;

[0123] The total number of array units required is calculated according to the distribution density target parameter and the arrangement mode.

[0124] The multi-physics field control module includes a magnetic field control unit, a surface acoustic wave modulation unit and a thermally induced phase change unit, wherein:

[0125] The magnetic field control unit uses a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array to generate a gradient magnetic field to assist the alignment of liquid crystal molecules;

[0126] The surface acoustic wave modulation unit integrates an interdigital transducer at the bottom of the substrate, and realizes dynamic beam fine-tuning by disturbing the liquid crystal through acoustic waves;

[0127] The thermotropic phase change unit embeds VO2 phase change material at key nodes and optimizes the dielectric properties of liquid crystal through local temperature control.

[0128] The collaborative workflow of the multi-physics field control module includes:

[0129] Calculate the required liquid crystal molecule rotation angle based on the beam direction predicted by the Transformer model;

[0130] Determining initial values ​​of magnetic field strength and direction according to the rotation angle;

[0131] Start the surface acoustic wave modulation unit to complete the initial orientation adjustment of the liquid crystal molecules;

[0132] The temperature of the local area is controlled based on the thermotropic phase change unit to optimize the response speed of the liquid crystal;

[0133] Through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, multi-physics field parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that beam steering is completed within the set time.

[0134] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory. When the program is executed by the processor, the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method described above is implemented.

[0135] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method.

[0136] In the specific implementation, please refer to Figure 1 , calculate the target parameters of the distribution density and surface curvature of the array elements:

[0137] Select typical frequency points of terahertz frequency bands, such as 0.1-1THz, and microwave frequency bands, such as 2-4GHz, and simulate a single array unit through electromagnetic simulation software, such as HFSS and CST, to obtain electromagnetic characteristic data such as scattering parameters (S parameters) at different frequencies, and construct an electromagnetic characteristic matrix.

[0138] Based on the above electromagnetic characteristic matrix, radiation patterns in the terahertz and microwave bands are drawn using pattern drawing tools such as MATLAB and Origin to observe the radiation characteristics of the array units at different frequencies.

[0139] Combined with the constraint of ±120° field of view of the hemispherical array, the gain data within the range of ±120° is extracted from the radiation pattern. The gain variation curve is fitted by polynomial fitting and other methods to obtain the functional relationship between gain and angle.

[0140] According to the mechanical property limit of the flexible substrate, such as elastic modulus, it is assumed to be E, substrate thickness t and the maximum allowable stress of the material , using mechanical formulas to calculate the minimum achievable curvature radius , the formula is .

[0141] The redundancy coefficient is set to 1.2. Combining the redundancy coefficient, the minimum curvature radius, and the slope of the gain change curve, the optimization algorithm is used to calculate the distribution density target parameters, such as the number of array elements per unit area, and the surface curvature target parameters, such as the curvature radius range of the surface.

[0142] Generate a 3D array model and calculate the curvature radius of the array:

[0143] Determine the target field of view angle range that the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array needs to cover, for example, ±120°.

[0144] Assign fixed values ​​to the array unit size d and spacing s, such as d = 5mm, s = 6mm; assign several values ​​to the curvature radius, such as R1 = 50mm, R2 = 100mm, R3 = 150mm, etc.

[0145] Utilize 3D modeling software, such as SolidWorks, CAD, etc., to generate several 3D array models with different curvature radii according to the above parameters. The models include the geometric shapes and arrangement of the array units.

[0146] The generated three-dimensional array model is imported into the electromagnetic simulation software, and electromagnetic simulation is performed in combination with the target field of view angle range to obtain the radiation pattern of each model within the target frequency band.

[0147] Based on the radiation pattern and surface curvature target parameters of each model, the field of view angle coverage of each model within the target field of view angle range is calculated, and a relationship curve between the field of view angle coverage and the curvature radius is established, and the slope of the curve is calculated. Then, based on the slope and the surface curvature target parameters, the optimal curvature radius Ropt is calculated using an optimization algorithm, which satisfies the formula: ,in is the target field of view angle, is the slope of the curve of the relationship between field of view angle coverage and curvature radius, and N is the number of array elements.

[0148] Establish graphene metasurface parameter set and liquid crystal layer parameter set:

[0149] The aspect ratio of the graphene patch is set to vary in the range of 1-3, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is set to vary in the range of 1-10 μm.

[0150] Electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate combinations of graphene patches with different aspect ratios and liquid crystal layers of different thicknesses, and their electromagnetic properties and impact on wide-angle scanning performance are analyzed. The optimal combination of each patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness is determined within a variable range, and a graphene metasurface parameter set (including patch sizes with different aspect ratios) and a liquid crystal layer parameter set (including liquid crystal layer parameters with different thicknesses) are established.

[0151] Generate array models with different unit spacings and fit the calculation to obtain the unit spacing set:

[0152] A set of graphene patch sizes, such as an aspect ratio of 2 and a liquid crystal layer thickness, such as 5 μm, are selected from the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set as current parameters, and a target isolation, such as -20 dB, is retrieved.

[0153] Assign several unit spacing values, such as s1 = 4mm, s2 = 5mm, s3 = 6mm, etc., and generate several array models.

[0154] Dual-band excitation sources (terahertz band and microwave band) were introduced into each model to perform full-wave electromagnetic simulation and obtain isolation and control efficiency data under different unit spacings.

[0155] According to the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacing, the relationship curve between isolation and unit spacing is established, and the slope of the curve is calculated; then according to the formula: ;

[0156] in is the shortest operating wavelength, The slope of the isolation-to-cell spacing curve is used to calculate the optimal cell spacing corresponding to the current parameters. The above steps are repeated until the optimal cell spacing for all parameter combinations is obtained, and a cell spacing set is established.

[0157] Generate an array model and fit the calculated beam scanning range to obtain the scanning range set:

[0158] A set of corresponding unit spacings and surface curvatures, such as s = 5mm and R = 100mm, is retrieved from the unit spacing set to generate an array model. The model includes the geometric structure and arrangement of the array units, as well as the parameters of the graphene metasurface and liquid crystal layer.

[0159] Import the beam weight parameters calculated by the Transformer model into the model, and use the finite-difference time-domain simulation method, such as FDTD, to simulate the model to obtain the beam scanning range, including parameters such as the beam deflection angle and scanning accuracy in different directions.

[0160] Repeat the above steps until the beam scanning ranges of all parameter combinations are obtained; all scanning ranges are grouped into the same set to obtain a scanning range set.

[0161] Calculate the optimal arrangement and number of array elements:

[0162] Retrieve the maximum scanning range value from the scanning range set, such as ±110°.

[0163] According to the maximum scanning range, the corresponding optimal cell spacing is extracted from the cell spacing set, such as = 5.5mm.

[0164] Based on the optimal unit spacing and surface curvature target parameters, such as R = 100mm, the spherical triangular meshing algorithm is used to calculate the spherical triangular mesh arrangement of the array elements and determine the position coordinates of each array element in the spherical coordinate system. Based on the distribution density target parameters, such as the number of array elements per unit area of ​​10 / cm² and the arrangement method, combined with the surface area of ​​the sphere, the total number of array elements required, such as N = 1000, is calculated.

[0165] Determine the installation location of the multi-physics field control module:

[0166] Based on the optimal arrangement and number of array units, the electromagnetic characteristics and mechanical structure of the array are analyzed, and the installation points of the multi-physics field control modules, including the magnetic field control unit, the surface acoustic wave modulation unit and the thermoinduced phase change unit, are determined to ensure that the control module and the array unit form an integrated structure without affecting the overall performance of the array. For example, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array is installed at a specific position of the array as a magnetic field control unit to generate a gradient magnetic field to assist the orientation of liquid crystal molecules; an interdigitated transducer is integrated at the bottom of the substrate as a surface acoustic wave modulation unit to disturb the liquid crystal through acoustic waves and realize dynamic beam fine-tuning; VO2 phase change material is embedded at key nodes as a thermoinduced phase change unit to optimize the dielectric properties of the liquid crystal through local temperature control.

[0167] Collaborative workflow of the multi-physics control module:

[0168] Based on the beam direction predicted by the Transformer model and combined with the geometric structure and electromagnetic properties of the array, the required liquid crystal molecule rotation angle is calculated to achieve the desired beam deflection.

[0169] According to the rotation angle, the control algorithm of the magnetic field control unit determines the initial values ​​of the magnetic field strength and direction generated by the NdFeB permanent magnet array, providing an initial orientation field for the liquid crystal molecules.

[0170] The surface acoustic wave modulation unit is activated, and the interdigital transducer generates sound waves. The sound waves propagate in the substrate and act on the liquid crystal, making preliminary orientation adjustments to the liquid crystal molecules, so that the liquid crystal molecules respond quickly under the action of the sound waves and partially achieve the expected orientation state.

[0171] Based on the thermotropic phase change unit, the temperature of the local area is controlled. By controlling the temperature of the VO2 phase change material, a metal-insulator phase transition occurs, thereby changing the dielectric properties of the liquid crystal and further optimizing the orientation state and response speed of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0172] Through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, the scanning status of the beam and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules are monitored in real time. Based on the feedback signal, multiple physical field parameters such as magnetic field strength, sound wave frequency and amplitude, and temperature are adjusted in real time to ensure that the beam steering is completed within the set time, such as 1ms, to achieve accurate wide-angle scanning effects.

[0173] The electronic device includes a processor, such as a high-performance processor such as an Intel Core i7 or AMD Ryzen 7, a memory, such as 16GB or more of DDR4 memory, and a program stored in the memory. When the program is executed by the processor, it can implement each step of the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method, including parameter calculation, model generation, simulation analysis, optimization design, and other operations, providing a design platform for designers.

[0174] A computer program for the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method is stored on a computer-readable storage medium such as a USB flash drive, a CD, or a hard disk. When the program is installed on a computer with the appropriate hardware configuration and executed by a processor, the computer can complete the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design according to the program's instructions, achieving fully automated design from parameter input to final design output. In actual applications, the above parameters and processes can be appropriately adjusted and optimized based on specific design requirements and equipment conditions to obtain the optimal wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design solution.

[0175] The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components;

[0176] The terms used in the drawings to describe positional relationships are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting this patent;

[0177] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the hemispherical array field of view expansion constraint conditions and the dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix, the target parameters of array element distribution density and surface curvature are calculated; generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models with different curvature radii, importing surface curvature target parameters and field of view angle constraints into each of the models, and calculating the curvature radius of the array; Establish graphene metasurface parameter set and liquid crystal layer parameter set Generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings based on the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing dual-band isolation target parameters and control efficiency constraints into each of the models, and obtaining a unit spacing set through fitting calculation; Generate a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, calculate the beam scanning range by fitting, and obtain a scanning range set; Calculating the optimal arrangement and number of array units according to the scanning range set and the distribution density target parameter; Determining the installation locations of the multi-physics field control modules according to the optimal arrangement and quantity, wherein the control modules and the array units form an integrated structure; The calculation of the distribution density target parameter and the surface curvature target parameter of the array unit includes the following steps: Construct a dual-band electromagnetic characteristic matrix at different frequencies; Drawing radiation patterns of the electromagnetic characteristic matrix with respect to the terahertz frequency band and the microwave frequency band respectively; Combined with the field of view angle constraint condition, the gain change curves of the radiation pattern within the range of ±120° are fitted respectively; Calculate the minimum achievable curvature radius based on the mechanical performance limit of the flexible substrate; Setting a redundancy coefficient, and calculating a distribution density target parameter and a surface curvature target parameter according to the redundancy coefficient, the minimum curvature radius, and the slope of the gain change curve; The calculation of the curvature radius of the array comprises the following steps: Get the target field of view angle range; Assign fixed values ​​to the array element size and spacing, and assign several values ​​to the curvature radius; generating a plurality of three-dimensional array models according to the unit size, spacing and a plurality of curvature radii; Performing electromagnetic simulation on each of the models in combination with the target field of view angle range to obtain a number of radiation patterns; Establishing a relationship curve between field angle coverage and curvature radius according to each of the radiation patterns and the surface curvature target parameter, and calculating the slope of the relationship curve; An optimal curvature radius is calculated according to the slope and the target parameter.

2. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum curvature radius satisfies: ； in, is the elastic modulus of the flexible substrate, t is the thickness of the substrate, is the maximum allowable stress of the material.

3. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal curvature radius satisfies: ； in, is the target field of view angle, is the slope of the curve of the relationship between field angle coverage and curvature radius, is the number of array elements.

4. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishing of the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set comprises the following steps: Set the range of the graphene patch's aspect ratio; Setting the thickness variation range of the liquid crystal layer; Combined with the electromagnetic simulation results, the optimal combination of each patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness is determined within the variation range, and a set is established.

5. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Generating a plurality of array models with different unit spacings based on the graphene metasurface parameter set and the liquid crystal layer parameter set, importing dual-band isolation target parameters and control efficiency constraints into each of the models, and obtaining the unit spacing set through fitting calculation includes: Select a set of graphene patch size and liquid crystal layer thickness as the current parameters and adjust the target isolation; Assign several unit spacing values ​​and generate several array models; A dual-band excitation source is introduced into each of the models to perform full-wave electromagnetic simulation to obtain the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings; According to the isolation and control efficiency under different unit spacings, a relationship curve between isolation and unit spacing is established, and the slope of the curve is calculated; According to the formula: ; Calculate the optimal cell spacing corresponding to the current parameters, where is the shortest operating wavelength, Isolation is the slope of the curve of the relationship between isolation and cell spacing. target is the degree of isolation; Repeat the above steps until the optimal cell spacing for all parameter combinations is obtained and a cell spacing set is established.

6. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Generating a plurality of array models according to the unit spacing set and the surface curvature target parameter, fitting and calculating the beam scanning range, and obtaining the scanning range set comprises the following steps: Retrieving a set of corresponding unit spacings and surface curvatures to generate an array model; Importing the beam weight parameters calculated by the Transformer model into the model, performing a finite-difference time-domain simulation, and obtaining the beam scanning range; Repeat the above steps until the beam scanning ranges of all parameter combinations are obtained; All scan ranges are grouped into the same set to obtain a scan range set; The calculation of the optimal arrangement and number of array units comprises the following steps: Retrieving the scanning range set to obtain the maximum scanning range; Extracting the corresponding optimal cell spacing from the cell spacing set according to the maximum scanning range; Calculating a spherical triangular grid arrangement of array elements according to the optimal unit spacing and the surface curvature target parameter; The total number of array units required is calculated according to the distribution density target parameter and the arrangement mode.

7. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-physics field control module includes a magnetic field control unit, a surface acoustic wave modulation unit and a thermally induced phase change unit, wherein: The magnetic field control unit uses a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array to generate a gradient magnetic field to assist the alignment of liquid crystal molecules; The surface acoustic wave modulation unit integrates an interdigital transducer at the bottom of the substrate, and realizes dynamic beam fine-tuning by disturbing the liquid crystal through acoustic waves; The thermotropic phase change unit embeds VO2 phase change material at key nodes and optimizes the dielectric properties of liquid crystal through local temperature control.

8. The wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The collaborative workflow of the multi-physics field control module includes: Calculate the required liquid crystal molecule rotation angle based on the beam direction predicted by the Transformer model; Determining initial values ​​of magnetic field strength and direction according to the rotation angle; Start the surface acoustic wave modulation unit to complete the initial orientation adjustment of the liquid crystal molecules; The temperature of the local area is controlled based on the thermotropic phase change unit to optimize the response speed of the liquid crystal; Through a closed-loop feedback mechanism, multi-physics field parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that beam steering is completed within the set time.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a processor, a memory and a program stored in the memory, wherein when the program is executed by the processor, the method for designing a wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that A computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the wide-angle scanning liquid crystal phased array design method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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