Self-lubricating grinding wheel based on cactus-imitated moistening guiding microstructure and preparation method of self-lubricating grinding wheel

Abstract

The invention relates to a grinding wheel with a bionic self-lubricating structure and a preparation method of the grinding wheel. The grinding wheel is suitable for green machining working conditions such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding. A point-groove composite microstructure network simulating cactus epidermis is constructed on the surface of an abrasive material layer of the grinding wheel, point-shaped micropores are used for embedding and storing a solid lubricant, and flow guide grooves are used for guiding an external cooling medium to directionally flow in the grinding process to take away heat and abrasive dust generated by grinding. The microstructure is preferably processed by adopting a water-guided laser mode, and the lubricant is prepared in a slurry form, is accurately deposited in micropores in a 3D printing mode, and is dried and cured to form a compact solid lubricating layer. In the actual grinding process, the lubricating agent is slowly released under the action of heat and shearing and is diffused to a contact area along a groove path to form a stable lubricating film. The grinding wheel of the structure has a certain chip containing space and self-sharpening performance at the same time, blockage and passivation of abrasive particles can be reduced, the service life of the grinding wheel is prolonged, and the grinding efficiency and the machining stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grinding processing, and in particular to a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-like lubrication microstructure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Grinding is a key process for achieving high surface and dimensional accuracy in precision manufacturing, and is particularly indispensable in aerospace, precision molds, and high-end equipment manufacturing. However, traditional grinding wheels suffer from severe abrasive wear during the grinding process due to their poor self-sharpening properties. Furthermore, the softening of the bond by heat causes a loss of wheel profile accuracy, forcing frequent downtime for wheel dressing during processing, severely reducing production efficiency and increasing operating and maintenance costs. Furthermore, due to inadequately designed chip removal channels, abrasive chips generated in the grinding zone are retained at the interface between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, exacerbating secondary abrasive wear and causing scratches on the machined surface. To mitigate thermal damage, the industry has long relied on external coolants for forced cooling. However, the toxic waste generated by the volatilization of mineral oil-based coolants at high temperatures not only pollutes the environment, but its recovery and disposal significantly increases processing costs. Using a coolant-free dry grinding process, while avoiding chemical contamination, results in a sharp increase in grinding zone temperature and an exponential increase in wheel wear, inevitably leading to a deterioration in workpiece surface quality. This ultimately creates an irreconcilable contradiction between poor processing quality and reduced process sustainability.

[0003] Patent publication number CN117001554A proposes a composite structure grinding wheel based on the bionic principle of desert beetles and rice leaves. To address the problem of low cooling medium transmission efficiency on the surface of the traditional grinding wheel base, the super-hydrophobic surface of the bionic structure is combined with the hydrophilic abrasive clusters of the bionic structure to achieve directional delivery of grinding fluid and efficient heat dissipation, significantly improving the grinding cooling performance. Patent publication number CN114193342A designs a composite structure grinding wheel based on the bionics of grass carp scales and plant leaf arrangements. Through the coordinated optimization of bionic morphology and arrangement, it breaks through the bottlenecks of uneven distribution of grinding fluid, insufficient heat dissipation and chip removal blockage caused by the air barrier effect of traditional grinding wheels, significantly improving grinding efficiency and processing quality. Although these two patents introduce bionic structures to optimize the flow and heat dissipation paths of the grinding fluid, and to a certain extent improve the cooling performance of traditional grinding wheels, they are still essentially dependent on the external grinding fluid system and have not broken away from the wet processing mode, making it difficult to meet the development needs of "liquid-free or liquid-free" processing in green manufacturing.

[0004] The patent with the publication number GB962218A designed a self-lubricating and self-dressing grinding wheel. Grooves were opened on the surface of the grinding wheel, and lubricating wax blocks were inserted into the grooves. During the grinding process, heat promoted the wax blocks to release lubricants to reduce friction. At the same time, the groove structure also assisted the abrasive grains to fall off automatically to achieve a certain self-sharpening function. However, the melting point of the wax blocks is generally between 50-90°C, and the heat accumulation generated during high-speed grinding can reach several hundred degrees Celsius, which is extremely likely to cause the wax blocks to melt quickly and be over-consumed, resulting in uncontrollable release of lubricants. Therefore, this solution has obvious deficiencies in applicability under high-temperature and high-speed grinding conditions and is difficult to meet the requirements of modern high-efficiency grinding processing.

[0005] The patent with the publication number CN115741506A invented a high-strength and low-burn resin-based self-lubricating grinding wheel and its preparation method, which consists of a resin binder, reinforcing fibers, self-lubricating powder, self-lubricating composite filler, abrasives, etc. During preparation, the raw materials are first dried, the functional fillers, reinforcing fibers, self-lubricating powder, and abrasives are surface-modified, and then the raw materials are mixed and made through pre-pressing and curing. This grinding wheel realizes lubrication and friction reduction by releasing self-lubricating components at the grinding interface, reduces the grinding temperature, and improves the surface quality of the workpiece. This patent uses an overall mixing method to mix the self-lubricating components into the grinding wheel. Although the process is simple, the distribution of the lubricant is uncontrollable during the grinding process and it is difficult to achieve release on demand. At the same time, the doping of the lubricant may affect the mechanical properties and bonding strength of the resin matrix, and there is a hidden danger of a decrease in strength or damage to the structural stability.

[0006] In summary, although different forms of structural optimization and material modification have been carried out in the prior art in terms of lubrication or cooling, there are still common problems such as limited application scope, uncontrollable function release, and insufficient adaptability to green processing. Although some bionic grinding wheels have optimized the liquid diversion path, they have not been able to get rid of the dependence on external cooling liquids; while the solid lubrication type structure is difficult to adapt to the complex grinding environment of high speed and high temperature due to lagging release or insufficient thermal stability; the overall mixing type self-lubricating grinding wheel has a certain film-forming effect, but lacks the ability to control the structure and may affect the performance of the grinding wheel matrix. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for a new grinding wheel solution with precise and controllable lubrication, coordinated cooling and diversion, and integrated structure and function to meet the development needs of green and high-efficiency grinding manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-inspired guiding and lubricating micro-structure and its preparation method, specifically a bionic cactus structure grinding wheel suitable for dry grinding or semi-dry grinding conditions, with the ability to slowly release lubricants and self-sharpening function. The surface groove structure is prepared by using a water-guided laser precision machining process, and the solid lubricant is accurately deposited inside the groove by combining with 3D printing technology to realize the structural integration of the lubrication function.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-like water-conducting and moisturizing microstructure, including a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive layer. The abrasive layer is provided with micropores and diversion grooves. The micropores are arranged in a regular lattice along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the grinding wheel. The diversion grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, can conform to the surface flow field formed during the rotation of the grinding wheel, effectively guide the cooling medium to diffuse along the rotation path, and improve the coolant coverage and heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, the diversion grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel and are located between adjacent micropores. Lubricating slurry is deposited in the micropores. After the lubricating slurry solidifies, a firmly attached solid lubricating layer is formed in the micropores. The solid lubricating layer is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer. The diversion grooves serve as the flow channels for the external cooling medium.

[0010] The grinding wheel proposed by the present invention forms a point-line composite structure network on the outer surface of its abrasive layer through water-guided laser processing, simulating the water collection and diversion mechanism of the cactus epidermis: the dot-shaped micropores are used to embed and store solid lubricants, and the linear groove structure is used to guide the external cooling medium to diffuse and flow along the groove path during the rotation of the grinding wheel, effectively taking away the processing heat, preventing the temperature from accumulating too high in the grinding area, and having the functions of chip removal and stress concentration induction, assisting the self-sharpening of abrasive grains. In the present invention, the micropores and the groove structure cooperate with each other to form a dual complementary system of lubricant slow release and coolant diversion. The solid lubricant is preferentially filled inside the micropores. On the one hand, the micropores can provide wrapping and support to prevent the lubricant from being prematurely peeled off or quickly lost under the scouring of the coolant; on the other hand, the micropore structure maintains a stable lubricating film in the grinding contact area by slowly releasing the lubricating components. In contrast, if the lubricant is directly filled in the grooves, during the injection of the cooling medium, the lubricating layer is easily washed and damaged, and the groove flow channels are blocked after filling the lubricant, and the cooling medium cannot be smoothly guided to flow, resulting in a significant decrease in the cooling efficiency and being unfavorable for the control of grinding heat. Therefore, the present invention stores the lubricant independently in the micropores and retains the grooves as the dedicated channels for the cooling medium, realizing the dynamic complementarity and mutual promotion of the lubrication and cooling functions, greatly improving the grinding performance, processing stability and the service life of the grinding wheel. The solid lubricating layer of the present invention is activated by heat or shear during the grinding process to form a stable and continuous lubricating film in the workpiece contact area, effectively reducing the friction coefficient in the grinding area, inhibiting thermal cracks and adhesive clogging phenomena, improving the surface quality of the workpiece processed, and extending the service life of the grinding wheel.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the micropores are irregularly arranged.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the grooves are annularly distributed or spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the groove is a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove or a composite groove.

[0014] Second, the present invention also provides a processing method for a self-lubricating grinding wheel based on a cactus-like lubricating microstructure, as follows:

[0015] Step 1: Perform surface texturing on the abrasive layer of the existing grinding wheel to form a plurality of dot-shaped micropores and several diversion grooves;

[0016] Step 2: Prepare a lubricating coating;

[0017] Step 3: Precisely deposit the prepared lubricant slurry inside the micropores of the grinding wheel by 3D printing, and then perform normal-temperature drying treatment to form a solid lubricating layer with good adhesion, stability and durability on the surface of the micropores.

[0018] In step 1 of the present invention, the water-guided laser process is used for the processing of micropores and diversion grooves. Compared with traditional laser ablation, the water-guided laser uses high-speed water flow as the laser transmission medium, which can not only synchronously cool the surface of the workpiece during laser processing, significantly reduce the heat-affected zone, and prevent thermal damage, ablation or crack propagation of the abrasive layer; at the same time, compared with separate high-pressure water jet processing, the water-guided laser has higher focusing accuracy and energy density, can achieve high-precision texturing at the micron scale, ensure the precise dimensions of the micropores and grooves, clean and smooth edges, and improve the controllability and consistency of the overall functional structure of the grinding wheel.

[0019] As a further technical solution, the preparation method of the lubricating coating in step 2 is as follows:

[0020] Add solid lubricant, binder and dispersant into a container containing a polar solvent in a certain proportion, form a uniform lubricating slurry after high-speed stirring, and then place the slurry in a vacuum environment for degassing treatment to obtain a composite lubricating coating that can be coated in the grooves of the grinding wheel.

[0021] Optionally, the solid lubricant may include one or more of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, tungsten sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene or graphene, which have good anti-friction, high-temperature resistance or lubrication properties and are suitable for forming a stable lubricating film during the grinding process of the grinding wheel.

[0022] Optionally, the binder is a high-temperature thermosetting material, preferably epoxy resin or polyimide, which is used to enhance the adhesion performance and thermal stability of the lubricating coating and ensure the stable existence of the lubricating film in the high-temperature grinding environment.

[0023] Optionally, the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or ethyl cellulose (EC), which is used to improve the dispersion uniformity of each component in the lubricant slurry, prevent the aggregation of lubricating particles, and contribute to the formation of a uniform and continuous coating layer.

[0024] Optionally, the solvent is anhydrous ethanol or other polar solvents suitable for organic lubrication systems, which is used to adjust the flow performance of the lubricant slurry.

[0025] As a further technical solution, in step 1, the micropores and diversion grooves on the surface of the abrasive layer are processed by a water-guided laser beam.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. By constructing a synergistic structure of micropores and diversion grooves on the surface of the grinding wheel, the present invention enables the micropores to embed and store solid lubricants, and the diversion grooves are specifically used to guide the flow of the cooling medium, effectively realizing the dynamic complementarity between lubricant slow release and grinding zone cooling. This design not only avoids the problem of premature peeling of the lubricant due to the scouring of the cooling medium, but also ensures the continuous circulation of the cooling medium and the timely dissipation of heat, significantly extending the service life of the lubricant, reducing the grinding temperature rise, improving the lubrication performance, cooling efficiency and overall service life of the grinding wheel, and is particularly suitable for the green and efficient manufacturing scenarios of dry grinding or minimum quantity lubrication grinding. Specifically, in the present invention, the grooves and micropores not only function independently, but also achieve the dual coordination of lubricant slow release and cooling medium diversion through complementary structural design. The solid lubricant is stored inside the micropores, which can provide a lubricating film coverage at the initial stage of grinding, while the grooves play a role in guiding the external cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc.) to flow along the surface of the grinding wheel. During the grinding process, the local heat generated by the release of the lubricant can be timely carried away by the cooling medium flowing in the grooves, preventing the overheating failure of the lubricating layer and maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, thereby realizing the dynamic complementarity of the lubrication and cooling functions and improving the overall grinding performance. If the lubricant is directly filled in the grooves, when the cooling medium is sprayed by the nozzle, on the one hand, the liquid flow is likely to directly scour the grooves, resulting in the premature peeling or swelling and falling off of the lubricant layer, and the lubrication effect fails; on the other hand, if the grooves are filled with lubricant, the cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen) cannot flow rapidly along the grooves, and the cooling efficiency is greatly reduced. The micropores are small, and the pore walls can effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by the water flow. When releasing the lubricating components, it diffuses slowly and is less affected by the impact of the coolant, greatly extending the working life of the lubricant.

[0028] 2. The grooves and micropores in the present invention are preferably formed by water-guided laser processing, which has high processing accuracy, a small heat-affected zone, and good edge integrity. It is applicable to various types of bonded abrasives wheels and enables the high-consistency manufacturing of structured abrasive surfaces. By using 3D printing to precisely deposit lubricants into the micropores, the entire process of lubricating coating deposition can be automatically controlled, significantly improving the coating quality and product consistency, and making it suitable for industrial mass preparation. Through the synergistic integration of water-guided laser microstructural processing, bionic structure configuration, and 3D printing precision deposition, the present invention proposes a green functional grinding wheel that integrates triple functions of lubrication, heat conduction, and self-sharpening, and is particularly suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing scenarios such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a water-guided laser processed grinding wheel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is an expanded schematic diagram of the bionic lubrication structure of the abrasive layer of the grinding wheel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the lubricating slurry preparation process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the deposition of lubricants on the surface of the grinding wheel by 3D printing in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the abrasive layer after the deposition and curing of the lubricant in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a self-lubricating structure grinding wheel grinding a workpiece in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the bionic lubrication structure of the abrasive layer of the grinding wheel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 is an expanded schematic diagram of the bionic lubrication structure of the abrasive layer of the grinding wheel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Among them, 1. Grinding wheel base body, 2. Water-guided laser beam, 3. Abrasive layer, 4. Water-guided nozzle, 5. Water flow, 6. Laser window, 7. Focusing mirror, 8. Laser beam, 9. Micropore, 10. Flow guiding groove, 11. Mixed solution, 12. Solid lubricant powder, 13. 3D printing device nozzle, 14. Lubricating slurry, 15. Solid lubricating layer, 16. Workpiece, 17. Cooling medium nozzle, 18. Cooling medium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] The following will further describe in detail the specific implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] As described in the background art, in the traditional grinding process, external cooling lubricants are usually relied on to reduce grinding heat and friction force, but there are problems of environmental pollution and uneven lubrication coverage, which are not conducive to the popularization of efficient and green manufacturing. At the same time, after the ordinary grinding wheel is blunt during use, it needs to be frequently stopped for dressing, which affects the processing efficiency and reduces the automation level. To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a bionic structure grinding wheel integrating lubrication function and self-sharpening ability. The grinding wheel with a bionic self-lubricating structure in this embodiment is inspired by the microstructural characteristics of the cactus epidermis; this grinding wheel is particularly suitable for green processing conditions such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding that do not require the use of a large amount of grinding fluid, and has multiple advantages such as long-lasting lubrication, efficient flow guiding, and strong self-sharpening ability.

[0040] Specifically, the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-inspired guiding and lubricating microstructure disclosed in this embodiment includes a grinding wheel base body 1 and an abrasive layer 3. The abrasive layer 3 is provided with a plurality of micropores 9 arranged along the circumferential and radial directions of the grinding wheel and a flow guiding groove 10 arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel; a lubricating slurry is deposited in the micropores 9, and after the lubricating slurry solidifies, a firmly attached solid lubricating layer 15 is formed in the micropores 9, and the solid lubricating layer 15 is substantially flush with the surface of the abrasive layer 3; due to the small size of the micropores 9, the pore walls can effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by water flow, and when releasing the lubricating components, it diffuses slowly and is less affected by the impact of the coolant, greatly extending the working life of the lubricant; the flow guiding groove 10 serves as a flow channel for the external cooling medium; the solid lubricant is stored inside the micropores 9 and can provide a lubricating film coverage at the initial stage of grinding, while the groove plays a role in guiding the external cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc.) to flow along the surface of the grinding wheel. During the grinding process, the local heat generated by the release of the lubricant can be taken away in time by the cooling medium flowing in the groove, preventing the lubricating layer from overheating and failing, and maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, thereby realizing the dynamic complementarity of the lubrication and cooling functions and improving the overall grinding performance. The grinding wheel in this embodiment is particularly suitable for green processing conditions such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding that do not require the use of a large amount of grinding fluid, and has multiple advantages such as long-lasting lubrication, efficient flow guiding, and strong self-sharpening ability; the groove and the micropores 9 in this embodiment not only function independently, but also achieve the dual coordination of lubricant slow release and cooling medium flow guiding through the complementarity in structural design.

[0041] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, first, a surface bionic texture preparation is carried out on the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel. In the present invention, a "point-groove composite structure" simulating the cactus epidermis is constructed on the surface of the abrasive layer 3, including a plurality of micropores 9 and several diversion grooves 10 distributed along the circumferential direction. Among them: the micropores 9 simulate the papilla structure of the cactus, which is used to gather and store lubricants; the diversion grooves 10 simulate the longitudinal grooves of the cactus epidermis, which are used to guide the directional flow of external cooling media; the micropores 9 and the diversion grooves 10 jointly construct a bionic lubrication network, effectively improving the slow-release stability of the lubricant and preventing the grinding temperature from being too high. This bionic structure can also provide a certain chip-holding space during the grinding process, and induce the propagation of microcracks at the edges of the diversion grooves 10 and the micropores 9, promoting the shedding and self-sharpening of abrasive grains.

[0042] Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is a planar development view of the diversion grooves 10 and the micropores 9 on the surface of the grinding wheel; the diversion grooves 10 are arranged circumferentially (annularly) on the grinding wheel to form a lubrication diffusion channel. The annular diversion grooves 10 can conform to the surface flow field formed by the rotation of the grinding wheel, improving the uniformity of the distribution of the cooling medium and the continuity of the lubricating film coverage, which helps to achieve high precision of the machined surface and the stability of the grinding process. The groove shape is a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove or a composite groove, and the depth is 5%-90% of the thickness of the abrasive layer 3, which is specifically determined according to the grinding wheel grit size and the application scenario.

[0043] Optionally, the micropores 9 are arranged in a regular dot matrix; or the arrangement and size of the micropores 9 can be irregular, and the shapes are divided into dot-shaped micropores 9 and round-hole groove-shaped micropores 9, and the depth is 5%-90% of the thickness of the abrasive layer 3, which is specifically determined according to the grinding wheel grit size and the application scenario.

[0044] Optionally, the grinding wheel base 1 is made of an aluminum alloy material.

[0045] Optionally, the abrasive grains in the abrasive layer 3 are diamond abrasive grains, and the thickness of the abrasive layer 3 is 5 mm.

[0046] In this embodiment, a point-line composite structure network is formed on the outer surface of the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel by water-guided laser processing, simulating the water collection and diversion mechanism of the cactus epidermis: among them, the dot-shaped micropores 9 are used to embed and store solid lubricants; the linear groove structure is used to guide the external cooling medium to diffuse and flow along the groove path during the rotation of the grinding wheel, effectively taking away the processing heat, preventing the temperature from accumulating too high during the grinding process, and at the same time having the functions of chip removal and stress concentration induction, assisting self-sharpening.

[0047] The present invention further accurately deposits the prepared lubricating slurry into the micropore 9 structure through a three-dimensional printing device. The deposition process has strong controllability, is suitable for complex surfaces, has good coating uniformity, and significantly improves the lubrication performance and the consistency of the product. The lubricant is activated by heat or shear during the grinding process, forming a stable lubricating film in the contact area of the workpiece 16, reducing the friction coefficient, and improving the processing quality and the service life of the grinding wheel.

[0048] In summary, through the synergistic integration of water-jet guided laser micro-structure processing, bionic structure configuration, and 3D printing precision deposition, the present invention proposes a green functional grinding wheel that integrates three functions of lubrication, heat conduction, and self-sharpening, and is particularly suitable for efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing scenarios such as dry grinding or semi-dry grinding.

[0049] Specifically, the preparation method is as follows:

[0050] Step 1 is as Figure 1 shown. First, surface bionic texture preparation is carried out on the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel. The present invention constructs a "point-groove composite structure" on the surface of the abrasive layer 3 that simulates the cactus epidermis, including a plurality of micropores 9 and several diversion grooves 10 distributed along the circumferential direction. Among them:

[0051] As Figure 1 shown, the micropores 9 and diversion grooves 10 on the surface of the abrasive layer 3 are processed by a water-jet guided laser beam 2. This process focuses the laser beam 8 and introduces it into the water flow 5 under the action of the laser window 6 and the focusing lens 7, and sprays it onto the surface of the abrasive layer 3 through the water-jet nozzle 4 to form groove 10 and micropore 9 structures. The water-jet guided laser method has the advantages of high processing accuracy, small heat-affected zone, no residue, and clear edges, and is suitable for the micro-structure construction of resin, ceramic, and metal-bonded grinding wheels.

[0052] The preparation process of the lubricating coating is as Figure 3 shown. Solid lubricant powder 12, binder, and dispersant are added to a container containing an organic solution in a preset ratio, and the mixed solution 11 is stirred at a high speed for 30 to 60 minutes until a uniform and delicate lubricating slurry 14 is formed. After mixing, the slurry is placed under reduced pressure for degassing treatment, and the mixed bubbles and volatile gases are removed by vacuum pumping to prevent pinholes, voids, or film layer defects from occurring during subsequent coating. The obtained slurry can have good adhesion, lubricity, and film-forming properties, be suitable for subsequent precise coating operations, and form a stable lubricating coating structure under corresponding curing conditions.

[0053] Optionally, the main component of the selected solid lubricant is molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and this material has excellent anti-friction properties and high-temperature stability, and is suitable for forming a lubricating film during the grinding process.

[0054] Optionally, epoxy resin is selected as the binder, and this high-temperature wear-resistant thermosetting resin can enhance the adhesion of the lubricant.

[0055] Optionally, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as the dispersant, and the dispersant can improve the uniformity of lubricant particles during the mixing process, prevent particle aggregation, and thus contribute to the formation of a uniform coating layer.

[0056] Optionally, weigh accurately molybdenum disulfide powder, epoxy resin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 8:1:0.2.

[0057] Load the prepared lubricating slurry 14 into the 3D printing device. By controlling the deposition path and feeding rate of the nozzle 13 of the 3D printing device, the lubricating slurry 14 is precisely deposited point by point into the microholes 9 formed on the surface of the grinding wheel abrasive layer 3 by 3D printing, realizing a high-precision and uniform lubricant filling process. This printing method can flexibly control the filling amount of each lubricating structure unit, adapt to different depths of the diversion grooves 10 and volumes of the microholes 9, and ensure the consistency and repeatability of lubrication distribution.

[0058] As Figure 5 shown, after the deposition of the lubricating slurry is completed, place the grinding wheel in the air for drying at room temperature for 6 hours. After drying and curing, a firmly attached solid lubricating layer 15 is formed in the microholes 9. This lubricating layer is basically flush with the surface of the abrasive layer 3, has excellent high-temperature resistance and mechanical stability, and is not easily detached or peeled off.

[0059] During the actual grinding process, as Figure 6 shown, the grinding wheel contacts the workpiece 16 in a high-speed rotating state. Under the combined action of friction and grinding temperature rise, the solid lubricant distributed in the microholes 9 slowly releases lubricating components, continuously forming a dynamically updated lubricating film between the abrasive layer 3 and the workpiece 16, effectively reducing the friction coefficient in the grinding area, improving the surface quality of the processed surface, and inhibiting thermal cracks and adhesion blockage phenomena. At the same time, the diversion grooves 10 serve as the flow channels for the cooling medium 18, and cooperate with the cooling medium nozzle 17 to guide water flow or low-temperature gas into the grinding area, improving the heat dissipation efficiency while avoiding local heat accumulation, further reducing the grinding temperature, and ensuring the stable functioning of the lubricating coating. The bionic structure designed in the present invention also has a good chip-holding space and self-sharpening function, which can cause the edges of the abrasive grains to spontaneously break and automatically update during use, delay bluntness, extend the service life of the grinding wheel, and reduce the downtime caused by frequent dressing.

[0060] Optionally, use cold water as the cooling medium 18 to reduce grinding heat.

[0061] In this embodiment, the groove and the micro-pores 9 not only function independently, but also achieve the dual synergy of lubricant slow release and cooling medium diversion through complementary structural design. The solid lubricant is stored inside the micro-pores 9 and can provide a lubricating film coverage at the initial stage of grinding. The groove, on the other hand, guides the external cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen, etc.) to flow along the surface of the grinding wheel. During the grinding process, the local heat generated by the release of the lubricant can be taken away in time by the cooling medium flowing in the groove, preventing the overheating failure of the lubricating layer and maintaining the stability of the lubricating film, thus realizing the dynamic complementarity of the lubrication and cooling functions and improving the overall grinding performance. If, as in the prior art, the lubricant is directly filled in the groove, when the cooling medium is sprayed by the nozzle, on the one hand, the liquid flow is likely to directly wash the groove, resulting in the premature peeling or swelling and falling off of the lubricant layer, and the lubrication effect fails; on the other hand, if the groove is filled with lubricant, the cooling medium (such as water, liquid nitrogen) cannot flow rapidly along the groove, and the cooling efficiency is greatly reduced. The micro-pores 9 are relatively small, and the pore walls can effectively protect the lubricant from being directly washed away by the water flow. When the lubricating components are released, they diffuse slowly and are less affected by the impact of the coolant, greatly extending the working life of the lubricant.

[0062] Embodiment 2:

[0063] This example provides a bionic lubrication structure grinding wheel with a spiral diversion groove 10 and a round-mouth groove-shaped dot micro-pore 9, as Figure 7 shown. The developed schematic diagram of the bionic lubrication structure of the abrasive layer 3 of the grinding wheel is as Figure 8 shown. The remaining manufacturing and application methods are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be elaborated too much. Compared with the dot micro-pores 9, the round-mouth groove-shaped dot micro-pores 9 have a larger volume and are easier to store more solid lubricants. The spiral diversion groove 10 guides the cooling medium to diffuse axially along the grinding wheel during rotation, forming a wider cooling zone and enhancing the heat dissipation capacity, which is suitable for working conditions such as high-speed, heavy-load or long-time continuous grinding.

[0064] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like guiding and lubricating microstructure comprises a grinding wheel base body and an abrasive layer, and is characterized in that: The abrasive layer is provided with micropores and diversion grooves. The micropores are arranged in a regular dot matrix along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the grinding wheel. The diversion grooves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel and are located between adjacent micropores. A lubricating slurry is deposited in the micropores. After the lubricating slurry solidifies, a firmly attached solid lubricating layer is formed in the micropores. The solid lubricating layer is substantially flush with the surface of the abrasive layer. The diversion grooves serve as the flow channels for the external cooling medium.

2. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like guiding and lubricating microstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irregular arrangement of the micropores.

3. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like lubrication-conducting microstructure according to claim 1, wherein: The grooves are annularly distributed or spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel.

4. The self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grooves are rectangular grooves, V-shaped grooves or composite grooves.

5. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like guiding and lubricating micro-structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Step 1: Perform surface texturing processing on the abrasive layer of the existing grinding wheel to form a plurality of dot-shaped micropores and several diversion grooves; Step 2: Prepare a lubricating coating; Step 3: Precisely deposit the prepared lubricant slurry into the interior of the grinding wheel micropores by 3D printing, and then perform normal temperature drying treatment to form a solid lubricating layer with good adhesion, stability and durability on the micropore surface.

6. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like guiding and lubricating microstructure as claimed in claim 5, wherein In step 1, the micropores and diversion grooves on the surface of the abrasive layer are processed by a water-guided laser beam.

7. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like lubrication-conducting microstructure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of the lubricating coating in step 2 is as follows: Add a solid lubricant, a binder and a dispersant in a certain proportion into a container containing a polar solvent, form a uniform lubricating slurry after high-speed stirring, and then place the slurry in a vacuum environment for degassing treatment to obtain a composite lubricating coating that can be coated in the grinding wheel grooves.

8. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-inspired lubrication microstructure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solid lubricant may include one or more of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, tungsten sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene or graphene.

9. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like lubrication-conducting microstructure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The binder is a high-temperature thermosetting material.

10. The processing method of the self-lubricating grinding wheel based on the cactus-like guiding and lubricating microstructure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone or ethyl cellulose.

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