A low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of water separation, and discloses a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water bodies, comprising: generating a microbubble curtain at a preset inclination angle in a laminar flow channel as a dynamic separation interface, and utilizing its interfacial energy and fluid dynamics to synergize and guide pollutants to the concentration area for enrichment and separation. The present invention achieves self-sustaining and low-resistance flow in the separation process by reconstructing the traditional static separation interface into a continuously updated dynamic field. At the same time, it combines the bubble burst acoustic feedback mechanism to give the system endogenous adaptive capabilities, and expands the capture spectrum of hydrophilic colloids with the help of gas ionization technology, ultimately forming a simple separation system coupled with multiple physical fields, thereby fundamentally avoiding the interface blockage problem of traditional separation technology, and significantly improving the separation efficiency and system robustness while maintaining ultra-low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water bodies, belonging to the technical field of water body separation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of separation technology, traditional water purification mainly relies on physical filtration or flotation separation methods. The former intercepts pollutants through the micropores of membrane materials, while the latter uses bubbles to float and carry suspended matter. Although these methods are widely used, their core mechanisms all require the construction of a static separation interface (such as the filter membrane surface and the flotation tank baffle). However, when continuously treating industrial wastewater containing oil or colloidal particles, such interfaces face inherent limitations: direct contact between pollutants and the interface leads to irreversible blockage, forcing the system to be periodically shut down for cleaning; at the same time, the external driving pressure required to maintain the fluid penetrating the fixed interface causes energy efficiency to continue to deteriorate.

[0003] Especially when treating wastewater with fluctuating flow or changing pollutant composition, existing technologies expose deeper contradictions: membrane separation technology often requires increasing working pressure to delay clogging, which in turn accelerates the formation of a contamination layer; although traditional flotation can respond to load changes by increasing the aeration volume, excessive bubbles destroy the stability of the flow field and reduce separation efficiency. The industry has tried to introduce chemical cleaning or complex control systems, but this has led to secondary pollution risks and rising operation and maintenance costs. In particular, the existing technology anchors the separation process to a static physical interface, causing three core contradictions: 1. Pollutant deposition and the need for interface regeneration form an irreconcilable conflict; 2. Efficient separation requires higher driving pressure, which violates the low-carbon goal; 3. Expanding the pollutant spectrum requires superimposing chemical or control modules, which weakens the robustness of the system. Therefore, how to construct a separation interface with self-renewal capabilities and no physical contact, fundamentally avoiding the risk of clogging while achieving broad-spectrum and low-cost separation of pollutants, has become the technical problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water, the main purpose of which is to solve the contradiction between inherent blockage and high energy consumption of traditional static separation interfaces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step a: introducing the water to be treated into a straight flow channel, the design size of the flow channel is matched with the inlet flow velocity of the water body, so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel;

[0007] Step b: Installing a microporous aeration device at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction at an inclination angle of greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and introducing compressed air into the microporous aeration device. The air flow rate and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body, and the bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%. The microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles. The bubbles rise along the inclination direction in the water body and continuously burst, thereby forming a continuously renewable separation interface structure, allowing water molecules to pass through the gaps therein and guiding and repelling pollutants.

[0008] Step c: Using a microbubble curtain, oil droplets and hydrophobic suspended particles in the water are transported laterally through interfacial adsorption and physical entrainment. Under the tilted guidance of the microbubble curtain, pollutants are continuously driven to one side of the flow channel, forming a pollutant concentration zone.

[0009] Step d: At the end of the flow channel, pollutants are collected through an overflow weir or a skimmer port set at the pollutant concentration area, and the purified water is discharged through the main outlet on the other side.

[0010] Preferably, in step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been ionized in advance by a gas ionization module, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction, thereby achieving synergistic separation of pollutants with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

[0011] Preferably, the gas ionization module ionizes the gas by corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge; the method also includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to generate microbubbles with opposite electrical properties to the colloidal particles.

[0012] Preferably, in step b, the average diameter and number density of the generated microbubbles are adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device to preferentially target and separate pollutants of a specific size range or specific surface chemical properties; wherein the average diameter of the microbubbles is The average particle size of the pollutants to be separated The relationship between them is: .

[0013] Preferably, in step a, the straight flow channel is provided with a rectifying component at the water inlet, and the rectifying component includes a honeycomb guide plate with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying component divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar state.

[0014] Preferably, after step d, the method further includes applying an auxiliary airflow with a flow rate between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s along the water flow direction through an air knife device or a guide fan arranged above the flow channel above the pollutant concentration zone to promote the continuous movement and collection of foam on the surface of the water body enriched in the concentration zone to the overflow weir or skimmer port.

[0015] Preferably, in step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration tubes, which are arranged in sequence along the water flow direction. The method also includes: adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow of each row of microporous aeration tubes to form a bubble density distribution of the microbubble curtain having a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes: detecting the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time through an online turbidity sensor or an online oil content analyzer; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for indicating that the purified water body does not meet the standard for 10 consecutive seconds, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50% to cope with the shock load; when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring the air supply to the level before the shock load.

[0017] Preferably, the method further includes: real-time collection of acoustic signals generated by bubble bursting on the surface of the water body in the pollutant concentration area; energy analysis of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range characterizing bubble bursting; when the energy is lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for determining whether the microbubble curtain is in a pollutant high load state for 5 consecutive seconds, determining that the microbubble curtain is in a pollutant high load state; and when it is determined to be a pollutant high load state, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. By tilting the microbubble curtain, a permeable physical guide barrier is constructed in the laminar water body, reconstructing the traditional static separation interface into a continuously updated dynamic field. The air curtain allows water molecules to penetrate freely. At the same time, the surface energy of the bubbles is synergistic with the upwelling flow, so that hydrophobic pollutants are spontaneously adsorbed and migrate laterally to the flow channel, fundamentally avoiding the risk of clogging of fixed filter materials and achieving self-sustaining and low-resistance flow in the separation process.

[0020] 2. The laminar flow state is maintained by spatial coupling with the geometric configuration of the inclined air curtain, so that pollutants are dually guided by the bubble interface energy gradient and the fluid dynamic field in a low shear environment. This synergistic effect promotes the enrichment of oil droplets and suspended particles along the preset path to the concentration area, while the purified water body maintains a stable flow in the laminar core area, naturally forming a physical partition at the outlet, greatly reducing the complexity of the mechanical diversion required for traditional separation.

[0021] 3. The natural correlation between the acoustic characteristics of bubble burst and the pollutant load state is converted into a system self-diagnostic signal. By capturing the changes in sound wave intensity in a specific frequency band, the air curtain capture efficiency is directly mapped and the aeration volume adjustment is triggered. This mechanism converts load fluctuations into an intrinsic system response, achieving a dynamic balance of separation efficiency without the need for an external water quality sensor, and significantly improving the robustness to shock loads. The pre-ionization of the input gas gives the bubble interface a controllable electrostatic field, avoiding the capture bottleneck of hydrophilic colloids by traditional flotation. The charged bubbles actively adsorb neutral particles through electrostatic attraction, forming a complementary capture mechanism with the hydrophobic effect. This technology expands the separation spectrum to nanoscale colloids without introducing chemical agents, and the adjustable polarity allows the system to target and adapt to the electrical characteristics of different pollutants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the construction of the dynamic separation interface system and the coordinated separation of pollutants of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a pollutant removal effect evaluation diagram of the present invention showing changes in oil content and turbidity before and after treatment;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the microbubble system control and feedback regulation process of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the microbubble diameter distribution and the pollutant particle size matching of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the effect of the inclination angle of the microporous aeration device on the separation efficiency of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] The present invention provides a method for the continuous coordinated separation of water bodies with low energy consumption and self-cleaning, comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step a: introducing the water to be treated into a straight flow channel, the design size of the flow channel is matched with the inlet flow velocity of the water body, so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel;

[0031] Step b: Install a microporous aeration device at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction at an inclination angle of greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and introduce compressed air into the microporous aeration device, wherein the air flow rate and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width to thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body, and the bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%; the microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles, which float in the water body along the inclination direction and continuously break, thereby forming a continuously renewed separation interface structure, allowing water molecules to pass through its gaps and generate attraction for pollutants. At the same time, the microbubble curtain is not a static structure, but is continuously generated, rising, broken and rebuilt during operation to maintain the freshness of its interface structure and functional integrity. This process includes the following dimensions: continuous air supply: gas is continuously injected through the microporous aeration device to continuously generate bubbles; inclined rise: bubbles float upward along a set angle to form an inclined bubble layer; interface renewal: during the process of bubble floating and breaking, the original bubbles disappear and new bubbles take over to form the interface; self-sustaining: the entire process is naturally maintained by fluid dynamics and structural layout, rather than external control;

[0032] Step c: Using a microbubble curtain, oil droplets and hydrophobic suspended particles in the water are transported laterally through interfacial adsorption and physical entrainment. Under the tilted guidance of the microbubble curtain, pollutants are continuously driven to one side of the flow channel, forming a pollutant concentration zone.

[0033] Step d: At the end of the flow channel, pollutants are collected through an overflow weir or a skimmer port set at the pollutant concentration area, and the purified water is discharged through the main outlet on the other side.

[0034] In step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been ionized in advance by a gas ionization module, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction, thereby achieving the synergistic separation of pollutants with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

[0035] The gas ionization module ionizes the gas through corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge. The method also includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to generate microbubbles with opposite electrical properties to the colloidal particles.

[0036] In step b, the average diameter and number density of generated microbubbles are adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device to preferentially target and separate pollutants of a specific size range or specific surface chemical properties; wherein the average diameter of the microbubbles is The average particle size of the pollutants to be separated The relationship between them is: .

[0037] In step a, a straight flow channel is provided with a rectifying assembly at the water inlet. The rectifying assembly includes a honeycomb guide plate with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying assembly divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state.

[0038] After step d, the process also includes applying an auxiliary airflow with a flow rate between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s along the water flow direction through an air knife device or a guide fan arranged above the flow channel above the pollutant concentration area to promote the continuous movement and collection of foam on the surface of the water body enriched in the concentration area to the overflow weir or skimmer port.

[0039] In step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration tubes, which are arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow. The method also includes: adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow rate of each row of microporous aeration tubes to form a bubble density distribution of the microbubble curtain having a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body.

[0040] The method also includes: detecting the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time through an online turbidity sensor or an online oil content analyzer; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for indicating that the purified water body does not meet the standard for 10 consecutive seconds, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50% to cope with the shock load; when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring the air supply to the level before the shock load; the method also includes: collecting acoustic signals generated by the bursting of bubbles on the surface of the water body in the pollutant concentration area in real time; analyzing the energy of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range indicating the bursting of bubbles; when the energy is lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for determining whether the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state for 5 consecutive seconds, determining that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state; and when it is determined to be in a high pollutant load state, automatically triggering an instruction to increase the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

[0041] Example 1: This example realizes the continuous separation of oil droplets, hydrophobic suspended particles and hydrophilic colloidal particles in water under low energy consumption conditions through the coordinated regulation of multiple physical fields. The method is developed around a flow channel configuration with a simple structure but highly integrated functions, integrating mechanisms such as fluid dynamics control, bubble interface effect, charge-enhanced adsorption and acoustic feedback regulation to construct a pollutant separation system with adaptive and self-cleaning capabilities, which is suitable for complex water environments with varying loads and multi-component pollutants. In step a, the water to be treated is first guided into a flow channel with a flat structure. The cross-sectional dimensions of the flow channel are designed to match the inlet water flow velocity to ensure that the water forms a stable laminar flow state with a Reynolds number of less than 2000 in the flow channel. This laminar flow state is crucial for subsequent interface construction and pollutant migration. Specifically, in order to improve the stability of the flow field In order to improve the performance of the flow channel, a rectifying component with a fine-pore structure can be set at the inlet of the flow channel, such as a honeycomb guide plate or a multi-layer grid structure with a pore size smaller than the lateral size of the water flow channel, to divide the disturbed water flow into multiple sub-flows, thereby effectively reducing vortices and shear fluctuations, prompting the water body to transition to a laminar flow state within a very short distance, and forming a stable fluid background field; in step b, under the above-mentioned laminar flow conditions, a group of microporous aeration devices are installed at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction, and the device is set at an inclination angle between 15 degrees and 45 degrees to the horizontal plane. The selection of the inclination angle range is based on the consideration of the lateral migration requirements of pollutants and the control of laminar flow stability: if the angle is less than 15 degrees, the lateral driving force formed by the microbubble curtain in the water body is insufficient, affecting the effective replacement of pollutants; if the angle exceeds 45 degrees, it is easy to cause local turbulence, interfere with the laminar flow structure, and thus destroy the interface continuity of the separation area. Therefore, the inclination angle needs to comprehensively consider parameters such as the flow rate, kinematic viscosity, and particle size and density of the water body to be treated, and be calculated and determined in accordance with conventional engineering design. After compressed air with controlled pressure and volume is introduced into the microporous aeration device, a sheet-like microbubble curtain can be continuously generated under laminar flow conditions. The ratio of the lateral width to thickness of the bubble curtain is greater than 10, and its volume fraction is controlled between 0.1% and 5%. The bubble curtain has the ability to dynamically update, and there are permeable water molecule channels between the bubbles, forming a physical separation interface at the same time, which has both pollutant guidance and repulsion functions.

[0042] In order to enhance the ability of the bubble curtain to capture hydrophilic colloidal particles, it is preferred to use compressed gas pre-treated by the gas ionization module as the gas source. The ionization module can use corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge to ionize the gas so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries electrostatic charge, thereby introducing a controllable electrostatic field in the interface layer to actively adsorb neutral or oppositely charged hydrophilic colloidal particles through electrostatic attraction, thereby achieving the coordinated separation of pollutants with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The setting of the electrostatic polarity can be adjusted according to the Zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated, so that the generated charged bubbles have the opposite electrical properties to the target pollutants, thereby enhancing the interface adsorption effect. In addition, in order to achieve targeted effects on pollutants with different particle sizes and surface characteristics, the average diameter and number density of microbubbles can be adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device, thereby constructing a multi-scale selective separation capability; under typical settings, the average diameter of the microbubbles must satisfy the following relationship: its value should be between one tenth and one and a half times the average particle size of the pollutants to be separated. This relationship is based on the technical logic of optimizing the contact area between the pollutant and the bubble interface, and aims to enhance the adhesion stability and migration efficiency of pollutants at the bubble curtain interface, while avoiding insufficient entrainment due to excessively large bubbles, or decreased system stability due to excessively small bubbles.

[0043] In step c, as the water body moves along the flow channel, the inclined bubble curtain formed by the microporous aeration device, under the coupling effect of the fluid dynamic field and the interfacial energy gradient, guides the pollutant particles in the water body to migrate laterally, and finally gather on one side of the flow channel to form a pollutant concentration zone. In this process, oil droplets and hydrophobic particles are mainly driven to migrate to the concentration zone by bubble surface adsorption and entrainment effect; while hydrophilic suspended matter is gradually pushed to the same area under the disturbance of dense bubbles and the closed structure of the interface, forming a laterally stratified pollutant enrichment zone; in step d, the end structure of the flow channel is provided with two outlets, corresponding to the purified water body and the pollutant concentration zone respectively. One side collects pollutants by setting an overflow weir or a skimmer port, and the other side discharges the purified water body through the main outlet. In order to improve the efficiency of pollutant collection, an air knife or a guide fan can be set above the flow channel to apply a flow velocity of 0.5 m / s to 2 m / s along the water flow direction. Seconds of auxiliary airflow are generated, thereby driving the surface foam in the enrichment zone to move stably and continuously toward the overflow port, thereby improving the final pollutant recovery rate and system processing capacity. At the same time, in order to enhance the adaptability and operational stability of the system, the present invention also introduces an acoustic feedback mechanism. This mechanism deploys an acoustic sensor above the flow channel to collect the acoustic signal generated by bubble burst in real time and analyze its acoustic energy within a specific frequency band. When it is detected that the energy in this frequency band is lower than the preset threshold for 5 consecutive seconds, it can be determined that the bubble curtain is in a high pollution load state. The system then automatically triggers the instruction to increase the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30% to achieve the refresh of the interface structure and the reconstruction of the separation capacity. This mechanism uses bubble burst as an intrinsic feedback signal of the system load state. Without relying on additional water quality detection units, it can dynamically adjust the operating parameters, thereby constructing a separation system with environmental perception capabilities.

[0044] Example 2: This example uses an inclined microporous aeration device to generate a dynamically updated microbubble curtain in a straight flow channel. Relying on the interfacial energy gradient and fluid dynamics between the bubble curtain and the water body, it achieves efficient, stable, and continuous separation of multiple types of pollutants, including hydrophobic particles, oil droplets, and hydrophilic colloids. This configuration is suitable for treating high-concentration emulsified oil wastewater and is typically used in the wastewater reuse pretreatment stage of medium-sized machinery processing plants. This type of wastewater typically contains a large number of oil droplets and emulsified suspended particles with a particle size between 0.5 microns and 50 microns. Some colloidal particles have a negative Zeta potential, and the pH value of the water body is neutral to alkaline. The treatment flow rate is approximately 8 cubic meters per hour and fluctuates to a certain extent. To adapt to the above working conditions, the system design adopts the following structure and parameter settings:

[0045] The first stage is the construction of laminar flow and the setting of the flow channel structure. The wastewater to be treated is introduced into a horizontal flow channel with a rectangular cross-section and a length of about 5 meters through a flow control valve. The inner wall material of the flow channel is made of plastic alloy with corrosion resistance. A double-layer honeycomb rectifier is set at the inlet section of the flow channel. The aperture of each layer is controlled to be between one-tenth and one-fifteenth of the flow channel width. The thickness of the rectifier is about 0.3 times the flow channel width. Combined with the kinematic viscosity of the wastewater and the control flow rate, the system maintains a Reynolds number of no more than 1800 to ensure that the bubble curtain generation area and the pollutant enrichment area have a stable laminar flow basis; the second stage is the construction of the microbubble curtain and its control mechanism, starting at a position about 1 meter away from the flow channel inlet, Three rows of microporous aeration tubes are installed from bottom to top along the direction of water flow at an inclination of 30 degrees, with a spacing of 0.3 meters between each row. The inclination parameter is determined by engineering calculations, which can ensure effective lateral driving force without interfering with the laminar flow state. Each row of aeration tubes is connected to an independent adjustable air supply device, and the air pressure and air volume can be adjusted separately. The diameter of the micropores used in the aeration tube is set to about 80 microns. After the gas flow rate and pressure are regulated, microbubbles with an average diameter between 5 microns and 15 microns can be continuously generated, and the bubble volume fraction is controlled in the range of 0.3% to 1.5%. Before entering the aeration tube, the compressed gas is pre-treated by an ionization module using a dielectric barrier discharge method. The module outputs The charge polarity is automatically adjusted according to the data measured by the online Zeta potential sensor, thereby ensuring that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries a charge opposite to that of the target colloid particles. With this method, the bubble curtain can form a dynamic separation interface with significant interfacial energy gradient and electrostatic adsorption capacity while having good water permeability; the third stage is the migration of pollutants and the formation of enrichment zones. Under the action of fluid dynamics and interfacial energy, the microbubble curtain guides the pollutant particles in the water to migrate horizontally, and finally forms a pollutant enrichment zone on the right side of the flow channel about 3.5 meters away from the aeration starting point. Among them, oil droplets and hydrophobic particles are mainly affected by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effects of the bubble interface and buoyancy and migrate upward; hydrophilic colloid Under the action of electrostatic attraction and local disturbance shear force, the particles gradually move towards the bubble curtain area. Guided by the inclined structure of the micro-bubble curtain, various pollutants gather in an orderly manner along the cross-section of the flow channel, naturally forming a physical partition with the purified water body, and achieving stable diversion without relying on additional baffles. The fourth stage is pollutant collection and purified water outlet. At the end of the flow channel, the right enrichment zone is equipped with a skimmer port and an adjustable height overflow weir to achieve efficient collection of pollutant-mixed foam. A flow-limiting grid is installed at the left main purified water outlet to prevent residual microbubbles from entering the clean water flow path. To improve the migration and collection efficiency of foam, an air knife module is installed above the enrichment zone, arranged along the water flow direction, providing a wind speed of approximately 1.Auxiliary airflow at 5 meters per second enhances the continuous movement of foam, improving treatment efficiency and effluent quality stability. The fifth stage involves the construction of a dynamic adaptive feedback mechanism. Acoustic sensors are deployed above the flow channel to collect real-time bubble burst signals. Based on preset logic, they identify changes in acoustic energy in specific frequency bands. If the acoustic energy falls below a system-set threshold for five consecutive seconds, the system determines that the bubble curtain is highly pollutant-loaded and automatically increases the air supply to the microporous aeration device by approximately 20%. Over the next 60 seconds, the air supply parameters are dynamically adjusted based on real-time feedback to restore the stability of the interface structure and system treatment capacity.

[0046] Example 3: In the prior art, the inherent clogging problem and dependence on high energy consumption of the static separation interface have greatly limited its actual effectiveness in the continuous treatment scenario of industrial wastewater. In order to further verify the technical advantages of the present invention by reconstructing the dynamic separation interface and introducing the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields, and to solve the limitations of traditional methods in treating hydrophilic colloidal particles, we designed a series of targeted engineering verification experiments; this experiment aims to clearly explain in a quantitative way the mechanism of constructing a dynamic separation interface by tilting the microbubble curtain in a laminar flow channel proposed by the present invention, as well as the ability to capture hydrophilic colloidal particles in combination with gas ionization technology. For example, in a continuous flow test platform, the core of the platform The core components include: a straight flow channel made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate material, with an internal cross-sectional size of 0.25 meters (width) by 0.1 meters (height) and a total length of 5 meters. A rectifier component composed of a multi-layer honeycomb guide plate with a pore size of 8 mm is provided at the inlet of the flow channel. This component is designed to divide the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state with a Reynolds number below 2000, which is also the basis for ensuring the stable generation of the microbubble curtain and the effective lateral migration of pollutants. The water inlet flow rate is precisely controlled by a high-precision peristaltic pump so that it can reach a range of 0.05 meters per second to 0.1 meters per second in the flow channel to ensure that the Reynolds number is maintained between 1200 and 1800. During the period, the water is in a typical laminar flow state. The microporous aeration device is installed 1.5 meters away from the flow channel inlet. A group of three rows of parallel microporous aeration tubes are arranged at a 30-degree inclination angle along the water flow direction. The spacing between each row is 0.2 meters. The aeration tubes are made of micron-grade porous ceramic materials, and the micropore diameter is set to about 50 microns. The core consideration for selecting this inclination angle is to achieve an optimal balance between the lateral driving force generated by the microbubble curtain in the water body and the system stability of maintaining smooth flow of the fluid. Specifically, if the value of the inclination angle is too low, the lateral driving force generated by the microbubble curtain in the water body may not be sufficient to effectively guide pollutants; conversely, if the value is too high, local turbulence may be caused. , disrupting the overall laminar flow structure and thus destroying the interface continuity of the separation area. Therefore, in specific engineering practice, the determination of the inclination angle needs to be based on the actual flow rate and kinematic viscosity of the water to be treated, as well as the density and particle size of the target pollutants. Under the condition of maintaining a smooth flow of the water body, effective lateral displacement of pollutants is achieved. The flow rate and pressure of compressed air introduced into the aeration device are regulated by a mass flow controller and a precision pressure reducing valve to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body. The average diameter of the microbubbles is monitored and feedback-adjusted in real time by a high-speed camera system to be between 5 and 15 microns, and the bubble volume fraction is controlled at 0.Between 5% and 2%, the gas ionization module, before the compressed air enters the microporous aeration device, it is pre-treated by a dielectric barrier discharge gas ionization module. The output polarity of the module is adjusted according to the Zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to ensure that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge opposite to the target colloidal particles. The Zeta potential measurement is monitored online by a dynamic light scattering instrument. For pollutant simulation and detection, emulsified oil is used in the experiment, with a particle size distribution between 1 micron and 30 microns and a density of about 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter. The main components are hydrophobic hydrocarbons and artificially synthesized montmorillonite colloidal particles. The average particle size of the montmorillonite colloidal particles is about 200 nanometers, and the Zeta potential is between -25 millivolts and -35 millivolts. Hydrophilic colloids are simulated as pollutants in the water to be treated. The pollutant concentration at the water inlet is monitored in real time by a high-precision turbidity meter and an online oil content analyzer. At the end of the channel, an adjustable-height overflow weir and skimmer are installed to collect concentrated pollutant liquid. A main outlet is located on the other side to discharge purified water, where pollutant concentration is monitored in real time using a turbidity meter and an oil content analyzer. In the aforementioned method, the tilt angle is adjusted to approximately 30 degrees to balance lateral driving force and fluid stability. This adjustment process, for example, includes: setting an initial tilt angle and observing the lateral migration efficiency of pollutants under the action of the microbubble curtain; observing the flow field stability of the water in the microbubble curtain area to determine whether there is local turbulence or interference with the overall laminar flow structure; adjusting the tilt angle based on the observation results, and repeating these observations until effective pollutant displacement is achieved and the flow field remains stable. For example, when the fluid inlet velocity is between 0.05 m / s and 0.1 m / s and the Reynolds number is maintained between 1200 and 1800, the tilt angle can be preferably adjusted to approximately 30 degrees to balance lateral driving force and fluid stability.

[0047] This experiment was divided into two groups, aiming to verify the synergistic separation effect of the microbubble curtain on hydrophobic pollutants and hydrophilic colloids. In the first group of experiments, the water to be treated was simulated wastewater containing 100 mg / L of emulsified oil and 50 mg / L of hydrophobic suspended particles (particle size 1 micron to 30 microns). The gas ionization module was turned off during the experiment, and separation was carried out only by the interface adsorption and physical entrainment of the microbubble curtain. By precisely controlling the inlet water flow velocity at 0.08 meters per second and observing the side wall of the flow channel with high-speed video, the water body, under the action of the rectifier component, has formed a stable laminar flow state at 0.5 meters from the inlet, with clearly visible streamlines and a stable Reynolds number of about 1500. The microporous aeration device is fed with a pressure of 0.02 cubic meters per minute. The air is compressed to generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with an average diameter of 10 microns and a volume fraction of about 1.2%. The width of the bubble curtain is about 0.2 meters, the thickness is about 0.015 meters, and the width-to-thickness ratio is greater than 13. The bubbles rise steadily at an inclined angle, forming a continuously updated physical interface. Under the action of the bubble curtain, the oil droplets and hydrophobic particles evenly dispersed at the entrance gradually enrich toward the side of the microbubble curtain (i.e., the pollutant concentration area) during the flow channel. Through the observation window at the bottom of the flow channel, it can be seen that the oil droplets quickly adhere to the bubble surface after contacting it, and rise and move laterally with the bubbles. About 2 meters away from the starting point of the bubble curtain, obvious oil-water stratification begins to appear on the cross section of the flow channel. The oil phase gradually thickens in the concentrated area and at the end of the flow channel, the oil phase gradually thickens. , the oil content in the pollutant concentration area reached about 800 mg / L, and the turbidity was about 500 NTU, while the oil content at the outlet of the purified water body dropped to below 5 mg / L, and the turbidity dropped to below 5 NTU. This result shows that the microbubble curtain has the effective guidance and separation ability for hydrophobic pollutants; the purified water body still maintains a stable laminar flow state in the core area of ​​the flow channel, and no obvious disturbance is observed; in the second group of experiments, the water body to be treated is a wastewater simulated containing 20 mg / L montmorillonite colloidal particles (Zeta potential of about -30 mV). Under the premise of maintaining the fluid conditions and microbubble curtain generation parameters of the first group of experiments unchanged, the gas ionization module was started, and according to the online Zeta potential measurement results, the output polarity of the ionization module was adjusted to positive to generate The surface of the microbubbles carries a positive charge. After starting the gas ionization module, the microbubble surface charge measurement system detects that the Zeta potential of the generated microbubbles is about -25 mV to -35 mV, which is opposite to the negative charge of the montmorillonite colloid particles in the water to be treated, thus having electrostatic adsorption ability. Under the action of the charged microbubble curtain, the montmorillonite colloid particles that were originally difficult to effectively remove by traditional flotation methods also show obvious migration and enrichment in the flow channel. Through sampling and analysis, it was observed that the concentration of colloidal particles increased significantly near the microbubble curtain and were driven to the concentration area with the microbubbles. At the end of the flow channel, the turbidity of the purified water outlet dropped from the initial approximately 40 NTU to below 5 NTU, indicating that the hydrophilic colloids were effectively removed.

[0048] Example 4: This example combines Figures 1 to 5 , a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water is described. Figure 1 As shown, first, by constructing a stable laminar flow (Reynolds number is less than 2,000), the water body maintains a low-disturbance flow state in the flow channel, providing a fluid background basis for the subsequent separation process. The core of the system is the dynamic separation interface system | generating an inclined microbubble curtain | continuous self-renewal. This structure uses a microporous aeration device with a controlled inclination angle to generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain in the laminar flow, thereby realizing the continuous renewal of the separation interface. In this interface, pollutants are guided or captured under different mechanisms: on the one hand, the lateral migration of oil droplets and hydrophobic particles is achieved through interface adsorption and physical entrainment (for hydrophobic pollutants); on the other hand, electrostatic attraction is used to capture (for hydrophilic colloids). The charged gas pre-treated by the gas ionization module generates electrostatically charged microbubbles to adsorb hydrophilic colloidal particles; the above two pollutants are eventually concentrated and condensed on the same side to achieve efficient enrichment. Subsequently, this enrichment area can be treated in conjunction with the setting of an overflow weir or a skimmer port. The system introduces an acoustic feedback module to judge the load status of the bubble curtain by monitoring the acoustic signal of bubble rupture, and adjust the gas supply strategy in a linked manner. At the same time, the gas ionization module is used to ionize the supply gas to generate charged bubbles, thereby enhancing the capture ability of hydrophilic pollutants. The purified water body can allow water molecules to pass through the microbubble curtain and be discharged through the purified water body outlet to achieve continuous purification.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the oil content (mg / L) was 100 before treatment and dropped to 5 after treatment, indicating that the system has a significant removal ability for hydrophobic pollutants such as oil droplets; at the same time, the turbidity (NTU) was 40 before treatment and dropped to 5 after treatment, indicating that the system also has a high efficiency in separating suspended particles and hydrophilic colloids. The pollutant concentration value in the figure is the vertical axis, and the evaluation objects are the two evaluation indicators of oil content and turbidity. The bar charts respectively indicate the comparison of pollutant concentrations at different treatment stages. The gray and hollow columns before and after treatment clearly express the actual purification effect of the dynamic microbubble curtain separation system constructed in the present invention under the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms such as pollutant synergistic enrichment, interface adsorption, and electrostatic capture.

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, the system sends a gas ionization command (dielectric barrier discharge) to the ionization module through the control unit, causing the ionization module to output charged gas (zeta potential adjustment) into the microporous aeration tube. The microporous aeration tube is installed in the laminar water body at an inclination angle of 30 degrees, thereby generating a microbubble curtain. The bubble curtain is characterized by a bubble volume fraction of 0.1% to 5% and a diameter of 5 to 15 microns. During operation, the bubble burst sound signal generated by the bubble burst is monitored by the acoustic feedback module (frequency band energy analysis), and the analysis result is fed back to the control unit. The control unit dynamically adjusts the gas volume (within the range of ±20%) based on the feedback result, thereby realizing adaptive update of the microbubble curtain structure. This process forms a loop closed-loop logic, ensuring that the bubble curtain has continuous dynamic adjustment capabilities during operation and improving the system's response efficiency to changes in pollution load.

[0051] like Figure 4 The figure shows the corresponding relationship between microbubble diameter distribution, target pollutant particle size, and optimal matching interval, demonstrating the key impact of microbubble diameter control on pollutant separation efficiency during the construction of the microbubble curtain. The solid curve represents the microbubble diameter distribution, marked in the figure with the solid line: microbubble diameter distribution, with the ordinate representing the relative frequency distribution and the abscissa representing the particle size (μm); the dashed curve represents the target pollutant particle size range, corresponding to the dashed line: target pollutant particle size in the figure, showing the distribution probability of typical target pollutants in different particle size intervals; the gray shaded area is marked as the optimal matching interval, indicating the particle size overlap region where the interaction between microbubble diameter and target pollutant particle size is optimal. In the technical solution of the present invention, the diameter of the microbubble is controlled according to the matching relationship shown in the figure, that is, satisfying the principle of 0.1×target pollutant particle size ≤ microbubble diameter ≤ 1.5×target pollutant particle size, thereby achieving the best interfacial adsorption efficiency and separation effect.

[0052] See also Figure 5 The relationship curves of the three core indicators of separation efficiency, flow stability index and energy consumption index as a function of the inclination angle (degrees) are shown to illustrate the comprehensive impact of the inclination angle of the microporous aeration device installation in the present invention on the overall performance of the system. In the figure, the horizontal axis is the inclination angle (degrees), the left side of the vertical axis is the efficiency / stability (%), and the right side is the unit energy consumption index, corresponding to three sets of data curves. The solid line curve marked with dots in the figure represents the separation efficiency, which is used to reflect the ability to remove pollutants at different inclination angles; the solid line curve marked with squares represents the flow stability index, which shows the degree of damage to the laminar structure of the fluid caused by bubble disturbance; the solid line curve marked with triangles represents the energy consumption index, which is used to measure the energy consumption level under the unit processing capacity of the system. The data show that when the inclination angle is around 35 degrees, the separation efficiency curve reaches its peak, indicating that the bubble guidance effect is optimal at this angle; the flow stability index shows a downward trend as the angle gradually increases, indicating that high inclination angles may destroy the laminar structure.

[0053] Example 5: In a specific embodiment, in order to improve the stability and self-cleaning ability of the microbubble curtain under different pollutant conditions and ensure the construction of a complete control closed loop between the ionization module and the acoustic feedback mechanism, the system first forms a microbubble curtain structure with a spatial tilt angle through a microporous aeration component. The microporous aeration component is composed of a polymer microporous ceramic plate with a pore size range controlled between thirty microns and eighty microns. It is installed at the bottom of the water channel through a multi-plate array combination. The component maintains an inclined installation angle of thirty to forty-five degrees relative to the main water flow direction to form an ascending microbubble curtain structure in the water body, thereby guiding the pollutants to migrate upward. The angle setting takes into account the effective buoyancy path required for bubbles in the liquid and the interaction time with pollutants, so as to enhance the propulsion effect of the bubble curtain on hydrophobic particles and oil droplets and avoid the shielding effect caused by local aggregation.

[0054] The system sets a miniature piezoelectric transducer at the upstream position of the water body to collect the sound wave propagation characteristics in the water body in real time, including the change of standing wave frequency, the attenuation degree of the resonant signal and the background noise disturbance intensity. The transducer is composed of a lithium niobate piezoelectric piece with a resonant frequency in the range of 50kHz to 150kHz, and is electrically connected to the downstream air supply regulation module. The air supply regulation module integrates a closed-loop control chip, which automatically adjusts the microbubble injection rate and the air supply pressure fluctuation range based on the deviation between the acoustic feedback data and the set reference value. The adjustment frequency is twice per second to ensure the structural uniformity and continuity of the bubble curtain under dynamic working conditions; a gas ionization device is set upstream of the microbubble curtain to release directional charges to the bubble curtain area in real time. The device adopts a high-frequency corona discharge structure, and its electrode structure is a coated tungsten wire mesh. The insulating shell is selected Polytetrafluoroethylene material can effectively isolate the interference of the surrounding fluid. The ionization device is connected to the acoustic feedback regulation module, and its corona polarity and output voltage intensity are controlled according to the feedback signal. When the negative charge of pollutants in the water is detected to be enhanced, a positive charge is automatically applied to enhance the electrostatic adsorption capacity of the bubble curtain interface. The output voltage of the device is controlled in the range of 3kV to 6kV. The setting of the voltage range refers to the common floating range of the Zeta potential of typical colloidal particles in water (about negative 15 millivolts to negative 40 millivolts), so as to increase the capture probability of colloidal particles by regulating the interface charge density under different water quality conditions.

[0055] In terms of pollutant separation path design, in order to ensure that the system can achieve a synergistic but non-interfering separation effect on multiple types of pollutants, differentiated migration and capture mechanisms are adopted for different pollutants. For hydrophobic oil droplets, their natural buoyancy characteristics are utilized to quickly float to the liquid surface under the impetus of the microbubble curtain; for hydrophobic solid particles, the interface retention effect formed by microbubbles on their surface is relied upon, and the diameter of microbubbles is controlled to be less than 1.5 times the average particle size of the pollutants to achieve a higher specific surface area and surface adsorption effect; for hydrophilic colloidal particles, the interface electrostatic adsorption mechanism is adopted, and the Zeta potential interface after ionization regulation is used to achieve charged capture and guide them to migrate to the set enrichment area. The three types of pollutants form their own independent migration trajectories in the microbubble curtain. The diversion logic is shown by fluid dynamics modeling that under the shear velocity gradient Under this effect, the three types of pollutants can be separated by paths to ensure that they are effectively captured without interfering with each other; during the operation of the system, the concentration of pollutants in the enrichment area is monitored with an analysis cycle of ten seconds. If the detection value exceeds the set threshold for two consecutive cycles, the main control unit will trigger the update mechanism of the microbubble curtain, which includes closing the original air supply channel and switching to the spare lateral air supply channel. The channel switching time is controlled within two seconds to maintain the continuous operation characteristics of the system. After the switching is completed, the ionization device in the space where the original bubble curtain is located performs a polarity reversal operation to neutralize the residual charge in the area; at the same time, the exhaust diversion device is started to guide the failed bubbles to the outside of the mainstream channel. The process is triggered in sequence by a preset control signal to ensure the coordinated response and control connection between the sub-operations, thereby realizing real-time update and self-cleaning maintenance of the bubble curtain structure. Regarding the logic of selecting key parameters, taking the microbubble diameter as an example, its design basis is to take into account the maximum specific surface area and stable rising trajectory during the buoyancy process to optimize the contact probability and adsorption efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, its diameter range is set between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the target particle size of the pollutant. If the bubble size is lower than this range, it may cause the buoyancy path to be unstable and difficult to achieve effective adhesion; if it is higher than this range, it is easy to cause bubble merging, resulting in interface discontinuity and affecting separation efficiency. The diameter parameter is obtained in real time by the system's built-in particle size distribution detection module and dynamically adjusted according to the current water condition. The air supply pressure range is set to 20 kPa to 40 kPa, of which the upper limit is set according to the material pressure bearing capacity of the microporous ceramic plate, and the lower limit is determined according to the minimum blow-out pressure required to form a stable bubble output. The pressure regulation process is controlled by a closed-loop feedback mechanism and automatically adjusted with the operating conditions.

[0056] Example 6: This example discloses a method for treating wastewater from a low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative cleaning process used in the manufacturing process of precision electronic components. The wastewater contains particles with an average particle size of The system uses hydrophobic cutting fluid droplets with a concentration fluctuating between 20 mg / L and 100 mg / L, mixed with hydrophilic silica abrasive powder with an average particle size of 300 nm and a Zeta potential ranging from -20 mV to -40 mV. To cope with this specific operating condition, the system implements a power-on self-calibration procedure and real-time feedback control logic during initial deployment to ensure continuous and efficient separation under variable operating conditions.

[0057] The method first executes an automated calibration procedure for determining the optimal inclination angle of the microporous aeration device. The control unit instructs the inclination angle of the microporous aeration device to start from 15 degrees and increase in steps of 1 degree to 45 degrees. At each angle setting, the system runs at a constant initial air supply for three minutes. During this period, the particle image velocimetry system on the side wall of the flow channel continuously calculates the flow field velocity variance in the core area of ​​the flow channel to obtain the flow stability index. At the same time, the online turbidity sensor on the side of the pollutant concentration area monitors the turbidity change rate in real time to characterize the lateral migration efficiency. The goal of the control unit is to find an angle that can maximize the lateral migration efficiency under the constraint of meeting the preset minimum flow stability index. The minimum flow stability index is necessary to maintain the Reynolds number of the water body less than 2000. After the procedure is completed, the control unit will find the optimal angle Solidified as system operating parameters, in this scenario, this procedure will eventually automatically set the tilt angle to 32 degrees.

[0058] Then, the system enters the acoustic benchmark establishment phase. The control unit first flows clean water into the system for five minutes and instructs the acoustic sensor to collect the background acoustic signal generated only by the collapse of microbubbles. The signal processing unit performs a fast Fourier transform on the collected signal and locks the signal with the average diameter of the microbubbles. The corresponding characteristic resonance frequency band, here Based on The relationship is set as The average acoustic energy in this frequency band is recorded as the reference energy. Subsequently, the system introduced the wastewater with the highest known concentration to be treated and continued to run for five minutes, recording the average acoustic energy of the characteristic frequency band under this high load state. Based on this, the system automatically calculates and sets the acoustic warning threshold , whose value is determined by the following procedure: In subsequent continuous operation, when the real-time monitoring of acoustic energy 5 consecutive seconds below When the air volume is increased, the control unit determines that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state and immediately triggers the additional adjustment of the air supply volume. By function Determine, where the system gain coefficient is set to 30%, and The final calculated value of is constrained to be within the range of 10% to 30%.

[0059] To achieve the capture of hydrophilic silica grinding powder, the control logic of the gas ionization module constitutes a closed-loop response system. The online Zeta potential analyzer measures the potential value of the colloidal particles in the inlet wastewater in real time. The measured value is used as the input of a preset "potential-voltage" response model in the control unit. This model is built based on offline experimental calibration data. Its function is to The corona discharge voltage value that can achieve the best capture efficiency is directly derived from the value , the control unit derives based on this The output voltage of the ionization module is accurately set by the value, and the output polarity of the ionization module is also set. This series of integrated calibration and adaptive control procedures ensures that the turbidity and oil content of the purified water always meet the standards, thus effectively resolving the technical challenges brought about by the dynamic changes of pollutants.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step a: introducing the water to be treated into a straight flow channel, the design size of the flow channel is matched with the inlet flow velocity of the water body, so that the water body forms a laminar flow state with a Reynolds number less than 2000 in the flow channel; Step b: Installing a microporous aeration device at the bottom of the flow channel along the water flow direction at an inclination angle of greater than or equal to 15 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and introducing compressed air into the microporous aeration device. The air flow rate and pressure are controlled to continuously generate a sheet-like microbubble curtain with a width-to-thickness ratio greater than 10 in the laminar water body, and the bubble volume fraction of the microbubble curtain is between 0.1% and 5%. The microbubble curtain is composed of continuously generated microbubbles. The bubbles rise along the inclination direction in the water body and continuously burst, thereby forming a continuously renewable separation interface structure, allowing water molecules to pass through the gaps therein and guiding and repelling pollutants. Step c: Using a microbubble curtain, oil droplets and hydrophobic suspended particles in the water are transported laterally through interfacial adsorption and physical entrainment. Under the tilted guidance of the microbubble curtain, pollutants are continuously driven to one side of the flow channel, forming a pollutant concentration zone. Step d: At the end of the flow channel, the pollutants are collected by an overflow weir or a skimmer located at the pollutant concentration zone, and the purified water is discharged through the main outlet on the other side; In step b, the gas used to generate the microbubble curtain is a charged gas that has been ionized by a gas ionization module in advance, so that the surface of the generated microbubbles carries an electrostatic charge, thereby capturing hydrophilic colloidal particles in the water body through electrostatic attraction; The method also includes: real-time collection of acoustic signals generated by bubble bursting on the surface of water in the pollutant concentration area; energy analysis of the acoustic signals within a preset frequency range characterizing bubble bursting; when the energy is lower than a preset acoustic energy threshold for determining whether the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state for 5 consecutive seconds, determining that the microbubble curtain is in a high pollutant load state; and when it is determined to be in a high pollutant load state, increasing the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 10% to 30%.

2. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas ionization module ionizes the gas through corona discharge or dielectric barrier discharge. The method also includes adjusting the output polarity of the ionization module according to the zeta potential measurement results of the colloidal particles in the water to be treated to generate microbubbles with opposite electrical properties to the colloidal particles.

3. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the average diameter of the generated microbubbles is adjusted by controlling the air supply pressure and micropore diameter of the microporous aeration device. and number density, thereby achieving a targeted separation: making the average diameter of the microbubbles The average particle size of the pollutants to be separated The relationship between them is: , to preferentially separate contaminants within this size range.

4. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, a straight flow channel is provided with a rectifying assembly at the water inlet. The rectifying assembly includes a honeycomb guide plate with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel or a multi-layer grid structure with an aperture smaller than the transverse dimension of the water flow channel. The rectifying assembly divides the water flow into multiple sub-flows to assist the water body in quickly forming and maintaining a stable laminar flow state.

5. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step d, the process also includes applying an auxiliary airflow with a flow rate between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s along the water flow direction through an air knife device or a guide fan arranged above the flow channel above the pollutant concentration area to promote the continuous movement and collection of foam on the surface of the water body enriched in the concentration area to the overflow weir or skimmer port.

6. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the microporous aeration device is composed of at least two rows of parallel microporous aeration tubes, which are arranged in sequence along the direction of water flow. The method also includes: adjusting the bubble density of each row of microbubble curtains by controlling the independent air supply pressure or flow rate of each row of microporous aeration tubes to form a bubble density distribution of the microbubble curtain having a preset gradient in the cross-sectional direction of the water body.

7. The low-energy self-cleaning continuous collaborative separation method for water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes: using an online turbidity sensor or an online oil content analyzer to detect the pollutant concentration of the purified water body in real time; when the pollutant concentration exceeds a preset alarm threshold for indicating that the purified water body does not meet the standards for 10 consecutive seconds, increasing the air supply of the microporous aeration device by 20% to 50%; when the pollutant concentration is lower than the alarm threshold for 30 consecutive seconds, restoring the air supply to the level before the impact load.

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