Preparation method of anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, and relates to the technical field of electrolytes. According to the electrolyte, dilute sulphuric acid is adopted as a basic system, and a biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor (sodium glutamate and taurine), organic weak acid salt (triammonium citrate), water-soluble polymer (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), a conductive nano material (graphene oxide) and a green deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride-ethylene glycol) are compositely introduced; and a trace amount of aluminum salt and a metal organic catalyst are supplemented. By inhibiting sulfation, relieving grid corrosion, inhibiting gassing and balancing acid concentration, systematic improvement of the cycle life, the charge acceptance and the repair capacity of the lead-acid battery is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytes, and specifically to a preparation method of an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte. Background Art

[0002] Conventional lead-acid batteries generally use dilute sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 30% - 37% as the electrolyte. After long-term service, the capacity will rapidly decline due to electrolyte stratification, negative electrode sulfation, grid corrosion, and water loss. This aging process is manifested as phenomena such as shortened discharge time, increased internal resistance, and insufficient starting voltage. Although the industry currently attempts to add inorganic or surfactant additives such as boric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium sulfate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate to the electrolyte, their regulation effects are limited and usually can only address a single problem. For example, phosphates can refine PbSO4 crystals but are prone to cause capacity loss; sodium sulfate can stabilize hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode but cannot inhibit grid oxidation; graphene addition is mostly for the negative electrode coating rather than being applied through the electrolyte route, which is complex to use and difficult to distribute evenly. In addition, most traditional additives ignore the systematic problem of acid stratification, resulting in an imbalance in the operating states of the upper and lower plates of the battery, thereby accelerating local failure. At the repair level, pickling or pulse charging is generally used, but these methods require disassembling equipment or professional instruments, with high costs and complex operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, comprising the following components: 100 parts (by mass) of dilute sulfuric acid with a density of 1.25 - 1.30 g / cm -3 ; 5 - 20 parts of a biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor, wherein the biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor is composed of sodium glutamate and taurine, and the molar ratio of sodium glutamate to taurine is 1:0.2 - 0.8; 0.5 - 5 parts of an organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter, and the organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter is ammonium citrate; ammonium citrate or its partially neutralized ammonium salt 0.005 - 0.03 mol / L -1 ; 0.1 - 2 parts of a water-soluble polymer thickener, and the water-soluble polymer thickener is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 0.1 - 0.5 wt%; 0.005 - 0.02 parts of a conductive nanocarbon material, and the conductive nanocarbon material is graphene oxide; graphene oxide (GO) 50 - 100 mg / L -1; 0.5–3 parts of green deep eutectic solvent, the green deep eutectic solvent is prepared from choline chloride and ethylene glycol or choline chloride and glycerol at a molar ratio of 1:1–2; choline chloride / ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2) or choline chloride / glycerol (molar ratio 1:1.5), volume fraction ≤ 1%; 0.0005–0.003 parts of inorganic corrosion inhibitor, the inorganic corrosion inhibitor is Al2(SO4)3; Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, 5–30mgL -1 ; (optional) 0.0001–0.001 parts of metal organic catalyst, the metal organic catalyst is cobalt phthalocyanine or copper chlorophyllin, 1×10 -4 –1×10 -3 molL -1 .

[0004] Preferably, the concentration of sodium glutamate in the bio - small molecule synergistic inhibitor is 0.05–0.10molL -1 , and the concentration of taurine is 0.01–0.05molL -1 .

[0005] Preferably, the mass fraction of the water - soluble polymer thickener is 0.1–0.3wt%, and the viscosity of the formed colloid is 1.2–1.5mPa·s.

[0006] A preparation method of an anti - aging lead - acid battery electrolyte, comprising the following steps: S1. Polymer pre - dissolution: Add the water - soluble polymer thickener HPMC to deionized water, and stir at room temperature until a uniform colloidal solution is formed; S2. Add bio - small molecules: Add the bio - small molecule synergistic inhibitor and the organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter (sodium glutamate, taurine and citrate) to the colloidal solution, and maintain stirring at 20–25°C for 10 min; S3. Dropwise add concentrated sulfuric acid: Slowly drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the solution in step S2 (premixing) under an ice - water bath condition, and adjust the density to 1.25–1.30gcm -3 ; S4. Add the green deep eutectic solvent to the solution in step S3 and stir evenly; S5. Add the suspension of the conductive nanocarbon material dispersed by ultrasound to the solution in step S3 and continue to stir when the temperature is below 30°C; S6. Add the inorganic corrosion inhibitor and the metal organic catalyst in sequence, and stir for 5 min; S7. Aging and filtration: Let the solution in step S6 stand for aging for 24 h, and then filter through a 1 - μm acid - resistant filter membrane to remove macroscopic impurities to obtain a light - gray transparent electrolyte.

[0007] Preferably, the addition temperature of the water - soluble polymer thickener in step S1 is 15–25°C, and the stirring time is not less than 30 min.

[0008] An anti-aging lead-acid battery, comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a separator and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is injected into the assembled battery, and after standing and infiltrating for 2 h, it is continuously charged at 0.1C for 12 h to complete formation.

[0009] A method for repairing a lead-acid battery with an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, comprising the following steps: S1, discharging the original electrolyte inside the lead-acid battery to be repaired; S2, flushing the electrode plates with deionized water and draining; S3, injecting the electrolyte into the lead-acid battery to a specified liquid level; S4, charging the lead-acid battery with a current of 0.05–0.15C for 12–24 h; S5, performing 1–3 charge-discharge cycles of 0.1C (buffering charge and discharge) on the lead-acid battery to restore the capacity.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The sodium glutamate and taurine introduced in the electrolyte of the present invention act synergistically to form a stable layer adsorbed on the surface of the electrode plate, and through complexation with Pb 2+ combination, reduce the growth rate of lead sulfate crystals, and promote the discharge products to present a fine and dispersed morphology. The added ammonium citrate salt can slowly dissolve the coarse PbSO4 crystals on the surface of the electrode plate, improve its reducibility, and significantly enhance the capacity recovery ability and service life of the lead-acid battery; (2) The present invention forms a nanoscale polymer network through hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and the electrolyte maintains high uniformity in the vertical direction, effectively preventing the problem of upper-poor and lower-rich acid stratification caused by gravity or concentration difference diffusion. The uniform electrolyte concentration improves the working state of the upper and lower electrode plates, avoids the aggravation of sulfation of the lower electrode plate due to oversaturation of concentrated acid, and improves the battery health and deep cycle stability from the root cause; (3) The deep eutectic solvent (such as choline chloride / ethylene glycol) of the present invention is used as a green ionic liquid, and after being doped into the electrolyte, it forms a molecular adsorption layer on the surface of the electrode plate, which effectively inhibits the corrosion of the positive lead alloy grid. Combined with trace aluminum salts, a dense protective film can be further formed to slow down the loss of active substances during the formation of PbO2, and effectively improve the structural stability and durability of the positive electrode; (4) The cationic structure in the amino acid additive of the present invention inhibits the precipitation of hydrogen ions at the negative electrode, and the ionic liquid adjusts the water activity of the electrolyte, raising the oxygen evolution overpotential, thereby significantly reducing the water decomposition during charging. The water loss rate in the battery is reduced by more than 50%, and the gas evolution during floating charge is significantly reduced, effectively reducing the maintenance frequency and realizing quasi-maintenance-free operation; (5) The nano-graphene oxide of the present invention is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode to form a conductive network, increasing the density of electron migration paths, making the battery have enhanced starting ability under low-temperature conditions and a more stable high-rate discharge voltage platform. At the same time, this formulation is applicable to the regeneration process of service batteries, and has the ability to dissolve the formed PbSO4 crystals and repair the active substance channels, etc., and is suitable for the performance recovery of lightly and moderately degraded batteries. Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1This is the process flow diagram for the preparation of the anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is the flow chart for filling the new battery of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is the process flow diagram for repairing lead-acid batteries with the anti-aging electrolyte of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0014] Next, in conjunction with the attached Figures 1 - 3 , and through specific implementation manners, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described.

[0015] The present invention provides an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, which includes the following components: 100 parts (by mass) of dilute sulfuric acid with a density of 1.25–1.30 g / cm -3 ; 5–20 parts of a biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor, wherein the biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor is composed of sodium glutamate and taurine, and the molar ratio of sodium glutamate to taurine is 1:0.2–0.8; 0.5–5 parts of an organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter, and the organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter is ammonium citrate; ammonium citrate or its partially neutralized ammonium salt 0.005–0.03 mol / L -1 ; 0.1–2 parts of a water-soluble polymer thickener, and the water-soluble polymer thickener is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 0.1–0.5 wt%; 0.005–0.02 parts of a conductive nanocarbon material, and the conductive nanocarbon material is graphene oxide; graphene oxide (GO) 50–100 mg / L -1 ; 0.5–3 parts of a green deep eutectic solvent, and the green deep eutectic solvent is prepared by mixing choline chloride and ethylene glycol or choline chloride and glycerol at a molar ratio of 1:1–2; choline chloride / ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2) or choline chloride / glycerol (molar ratio 1:1.5), volume fraction ≤1%; 0.0005–0.003 parts of an inorganic corrosion inhibitor, and the inorganic corrosion inhibitor is Al2(SO4)3; Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, 5–30 mg / L -1 ; (optional) 0.0001–0.001 parts of a metal-organic catalyst, and the metal-organic catalyst is cobalt phthalocyanine or copper chlorophyllin, 1×10 -4 –1×10 -3 mol / L -1 . The concentration of sodium glutamate in the biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor is 0.05–0.10 mol / L -1 , and the concentration of taurine is 0.01–0.05 mol / L -1 . The mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer thickener is 0.1–0.3 wt%, and the formed colloid viscosity is 1.2–1.5 mPa·s.

[0016] A preparation method of an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, comprising the following steps: S1. Polymer pre-dissolution: Add a water-soluble polymer thickener HPMC to deionized water, and stir at room temperature until a uniform colloidal solution is formed; S2. Add biological small molecules: Add a biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor and an organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter (sodium glutamate, taurine and citrate) to the colloidal solution, and maintain stirring at 20–25 °C for 10 min; S3. Dropwise add concentrated sulfuric acid: Slowly drop concentrated sulfuric acid into the solution of step S2 (premixing) under an ice-water bath condition, and adjust the density to 1.25–1.30 g / cm -3 ; S4. Add a green deep eutectic solvent to the solution of step S3 and stir evenly; S5. Add a suspension of a conductive nanocarbon material dispersed by ultrasound and continue stirring when the temperature is below 30 °C; S6. Sequentially add an inorganic corrosion inhibitor and a metal-organic catalyst, and stir for 5 min; S7. Aging and filtration: Let the solution of step S6 stand and age for 24 h, and then filter through a 1-μm acid-resistant filter membrane to remove macroscopic impurities, obtaining a light gray transparent electrolyte. In step S1, the addition temperature of the water-soluble polymer thickener is 15–25 °C, and the stirring time is not less than 30 min.

[0017] An anti-aging lead-acid battery, comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a separator and an electrolyte. Inject the electrolyte into the assembled battery, let it stand and penetrate for 2 h, and then charge continuously at 0.1C for 12 h to complete formation.

[0018] A method for repairing a lead-acid battery with an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, comprising the following steps: S1. Drain the original electrolyte inside the lead-acid battery to be repaired; S2. Rinse the electrode plates with deionized water and drain; S3. Inject the electrolyte into the lead-acid battery to the specified liquid level (optional according to the specific setting method of the electrode plates: let it stand, diffuse and penetrate for 2-3 h to make the electrolyte evenly enter the pores of the electrode plates); S4. Charge the lead-acid battery at a current of 0.05–0.15C for 12–24 h; S5. Perform 1–3 charge-discharge cycles of 0.1C (buffer charge-discharge) on the lead-acid battery to restore the capacity; finally, conduct capacity evaluation and restoration determination, and measure the discharge capacity, internal resistance and voltage platform.

[0019] Electrolyte preparation: Dissolve 17.0 g of sodium glutamate, 6.1 g of taurine, 4.2 g of ammonium citrate tribasic and 1.8 g of HPMC in 800 mL of deionized water; dropwise add 98% H2SO4 until the total density is 1.28 g / cm -3 ; then add 8 mL of DES, 6 mL of GO suspension (concentration 10 mg / mL -1 ), 15 mg of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and 25 mg of cobalt phthalocyanine; filter to obtain 1 L of electrolyte. Its pH < 1 and the viscosity is 1.25 mPa·s.

[0020] Base electrolyte: High-purity sulfuric acid-aqueous solution, with the density adjusted to 1.25~1.30 g / cm 3 (approximately equivalent to 30%~37% mass fraction of H2SO4). This is the main medium for the lead-acid battery reaction, providing SO4 2- H ⁺ ions to participate in the electrode reaction. During preparation, following the conventional steps, slowly add analytical-grade sulfuric acid to deionized water while cooling and stirring, and control the final specific gravity within the target range. Organic inhibitor (amino acid salts): Select one or two food-grade amino acids and their salt additives, such as sodium glutamate (MSG, monosodium glutamate) or glycine, etc., with a concentration of approximately 0.05~0.1 M (based on the total volume of the electrolyte). The addition of MSG can inhibit the corrosion of lead at the negative electrode and reduce the evolution of hydrogen, thereby improving the battery performance. The amino acid molecule contains both anionic groups (such as carboxylate) that can react with Pb 2+Weak coordination to inhibit the growth of lead sulfate crystals, and also contain cationic groups (such as ammonium groups) that can be adsorbed on the electrode surface to act as a cathode corrosion inhibitor and increase the hydrogen evolution overpotential. Such substances are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable, and are suitable as green additives. Organic sulfonic acids / organic acids: Add a small amount of organic sulfonic acid or organic weak acid as a performance enhancer, such as taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) or citric acid, etc., with a concentration of about 0.01 - 0.05 M. Such organic sulfonic acid compounds can improve the charge acceptance ability and cycling performance of lead-acid batteries. Taurine has both a sulfonic acid group and an amino group, with buffering and metal coordination abilities, which can stabilize local changes in the pH of the electrolyte and inhibit side reactions. Organic acid salts such as ammonium citrate can slightly dissolve the surface layer of lead sulfate crystals to help regenerate the sulfated plates (similar to chemical desulfurization), and adding citrate can improve the corrosion resistance when using thin lead foil plates. Polymer thickeners: Add biodegradable polymers to form a microgel electrolyte to prevent acid stratification and improve the uniform distribution of ions. For example, add water-soluble polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or sodium alginate, with a concentration of about 0.1% - 0.5% (mass ratio). The polymer forms a three-dimensional network structure in the electrolyte, slightly increasing the solution viscosity to inhibit acid stratification caused by charge and discharge, and at the same time not significantly reducing the ion mobility (the concentration used is much lower than the concentration required to form a solid gel). During preparation, the polymer powder can be slowly sprinkled into stirred deionized water to dissolve it fully, and then mixed with sulfuric acid solution. The resulting electrolyte exhibits nano-colloid characteristics, which is beneficial to keeping the acidity of the electrolyte consistent at different heights, avoiding the stratification phenomenon of poor acid in the upper layer and rich acid in the lower layer, and thus preventing excessive sulfation of the lower plates of the battery. The advantage of choosing cellulose derivatives such as HPMC is that they are derived from natural plants, and the polymer main chain may be slowly hydrolyzed into small molecules in strong acid for a long time, without causing difficult-to-treat pollution. Conductive nanomaterials: Suspended addition of carbon nanomaterials to improve the conductivity of the negative electrode and promote the uniformity of the reaction, such as graphene oxide (GO) or carbon quantum dots, etc., with an addition amount of about 50 - 100 mg per liter of electrolyte. Graphene oxide has a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups and is easily dispersed in aqueous media. A small amount can gradually deposit on the electrode surface during battery operation to form a conductive network, improving the utilization rate of active substances and the reaction depth. Carbon nanomaterials can also act as micro-capacitors at the negative electrode to improve the high-current discharge performance and relieve lead sulfate deposition. In terms of preparation, GO powder can be first ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water and then mixed with other additives. It should be noted to control the addition amount and ensure uniform dispersion to prevent excessive carbon materials from causing the electrolyte to become viscous or precipitate. Green corrosion inhibitors / catalysts (ionic liquids or complexes): Introduce a small amount of new ionic liquids or metal-organic complexes as grid corrosion inhibitors and gas recombination catalysts. Preferably, a low proportion (within 1% by volume fraction) of choline-based deep eutectic solvents (such as the choline chloride / glycerol system) or quaternary ammonium / imidazole salt ionic liquids (such as 1-octyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, etc.) is added.For example, 1-octyl-3-propyl imidazole iodide is added to 34% sulfuric acid, and the ionic liquid can be adsorbed on the electrode surface to reduce the charge transfer rate, thereby protecting the electrode from acid corrosion. The choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent selected by the present invention (such as choline chloride: ethylene glycol = 1:2 molar ratio) is low in toxicity, non-flammable and biodegradable, and can take into account both safety and environmental protection. After adding a small amount, this type of ionic liquid or deep eutectic will form hydrogen bonds with water / acid, reduce the free water activity, help to increase the oxygen evolution overpotential and inhibit water decomposition. In addition, if conditions permit, trace biometallic complexes (such as metal organic dyes such as cobalt phthalocyanine and copper chlorophyll) can also be dissolved, with a concentration of 10. -4 ~10 -3 M level), acting as a catalyst to promote oxygen reduction and hydrogen-oxygen recombination, catalytically reducing the oxygen and hydrogen generated inside the battery to water in the electrolyte, reducing gas loss. The structure of these metal complexes is similar to the auxiliary group of biological enzymes, has catalytic effect and is used in extremely low amounts, so the impact on the environment can be ignored.

[0021] According to the above formula ingredients, the electrolyte is prepared in sequence: Preparation of basic solution: Take the calculated amount of deionized water in an acid-resistant container, add a polymer thickener (such as HPMC) and stir to dissolve, then add amino acid salts (MSG, etc.), organic acid salts (ammonium citrate, etc.) and deep eutectic solvents (if used) and mix evenly. If a soluble metal complex catalyst is required, it can be dissolved in a small amount of water in advance and then poured in. Ensure that the solution temperature is at room temperature at this stage and stir thoroughly until all components are dissolved or well dispersed.

[0022] Acid solution addition: Slowly add concentrated sulfuric acid to the premixed solution, stirring while adding and controlling the temperature not to rise too quickly (can be done in an ice bath). During the acid addition process, the polymer will be further evenly dispersed to form microcolloids, and amino acids will be partially converted into cationic forms due to the acidification of the solution (such as the glutamate in MSG is converted into glutamic acid, which has good solubility). Continue stirring until the acid solution of the target density is prepared. At this time, if there are nano additives such as graphene that are not resistant to strong shear, they can be slowly added after the acid cools down.

[0023] Nanomaterial dispersion: Slowly add the carbon nanomaterial suspension obtained by ultrasonication to the prepared acid electrolyte, stirring evenly while adding. Since the viscosity of the electrolyte is slightly increased and the additives containing surfactant groups (such as amino acids, ionic liquids, etc. have certain surface activity), nanosheets such as graphene will be more stably suspended and not easy to aggregate and settle. If necessary, ultrasonication or stirring can be performed again to promote uniformity.

[0024] Aging and filtration: It is recommended to let the prepared electrolyte stand for aging for 24 hours to allow all components to fully interact with each other and stabilize the colloid structure. Then, it can be gently filtered through an acid-resistant microporous membrane to remove undispersed large particle impurities and ensure the clarity and uniformity of the electrolyte. Finally, a light gray or slightly yellow transparent liquid (depending on the colors of the organic additives and carbon materials) is obtained, which is the required anti-aging electrolyte.

[0025] The entire preparation process is carried out at normal temperature and pressure without the need for complex equipment. Most of the additives used can stably exist in the sulfuric acid solution at room temperature for a long time without undergoing violent side reactions or degradation.

[0026] Recycling of waste batteries: After degassing and flushing a degraded 12V / 38Ah battery (open circuit voltage 11.8V, capacity 55%), the above-prepared electrolyte is injected, charged at 0.05C for 24h, and then discharged and tested at 0.1C.

Claims

1. An anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte, characterized in that, It includes the following components: 100 parts of dilute sulfuric acid with a density of 1.25 - 1.30 g / cm -3 ; 5–20 parts of a biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor, wherein the biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor is composed of sodium glutamate and taurine, and the molar ratio of sodium glutamate to taurine is 1:0.2 - 0.8; 0.5 - 5 parts of an organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter, and the organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter is ammonium citrate; 0.1 - 2 parts of a water-soluble polymer thickener, and the water-soluble polymer thickener is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; 0.005 - 0.02 parts of a conductive nanocarbon material, and the conductive nanocarbon material is graphene oxide; 0.5 - 3 parts of a green deep eutectic solvent, and the green deep eutectic solvent is prepared by mixing choline chloride with ethylene glycol or choline chloride with glycerol at a molar ratio of 1:1–2; 0.0005 - 0.003 parts of an inorganic corrosion inhibitor salt, and the inorganic corrosion inhibitor salt is Al2(SO4)3; 0.0001 - 0.001 parts of a metal-organic catalyst, and the metal-organic catalyst is cobalt phthalocyanine or copper chlorophyllin.

2. The anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of sodium glutamate in the small molecule biological synergistic inhibitor is 0.05 - 0.10 mol / L -1 , and the concentration of taurine is 0.01 - 0.05 mol / L -1 .

3. An anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer thickener is 0.1 - 0.3wt%, and the formed colloid viscosity is 1.2 - 1.5mPa·s.

4. The preparation method of an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Add the water-soluble polymer thickener to deionized water and stir to dissolve to form a colloidal solution; S2. Add the biological small molecule synergistic inhibitor and the organic weak acid salt dissolution promoter to the colloidal solution, and maintain stirring at 20 - 25°C for 10 min; S3. Under the condition of ice-water bath, slowly add concentrated sulfuric acid to the solution obtained in step S2 and adjust the density to 1.25-1.30 g / cm -3 ; S4. Add the green deep eutectic solvent to the solution in step S3 and stir evenly; S5. Add the suspension of the conductive nanocarbon material dispersed by ultrasonic wave and continue to stir when the temperature is below 30°C; S6. Add the inorganic corrosion inhibitor salt and the metal-organic catalyst in sequence and stir for 5 min; S7. Let the solution in step S6 stand for aging for 24 h and then filter to obtain the target electrolyte.

5. The preparation method of an anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the addition temperature of the water-soluble polymer thickener is 15 - 25°C, and the stirring time is not less than 30 min.

6. An anti-aging lead-acid battery, comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a separator and an electrolyte, characterized in that, The electrolyte is the electrolyte described in any one of claims 1 - 3.

7. A lead-acid battery repair method based on the anti-aging lead-acid battery electrolyte described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Drain the original electrolyte inside the lead-acid battery to be repaired; S2. Rinse the electrode plates with deionized water and drain; S3. Inject the electrolyte described in any one of claims 1 - 3 into the lead-acid battery to the specified liquid level; S4. Charge the lead-acid battery with a current of 0.05 - 0.15C for 12 - 24 h; S5. Perform 1 - 3 charge-discharge cycles of 0.1C on the lead-acid battery to restore the capacity.

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