Method for preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution of water body based on biology

Abstract

The invention provides a method for biologically preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in a water body, which comprises the following steps of: putting filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be prevented and controlled to reduce spores of filamentous algae and biomass in an early growth stage; algae-eating animals are put into the water body to be prevented and controlled and used for ingestion of the filamentous algae and inhibition of formation of algae caps of the filamentous algae; the floating type ecological carrier is put into the water body to be prevented and controlled and used for inducing the filamentous algae to form algae covers on the floating type ecological carrier. The filter-feeding invertebrates, the algae-eating animals and the floating ecological carriers are comprehensively used for preventing and treating filamentous algae pollution in the water body, the filter-feeding invertebrates, the algae-eating animals and the floating ecological carriers have high ecological synergy, growth of filamentous algae in the water body can be controlled and the water quality can be improved under the condition of not depending on chemical agents through interaction of multiple organisms, and the pollution of the filamentous algae in the water body can be reduced. And the method has good environmental protection benefits and sustainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water pollution control and treatment, and in particular to a method for biologically preventing and controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing severity of eutrophication, particularly the frequent outbreaks of algal blooms, water pollution has become a global environmental issue that demands urgent attention. Filamentous algae (such as Spirogyra and cyanobacteria) play a significant role in water pollution. They reproduce rapidly, easily form algal blooms, and lead to reduced water transparency and oxygen concentrations, impacting water quality and the ecological environment, even causing serious harm to aquatic life. In particular, in static water bodies (such as lakes, reservoirs, and shrimp and crab ponds), excessive growth of filamentous algae is often accompanied by deterioration in water quality, leading to eutrophication and impacting human water use, fishery production, and the balance of the ecosystem.

[0003] At present, the control methods for filamentous algae mainly include three categories: physical, chemical and biological control. Among them, physical methods such as mechanical cleaning of water bodies and ultraviolet irradiation can remove algae in a short period of time, but usually require frequent operations and will have side effects on the ecological environment of the water body, such as affecting submerged plants and aquatic organisms in the water body; chemical methods such as the introduction of chemical algaecides (such as copper preparations, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) can quickly eliminate algae, but long-term use may cause heavy metal pollution in water bodies or the emergence of drug-resistant algae, causing lasting harm to water quality; biological control methods mainly regulate the growth of algae in water bodies by introducing organisms from nature. Biological control is a more environmentally friendly method and is currently the main research direction, but a single biological control method often has its limitations. For example, filter-feeding animals have limited control effects on large-scale algal blooms, and the application of microorganisms is often affected by environmental factors, resulting in unstable effects.

[0004] At present, the main focus of biological control methods is on microbial control, and the application of microorganisms is focused on immobilized microbial materials to reduce the impact of the environment on microorganisms. For example, patent CN118495695A discloses a microbial immobilization material based on basalt porous ceramsite, which plays a role in water treatment by fixing microorganisms on a carrier. This method improves the stability and activity of microorganisms through the immobilization and catalytic degradation of microorganisms, and has achieved good results in the purification of bottom mud and degradation of organic pollutants in water bodies. However, this technology mainly focuses on the immobilization of microorganisms and the degradation of bottom pollutants, and there are still certain limitations in the control of the expansion of algae (especially filamentous algae) in water bodies.

[0005] Therefore, the existing technologies are still unable to effectively and continuously control the growth of filamentous algae in water bodies. Especially in eutrophic or static water bodies, the effect of controlling algal blooms is still not satisfactory. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive treatment method that can achieve long-term control of algal growth and is environmentally friendly. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. This method comprehensively uses filter-feeding invertebrates, algivorous animals, and floating ecological carriers to prevent and control filamentous algae pollution in water bodies. The three have strong ecological synergy and can control the growth of filamentous algae in water bodies and improve water quality through the interaction of various organisms without relying on chemical agents, with good environmental benefits and sustainability.

[0007] The present application provides a method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies, including the following steps:

[0008] Release filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be treated to reduce the biomass of spores and the early growth stage of filamentous algae;

[0009] Release algivorous animals into the water body to be treated to feed on filamentous algae and inhibit the formation of algal mats of filamentous algae;

[0010] Release floating ecological carriers into the water body to be treated to induce the formation of algal mats of filamentous algae on the floating ecological carriers.

[0011] Based on the present application, by releasing filter-feeding invertebrates, algivorous animals, and floating ecological carriers into the water body to be treated, the filter-feeding invertebrates can reduce the spores and the early biomass of filamentous algae, the algivorous animals can control the growth of filamentous algae, and the floating ecological carriers can control the expansion of algal mats of filamentous algae. The three work together to effectively prevent and control filamentous algae pollution in water bodies and improve water quality.

[0012] Specifically, release filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be treated. These animals can feed on algal spores and planktonic algae in the water through filter-feeding, effectively reducing the filamentous algae spores and the algal filaments in the early growth stage in the water. The main function of this step is to slow down the expansion rate of filamentous algae by reducing the algal density in the water, especially the biomass of algal spores and the early growth stage, and can avoid the premature formation of filamentous algae blooms;

[0013] Release algivorous animals into the water body to be treated. These algivorous animals can feed on filamentous algae, reduce the biomass of filamentous algae in the water, and inhibit the formation of algal mats of filamentous algae. By feeding on filamentous algae, the algivorous animals not only further remove filamentous algae in the water but also prevent the occurrence of excessive algal blooms in the water body by inhibiting the formation of algal mats;

[0014] Floating ecological carriers are placed in the water body to be treated and controlled, providing attachment points for filamentous algae and inducing the formation of algal covers on the carriers. These floating ecological carriers help the filamentous algae to fix on the carrier surface by providing a stable surface, preventing them from floating freely in the water, and physically restricting the expansion of the filamentous algae through the algal covers on the carrier surface; in addition, the algal covers of filamentous algae formed on the floating ecological carriers are easier to collect and remove than those of freely floating algal covers, which can reduce the workload of removing the algal covers.

[0015] Based on this, in the method provided by this application, filter-feeding invertebrates, algal-eating animals, and floating ecological carriers are used to control multiple stages of the growth, reproduction of filamentous algae, and the formation of algal covers of filamentous algae. The synergy of the three can effectively reduce the occurrence of filamentous algae blooms, that is, through the synergistic effect of each step, the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in the water body is achieved through different mechanisms. It is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of filamentous algae pollution in static water bodies.

[0016] In addition, it should be noted that the sequence of each step in this application is not further limited. For example, in the technical solution of this application, filter-feeding invertebrates, algal-eating animals, and floating ecological carriers can be simultaneously put into the water body to be treated and controlled; they can also be put in step by step.

[0017] In some embodiments, the filter-feeding invertebrates include animals of the family Daphniidae and animals of the family Brachionus; the stocking density of the animals of the family Daphniidae is 10 - 50 individuals / m 3 and the stocking density of the animals of the family Brachionus is 10,000 - 50,000 individuals / m 3 .

[0018] In the above-mentioned some embodiments, by stocking a certain density of animals of the family Daphniidae and animals of the family Brachionus, the spore of filamentous algae and the algal biomass in the early growth stage in the water body can be effectively reduced. The animals of the family Daphniidae effectively reduce the initial growth of filamentous algae by filtering and feeding on the algal spores and fine organic particles in the water; while the animals of the family Brachionus have a strong feeding ability for fine algae and can rapidly reduce their density in the early stage of algal growth; through the reasonable stocking density of the two, the growth of filamentous algae can be effectively inhibited at different growth stages, avoiding the problem of resource competition caused by too high density, ensuring the ecological balance in the water body, and at the same time, the spores and early growth bodies of algae in the water body are effectively controlled, providing a good foundation for the stocking of algal-eating animals and ecological carriers, thereby further improving the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae.

[0019] As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, the cladoceran is Daphnia magna, and the rotifer of the Brachionidae family is Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas.

[0020] In some embodiments, the algae-eating animals include animals of the genus Macrobrachium and animals of the genus Rhodeus; the stocking density of the algae-eating animals is 90-150 g / m 3 ; the mass ratio of the animals of the genus Macrobrachium to the animals of the genus Rhodeus is 1:2-4.

[0021] In the above-mentioned some embodiments, by stocking a certain density of algae-eating animals, the filamentous algae in the water can be effectively ingested, their biomass can be reduced, and the formation of the filamentous algae canopy can be inhibited. The animals of the genus Macrobrachium and the animals of the genus Rhodeus significantly reduce the number of algae in the water by ingesting algae in the water body, especially the filaments and granules of filamentous algae; in particular, Macrobrachium mainly feeds on algae and organic matter in the water body and can widely ingest the spores and filaments of filamentous algae, while Rhodeus mainly feeds on algae, plankton, etc. The synergistic effect of the two in the food chain can enhance the overall algae-eating effect. By reasonable stocking density and the mass ratio between the genus Macrobrachium and the genus Rhodeus, the synergistic effect of the food chain of the two in the water body can be ensured, and the problem of resource competition caused by too high density can be avoided. When Macrobrachium and Rhodeus are stocked in the same water body, they occupy different ecological niches respectively, complement each other's food resources, improve the algae-eating effect, and thus achieve a better effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae.

[0022] As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, the animals of the genus Macrobrachium are Macrobrachium nipponense with an average weight of 2±0.5 g / individual, and the animals of the genus Rhodeus are Rhodeus ocellatus with an average weight of 1±0.5 g / individual.

[0023] In some embodiments, the area of the floating ecological carrier accounts for 10%-30% of the area of the water body to be controlled.

[0024] In some of the above embodiments, by controlling the area ratio of the floating ecological carrier, it is possible to ensure that the carrier plays an effective role in the water body without causing excessive impact on other organisms in the water body (such as submerged plants). An area ratio of 10% to 30% is suitable for most water bodies, which can not only ensure the floating stability of the ecological carrier but also avoid the competition for space resources in the water body caused by too many carriers; through a reasonable area ratio, the floating ecological carrier can provide sufficient attachment points for the filamentous algae to colonize on the surface of the carrier and form an algal mat, which can limit the spread of the filamentous algae through physical action and reduce the coverage area of the filamentous algal mat. The floating ecological carrier with the above area will not overly occupy the habitat space of other organisms in the water body, thus achieving a good effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae.

[0025] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier includes a plant fiber mesh and microorganisms loaded on the plant fiber mesh for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae; wherein, the plant fiber mesh is a net-like material woven from plant fibers, and the microorganisms include at least one of the genus Bacillus and the genus Pseudomonas.

[0026] In some of the above embodiments, the plant fiber mesh, as the basic material of the carrier, has excellent physical properties, such as a high surface area and a good pore structure, which can provide sufficient attachment points and growth space for filamentous algae; specifically, the plant fiber mesh is a net-like material woven from plant fibers. The plant fibers are generally fibers composed of natural polysaccharides, which have many active sites to provide conditions for the colonization of filamentous algae, and the net-like structure can also reserve space for the colonization of filamentous algae, reducing the spread of filamentous algae. Therefore, through the physical and chemical properties of the plant fiber mesh, the filamentous algae can be fixed, and the expansion of the filamentous algae can be limited through the formation of an algal mat on its surface, thereby effectively reducing the biomass of algae in the water body; at the same time, the net-like structure and floating performance of the plant fiber mesh ensure that the carrier can stably suspend on the water surface and play a role for a long time;

[0027] At the same time, the microorganisms loaded on the plant fiber mesh for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae can further enhance the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae. The microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and the genus Pseudomonas can degrade organic sulfides in the water (such as DMSP (dimethylsulfoniopropionate) and DMS (dimethyl sulfide), etc.), and these organic sulfides usually stimulate the growth and expansion of filamentous algae; through the degradation of the above microorganisms, the concentration of organic sulfides in the water body is effectively reduced, reducing the stimulating effect on filamentous algae, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae.

[0028] Therefore, while the above floating ecological carrier provides an attachment point for filamentous algae, combined with the microorganisms loaded for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae, the two can achieve long-term control of the growth of filamentous algae, thereby achieving a better prevention and control effect.

[0029] As an example, the plant fiber net used in this application is a commercially available coconut fiber net with square mesh holes (the side length of the hole diameter is 5 ± 1 cm). It can be understood that the plant fiber net includes but is not limited to the above coconut fiber net. Those skilled in the art can select a fiber net that can float on the water surface and is woven from fibers composed of plant polysaccharides with appropriate mesh holes according to actual needs; it should be noted that the area of the plant fiber net refers to the area formed by the outermost plant fibers.

[0030] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier is prepared through the following steps:

[0031] S1: Immerse the plant fiber net in a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to load the plant fiber net with chitosan and polyethyleneimine, obtaining a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0032] S2: Spray a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution on the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to crosslink and solidify the chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net, obtaining a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0033] S3: Immerse the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net in a microorganism-alginate aqueous solution to load the microorganism and alginate on the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net, obtaining a microorganism-alginate-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net;

[0034] S4: Spray a calcium salt aqueous solution on the microorganism-alginate-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to crosslink and fix the microorganism with alginate on the plant fiber net, obtaining the floating ecological carrier.

[0035] In some of the above embodiments, in step S1, through the immersion treatment with a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the plant fiber network can effectively adsorb and load chitosan and polyethyleneimine. This is because the chitosan and polyethyleneimine molecules contain a large number of amino functional groups, which form hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions with the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present on the surface of the plant fiber network, thus stably adhering to the surface and within the pore structure of the plant fiber network, ensuring sufficient uniformity and firmness of the loaded layer in subsequent cross-linking reactions; it should be noted that chitosan has good biocompatibility and has a certain adsorption capacity for organic sulfides, but the film formed by cross-linking chitosan alone has poor mechanical properties, is prone to shedding, and its amino density is relatively low, and the effect of specifically adsorbing organic sulfides is limited. By further adding polyethyleneimine, the mechanical properties of the film layer can be improved, and the amino density in the film layer can be increased, thereby improving the specific adsorption capacity for organic sulfides. At the same time, the co-crosslinking of the two can also reduce the potential toxicity of polyethyleneimine to microorganisms and improve biocompatibility. The two work together to make the floating carrier have a better inhibitory effect on filamentous algae;

[0036] In step S2, the cross-linking reaction is carried out by spraying a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, which is based on the Schiff base reaction between the highly efficient aldehyde groups of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent and the amino groups in chitosan and polyethyleneimine, forming a stable cross-linked structure, making the chitosan-polyethyleneimine layer on the surface of the carrier have stronger mechanical strength and chemical stability, and effectively improving the subsequent ability to adsorb organic sulfides;

[0037] In step S3, the large number of amino functional groups formed by the chitosan-polyethyleneimine cross-linked layer, as well as the rich pore structure, provide good physical and chemical adsorption conditions for the loading of microorganisms and alginate; specifically, the amino functional groups can effectively enrich the negatively charged alginate through electrostatic attraction, thus significantly improving the loading uniformity and loading amount of the microorganism-alginate complex on the surface of the carrier, and at the same time providing ideal conditions for subsequent calcium ion cross-linking of microorganisms;

[0038] In step S4, the cross-linking of alginate by spraying a calcium salt aqueous solution relies on the strong chelation between calcium ions and alginate molecules to quickly form a stable gel structure, which can quickly and firmly embed microorganisms in the gel network, preventing the loss of microorganisms due to water flow or external interference, effectively improving the long-term activity and stability of microorganisms, and thus strengthening the ability of the ecological carrier to stably enrich and efficiently degrade organic sulfides in water for a long time;

[0039] The amino functional groups (provided by chitosan and polyethyleneimine) inside the floating ecological carrier prepared by the above method have a strong affinity for organic sulfides, and can adsorb and enrich these organic sulfides quickly and efficiently; at the same time, the enriched organic sulfides are rapidly degraded by the microorganisms attached to the carrier surface, thereby effectively reducing the concentration of organic sulfides in water, inhibiting the overgrowth of filamentous algae, and finally achieving a significant water body ecological governance effect.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of chitosan is 1% - 2%, and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.2% - 0.4%; the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 1% - 5%;

[0041] In the microorganism-alginate aqueous solution, the mass concentration of alginate is 1% - 3%, and the concentration of the microorganism is 10 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL, and the microorganism includes Bacillus and Pseudomonas with a quantity ratio of 1:1 - 3;

[0042] The concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt aqueous solution is 0.5 - 1 mol / L.

[0043] In the above-mentioned some embodiments, by adjusting the concentrations of chitosan, polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde, alginate, microorganism, and calcium ions in the calcium salt solution, the preparation process of the floating ecological carrier can be effectively optimized, and the loading amount, stability, and long-term effect of the microorganism can be improved.

[0044] Specifically, controlling the concentration of chitosan within the range of 1% - 2% and the concentration of polyethyleneimine within the range of 0.2% - 0.4% is to ensure good adsorption ability for organic sulfides while avoiding problems such as excessive solution viscosity or overly dense cross-linked layers caused by too high concentrations. Therefore, such a concentration range can achieve the best adsorption performance and operational controllability, effectively enhancing the efficient enrichment of organic sulfides; at the same time, as the main material of the cross-linked network, chitosan concentration can reduce the potential toxicity of the membrane layer to microorganisms and improve biocompatibility;

[0045] As a cross-linking agent for chitosan and polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde with its concentration controlled within the range of 1% - 5% can form a moderately cross-linked and stable composite carrier structure, thereby ensuring good long-term adsorption stability and microorganism loading capacity;

[0046] By adjusting the concentration of alginate, the cross-linking strength and structural stability of the composite material can be controlled. An appropriate alginate concentration can effectively immobilize microorganisms and improve the stability of the carrier, and at the same time ensure better growth activity of the microorganisms loaded on the floating ecological carrier;

[0047] The concentration of the microorganisms determines the microbial load and activity. By controlling the concentration of the microorganisms within the range of 10 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL, the uniform distribution and long-term stability of the microorganisms can be ensured. Through the degradation of the microorganisms, the organic sulfides in the water can be effectively reduced, and the growth of filamentous algae can be inhibited. The appropriate selection of the microorganism concentration helps to avoid the competition among microorganisms caused by too high a concentration, thus achieving effective biological control in the water body;

[0048] The floating ecological carrier is simultaneously loaded with Bacillus and Pseudomonas. By adjusting the ratio of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, the synergistic effect of the two in the water body can be ensured, enhancing their degradation ability of the organic sulfides in the water body and further controlling the growth of filamentous algae; Bacillus mainly reduces the organic sulfides in the water by degrading DMSP, while Pseudomonas can utilize DMS as a carbon source to further degrade DMS. Therefore, adjusting the ratio of the two can achieve the dual degradation of DMSP and DMS in the water body and improve the effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae;

[0049] By adjusting the calcium ion concentration in the calcium salt aqueous solution, the strength of the alginate cross-linking reaction can be optimized. The calcium ion concentration of 0.5~1 mol / L ensures the full progress of the cross-linking reaction, thus forming a stable composite material. This process not only enhances the physical stability of the carrier but also can immobilize the microorganisms, ensuring the long-term role of the microorganisms in the water body.

[0050] Therefore, in the above embodiments, by adjusting the alginate concentration, the type and concentration of the microorganisms, and the calcium ion concentration in the calcium salt solution, the preparation process of the floating ecological carrier is optimized, and the structural stability of the carrier and the long-term loading of the microorganisms are ensured, which can further prevent and control the pollution of filamentous algae and improve the water quality.

[0051] As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the microorganism of Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis with the CICC number 10012, and the microorganism of Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas stutzeri with the CICC number 10431.

[0052] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of chitosan is 50,000~200,000, and the degree of deacetylation ≥85%. As an example, in an embodiment of the present application, the chitosan is chitosan with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 and a degree of deacetylation of 95%.

[0053] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of polyethyleneimine is 600 to 10,000. For example, in one embodiment of the present application, the weight-average molecular weight of polyethyleneimine is 2,000.

[0054] In some embodiments, the weight-average molecular weight of alginate is 50,000 to 200,000. As an example, in one embodiment of the present application, the alginate is sodium alginate with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000.

[0055] In some embodiments, the floating ecological carrier can be fixed in position on the water surface by suspending heavy objects below the floating ecological carrier, reducing the migration of the floating ecological carrier. It can be understood that by the above method, the position of the formation of the filamentous algae canopy can be controlled by fixing the position of the floating ecological carrier, and it can be reduced to a position with fewer submerged plants below, reducing the impact of the algae canopy on the submerged plants, so as to carry out water body nutrition between the submerged plants and the filamentous algae, inhibiting the formation of filamentous algae blooms.

[0056] In some embodiments, 14 to 28 days after the filter-feeding invertebrates are put into the water body to be treated, the algivorous animals are then put into the water body to be treated; 14 to 28 days after the algivorous animals are put into the water body to be treated, the floating ecological carrier is then put into the water body to be treated.

[0057] In the above-mentioned some embodiments, by adopting the method of gradually putting in organisms, it can ensure that the functions of different organisms in the water body are fully exerted, and avoid the mutual interference between different organisms, so as to achieve the best effect of preventing and controlling filamentous algae.

[0058] Specifically, first, the filter-feeding invertebrates are put into the water body to be treated, and the algivorous animals are put in 14 to 28 days later. During this period, the filter-feeding invertebrates can effectively reduce the algal spores and early-growing algal filaments in the water body through filter-feeding. The filter-feeding invertebrates reduce the algal biomass in the water by ingesting the algal spores and tiny particles in the water, creating suitable water quality conditions for the subsequent putting in of algivorous animals and the use of floating ecological carriers; at the same time, it can also reduce the phenomenon that the algivorous animals prey on the filter-feeding invertebrates when the filter-feeding invertebrates and the algivorous animals are put in together due to the small number of initial filamentous algae, thus affecting the prevention and control of filamentous algae;

[0059] The algivorous animals are put in 14 to 28 days after the filter-feeding invertebrates are put in. At this time, the filamentous algae in the water have begun to form algal filaments, and the algivorous animals can further ingest the filamentous algae in the water, reducing their biomass and inhibiting the formation of the algae canopy; through a reasonable putting-in density, the algivorous animals can further remove the algal filaments in the water and prevent the occurrence of algal blooms in the water body.

[0060] The floating ecological carrier is released 14 to 28 days after the release of algae-eating animals. At this time, the biomass of filamentous algae in the water has been effectively reduced by the previous two steps. The release of the ecological carrier further restricts the expansion of filamentous algae through physical action, and at the same time provides attachment points for filamentous algae, inducing them to form algae covers on the carrier; at the same time, the benefit of releasing the floating ecological carrier last is that it prevents the floating ecological carrier from blocking sunlight in the early stage, thereby promoting the growth of submerged plants in the water body, thereby competing with filamentous algae for nutrients and inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae; when the ecological carrier is loaded with microorganisms, the final release can also effectively prevent the loss of microorganisms in the early stage, so that the microorganisms on the ecological carrier can better exert their effect of inhibiting filamentous algae.

[0061] Therefore, the phased release of different organisms and ecological carriers in the above technical solution can ensure the effective control of filamentous algae in water bodies and avoid resource competition and interference between different organisms; the role of each biological species can be effectively coordinated, thereby achieving the maximum effect of inhibiting filamentous algae and realizing continuous improvement of water quality.

[0062] In some embodiments, after the floating ecological carrier is added to the water body to be controlled for 150 to 210 days, the floating ecological carrier in the water body is replaced.

[0063] In some embodiments, regular replacement of floating ecological carriers can effectively maintain the continuity and stability of water treatment. Over time, the microbial load and algae attachment on the ecological carrier may be affected by environmental factors (such as temperature, water flow, microbial activity, etc.), so regular replacement of the carrier can ensure that the function of the carrier continues to be exerted. Specifically, a replacement cycle of 150 to 210 days is suitable for most water bodies. At this time, the number of filamentous algae and water quality in the water body have been effectively controlled, but over time, the algae colonization and microbial activity on the carrier may gradually weaken, so it is necessary to replace a new ecological carrier to ensure continuous and effective water quality treatment; at the same time, by replacing the carrier, the filamentous algae cover attached to the carrier is also removed, thereby achieving a better prevention and control effect on filamentous algae.

[0064] In some embodiments, the water body to be controlled is a static water body, and the static water body includes one of a reservoir, a lake, and a shrimp and crab pond.

[0065] In some of the above embodiments, the method for preventing filamentous algae in water bodies provided by the present application is particularly applicable to static water bodies, such as reservoirs, lakes, and shrimp and crab ponds. Due to the slow water flow in static water bodies, organic pollutants and nutrients are likely to accumulate, providing a good environment for the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae. The characteristics of static water bodies make them places where filamentous algae blooms occur frequently. In such an environment, filamentous algae are prone to form dense algal covers without the interference of water flow, seriously affecting the ecological balance of the water body. Through the method of the present application, filter-feeding invertebrates can quickly remove algal spores and filaments in the water body, algal-eating animals further reduce the biomass of filamentous algae, and the colonization of floating ecological carriers restricts the expansion of algae, thus effectively curbing the formation of filamentous algae blooms.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are at least as follows:

[0067] 1. Through the staged release of filter-feeding invertebrates, algal-eating animals, and floating ecological carriers, the method provided by the present application can form multi-stage algal inhibition effects in the water body, effectively inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae and preventing the formation of algal blooms;

[0068] 2. The method provided by the present application does not rely on chemical agents, but improves water quality through natural biological processes (such as microbial degradation, filter-feeding, etc.), so it has strong environmental protection and sustainability, avoiding the negative impact of chemical agents on the ecological environment.

[0069] 3. By reasonably adjusting the release density and proportion of each biological species and combining with the long-term effect of floating ecological carriers, the method provided by the present application can achieve long-term and stable water body treatment effects, effectively avoiding the problem of water quality rebound;

[0070] 4. The method provided by the present application is applicable to various water body types, especially in static water bodies (such as reservoirs, lakes, and shrimp and crab ponds), and the effect is particularly significant, capable of dealing with the problem of algal blooms caused by the slow water flow in static water bodies.

[0071] 5. Through the synergistic effect of multiple organisms, the method provided by the present application effectively reduces the organic pollutants in the water body and promotes the growth of submerged plants in the water body, enhancing the balance and stability of the water body ecosystem. Specific Embodiments

[0072] The embodiments or implementation schemes in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the key points of each embodiment are the differences from other embodiments.

[0073] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0074] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0075] In the expressions of this specification, unless otherwise specified, "parts" all refer to "parts by mass".

[0076] Hereinafter, the embodiments of this application will be described. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application and cannot be understood as a limitation to this application. For those technologies or conditions not specified in the embodiments, they shall be carried out according to the technologies or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0077] The cladoceran is Daphnia magna;

[0078] The rotifer of the Brachionidae family is Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas;

[0079] The animal of the Macrobrachium genus is Macrobrachium nipponense with an average weight of 2 ± 0.5 g per individual;

[0080] The animal of the Rhodeus genus is Rhodeus ocellatus with an average weight of 1 ± 0.5 g per individual;

[0081] Chitosan, with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000 and a degree of deacetylation of 95%;

[0082] Polyethyleneimine, with a weight-average molecular weight of 2000;

[0083] The alginate is sodium alginate with a weight-average molecular weight of 100,000;

[0084] The plant fiber mesh is a commercially available coconut fiber mesh with square mesh holes (the side length of the pore diameter is 5 ± 1 cm), which is cut into a square with an area of about 0.4 m 2 for standby;

[0085] The microorganism of the genus Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis with the CICC number 10012. After rejuvenation and enlarged cultivation, it is for standby;

[0086] The microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas stutzeri with the CICC number 10431. After rejuvenation and enlarged cultivation, it is for standby.

[0087] Preparation Example 1

[0088] Preparation of floating biological carriers:

[0089] Chitosan is dissolved in 1 wt% acetic acid aqueous solution, and then polyethyleneimine is added to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 1.5% and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.3%;

[0090] The plant fiber mesh is immersed in the above chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution for 24 h, and then taken out to obtain chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh;

[0091] Quickly and evenly spray 2% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution on the taken-out chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh, and the spraying amount is about 20 mL / m 2 , then stand still at room temperature for crosslinking for 12 h. During the crosslinking process, a small amount of water can be appropriately sprayed. After the crosslinking is completed, it is rinsed with water to obtain solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh;

[0092] An aqueous solution of sodium alginate with a mass percentage of 4% is mixed with a microbial suspension with a total concentration of 6×10 8 CFU / mL in equal volume to obtain a microorganism-sodium alginate aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of the microorganism of the genus Bacillus in the microbial suspension is 2×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of the microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas is 4×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0093] The above solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh is immersed in the above microorganism-sodium alginate aqueous solution for 24 h, and then taken out to obtain microorganism-sodium alginate-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh;

[0094] Quickly and evenly spray 1 mol / L calcium chloride aqueous solution on the taken-out microorganism-sodium alginate-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh, and the spraying amount is about 20 mL / m 2, then leave it to crosslink at room temperature for 2 h. After the crosslinking is completed, rinse it with water and air-dry it at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier A.

[0095] Preparation Example 2

[0096] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0097] It is substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that an aqueous chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 1.8% is used instead of the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to obtain the floating biological carrier B.

[0098] Preparation Example 3

[0099] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0100] It is substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that in the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of chitosan is 0.9% and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.9% to obtain the floating biological carrier C.

[0101] Preparation Example 4

[0102] Preparation of the floating biological carrier:

[0103] Dissolve chitosan in a 1 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution, and then add polyethyleneimine to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 1.5% and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.3%;

[0104] Immerse the plant fiber mesh in the above chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution for 24 h, and take it out to obtain the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh;

[0105] Quickly and evenly spray a 2% aqueous glutaraldehyde solution on the taken-out chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh, and the spraying amount is about 20 mL / m 2 , then leave it to crosslink at room temperature for 12 h. During the crosslinking process, a small amount of water can be appropriately sprayed. After the crosslinking is completed, rinse it with water to obtain the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh;

[0106] Immerse the above solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh in the microbial suspension for 24 h, and take it out to obtain the microorganism-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh; wherein, the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms is 2×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0107] Rinse the microorganism-chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber mesh with water and air-dry it at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier D.

[0108] Preparation Example 5

[0109] Preparation of floating biological carrier:

[0110] An aqueous sodium alginate solution with a mass percentage of 4% was mixed with a microbial suspension with a total concentration of 6×10 8 CFU / mL in equal volume to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 2×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms was 4×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0111] The plant fiber net was immersed in the above-mentioned microbial-sodium alginate aqueous solution for 24 h, and then taken out to obtain a microbial-sodium alginate-plant fiber net;

[0112] 1 mol / L calcium chloride aqueous solution was quickly and evenly sprayed onto the taken-out microbial-sodium alginate-plant fiber net, and the spraying amount was about 20 mL / m 2 , and then left to crosslink at room temperature for 2 h. After the crosslinking was completed, it was rinsed with water and dried at room temperature to obtain the floating biological carrier E.

[0113] Preparation Example 6

[0114] Preparation of floating biological carrier:

[0115] It was substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that: the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 6×10 8 CFU / mL, and it did not contain Pseudomonas microorganisms, to obtain the floating biological carrier F.

[0116] Preparation Example 7

[0117] Preparation of floating biological carrier:

[0118] It was substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that: the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 6×10 8 CFU / mL, and it did not contain Bacillus microorganisms, to obtain the floating biological carrier G.

[0119] Preparation Example 8

[0120] Preparation of floating biological carrier:

[0121] It was substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that: the concentration of Bacillus microorganisms in the microbial suspension was 4×10 8 CFU / mL, and the concentration of Pseudomonas microorganisms was 2×10 8 CFU / mL, to obtain the floating biological carrier H.

[0122] Preparation Example 9

[0123] Preparation of floating biological carriers:

[0124] It is substantially the same as Preparation Example 1, except that the microbial suspension is replaced with an equal volume of water to obtain floating biological carrier I.

[0125] The experiment was carried out in multiple fish ponds located in the Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fish ponds (4 m long, 3 m wide, and 0.9 m deep) were evenly divided into 6 small enclosures (4 / 3 m long, 1.5 m wide, 0.9 m deep, with an area of 2 m 2 ) by an impermeable polyvinyl chloride diaphragm. After cleaning and disinfection, each small enclosure in the pond was filled with water to 0.5 m. The water sources used were all water bodies contaminated by filamentous algae in the vicinity; the sediment used in the experiment was a mixture of fish pond bottom mud and loess. The Vallisneria denseserrulata used in the experiment was uniformly purchased. Before the experiment, the Vallisneria denseserrulata was trimmed to the same length, number of leaves, and root length, and the Vallisneria denseserrulata was carefully cleaned to remove the snail eggs and attachments on the leaves. Flower pots (10 cm in bottom diameter, 12 cm in height, and 13 cm in outer diameter) were used as containers for planting Vallisneria denseserrulata. Five plants of Vallisneria denseserrulata were planted in each flower pot, which contained 8 cm deep of sediment. 30 identical flower pots were placed in each small enclosure to simulate submerged aquatic plants underwater. The above one small enclosure was used as a simulation of the water body to be treated.

[0126] Example 1

[0127] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0128] Filter-feeding invertebrates are put into the water body to be treated. Among them, the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates. The stocking density of Daphnia magna is 30 individuals / m 3 , and the stocking density of Brachionus calyciflorus is about 30,000 individuals / m 3 ;

[0129] 21 days after the filter-feeding invertebrates are put in, algivorous animals are put into the water body to be treated. Among them, the algivorous animals include Macrobrachium nipponense and Rhodeus ocellatus. The stocking density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 30 g / m 3 , and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m 3 ;

[0130] 21 days after the algivorous animals are put in, 0.4 m 2 of floating biological carrier A is put into the water body to be treated;

[0131] 180 days after floating biological carrier A is put in, a camera is used to take a photo of the water body 2 m above the water body to be treated, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 is used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0134] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the filter-feeding invertebrates only include Daphnia magna, and the stocking density is 50 individuals / m 3 .

[0135] Example 3

[0136] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0137] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the filter-feeding invertebrates only include Brachionus calyciflorus, and the stocking density is 50,000 individuals / m 3 .

[0138] Example 4

[0139] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0140] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the algae-eating animals only include Macrobrachium nipponense, and the stocking density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 120 g / m 3 .

[0141] Example 5

[0142] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0143] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the algae-eating animals only include Rhodeus ocellatus, and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 120 g / m 3 .

[0144] Example 6

[0145] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0146] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that floating biological carrier B is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0147] Example 7

[0148] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0149] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that floating biological carrier C is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0150] Example 8

[0151] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0152] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier D is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0153] Example 9

[0154] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0155] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier E is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0156] Example 10

[0157] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0158] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier F is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0159] Example 11

[0160] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0161] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier G is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0162] Example 12

[0163] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0164] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier H is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0165] Example 13

[0166] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0167] It is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: floating biological carrier I is used instead of floating biological carrier A.

[0168] Example 14

[0169] A method for biological control of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0170] Filter-feeding invertebrates, algivores and 0.4 m of floating biological carrier A are put into the water body to be controlled on the same day. Among them, the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates, and the stocking density of Daphnia magna is 30 individuals / m 2 , and the stocking density of Brachionus calyciflorus is about 30,000 individuals / m 3 , 3; The algal grazers include Macrobrachium nipponense and Rhodeus ocellatus. The stocking density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 30 g / m 3 , and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m 3 ;

[0171] After 222 days of stocking, a water body photo was taken 2 m above the water body to be treated using a camera, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 was used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0172] Comparative Example 1

[0173] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0174] Filter-feeding invertebrates and 0.4 m 2 of floating biological carrier A were stocked in the water body to be treated on the same day. Among them, the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates. The stocking density of Daphnia magna is 30 individuals / m 3 , and the stocking density of Brachionus calyciflorus is approximately 30,000 individuals / m 3 ;

[0175] After 222 days of stocking, a water body photo was taken 2 m above the water body to be treated using a camera, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 was used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0176] Comparative Example 2

[0177] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0178] Algal grazers and 0.4 m 2 of floating biological carrier A were stocked in the water body to be treated on the same day. Among them, the algal grazers include Macrobrachium nipponense and Rhodeus ocellatus. The stocking density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 30 g / m 3 , and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m 3 , and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m; [[ID=,, and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m [[ID=]]

[0179] After 222 days of stocking, a water body photo was taken 2 m above the water body to be treated using a camera, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 was used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0180] Comparative Example 3

[0181] A method for biologically controlling filamentous algae pollution in water bodies:

[0182] Filter-feeding invertebrates and algal grazers were stocked in the water body to be treated on the same day. Among them, the filter-feeding invertebrates include filter-feeding invertebrates. The stocking density of Daphnia magna is 30 individuals / m3 , the stocking density of Brachionus calyciflorus is about 30,000 individuals / m 3 ; The algivores include Macrobrachium nipponense and Rhodeus ocellatus. The stocking density of Macrobrachium nipponense is 30 g / m 3 , and the stocking density of Rhodeus ocellatus is 90 g / m 3 ;

[0183] After 222 d of stocking, a camera was used to take water body photos 2 m above the water body to be controlled, and Adobe Photoshop 2023 was used to determine the surface coverage area (%) of filamentous algae. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0184] Table 1

[0185] Surface coverage area (%) Example 1 21.6 Example 2 25.5 Example 3 24.8 Example 4 28.6 Example 5 26.3 Example 6 25.8 Example 7 25.3 Example 8 27.1 Example 9 26.8 Example 10 25.7 Example 11 26.9 Example 12 24.5 Example 13 30.3 Example 14 30.1 Comparative Example 1 40.8 Comparative Example 2 36.1 Comparative Example 3 34.7

[0186] According to Table 1, the surface coverage area of filamentous algae in each example is significantly lower than that in the comparative example, indicating that the method provided by the present application can effectively control the pollution of filamentous algae in the water body; the possible reason is that in Comparative Example 1, only filter-feeding invertebrates and floating ecological carriers were used to treat the simulated water body to be controlled. Although filter-feeding invertebrates can control the early biomass of filamentous algae and ecological carriers can inhibit the spread of algal covers, it is difficult to control the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae in the water body due to the lack of algivores, resulting in a poor control effect; in Comparative Example 2, only algivores and floating ecological carriers were used to treat the simulated water body to be controlled. Since the content of filamentous algae in the water body was low in the early stage, the food of algivores in the water body was lacking, and they may have fed on submerged plants, resulting in less competition pressure for filamentous algae in the early stage of the water body. Although algivores have an inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of filamentous algae and ecological carriers can inhibit the spread of algal covers, due to the relatively high early biomass, the control effect is relatively poor; in Comparative Example 3, only filter-feeding invertebrates and algivores were used to treat the simulated water body to be controlled. Although filter-feeding invertebrates and algivores reduce the time for algal cover formation through synergistic effects, after the algal cover is formed, the aggregated filamentous algae will accelerate the growth of filamentous algae, resulting in a further increase in the algal cover area and a relatively poor control effect.

[0187] It can be seen from Examples 1 to 3 that using different types of filter-feeding invertebrates has a certain impact on the effect of controlling filamentous algae pollution in the water body. When using cladoceran animals and brachionid animals with appropriate stocking densities, the effect of controlling filamentous algae pollution in the water body is better.

[0188] It can be seen from Examples 1, 4 and 5 that using different types of algivores has a certain impact on the effect of controlling filamentous algae pollution in the water body. When using a certain proportion of Macrobrachium animals and Rhodeus animals, the effect of controlling filamentous algae pollution in the water body is better.

[0189] According to Embodiments 1, 6 to 9, it can be seen that when using the floating ecological carrier with the shell material on the upper surface of the floating ecological carrier, and using a certain proportion of chitosan and polyethyleneimine crosslinking as the inner layer and alginate crosslinking as the outer layer on the shell of the floating ecological carrier and immobilizing microorganisms, the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in water bodies is better.

[0190] According to Embodiments 1, 10 to 13, it can be seen that whether the floating ecological carrier used is loaded with microorganisms and the types of microorganisms loaded have a certain impact on the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in water bodies. When a certain proportion of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and the genus Pseudomonas are on the floating ecological carrier, the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in water bodies is better.

[0191] According to Embodiments 1 and 14, it can be seen that the time sequence of releasing filter-feeding invertebrates, algivores and floating ecological carriers has a certain impact on the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in water bodies. When releasing filter-feeding invertebrates first, releasing algivores after a period of time, and finally releasing floating ecological carriers after another period of time, the effect of preventing and controlling the pollution of filamentous algae in water bodies is better.

[0192] The possible reasons for the comparison results of the above embodiments are described in detail in the invention content and will not be repeated here.

[0193] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for biocontrol of filamentous algae pollution in water bodies, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Put filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled to reduce the spores and biomass in the early growth stage of filamentous algae; Put algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled to feed on filamentous algae and inhibit the formation of the algal canopy of filamentous algae; Put floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled to induce the formation of an algal canopy of filamentous algae on the floating ecological carriers.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The filter-feeding invertebrates include Daphnidae and Brachionidae; the stocking density of Daphnidae is 10-50 individuals / m 3 , and the stocking density of Brachionidae is 10,000-50,000 individuals / m 3 .

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The algivorous animals include animals of the genus Macrobrachium and animals of the genus Rhodeus; the stocking density of the algivorous animals is 90-150 g / m 3 ; the mass ratio of the animals of the genus Macrobrachium to the animals of the genus Rhodeus is 1:2-4.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The area of the floating ecological carrier accounts for 10% - 30% of the area of the water body to be controlled.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The floating ecological carrier includes a plant fiber net and microorganisms loaded on the plant fiber net for inhibiting the growth of filamentous algae; Among them, the plant fiber net is a net-like material woven from plant fibers, The microorganisms include at least one of the genus Bacillus and the genus Pseudomonas.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The floating ecological carrier is prepared through the following steps: S1: Immerse the plant fiber net in a chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution so that the plant fiber net is loaded with chitosan and polyethyleneimine to obtain a chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S2: Spray a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution on the chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to crosslink and solidify the chitosan and polyethyleneimine on the plant fiber net to obtain a solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S3: Immerse the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net in a microorganism-alginate aqueous solution so that the microorganisms and alginate are loaded on the solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to obtain a microorganism-alginate-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net; S4: Spray a calcium salt aqueous solution on the microorganism-alginate-solidified chitosan-polyethyleneimine-plant fiber net to crosslink and fix the microorganisms with the alginate on the plant fiber net to obtain the floating ecological carrier.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein In the chitosan-polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the mass concentration of chitosan is 1% - 2%, and the mass concentration of polyethyleneimine is 0.2% - 0.4%; The mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 1% - 5%; In the microbial-alginate aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the alginate is 1% to 3%, and the concentration of the microorganism is 10 7 to 10 9 CFU / mL. The microorganisms include Bacillus and Pseudomonas in a quantity ratio of 1:1 to 3; The concentration of calcium ions in the calcium salt aqueous solution is 0.5 - 1 mol / L.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, 14 - 28 days after putting filter-feeding invertebrates into the water body to be controlled, then put algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled; 14 - 28 days after putting algivorous animals into the water body to be controlled, then put floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein 150 - 210 days after putting floating ecological carriers into the water body to be controlled, replace the floating ecological carriers in the water body.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water body to be controlled is a static water body, and the static water body includes one of a reservoir, a lake, and a shrimp and crab pond.