Low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of welding material, and more particularly to a low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.The low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.08-0.14% Si, 0.23-0.32% Fe, 0.08-0.12% Cu, 1.1-1.5% Mn, 5.28-5.84% Mg, 0.11-0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03-0.04% Ti, 0.0007-0.0009% Be, 0.35-0.41% Sc, 0.1-0.13% Zr, 0.6-0.8% Li, and the balance of Al.The present application improves the impact toughness of the welding wire in a-196 ℃ ultra-low temperature environment by precisely controlling the ratio of Al to Mg in the aluminum alloy welding wire and designing multi-element micro-alloying, thereby meeting the stringent requirements of low-temperature application scenarios.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of welding materials, in particular to a low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the trade of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has experienced rapid growth, with its global trade volume jumping from 120 million tons in 2003 to about 400 million tons (equivalent to nearly 560 billion cubic meters) in 2023. In order to effectively respond to and support this unprecedented expansion of production capacity, the LNG carrier industry is about to enter a large-scale delivery peak.

[0003] Currently, 9Ni steel is mainly used to manufacture LNG storage tanks, but it has high cost, long manufacturing cycle and high welding difficulty. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, efficient welding, environmental protection and the like, and the demand for manufacturing natural gas storage tanks with 5 series aluminum alloy is urgent. Currently, there are successful experiences in manufacturing aluminum alloy LNG storage tanks abroad, and some domestic shipyards have also begun to try to manufacture aluminum alloy storage tanks. Aluminum plates suitable for working in extremely low temperature environments have been developed, but the matching welding materials are currently relatively scarce. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem of "designing aluminum alloy matching welding wire that meets the extremely low temperature-196 DEG C environment", the welding wire with good low temperature impact is obtained by adjusting the ratio of 5183 main alloy components Al and Mg. By adding rare earth element Sc to form uniform coherent precipitate phase Al3Sc, its lattice constant is similar to that of aluminum and is very stable, which plays a role in refining grains, thereby improving the plastic deformation capacity of the material; Sc improves the strength of the alloy through solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening, while also improving the toughness of the material; the addition of Sc increases the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, which means that the alloy can recrystallize at a higher temperature, which enables the material to better maintain a fine grain structure during hot working. By adding trace elements such as Mn and Zr, the alloy grain is refined, Mn reduces the solubility of Fe in magnesium, making it precipitate in the form of Mn-Fe compounds, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy; the addition of Zr forms Al3Zr dispersed phase, which can effectively inhibit the recrystallization of the alloy during deformation and solid solution, thereby improving the yield strength and crack resistance of the alloy. In addition, Zr can also form dispersed phase Al3(Sc,Zr) with Sc, thereby improving the hot plasticity of the alloy, and further improving the stability of the alloy during hot working.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 0.08-0.14% Si, 0.23-0.32% Fe, 0.08-0.12% Cu, 1.1-1.5% Mn, 5.28-5.84% Mg, 0.11-0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03-0.04% Ti, 0.0007-0.0009% Be, 0.35-0.41% Sc, 0.1-0.13% Zr, 0.6-0.8% Li, and the balance of Al.

[0007] Further, the mass ratio of Al and Mg is 15.5-17.3:1.

[0008] Further, the preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) smelting aluminum liquid into a melt;

[0010] (2) continuous casting: adding an alloy containing Zr element (Al-Zr alloy wire) into the flow tank melt during the pouring process of continuous casting;

[0011] (3) continuous rolling;

[0012] (4) finish rolling;

[0013] (5) cold working to obtain the welding wire.

[0014] Further, the alloy or material not containing Zr element is added during the smelting process of the aluminum liquid in step (1), including Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Mg intermediate alloy, pure lithium, sodium silicate.

[0015] Further, the continuous rolling is: starting high-frequency heating (temperature: 380-440℃) before the casting body reaches the rolling die, and then rolling the casting body into a round rod through 5-7 passes, and then performing recrystallization annealing treatment (temperature: 350-420℃, heating time: 3-5h, holding time: 4-6h).

[0016] Further, the finish rolling is to roll the continuous casting and rolling wire rod through 3-5 passes.

[0017] Further, the cold working comprises scraping, drawing, and polishing.

[0018] Further, high-frequency ultrasonic waves are used in the drawing process, and the ultrasonic frequency is 15kHz-32kHz.

[0019] The technical means adopted in the application comprises:

[0020] After a large number of test verification comparison, the proportion of aluminum magnesium is controlled in 15.5-17.3:1, so that the low-temperature impact toughness of the welding wire is better;

[0021] The trace rare earth element Sc is added, can form coherent precipitate phase Al3Sc, its lattice constant is similar to aluminum, can refine the grain and improve the plastic deformation ability of the material; Sc can improve the plasticity and toughness of the alloy through solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening; The addition of Sc can improve the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and improve the hot plasticity of the alloy;

[0022] The trace Li element is added, can form δ'-Al3Li, and Mg2Si phase realizes double phase strengthening, which can improve the plastic deformation ability of the alloy, but attention should be paid to the fact that it reduces the corrosion resistance of the alloy to a certain extent;

[0023] More Mn is added, the solubility of Fe in magnesium is reduced, so that it is precipitated in the form of Mn-Fe, and the corrosion resistance is improved;

[0024] Trace Zr element is added, Al3Zr dispersed phase is formed, which can effectively inhibit the recrystallization process of the alloy during deformation and solid solution process, improve the crack resistance of the alloy, and also form Al3(Sc,Zr) composite phase to improve the hot plasticity of the alloy, so that the grains can remain uniform and small during hot working process;

[0025] During the drawing process of the welding wire, the ultrasonic assisted drawing technology is used, high frequency ultrasonic vibration is added to the drawing die, so that the metal wire and the die will have an instantaneous separation effect when they contact, the surface roughness of the wire will be softened, and the lubricating liquid will be more easily entered into the deformation zone, the friction factor is reduced, the drawing force is greatly reduced, and the processing precision is improved. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration refines the grain structure of the welding wire and improves the low-temperature impact toughness;

[0026] After the drawing of the welding wire, ultrasonic alkaline cleaning is carried out, the lubricating oil remaining on the surface after the previous processing is cleaned, the surface quality of the welding wire is effectively improved, so that it is more smooth, and the sensitivity of porosity in the welding process is ensured.

[0027] The technical effects produced by the patent are:

[0028] (1) The Al and Mg mass ratio (15.5-17.3:1) in the aluminum alloy welding wire is accurately controlled, which significantly improves the plasticity and toughness while ensuring the strength of the alloy. Experimental verification shows that the optimized ratio enables the deposited metal to have excellent impact toughness at-196℃ ultra-low temperature environment, meeting the stringent requirements of low-temperature application scenarios.

[0029] (2) Through multi-element micro-alloying design (Sc, Li, Mn, Zr), high-density solid solution and dispersed strengthening phase are formed in the matrix to realize the synergistic optimization of strength, plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance. The welding wire has low hot cracking sensitivity during welding, the heat-affected zone has fine and uniform grains, and is especially suitable for high-precision welding in low-temperature environment (such as aerospace low-temperature containers and cryogenic pipelines), and the preparation process is compatible with traditional aluminum-magnesium alloys, and has good industrial application prospect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The application will be further described below in combination with examples.

[0031] Example 1,

[0032] (1) Before smelting, pure aluminum (99.99%) is used to wash the furnace to exclude the interference of impurity elements on the alloy composition;

[0033] (2) The aluminum ingot is put in, the temperature is raised to 700-800°C, after complete melting, the temperature is kept for 10 min, then electromagnetic stirring is carried out, the heating temperature is raised to 900-1000°C, Al-Sc25% intermediate alloy is put in, and fully stirred, the temperature is reduced to 750-850°C, Al-Mn intermediate alloy is added, and fully stirred, argon is introduced, the temperature is reduced to 650-750°C, pure lithium is gradually added, fully stirred, the temperature is reduced to 650-680°C, Al-Mg intermediate alloy is added, and electromagnetic stirring is carried out;

[0034] (3) The temperature is kept at 650-680°C, a spray machine is used to blow sodium silicate into the melt by using pure argon for refining, after standing for 15-25 min, slagging is carried out;

[0035] (4) 99.999% argon is introduced for degassing;

[0036] (5) After sampling and detecting the composition of the melt in the furnace, the composition is qualified, filtration and casting are carried out;

[0037] (6) Continuous casting: the temperature of the runner is controlled at 650-700°C, Al-19.75Zr wire is added to the melt in the runner during casting, three-way water cooling is started after the melt reaches the cooling steel belt, and the water flow is 20 L / min, 17 L / min and 12 L / min in turn, and the casting becomes a trapezoidal rod after casting; the mass percentage of the composition of the trapezoidal rod is as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.12% Cu, 1.4% Mn, 5.7% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.35% Sc, 0.10% Zr, 0.6% Li, and the balance is Al, the mass ratio of aluminum and magnesium is 16.00:1, wherein the unmentioned elements are introduced by the added intermediate alloy (Al-Sc, Al-Mn, Al-Mg) and the like;

[0038] (7) continuous rolling: high frequency heating 380-440℃, relying on emulsion cooling, after 5 passes of rough rolling to become 5.0mm wire rod, recrystallization annealing treatment 420℃, heating for 4h, holding for 6h. Among them, the emulsion is prepared by mixing 1 part by mass of emulsified oil and 12 parts by mass of deionized water, and the emulsified oil is composed of the following mass percentages of elements: paraffin base oil 65%, polyethylene glycol 3%, oleic acid 2%, triethanolamine 5%, ethanol 3%, OP-10 emulsifier 12%, XP250 polymeric ester 3%, RianPont8402 7%;

[0039] (8) finish rolling: after 4 passes of rolling to become 2.1mm wire rod, the speed is 20-30m / s;

[0040] (9) cold working: rough scraping 2 passes, fine scraping 2 passes, ultrasonic wire drawing device applies high frequency ultrasound (controlled at 15kHz~32kHz) to the wire drawing die, drawing 3 passes, after drawing, ultrasonic alkaline washing pH is controlled at 8~10, temperature control at 60~80℃, after alkaline washing, hot water cleaning at 70~90℃, then yarn belt wiping, hot air drying at 170~200℃, finally polishing, oiling, to prepare 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0041] The welding wire prepared in Example 1 is welded after welding (test plate butt joint welding, the welding process parameters are shown in Table 1, base material 5083 200×130×20mm), and the low temperature impact strength is tested according to GB / T 229-2020, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 1 Welding process parameters

[0043] .

[0044] Example 2,

[0045] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the mass percentage of the composition of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) is as follows: 0.10% Si, 0.28% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.1% Mn, 5.5% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0009% Be, 0.39% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.8% Li, and the balance is Al, and the mass ratio of aluminum and magnesium is 16.63:1.

[0046] The welding wire prepared in Example 2 is welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low temperature impact strength is tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (sample size: 55mm×10mm×10mm, test temperature: -196℃), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Example 3,

[0048] Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.14% Si, 0.25% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.3% Mn, 5.84% Mg, 0.11% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.04% Ti, 0.0007% Be, 0.41% Sc, 0.13% Zr, 0.7% Li, and the balance Al, and the aluminum-to-magnesium mass ratio thereof is 15.57:1.

[0049] The welding wire prepared in Example 3 was welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength was tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size was 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature was -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Example 4,

[0051] Example 4 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.10% Si, 0.32% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 1.5% Mn, 5.28% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.38% Sc, 0.11% Zr, 0.8% Li, and the balance Al, and the aluminum-to-magnesium mass ratio thereof is 17.28:1.

[0052] The welding wire prepared in Example 4 was welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength was tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size was 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature was -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Comparative Example 1,

[0054] Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.4% Mn, 5.9% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.37% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.6% Li, and the balance Al, and the aluminum-to-magnesium mass ratio thereof is 15.42:1.

[0055] The welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 1 was welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength was tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size was 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature was -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0056] Comparative Example 2,

[0057] Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.2% Mn, 4.8% Mg, 0.14% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.32% Sc, 0.10% Zr, 0.5% Li, and the balance Al, with the aluminum-magnesium mass ratio being 19.26:1.

[0058] The welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 2 is welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength is tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size is 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature is -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] Comparative Example 3,

[0060] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.09% Si, 0.25% Fe, 0.09% Cu, 1.3% Mn, 5.5% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.35% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.002% Li, and the balance Al, with the Li content being less than 0.1%.

[0061] The welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 3 is welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength is tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size is 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature is -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0062] Comparative Example 4,

[0063] Comparative Example 4 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.09% Cu, 1.2% Mn, 5.2% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.40% Sc, 0.11% Zr, 1.5% Li, and the balance Al, with the Li content being more than 1.0%.

[0064] The welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 4 is welded after welding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the low-temperature impact strength is tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (the sample size is 55 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, and the test temperature is -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Comparative Example 5,

[0066] Comparative Example 5 differs from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.12% Cu, 1.5% Mn, 5.2% Mg, 0.17% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.08% Zr, 0.5% Li, and the balance is Al, and no Sc is added to the alloy.

[0067] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 5 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested according to GB / T 229-2020 (sample size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0068] Comparative Example 6,

[0069] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 0.74% Mn, 5.6% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.04% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.38% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.6% Li, and the balance is Al.

[0070] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 6 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested 10 times in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (sample size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196°C). The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0071] Table 2 Test results of low temperature impact resistance of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0072]

[0073] The difference between the preparation method of the welding wire before optimization and that of Example 1 is that:

[0074] (1) The composition of the welding wire is as follows: 0.06% Si, 0.20% Fe, 0.03% Cu, 0.62% Mn, 4.6% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0009% Be, and the balance is Al.

[0075] (2) Ultrasonic vibration is not applied to assist wire drawing during the processing.

[0076] Table 2 shows the low-temperature impact resistance of the deposited metal of the welding wire of the examples and the comparative examples. As can be seen from Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, when the ratio of aluminum and magnesium is less than 15.5 or greater than 17.2, the low-temperature impact toughness is poor, the strength does not reach the ideal strength, and the application scene requirements cannot be met. As can be seen from Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 3-6, only the appropriate component design and reasonable component ratio can effectively improve the low-temperature impact resistance of the material.

[0077] Table 3 shows the corrosion resistance of the deposited metal of the welding wire of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 6, and the test standard is GB / T40299-2021.

[0078] Table 3 shows the corrosion resistance of the deposited metal of the welding wire of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 6, and the test standard is GB / T40299-2021.

[0079]

[0080] As can be seen from Table 3, increasing the content of Mn in the alloy can improve the decrease in corrosion resistance of the alloy caused by the addition of Li.

[0081] In summary, by precisely controlling the ratio of Al and Mg (15.5-17.3:1) in the aluminum alloy welding wire and designing multi-element micro-alloying (Sc, Li, Mn, Zr), the welding wire has excellent impact toughness in a-196℃ ultra-low temperature environment.

[0082] Based on the above ideal embodiments according to the present application, through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the contents of the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire, characterized in that: The welding wire is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 0.08-0.14% Si, 0.23-0.32% Fe, 0.08-0.12% Cu, 1.1-1.5% Mn, 5.28-5.84% Mg, 0.11-0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03-0.04% Ti, 0.0007-0.0009% Be, 0.35-0.41% Sc, 0.1-0.13% Zr, 0.6-0.8% Li, and the balance is Al, wherein the mass ratio of Al to Mg is 15.5-17.3:

1. The preparation method of the welding wire comprises the following steps: (1) Aluminum liquid is smelted into a melt, and an alloy or material that does not contain the Zr element is added during the smelting process; the alloy or material that does not contain the Zr element includes Al-Sc master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, pure lithium and sodium silicate; (2) Continuous casting to form a casting body, during which Al-Zr alloy is added; (3) Continuous rolling: the casting is heated to 380-440°C before reaching the rolling die, rolled into a round rod, and then subjected to crystallization annealing to make a continuous rolled wire rod; (4) Finish rolling, which involves rolling the continuous rolled wire rod for 3 to 5 passes; (5) cold working the finished rolled wire rod to obtain welding wire; the cold working includes scraping, drawing, and polishing; high-frequency ultrasound is used in the drawing process; The specific steps of smelting in step (1) are as follows: adding aluminum ingots, raising the temperature to 700-800°C, holding the ingots for 10 minutes after they are completely melted, and then performing electromagnetic stirring; heating the ingots to 900-1000°C, adding Al-Sc intermediate alloy, stirring them thoroughly, lowering the temperature to 750-850°C, adding Al-Mn intermediate alloy, stirring them thoroughly, introducing argon gas, lowering the temperature to 650-750°C, gradually adding pure lithium, stirring them thoroughly, lowering the temperature to 650-680°C, adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring; maintaining the temperature at 650-680°C, using a jet to blow pure argon gas into the melt for refining, letting it stand for 15-25 minutes, and then skimming the slag; introducing argon gas for degassing; sampling the melt in the furnace and filtering after the components are qualified; The temperature of the continuous casting launder in step (2) is controlled at 650-700°C.

2. The method for preparing the low temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the casting process described in step (2), Al-Zr alloy is added to the melt. After the melt reaches the cooling steel belt, three-way water cooling is turned on, and the water flow rates are 20 L / min, 17 L / min, and 12 L / min, respectively. After casting, it becomes a trapezoidal rod.

3. The method for preparing the low temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous rolling speed in step (3) is 20-30 m / s.

4. The method for preparing the low temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finishing rolling speed in step (4) is 20-30 m / s.

5. The method for preparing the low temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency ultrasonic frequency in step (5) is 15kHz~32kHz.

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