A special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to a special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism, which relates to the field of mechanical processing equipment. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application includes at least two groups of positioning and clamping devices, the positioning and clamping devices include a mounting component, an inner hole clamping component and a positioning component, the inner hole clamping component includes a clamping mounting structure, a clamping drive structure and a clamping structure, the clamping mounting structure is fixed on the mounting component, the clamping drive structure passes through the clamping mounting structure and is connected with the clamping structure, so as to be able to drive the clamping structure to pass through the hole on the special-shaped workpiece to clamp the special-shaped workpiece on the clamping mounting structure, the positioning component abuts against the special-shaped workpiece, so as to be able to limit the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece when clamped on the clamping mounting structure, the mounting components in different groups of positioning and clamping devices are arranged on at least two different planes, which can ensure the stability of the clamping of the special-shaped workpiece and increase the number of processes that can be processed in one clamping operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing equipment, and in particular to a special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism. Background Art

[0002] A CNC milling machine is a type of machining equipment that performs milling operations under the control of a numerical control system. It boasts high precision and automation. A machining center is a CNC milling machine equipped with a tool magazine, which allows for the replacement of different machining tools. This allows multiple tools to be used in a single setup to process multiple different parts and processes, further improving automation and efficiency.

[0003] When using a machining center to process a workpiece, the workpiece needs to be clamped and fixed on the clamping mechanism, and different parts of the clamped workpiece need to be processed. However, in the same clamping state, the exposed processing parts on the workpiece are limited, which limits the number of processes that can be processed in one clamping and the improvement of the machining center's processing efficiency. In addition, for some special-shaped workpieces, such as the left short longitudinal bracket on the car, there are few clamping surfaces suitable for clamping and fixing except for the part to be processed, making it difficult to form an effective clamping and fixing of the special-shaped workpiece. The processing stress of milling processing is usually large, and insufficient clamping and fixing force can easily cause the special-shaped workpiece to shift in position during the processing process, resulting in the scrapping of the workpiece.

[0004] Existing clamping mechanisms for irregularly shaped workpieces typically utilize two opposing clamping seats, each equipped with a workpiece-copying member. A clamping drive mechanism drives one clamping seat relative to the other, clamping the irregularly shaped workpiece between the two members. This clamping method primarily relies on friction between the copying member and the workpiece to clamp the irregularly shaped workpiece, making it difficult to ensure reliable clamping. Existing clamping mechanisms can only clamp irregularly shaped workpieces in a fixed position, limiting the exposed machining area on the workpiece and limiting the number of processes that can be performed in a machining center. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to ensure the stability of clamping of special-shaped workpieces and increase the number of processes that can be processed in one clamping operation, the present application provides a special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism.

[0006] The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism provided in this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism includes at least two groups of positioning and clamping devices, the positioning and clamping devices include a mounting component, an inner hole clamping component and a positioning component, the inner hole clamping component includes a clamping mounting structure, a clamping drive structure and a clamping structure, the clamping mounting structure is fixed on the mounting component, the clamping drive structure passes through the clamping mounting structure and is connected to the clamping structure, so as to be able to drive the clamping structure through the hole on the special-shaped workpiece to clamp the special-shaped workpiece on the clamping mounting structure, the positioning component abuts against the special-shaped workpiece to be able to limit the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece when clamped on the clamping mounting structure, and the mounting components in different groups of the positioning and clamping devices are arranged on at least two different planes.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the clamping drive structure is connected to the clamping structure through the clamping mounting structure, so that the special-shaped workpiece can be clamped between the clamping mounting structure and the clamping structure. The clamping drive structure is pulled through the hole in the special-shaped workpiece to clamp and fix the special-shaped workpiece from the periphery of the hole. The hole in the special-shaped workpiece and the clamping mounting structures and clamping structures at both ends of the hole are used to clamp and fix the special-shaped workpiece, thereby ensuring the reliability of the clamping and fixing of the special-shaped workpiece. By arranging at least two groups of positioning clamping devices on the clamping mechanism and arranging the mounting components in different groups on at least two different planes, the special-shaped workpiece clamped on the different groups of positioning clamping devices can be placed in different spatial positions, thereby effectively exposing different parts to be processed on the special-shaped workpiece. Therefore, more parts to be processed on the special-shaped workpiece clamped on different positioning clamping devices can be processed by the machining center in a single clamping operation, thereby increasing the number of parts to be processed that can be processed in a single clamping operation and improving the machining efficiency of the machining center.

[0009] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a clamping mounting hole is provided on the mounting component, the clamping drive structure is provided on one side of the clamping mounting hole on the mounting component, and the clamping mounting structure is fixed on the other side of the clamping mounting hole on the mounting component, and the clamping mounting structure includes a positioning rib and a positioning cylinder, the positioning rib is provided at one end of the positioning cylinder and is perpendicular to the positioning cylinder, a clamping through hole corresponding to the clamping mounting hole is provided in the positioning cylinder, and a hole wall positioning surface matching the hole on the special-shaped workpiece is provided on the outside, an end face positioning surface is provided on the side of the positioning rib adjacent to the positioning cylinder, and the clamping drive structure is connected to the clamping structure through the clamping mounting hole and the clamping through hole.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the hole wall positioning surface provided on the outside of the positioning cylinder and the end surface positioning surface provided on one side of the positioning rib can support the special-shaped workpiece from two mutually perpendicular directions: the side wall and the end surface of the hole in the special-shaped workpiece, which is conducive to improving the positional stability of the special-shaped workpiece after clamping. By arranging the clamping drive structure and the clamping structure on both sides of the clamping mounting structure, the clamping drive structure can drive the clamping structure to generate a stronger traction force on the other end of the clamping mounting structure, tightly pressing the special-shaped workpiece against the clamping mounting structure, thereby improving the convenience and reliability of clamping the special-shaped workpiece.

[0011] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the clamping structure includes a clamping push rod, a pressure plate support seat, a push rod support plate and a pressure plate. The clamping drive structure is a clamping hydraulic cylinder. The clamping push rod is connected to the clamping drive structure. The pressure plate support seat is arranged in the clamping mounting structure. One end of the push rod support plate is hinged to the pressure plate support seat, and the other end is hinged to the middle area of ​​the pressure plate. There are at least two pressure plates, which are arranged radially along the positioning surface of the hole wall. The inner end of the pressure plate is hinged to the clamping push rod.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the inner end of the pressure plate is hinged to the clamping push rod, the middle portion is hinged to the push rod support plate, and the push rod support plate is hinged to the pressure plate support seat. When the clamping push rod is extended, the outer end of the pressure plate is driven to move outward and toward the mounting structure, and the end of the push rod support plate is driven to rotate outward, pressing the outer portion of the pressure plate against the end of the irregular workpiece hole, thereby reliably clamping the irregular workpiece. When the clamping push rod is retracted, the outer end of the pressure plate is driven to move inward and away from the mounting structure, and the end of the push rod support plate is driven to rotate inward, causing the outer portion of the pressure plate to move away from the end of the irregular workpiece hole and shrink inward as a whole to the corresponding range of the clamping hole, thereby facilitating the smooth removal of the irregular workpiece. By utilizing at least two pressure plates radially arranged along the positioning surface of the hole wall, the end of the irregular workpiece hole can be pressed at at least two locations circumferentially of the irregular workpiece hole, further improving the reliability of the irregular workpiece clamping.

[0013] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a positioning inner rib is provided on the clamping mounting structure at one end of the clamping hole, and the pressure plate support seat includes a support seat plate and a support piece mounting block. A seat plate hole is provided in the middle of the support seat plate, and the support piece mounting block is symmetrically arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the support seat plate. The support seat plate rests on the positioning inner rib, and the push rod support plate is hinged to the support piece mounting block.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning inner rib provided on the clamping mounting structure at one end of the clamping hole can effectively support the pressure plate support seat, and the push rod support piece provides support for the pressure plate, generating sufficient clamping force at the outer end of the pressure plate. The support piece mounting blocks symmetrically arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the support seat plate facilitate the formation of an articulated connection with the push rod support piece, and limit the offset range of the push rod support piece and the connection end of the pressure plate when the clamping push rod is extended or retracted.

[0015] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the mounting components in at least one group of the positioning and clamping devices are Z-shaped mounting plates, and a first mounting plate portion and a second mounting plate portion parallel to each other are provided at both ends of the Z-shaped mounting plate, and the clamping mounting holes are provided on the first mounting plate portion, and a horizontal positioning plate perpendicular to the first mounting plate portion and the second mounting plate portion is provided on one side of the first mounting plate portion and the second mounting plate portion, and is fixed to the workbench of the machine tool through the horizontal positioning plate, so that the cross-section of the clamping mounting hole is perpendicular to the workbench.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and utilizing a horizontal positioning plate that is perpendicular to the first mounting plate portion and the second mounting plate portion, when the horizontal positioning plate is installed on the workbench, the first mounting plate portion and the second mounting plate portion on the Z-shaped mounting plate can be abutted against the workbench from different vertical planes, thereby improving the stability of the installation position of the Z-shaped mounting plate on the workbench while making the cross section of the clamping mounting hole perpendicular to the workbench.

[0017] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the positioning component includes a positioning pin seat and a special-shaped workpiece positioning pin, the second mounting plate portion is provided with a mounting groove, the positioning pin seat is provided with a mounting slider, the positioning pin seat is slidably installed on the second mounting plate portion through the cooperation of the mounting slider and the mounting groove, the special-shaped workpiece positioning pin is fixed on the positioning pin seat, and can be rested on the hole on the special-shaped workpiece.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning component can be installed at different positions on the second mounting plate portion by utilizing the cooperation between the mounting slide on the positioning pin seat and the mounting groove on the second mounting plate portion, thereby adjusting the clamping angle of the special-shaped workpiece on the clamping mounting structure, so that the processing surface on the special-shaped workpiece is located on a horizontal plane, facilitating processing of the processing surface by the machining center. The special-shaped workpiece positioning pin fixed to the positioning pin seat can be abutted against a hole on the special-shaped workpiece away from the clamping hole, thereby improving the stability of the positioning of the special-shaped workpiece in the rotational state.

[0019] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application also includes an L-mounting plate and a bridge plate. There are two L-mounting plates, and the two L-mounting plates are respectively mounted on the four-axis turntable and the disc tailstock of the machine tool, and can rotate under the drive of the four-axis turntable. L-shaped mounting steps are provided on the opposite surfaces of the L-mounting plates, and the two ends of the bridge plate are respectively fixed on the L-shaped mounting steps, and at least one group of the mounting components in the positioning and clamping device is fixed on the bridge plate.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, bridge plates can be arranged on the two L-mounting plates by using L-mounting plates respectively mounted on the machine tool's four-axis turntable and the disc tailstock, so that the bridge plates rotate with the rotation of the machine tool's four-axis turntable, thereby forming a mounting base with different rotation angles. At least one set of positioning clamping devices fixed to the bridge plates by mounting components can enable the clamping mounting structure in at least one set of positioning clamping devices to rotate with the rotation of the bridge plates, thereby changing the spatial position of the special-shaped workpiece clamped on the clamping mounting structure without re-clamping the special-shaped workpiece, thereby facilitating the processing of the to-be-machined surfaces at different positions on the special-shaped workpiece.

[0021] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the mounting component is a mounting plate, a clamping mounting hole is provided on the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is arranged on the bridge plate so that the cross section of the clamping mounting hole is parallel to the bridge plate.

[0022] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution and utilizing the mounting plate arranged on the bridge plate, the clamping mounting holes arranged on the mounting plate can be changed as the bridge plate rotates, thereby changing the inclination angle of the plane where the cross section of the clamping mounting holes is located, which is also conducive to forming different planar positions of the mounting components in different groups of positioning and clamping devices within the installation space.

[0023] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the positioning component includes a positioning pushing structure and a fixed positioning structure, and the positioning pushing structure and the fixed positioning structure are relatively arranged on one side of the mounting plate on the bridge plate. The positioning pushing structure can push the special-shaped workpiece from one side of the special-shaped workpiece so that the other side of the special-shaped workpiece rests on the fixed positioning structure.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, using the positioning and pushing structure and the fixed positioning structure respectively arranged on both sides of the installation position of the special-shaped workpiece, the special-shaped workpiece can be pressed from both sides respectively, thereby improving the stability of the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece clamped on the clamping installation structure.

[0025] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the positioning pushing structure includes a positioning hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder push rod, the hydraulic cylinder push rod is fixed on the positioning hydraulic cylinder, and the positioning hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the bridge plate, so that the hydraulic cylinder push rod is facing the position of the fixed positioning structure; the fixed positioning structure includes a fixed locator and a locator replacement head, the fixed locator is fixed on the bridge plate, and the locator replacement head is detachably connected to the fixed locator so that it can abut against the special-shaped workpiece through the locator replacement head.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, a hydraulic cylinder push rod fixed to the positioning hydraulic cylinder can be used to generate a stable driving force on one side of the special-shaped workpiece, and a pressing thrust can be generated on one side of the special-shaped workpiece at the side of the clamping position of the special-shaped workpiece, thereby pressing the special-shaped workpiece against the fixed positioning structure, thereby improving the stability of the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece after clamping. By using a locator replacement head that is detachably connected to the fixed locator and abuts against the special-shaped workpiece, different contact position shapes that are compatible with different special-shaped workpieces can be set on different locator replacement heads. By replacing the locator replacement head, the fixed positioning structure can form stable positioning for special-shaped workpieces of different shapes. The locator replacement head can also be easily replaced after wear, thereby ensuring the consistency of the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece after clamping.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] By arranging the mounting components in different groups of positioning and clamping devices on at least two different planes, the inner hole clamping components and positioning components installed on the mounting components can clamp and position the special-shaped workpiece on different planes, forming different spatial position states after the special-shaped workpiece is clamped. As a result, the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application can clamp several special-shaped workpieces in different rotation states at one time, and the machining center can be used to process multiple surfaces to be machined at different positions on different special-shaped workpieces, thereby improving the machining efficiency of the machining center on special-shaped workpieces.

[0029] By passing through the clamping driving structure connected to the clamping structure, a clamping force toward the clamping mounting structure can be applied to the clamping structure, and the two ends of the hole on the special-shaped workpiece are clamped between the clamping structure and the clamping mounting structure, thereby forming a stable clamping force on the special-shaped workpiece and improving the reliability of clamping the special-shaped workpiece on the clamping mounting structure.

[0030] By setting an L-mounting plate on the four-axis turntable and the disc tailstock of the machine tool, fixing the bridge plate on the L-mounting plate, and setting some positioning clamping devices on the bridge plate, the bridge plate and the positioning clamping devices set on the bridge plate can be driven to rotate by the turntables on all sides, thereby changing the spatial rotation position of the special-shaped workpiece clamped on the positioning clamping device, thereby effectively exposing the surfaces to be processed at different positions on the special-shaped workpiece, allowing the machine tool to conveniently process the surfaces to be processed at different positions on the special-shaped workpiece, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the machine tool in processing special-shaped workpieces.

[0031] By setting the push rod support piece to a structure in which one end is hinged to the pressure plate support seat and the other end is hinged to the middle part of the pressure plate, when the clamping push rod is extended to drive the outer side of the pressure plate to clamp the hole end of the special-shaped workpiece, the end of the push rod support piece connected to the pressure plate can be driven to rotate outward, thereby ensuring that the outer end of the pressure plate reliably clamps the special-shaped workpiece; and when the clamping push rod retracts to drive the pressure plate to release the special-shaped workpiece, the end of the push rod support piece connected to the pressure plate is driven to rotate inward, so that the pressure plate as a whole is contracted to the corresponding range of the clamping through hole, thereby ensuring smooth unloading of the special-shaped workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion state of the installation components in one embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping structure in one embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the Z-shaped mounting plate in one embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective of an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the L mounting plate structure in one embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Mounting component; 101. Clamping mounting hole; 11. Z-shaped mounting plate; 111. First mounting plate portion; 112. Second mounting plate portion; 1121. Mounting slide; 113. Horizontal positioning plate; 114. Connecting plate portion; 12. Mounting plate; 2. Inner hole clamping component; 201. Hole wall positioning surface; 202. End surface positioning surface; 21. Clamping mounting structure; 211. Positioning rib; 212. Positioning cylinder; 213. Clamping through hole; 214. Inner rib; 22. Clamping drive structure; 23. Clamping structure; 231. Clamping push rod; 232. Pressure plate support seat; 2321. Support seat plate; 2322. Support plate mounting block; 2323. Seat plate hole; 233. Push rod support plate; 234. Pressure plate; 3. Positioning component; 31. Positioning pin seat; 311. Mounting slide; 32. Special-shaped workpiece positioning pin; 33. Positioning pushing structure; 331. Positioning hydraulic cylinder; 332. Hydraulic cylinder push rod; 34. Fixed positioning structure; 341. Fixed positioner; 342. Positioner replacement head; 4. Special-shaped workpiece; 51. Workbench; 52. Four-axis turntable; 53. Disc tailstock; 54. Oil pipe straightener; 55. Rotary joint connecting seat; 6. L-shaped mounting plate; 61. L-shaped mounting step; 7. Bridge plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] An embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, such as Figure 1As shown, at least two sets of positioning and clamping devices are provided, for example, four sets of positioning and clamping devices are provided. Each set of positioning and clamping devices includes a mounting component 1, an inner hole clamping component 2, and a positioning component 3. The mounting component 1 is used to fix and position the inner hole clamping component 2 and the positioning component 3. The inner hole clamping component 2 is mounted on the mounting component 1. When processing a special-shaped workpiece 4, the special-shaped workpiece 4 usually has some holes for connecting to the rotating shaft. For example, the middle area of ​​the left longitudinal short bracket used in an automobile is provided with a hole that is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The inner hole clamping component 2 is used to clamp the special-shaped workpiece 4 through the hole on the special-shaped workpiece 4 and clamp the special-shaped workpiece 4 on the inner hole clamping component 2. The positioning component 3 is provided on the mounting component 1 or in the vicinity of the mounting component 1, and is used to limit the special-shaped workpiece 4 on one side of the hole for clamping on the special-shaped workpiece 4 to prevent the special-shaped workpiece 4 from rotating on the inner hole clamping component.

[0042] The internal hole clamping component 2 includes a clamping mounting structure 21, a clamping drive structure 22, and a clamping structure 23. The clamping mounting structure 21 is fixed to the mounting component 1 and forms a clamping reference for the irregularly shaped workpiece 4. The clamping drive structure 22 can utilize any suitable structure capable of driving the clamping structure 23 to clamp the irregularly shaped workpiece 4, such as a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or an electric drive structure. The clamping drive structure 22 is connected to the clamping structure 23 and is disposed through the mounting component 1 and the clamping mounting structure 21. When the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is inserted through the hole of the clamping mounting structure 21, the end of the clamping structure 23 extends through the hole in the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 and out of the end face of the hole. Control the movement of the clamping drive structure 22, and the clamping drive structure 22 can pull the clamping structure 23 to move, push the special-shaped workpiece 4 from the end of one end of the hole on the special-shaped workpiece 4 to move toward the clamping mounting structure 21, and press the end of the other end of the hole on the clamping mounting structure 21, clamp the special-shaped workpiece 4 from both ends of the hole, form a clamping of the special-shaped workpiece 4 on the clamping mounting structure 21, and improve the stability of the clamping of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0043] After the hole of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is fitted onto the clamping structure 21, the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is typically rotated so that one side of the hole of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 abuts against the positioning component 3, thereby limiting the rotational position of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 on the clamping structure 21. With the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 fixed in its rotational state, the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is clamped. After the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is clamped, the portion to be machined on the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is positioned for easy machining. Furthermore, the positioning component 3's restriction of the rotational position of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 also helps improve the positional stability of the clamped irregularly shaped workpiece 4.

[0044] In at least two groups of positioning clamping devices, the mounting components 1 of different groups of positioning clamping devices are installed on different mounting surfaces, so that the mounting components 1 in multiple groups of positioning clamping devices are located on at least two different intersecting planes. In this way, the clamping mounting structure 21 fixed on the mounting component 1 and the special-shaped workpiece 4 clamped on the clamping mounting structure 21 can be in different flipping states, thereby exposing the parts to be processed at different positions on the outer peripheral surface of the special-shaped workpiece 4. In this way, multiple special-shaped workpieces 4 in different flipping states can be clamped on the clamping mechanism at one time, so that the machine tool can process more parts to be processed at different positions on the special-shaped workpiece 4 clamped on the clamping mechanism at one time in different flipping states, and can even process all parts to be processed on the special-shaped workpiece 4. The processing of all parts to be processed on the special-shaped workpiece 4 can be carried out on the same machine tool using the clamping on the same clamping mechanism, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0045] In some embodiments of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, a clamping mounting hole 101 is provided on the mounting component 1, the clamping drive structure 22 is fixed on one side of the clamping mounting hole 101 on the mounting component 1, and the clamping mounting structure 21 is fixed on the other side of the clamping mounting hole 101 on the mounting component 1, so that the clamping drive structure 22 and the clamping mounting structure 21 are both directly fixed on the mounting component 1, thereby improving the stability of the relative position between the clamping drive structure 22 and the clamping mounting structure 21 after the driving force of the clamping drive structure 22 acts on the clamping mounting structure 21 through the clamping structure 23 and the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0046] The clamping mounting structure 21 includes an integrally connected positioning rib 211 and a positioning cylinder 212. The positioning rib 211 is disposed at the end of one end of the positioning cylinder 212 and is arranged perpendicular to the positioning cylinder 212. A clamping hole 213 is provided at the center of the positioning cylinder 212, penetrating the positioning rib. The positioning rib 211 is provided with a mounting hole. The positioning rib 211 is fixed to the mounting component 1 by screws passing through the mounting hole, so that the clamping hole 213 is located opposite the clamping mounting hole 101. The outer side of the positioning cylinder 212 is provided with a hole wall positioning surface 201. When the special-shaped workpiece 4 is clamped to the clamping mounting structure, the hole on the special-shaped workpiece 4 is sleeved on the positioning cylinder 212, and the hole wall positioning surface 201 cooperates with the hole wall to form a circumferential positioning for the special-shaped workpiece 4. The end face of the positioning rib 211 on the side where the positioning cylinder 212 is located is set as the end face positioning surface 202. After the hole of the special-shaped workpiece 4 is sleeved on the positioning cylinder 212, the end face of the hole abuts against the end face positioning surface 202, forming axial positioning of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0047] The clamping drive structure 22 passes through the clamping mounting hole 101 and the clamping through hole 213 from one side of the mounting component 1 and is connected to the clamping structure 23. Driven by the clamping drive structure 22, the clamping structure 23 is pressed against the end face of the hole on the special-shaped workpiece 4 away from the positioning retaining edge 211, clamping the special-shaped workpiece 4 between the clamping structure 23 and the positioning retaining edge 211, thereby forming a reliable clamping of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the clamping structure 23 includes a clamping push rod 231, a pressure plate support seat 232, a push rod support piece 233, and a pressure plate 234. The clamping drive structure 22 uses a clamping hydraulic cylinder, which is fixed to the mounting component 1. The piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder passes through the mounting component 1 and the clamping mounting structure 21 fixed to the mounting component 1 and is fixedly connected to the clamping push rod 231. Alternatively, the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder can be directly used as the clamping push rod 231 without providing a separate clamping push rod 231.

[0049] The pressure plate support seat 232 is fixed within the clamping hole 213 of the clamping mounting structure 21. The clamping push rod 231 passes through the pressure plate support seat 232 and is hingedly connected to the inner end of the pressure plate 234. The inner end of the pressure plate 234 refers to the end of the pressure plate 234 that is closest to the clamping push rod 231. Two pressure plates 234 are provided, and the two pressure plates 234 are arranged in a diameter direction of the hole wall positioning surface 201. Hinged steps are provided on the side surfaces on the opposite sides of the inner ends of the two pressure plates 234. The two pressure plates 234 are hingedly connected to the opposite sides of the clamping push rod 231 through the engagement of the hinged steps with the end of the clamping push rod 231.

[0050] One end of the push rod support piece 233 is hinged to the pressure plate support seat 232, and the other end is hinged to the middle area of ​​the pressure plate 234. The push rod support piece 233 is used to support the middle part of the pressure plate 234. When the clamping push rod 231 is pushed axially, the inner end of the pressure plate 234 is pushed outward through the clamping hole 213, so that the pressure plate 234 rotates around the hinge axis with the push rod support piece 233, and the outer end of the pressure plate 234 moves toward the positioning retaining edge 211, so that the outer ends of the two pressure plates 234 are respectively pressed on the opposite sides of the end face of the hole on the special-shaped workpiece 4, and the special-shaped workpiece 4 is reliably clamped on the clamping mounting structure 21.

[0051] As a specific embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a positioning inner rib 214 is provided on the clamping mounting structure 21 at one end of the clamping hole 213. The pressure plate support seat 232 includes a support seat plate 2321 and a support plate mounting block 2322 integrally connected to the same side of the support seat plate 2321. The number of support plate mounting blocks 2322 is the same as the number of pressure plates 234, for example, two are provided for each. A seat plate hole 2323 is provided in the middle of the support seat plate 2321, and two support plate mounting blocks 2322 are symmetrically arranged around the support seat plate 2321.

[0052] After the pressure plate support seat 232 is installed in the clamping hole 213, the support seat plate 2321 abuts against the positioning inner rib 214, using the positioning inner rib 214 to support the axial position of the pressure plate support seat 232. The clamping push rod 231 passes through the hole in the center of the inner rib 214 and is hinged to the pressure plate 234. The two sides of the support plate mounting block 2322 are provided with mutually parallel side surfaces. Four push rod support plates 233 are provided, and one push rod support plate 233 is hinged to each side of each support plate mounting block 2322. The two push rod support plates 233 on both sides of the same support plate mounting block 2322 are hinged to the support plate mounting block 2322 via the same hinge axis. The other ends of the two push rod support plates 233 are also hinged to both sides of the middle of the same pressure plate 234 via the same hinge axis.

[0053] The hinge 233 of the push rod 231 is connected to the clamping plate 234, and the hinge 233 of the push rod 231 is connected to the clamping plate 234. When the clamping push rod 231 moves axially and pushes the pressing plate 234 to rotate, the vertical distance between the end of the push rod support piece 233 and the clamping push rod 231 will change: when the clamping push rod 231 is pushed out, the pressing plate 234 is rotated to a state close to vertical with the clamping push rod 231. When the special-shaped workpiece 4 is clamped, the vertical distance between the end of the push rod support piece 233 and the clamping push rod 231 becomes larger, pushing the outer end of the pressing plate 234 to extend outward, making the outer end of the pressing plate 234 longer. The clamping plate 234 is partially pressed on the special-shaped workpiece 4, thereby improving the clamping effect of the special-shaped workpiece 4; when the clamping push rod 231 retracts, the pressure plate 234 rotates to a large angle inclined state with the clamping push rod 231, so that the distal end of the pressure plate 234 leaves the special-shaped workpiece 4, and the vertical distance between the end of the push rod support piece 233 and the clamping push rod 231 becomes smaller, pushing the outer end of the pressure plate 234 and the end of the push rod support piece 233 to retract inward at the same time, so that the pressure plate 234 and the push rod support piece 233 are as a whole within the range corresponding to the clamping through hole 213, which facilitates the removal of the special-shaped workpiece 4 from the clamping mounting structure 21, thereby completing the unloading operation of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0054] In some embodiments of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the mounting components 1 of at least one of the multiple positioning and clamping devices use a Z-shaped mounting plate 11, and typically, the mounting components 1 of two positioning and clamping devices use a Z-shaped mounting plate 11. The Z-shaped mounting plate 11 includes a first mounting plate portion 111 and a second mounting plate portion 112 at both ends. The first mounting plate portion 111 and the second mounting plate portion 112 are connected to each other via a connecting plate portion 114. The first mounting plate portion 111 and the second mounting plate portion 112 are arranged parallel to each other, and the connecting plate portion 114 is connected between the adjacent ends of the first mounting plate portion 111 and the second mounting plate portion 112, and is arranged perpendicular to both the first mounting plate portion 111 and the second mounting plate portion 112.

[0055] A horizontal positioning plate 113 is provided on one side of the first mounting plate portion 111 and the second mounting plate portion 112, perpendicular to the first mounting plate portion 111, the second mounting plate portion 112, and the connecting plate portion 114. The horizontal positioning plate 113 is provided with mounting holes and is fixed to the workbench 51 of the machine tool through the mounting holes, so that the first mounting plate portion 111, the second mounting plate portion 112, and the connecting plate portion 114 are all perpendicular to the workbench 51. The clamping mounting hole 101 is provided on the first mounting plate portion 111 so that the cross section of the clamping mounting hole 101 is perpendicular to the workbench 51, which facilitates the processing of the to-be-processed portion on the side of the special-shaped workpiece 4 that is parallel to the hole used for clamping.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the positioning component 3 includes a positioning pin holder 31 and a special-shaped workpiece positioning pin 32. The special-shaped workpiece positioning pin 32 is fixed to the end face of the positioning pin holder 31. A mounting slot 1121 is provided on the second mounting plate portion 112, perpendicular to the workbench 51. A mounting slide 311 is provided on the end face of the positioning pin holder 31 opposite the special-shaped workpiece positioning pin 32. The positioning pin holder 31 is slidably mounted on the second mounting plate portion 112 through the engagement between the mounting slide 311 and the mounting slot 1121.

[0057] When mounting the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 on the clamping structure 21, the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is rotated so that the holes on the side of the clamping structure 21 on the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 fit over the irregularly shaped workpiece positioning pins 32, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 on the clamping structure 21. By adjusting the installation position of the positioning pin holder 31 in the mounting slot 1121, the rotation angle of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 can be adjusted, ensuring that the corresponding part to be processed on the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 is in a state that is easier to process.

[0058] In some embodiments of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, such as Figure 5As shown, the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application also includes an L mounting plate 6 and a bridge plate 7. Two L mounting plates 6 are provided, and the two L mounting plates 6 are respectively mounted on the four-axis turntable 52 and the disc tailstock 53 of the machine tool. Figure 6 As shown, an L-shaped mounting step 61 is provided on the end surface of one end of the L-mounting plate 6. The two L-mounting plates 6 are arranged relative to each other on the four-axis turntable 52 and the disc tailstock 53, so that the L-shaped mounting steps 61 are located on opposite surfaces of the L-mounting plates 6. The ends of the bridge plate 7 are respectively fixed to the L-shaped mounting steps 61 of the two L-mounting plates 6. When the four-axis turntable 52 rotates, the bridge plate 7 and the disc tailstock 53 can be driven to rotate through the L-mounting plates 6, so that the bridge plate 7 is located on a plane with different inclination angles with respect to the horizontal plane. The disc tailstock 53 ensures that the bridge plate 7 rotates smoothly and steadily.

[0059] An oil pipe straightener 54 can also be set on the four-axis turntable 52 and the disc tailstock 53. The oil pipe straightener 54 is rotatably connected to the four-axis turntable 52 or the disc tailstock 53 through a rotary joint connecting seat 55, and is connected to the L mounting plate 6. The L mounting plate 6 is used to extend the oil circuit of the machine tool hydraulic oil to the bridge plate 7 to provide hydraulic oil for the hydraulic device on the bridge plate 7.

[0060] At least one of the multiple sets of positioning and clamping devices is mounted and fixed on the bridge plate 7, and usually two sets of positioning and clamping devices are mounted and fixed on the bridge plate 7. By driving the bridge plate 7 to rotate via the four-axis turntable 52, the special-shaped workpiece 4 clamped on the corresponding clamping mounting structure 21 can be synchronously flipped, thereby better exposing different positions of the special-shaped workpiece 4 to be processed.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, as Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the mounting member 1 in the positioning and clamping device mounted on the bridge plate 7 uses a mounting plate 12, and the clamping and mounting hole 101 is provided in the middle of the mounting plate 12. The mounting plate 12 is fixed to the bridge plate 7 so that the cross section of the clamping and mounting hole 101 is parallel to the bridge plate 7. By controlling the rotation angle of the bridge plate 7, the inclination angle of the cross section of the clamping and mounting hole 101 can be adjusted.

[0062] In a further preferred embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, as Figure 5As shown, the positioning component 3 includes a positioning pushing structure 33 and a fixed positioning structure 34. The positioning pushing structure 33 and the fixed positioning structure 34 are fixed on the same side of the mounting plate 12 on the bridge plate 7, and are arranged opposite to each other on the bridge plate 7. When the special-shaped workpiece 4 is mounted on the clamping mounting structure 21, the special-shaped workpiece 4 passes between the positioning pushing structure 33 and the fixed positioning structure 34. The positioning pushing structure 33 can use various structural parts that can generate linear pushing motion. The positioning pushing structure 33 pushes the special-shaped workpiece 4 from one side of the special-shaped workpiece 4, so that the special-shaped workpiece 4 rotates on the clamping mounting structure 21 toward the fixed positioning structure 34, so that the side of the special-shaped workpiece 4 opposite to the positioning pushing structure 33 rests on the fixed positioning structure 34, and the fixed positioning structure 34 is used to limit the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece 4 on the clamping mounting structure 21, so that the special-shaped workpiece 4 can be processed in the same state, and the stability of the processing quality of the special-shaped workpiece 4 is maintained.

[0063] As a specific embodiment of the special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism of the present application, Figure 5 As shown, the positioning and pushing structure 33 includes a positioning hydraulic cylinder 331 and a hydraulic cylinder push rod 332. The positioning hydraulic cylinder 331 is fixed to the bridge plate 7, with its piston rod oriented toward the fixed positioning structure 34. The hydraulic cylinder push rod 332 is fixed to the piston rod of the positioning hydraulic cylinder 331 and is configured to abut against the side of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 and extend the pushing distance of the piston rod of the positioning hydraulic cylinder 331. The end of the hydraulic cylinder push rod 332 may also be provided with a contoured surface that matches the side profile of the irregularly shaped workpiece 4 to prevent slippage between the end of the hydraulic cylinder push rod 332 and the irregularly shaped workpiece 4.

[0064] The fixed positioning structure 34 includes a fixed positioner 341 and a positioner replacement head 342. The fixed positioner 341 is fixed to a set position on the bridge plate 7, and the positioner replacement head 342 is detachably connected to the side of the fixed positioner 341 adjacent to the positioning pushing structure 33. When the special-shaped workpiece 4 rotates toward the fixed positioning structure 34 under the push of the positioning pushing structure 33, the special-shaped workpiece 4 abuts against the positioner replacement head 342, limiting the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece 4. A contoured surface that is adapted to the outer shape of the contact portion of the special-shaped workpiece 4 can be provided on the positioner replacement head 342 to improve the stability of the position of the special-shaped workpiece 4 abutting against the position of the positioner replacement head 342. By replacing different positioner replacement heads 342, on the one hand, special-shaped workpieces 4 of different shapes can be adapted, and on the other hand, the positioner replacement head 342 with worn contact portions can be replaced to ensure the consistency of the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0065] An avoidance bevel 71 can also be provided on the bridge plate 7 on the side of the fixed positioning structure 34 adjacent to the positioning pushing structure 33. When the special-shaped workpiece 4 rotates under the push of the positioning pushing structure 33, the end of the special-shaped workpiece 4 moves in the avoidance bevel 71 to avoid interference between the protruding structure at the end of the special-shaped workpiece 4 and the bridge plate 7, thereby improving the stability of the clamping position of the special-shaped workpiece 4.

[0066] Throughout the description of this application, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "specific embodiment," and "preferred embodiment" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this application, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0067] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least two groups of positioning and clamping devices, wherein the positioning and clamping devices comprise a mounting component (1), an inner hole clamping component (2) and a positioning component (3), wherein the inner hole clamping component (2) comprises a clamping mounting structure (21), a clamping driving structure (22) and a clamping structure (23), wherein the clamping mounting structure (21) is fixed on the mounting component (1), the clamping driving structure (22) passes through the clamping mounting structure (21) and is connected to the clamping structure (23), so as to be able to drive the clamping structure (23) to pass through the hole on the special-shaped workpiece (4) to clamp the special-shaped workpiece (4) on the clamping mounting structure (21), and the positioning component (3) abuts against the special-shaped workpiece (4) to be able to limit the rotation state of the special-shaped workpiece (4) when clamped on the clamping mounting structure (21). The mounting components (1) in different groups of the positioning and clamping devices are arranged on at least two different planes; The mounting component (1) is provided with a clamping mounting hole (101), the clamping drive structure (22) is provided on one side of the clamping mounting hole (101) on the mounting component (1), the clamping mounting structure (21) is fixed on the other side of the clamping mounting hole (101) on the mounting component (1), the clamping mounting structure (21) comprises a positioning rib (211) and a positioning cylinder (212), the positioning rib (211) is provided at one end of the positioning cylinder (212), and is in contact with the positioning cylinder ( 212) are perpendicular to each other, a clamping through hole (213) corresponding to the clamping mounting hole (101) is provided in the positioning cylinder (212), a hole wall positioning surface (201) adapted to the hole on the special-shaped workpiece (4) is provided on the outside, an end surface positioning surface (202) is provided on a side of the positioning retaining edge (211) adjacent to the positioning cylinder (212), and the clamping drive structure (22) passes through the clamping mounting hole (101) and the clamping through hole (213) to be connected to the clamping structure (23); The clamping structure (23) includes a clamping push rod (231), a pressure plate support seat (232), a push rod support piece (233) and a pressure plate (234); the clamping drive structure (22) is a clamping hydraulic cylinder; the clamping push rod (231) is connected to the clamping drive structure (22); the pressure plate support seat (232) is arranged in the clamping installation structure (21); one end of the push rod support piece (233) is hinged to the pressure plate support seat (232), and the other end is hinged to the middle area of ​​the pressure plate (234); at least two pressure plates (234) are provided and are arranged along the radial direction of the hole wall positioning surface (201); the inner end of the pressure plate (234) is hinged to the clamping push rod (231); A positioning inner rib (214) is provided on the clamping mounting structure (21) at one end of the clamping through hole (213); the pressure plate support seat (232) comprises a support seat plate (2321) and a support piece mounting block (2322); a seat plate hole (2323) is provided in the middle of the support seat plate (2321); the support piece mounting block (2322) is symmetrically arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the support seat plate (2321); the support seat plate (2321) abuts against the positioning inner rib (214); and the push rod support plate (233) is hinged to the support piece mounting block (2322).

2. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting component (1) in at least one group of the positioning and clamping devices is a Z-shaped mounting plate (11), wherein a first mounting plate portion (111) and a second mounting plate portion (112) parallel to each other are provided at both ends of the Z-shaped mounting plate (11), the clamping mounting hole (101) is provided on the first mounting plate portion (111), and a horizontal positioning plate (113) perpendicular to the first mounting plate portion (111) and the second mounting plate portion (112) is provided on one side of the first mounting plate portion (111) and the second mounting plate portion (112), and is fixed to the workbench (51) of the machine tool through the horizontal positioning plate (113), so that the cross section of the clamping mounting hole (101) is perpendicular to the workbench (51).

3. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning component (3) includes a positioning pin seat (31) and a special-shaped workpiece positioning pin (32); a mounting slide groove (1121) is provided on the second mounting plate portion (112); a mounting slider (311) is provided on the positioning pin seat (31); the positioning pin seat (31) is slidably mounted on the second mounting plate portion (112) through the cooperation between the mounting slider (311) and the mounting slide groove (1121); the special-shaped workpiece positioning pin (32) is fixed on the positioning pin seat (31) and can be abutted against a hole on the special-shaped workpiece (4).

4. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an L-shaped mounting plate (6) and a bridge plate (7), wherein two L-shaped mounting plates (6) are provided, and the two L-shaped mounting plates (6) are respectively installed on the four-axis turntable (52) and the disc tailstock (53) of the machine tool, and can rotate under the drive of the four-axis turntable (52), and L-shaped mounting steps (61) are provided on the opposite surfaces of the L-shaped mounting plates (6), and the two ends of the bridge plate (7) are respectively fixed on the L-shaped mounting steps (61), and at least one group of the mounting components (1) in the positioning clamping device is fixed on the bridge plate (7).

5. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting component (1) is a mounting plate (12), and a clamping mounting hole (101) is provided on the mounting plate (12). The mounting plate (12) is arranged on the bridge plate (7) so that a cross section of the clamping mounting hole (101) is parallel to the bridge plate (7).

6. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning component (3) includes a positioning pushing structure (33) and a fixed positioning structure (34). The positioning pushing structure (33) and the fixed positioning structure (34) are relatively arranged on one side of the mounting plate (12) on the bridge plate (7). The positioning pushing structure (33) can push the special-shaped workpiece (4) from one side of the special-shaped workpiece (4), so that the other side of the special-shaped workpiece (4) abuts against the fixed positioning structure (34).

7. The special-shaped workpiece clamping mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positioning pushing structure (33) includes a positioning hydraulic cylinder (331) and a hydraulic cylinder push rod (332), wherein the hydraulic cylinder push rod (332) is fixed on the positioning hydraulic cylinder (331), and the positioning hydraulic cylinder (331) is fixed on the bridge plate (7), so that the hydraulic cylinder push rod (332) faces the position of the fixed positioning structure (34); the fixed positioning structure (34) includes a fixed positioner (341) and a positioner replacement head (342), wherein the fixed positioner (341) is fixed on the bridge plate (7), and the positioner replacement head (342) is detachably connected to the fixed positioner (341) so as to be able to abut against the special-shaped workpiece (4) through the positioner replacement head (342).

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