Liquid-solid lubricating composite material for rail side of steel rail and preparation method and application of liquid-solid lubricating composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail side lubrication, in particular to a liquid-solid lubrication composite material for the rail side of a steel rail and a preparation method and application of the liquid-solid lubrication composite material. A liquid-solid lubricating composite material for a steel rail side is prepared from the following preparation raw materials in percentage by mass: 23-26 parts of lithium-based grease, 6-8 parts of an extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 16-20 parts of a solid powder anti-wear agent, 3-5 parts of diatomite, 0.2-0.4 part of a wetting agent, 2-3 parts of a coupling agent, 0.3-0.5 part of an antioxidant, 0.4-0.6 part of an anti-rust agent, 1-1.4 parts of phenyl silicone oil and 45-52 parts of a solvent. Wherein the solvent water and the ethylene glycol are mixed according to the mass part ratio of 1: 1. Through component optimization and synergistic effect design, high performance of the lubricating composite material under extreme working conditions is achieved, meanwhile, environmental protection and construction convenience are considered, and an efficient and sustainable solution is provided for rail traffic wheel rail lubrication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail side lubrication technology, and in particular to a liquid-solid lubrication composite material for rail sides, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Railway transportation is a key pillar of modern socioeconomic development, playing an indispensable role in freight and passenger transport. With the continuous expansion of the railway network and the continued growth in transportation intensity, higher requirements are being placed on the maintenance and upkeep of railway tracks. The application of rail grease is crucial for reducing track wear, energy consumption, and noise pollution.

[0003] In recent years, with growing environmental awareness and the growing acceptance of sustainable development, higher requirements have been placed on the environmental friendliness and biodegradability of railway track greases. While traditional mineral oil-based greases offer excellent lubrication, they are difficult to biodegrade and can easily cause environmental pollution. Furthermore, existing rail lubrication technology primarily relies on solid lubricant rods, which require high-temperature melting before spraying and frequent stops for replacement, resulting in low efficiency and high costs. Furthermore, solid lubricant films are prone to detachment and are unable to withstand the high-wear environment of tight-radius curves, resulting in shortened rail and wheel life and noise pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to address the deficiencies of current technology and provide a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for rail sides, its preparation method and application. This application solves the above-mentioned problems by rapidly solidifying after liquid spraying, significantly improving lubrication durability and construction convenience. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for rail sides prepared in this application has excellent friction-reducing lubrication performance, adhesion, high temperature resistance and self-repairing properties, extending the service life of wheels and rails. In addition, it is biodegradable and meets environmental protection requirements. It can be used for the lubrication of rail transit wheels and rails in the temperature range of -50 to 150°C.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail, adopting the following technical solution: a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail, comprising the following raw materials, calculated by mass: 23-26 parts of lithium-based grease, 6-8 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 16-20 parts of solid powder anti-wear agent, 3-5 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.2-0.4 parts of wetting agent, 2-3 parts of coupling agent, 0.3-0.5 parts of antioxidant, 0.4-0.6 parts of rust inhibitor, 1-1.4 parts of phenyl silicone oil, and 45-52 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent water and ethylene glycol are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, lithium-based grease: As a basic lubricating composite material, it provides good lubricating performance and adhesion. Extreme pressure and anti-wear agent: Such as composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite esters, these substances can provide anti-wear performance under extreme pressure and protect the metal surface from damage. Solid powder anti-wear agent: Such as composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and organosilicon tetrafluoroborate. Boron nitride and graphite have good self-lubricity and anti-wear property; polytetrafluoroethylene and organosilicon tetrafluoroborate provide additional high-temperature resistance and friction reduction property. Diatomite: It has strong adsorption ability and chemical stability, which helps to improve the adhesion and stability of the material. Wetting agent: It helps to improve the wettability of the lubricating composite material, making it easier to form a uniform lubricating film on the metal surface. Coupling agent: It is used to improve the compatibility of the solid powder anti-wear agent with other components and enhance the overall performance of the material. Antioxidant: It prevents the performance of the material from degrading under high temperature or oxidation conditions. Rust inhibitor: It protects the metal surface from corrosion and extends the service life. Phenyl silicone oil: It provides additional lubricity and flexibility. Solvent: The mixed solvent of water and ethylene glycol helps the dissolution and dispersion of other components, and at the same time ensures the uniformity and stability of the material. These components interact with each other during the preparation process and jointly act on the performance improvement of the lubricating composite material. For example, lithium-based grease provides basic lubricating performance, the extreme pressure and anti-wear agent and the solid powder anti-wear agent jointly act on improving the anti-wear property, and the wetting agent and the coupling agent ensure that the material can better adhere to the metal surface and improve the overall performance. At the same time, the protective effects of the antioxidant and the rust inhibitor ensure the stability and durability of the material in harsh environments. In summary, the synergistic effect of these components ensures that the prepared liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the railway rail has excellent friction reduction and lubricating performance, adhesion, high-temperature resistance and self-repair property, and at the same time meets the environmental protection requirements.

[0007] Preferably, the lithium-based grease, by mass parts, comprises the following preparation raw materials: 83-87 parts of epoxidized soybean oil ester, 9-11 parts of lithium 12-hydroxystearate, 3-4 parts of polyisobutylene, 0.8-1.1 parts of diphenylamine.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, lithium grease, as the basic component of the lubricating composite material, provides good lubricating performance and adhesion. It can form a lubricating film on the metal surface, reducing the direct contact and friction between metals, thereby reducing wear and heat generation. Since the lithium grease is made of biodegradable epoxidized soybean oil ester, the lubricating composite material can be decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment after use, reducing environmental pollution. Components such as lithium 12-hydroxystearate and polyisobutene in the lithium grease have good high-temperature resistance, ensuring that the lubricating composite material can still maintain good lubricating performance under high-temperature conditions. The lithium grease acts together with other components such as extreme pressure anti-wear agents and solid powder anti-wear agents to improve the overall performance of the lubricating composite material. For example, the lithium grease can cooperate with molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in the extreme pressure anti-wear agent to provide stronger anti-wear and antioxidant capabilities. At the same time, the lithium grease interacts with components such as boron nitride and polytetrafluoroethylene in the solid powder anti-wear agent to further enhance the friction reduction performance and adhesion of the lubricating composite material. In summary, the lithium grease, as the basic lubricating composite material in this application, not only provides good lubricating performance and adhesion, but also has the characteristics of biodegradability and high-temperature resistance. At the same time, it interacts with other components to jointly improve the overall performance of the lubricating composite material, ensuring its stability and durability under extreme conditions.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the epoxidized soybean oil ester includes the following steps: S31. According to the mass parts, add 50 parts of epoxidized soybean oil and 5.8 parts of suberic acid to the reaction vessel, heat to 170 - 180 °C, stir and react for 10 - 15 min, stir and cool to room temperature to obtain suberic acid-modified epoxidized soybean oil; S32. According to the mass parts, add 30 parts of toluene, 50 parts of suberic acid-modified epoxidized soybean oil, 3.2 parts of trimethylolpropane, and 0.6 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid to the reaction vessel equipped with a water separator and a condenser reflux tube. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, heat to 75 - 80 °C, react for 3 - 4 h, carry out vacuum distillation, and dry to obtain the epoxidized soybean oil ester.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, step S31: Synthesis of suberic acid modified epoxy soybean oil. One carboxyl group of suberic acid undergoes a ring-opening reaction with the epoxy group of epoxy soybean oil to generate suberic acid modified epoxy soybean oil, introducing active carboxyl groups. Step S32: Preparation of epoxy soybean oil ester by esterification reaction. The modified carboxyl group reacts with the hydroxyl group of trimethylolpropane to form a vegetable oil-based ester with a crosslinked structure. The prepared epoxy soybean oil ester is based on epoxy soybean oil and retains the biodegradable characteristics of vegetable oil through esterification modification, meeting environmental protection requirements. The crosslinked structure (introduced by trimethylolpropane) enhances thermal stability and meets the lubrication requirements in a wide temperature range from -50 to 150 °C. Synergy with lithium 12-hydroxystearate: As a base oil, it forms a stable colloidal structure with lithium soap (lithium 12-hydroxystearate), improving the mechanical stability and high-temperature anti-loss property of lithium-based grease. Synergy with polyisobutene: Polyisobutene is used as a thickener to jointly optimize the rheological properties of the grease body with epoxy soybean oil ester, enhancing adhesion and lubrication persistence. Diphenylamine is used as an antioxidant to protect epoxy soybean oil ester from oxidation degradation at high temperatures and extend the life of the lubricating composite material. Through chemical modification, while retaining biodegradability, it overcomes the defect of poor oxidation stability of traditional vegetable oils and realizes the unity of lubrication performance and environmental protection requirements. In summary, through two-step modification, this epoxy soybean oil ester combines the environmental protection characteristics of natural oils with the temperature resistance of synthetic materials, providing a high-performance and biodegradable base oil system for liquid-solid lubricating composite materials and being a key component to improve the comprehensive performance of rail lubricating composite materials.

[0011] Preferably, the extreme pressure and anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, molybdenum disulfide can form a protective film on the friction surface, reducing the direct contact and friction between metals, thereby reducing wear and heat generation. At the same time, molybdenum disulfide has good thermal stability and can maintain its lubrication performance under high-temperature conditions. Phosphite is an anti-wear agent and antioxidant, which can form a protective film on the metal surface, reducing the friction and wear between metals. At the same time, phosphite also has good antioxidant properties and can prevent metals from oxidizing under high-temperature conditions. The combination of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite can complement and enhance each other's functions. While molybdenum disulfide forms a protective film on the friction surface, phosphite can form a protective film on the metal surface and prevent metal oxidation. This synergistic effect significantly improves the anti-wear performance and antioxidant performance of the lubricating composite material. In summary, the combination of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite as an extreme pressure and anti-wear agent not only provides excellent anti-wear and antioxidant properties but also further enhances the overall performance of the lubricating composite material through synergistic effects. This combination ensures the stability and durability of the lubricating composite material under extreme conditions.

[0013] Preferably, the solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent in a mass ratio of 5:3:3:4.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, boron nitride has a layered structure, which can form a lubricating film with low shear strength on the friction surface, significantly reducing the friction coefficient. At the same time, it can withstand high temperatures up to 900 °C, ensuring lubrication stability under extreme temperatures. Boron nitride has a high thermal conductivity coefficient, which can quickly disperse frictional heat and avoid lubrication failure caused by local high temperatures. Polytetrafluoroethylene is a material with an extremely low friction coefficient. The intermolecular force of PTFE is weak and it is easy to transfer into a continuous lubricating film under high pressure, reducing the friction and wear between metals. At the same time, polytetrafluoroethylene also has good chemical stability and temperature resistance, reducing direct metal contact, being resistant to acids and alkalis, and antioxidation, and maintaining stable performance under complex working conditions. Flaky graphite is a natural graphite material with good electrical conductivity and lubricity. It can form a lubricating film on the friction surface, reducing the friction and wear between metals. At the same time, flaky graphite also has good high-temperature resistance. Organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent is a new type of anti-friction lubricant with excellent anti-friction lubricity and temperature resistance. It can form a lubricating film on the friction surface, reducing the friction and wear between metals. The organosilicon segment provides wide-temperature stability from -50 to 300 °C. The tetrafluoroborate ion forms an adsorption film at the friction interface and can achieve self-repair through dynamic ionic bond recombination when damaged. Its polar groups can be anchored on the metal surface, enhancing the adhesion of the lubricating film. At the same time, organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent also has good chemical stability and temperature resistance. The combination of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent can complement and enhance each other's functions. While boron nitride can form a hard protective film on the friction surface, polytetrafluoroethylene can form a lubricating film on the friction surface and reduce friction; while flaky graphite can form a lubricating film on the friction surface, organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent can form a lubricating film on the friction surface and reduce friction. This synergistic effect significantly improves the anti-wear performance and temperature resistance of the lubricating composite material. In summary, the combination of the solid powder anti-wear agent not only provides excellent anti-wear performance and temperature resistance, but also further enhances the overall performance of the lubricating composite material through synergistic effects. This combination ensures the stability and durability of the lubricating composite material under extreme conditions.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent includes the following steps: S61. By mass parts, add 15 parts of acetonitrile, 3 parts of 1,3-bis(3-chloropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and 1.72 parts of N-methylimidazole into a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser reflux tube. Place it in a microwave reactor for reaction for 20 - 30 min, set the power to 800 W, cool, perform vacuum distillation, wash the product with petroleum ether, and then recrystallize with ethanol to obtain an organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt; S62. By mass parts, add 20 parts of acetonitrile, 5 parts of the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, 10 parts of deionized water, and 3.16 parts of calcium tetrafluoroborate into a reaction vessel. Heat it to 70 - 80 °C and react for 6 - 7 h. Remove acetonitrile by vacuum distillation, extract the residual solution with dichloromethane, perform vacuum distillation on the organic phase, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain an organosilicon tetrafluoroborate antifriction agent.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, in step S61: the synthesis of the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, the chlorine atom in the chloropropylsiloxane undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the nitrogen atom of N-methylimidazole to generate the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt. The microwave condition can shorten the reaction time and improve the product purity. Washing with petroleum ether removes the unreacted substances, and recrystallization with ethanol purifies to ensure that the product is a high-purity quaternary ammonium salt. In step S62: preparing the tetrafluoroborate by ion exchange, the Cl - in the quaternary ammonium salt exchanges ions with the BF4 - of calcium tetrafluoroborate to generate the organosilicon tetrafluoroborate. Dichloromethane extraction separates the by-products (such as CaCl2), and washing with acetone removes the residual impurities. The final product has both the flexibility of the organosilicon chain and the chemical stability of the tetrafluoroborate anion, forming an ionic liquid structure with high temperature resistance and low friction. The functions of the prepared organosilicon tetrafluoroborate antifriction agent: the tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4 - ) forms an adsorption film at the friction interface to reduce the friction coefficient. The flexibility of the organosilicon chain enables the lubricating film to maintain continuity under dynamic loads. The organosilicon chain has high temperature resistance (-50 to 300 °C), and the tetrafluoroborate anion has strong thermal stability, meeting the requirements of the wide temperature range (-50 to 150 °C) of rail transit. The dynamic reversibility of the ionic bond enables the lubricating film to achieve self-repair through ion recombination after being damaged, extending the lubrication life. Synergy with solid powder antiwear agents: boron nitride / graphite: at high temperature / high pressure, the organosilicon antifriction agent fills the micropores of the solid powder to form a dense lubricating layer. PTFE provides a low-friction substrate, and the organosilicon antifriction agent enhances the adhesion between PTFE and the metal surface through polar adsorption. Synergy with lithium-based grease: the organosilicon chain combines with the polar groups (ester groups) of epoxy soybean oil ester through van der Waals forces to improve the film-forming uniformity of the grease. The negative charge of the tetrafluoroborate anion electrostatically attracts the positive charge of the lithium soap (lithium 12-hydroxystearate) to enhance the structural stability of the grease body.

[0017] Preferably, the coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass parts ratio of 2:3.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, ethyltrimethoxysilane can form chemical bonding with the substrate surface, improving the adhesion between the material and the substrate. Ethyltrimethoxysilane can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate surface, enhancing the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material. Ethyltrimethoxysilane can increase the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, preventing the coating from peeling off. Isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate can form chemical bonding with the substrate surface, improving the adhesion between the material and the substrate. Isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate surface, enhancing the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material. Isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate can increase the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, preventing the coating from peeling off. The synergistic effects of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in this application are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Improving adhesion: Both can form chemical bonding with the substrate surface, increasing the adhesion between the coating and the substrate. At the same time, both can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate surface, further enhancing the adhesion. 2. Improving surface properties: Both can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate surface, enhancing the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material. At the same time, both can also improve the uniformity and stability of the coating. 3. Improving coating properties: The combined action of both can improve the overall properties of the coating, including wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and adhesion, etc. At the same time, both can also improve the high-temperature resistance and temperature change resistance of the coating. The synergistic effects of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in this application not only increase the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate surface, enhancing the overall properties of the coating.

[0019] Preferably, the antioxidant is dilauryl thiodipropionate; the rust inhibitor is barium petroleum sulfonate; the wetting agent is dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0020] In a second aspect, this application provides a preparation method for a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side of a railway track, adopting the following technical solutions: As a general technical concept, this application also provides the preparation method for the above-mentioned liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side of a railway track, including the following steps: S91. According to the mass parts, mix lithium grease, phenyl silicone oil and a solvent evenly at 5*0 - 60 °C to obtain liquid A; S92. According to the mass parts, sequentially add an extreme pressure anti-wear agent, a solid powder anti-wear agent, diatomite, a wetting agent, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a rust inhibitor into liquid A, and stir at high speed until evenly dispersed, then cool to room temperature to obtain the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side of a railway track.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail, adopting the following technical solution: As a general technical concept, the present application also provides an application of the above liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail is sprayed onto the side surface of the steel rail through a spraying device, and a solid lubricating film with a thickness of 200-300 μm is formed within 50-60 minutes.

[0022] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present application are as follows: 1. Excellent anti-friction lubricity and multi-component synergistic lubrication: Solid powder anti-wear agents (boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphite, organosilicon tetrafluoroborate) act synergistically through different lubrication mechanisms (such as layered structure sliding, low-friction coefficient film, self-repairing) to form a multi-layer lubricating protection layer, significantly reducing the friction coefficient between the wheel and the rail. The organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent can maintain the stability of the lubricating film even at extreme temperatures through its unique ionic structure and heat resistance. Extreme pressure anti-wear agents (molybdenum disulfide + phosphite) form a chemisorbed film under high pressure and high temperature conditions to prevent direct contact between the metal surfaces and reduce wear.

[0023] 2. Strong adhesion and persistence Ethyltrimethoxysilane and titanate coupling agent (2:3) improve the bonding force between the lubricating composite material and the surface of the steel rail through chemical bonding, preventing the lubricating film from peeling off due to mechanical impact or environmental factors. Diatomite, as a porous carrier, adsorbs the lubricating components, delays the loss of effective components, and extends the lubricating persistence. Liquid spraying and rapid curing: After the solvent (water + ethylene glycol) volatilizes, the lubricating composite material quickly cures into a film, ensuring the close fit of the coating with the steel rail.

[0024] 3. Self-repairing and anti-wear protection Self-repairing mechanism of solid lubricants: Flaky graphite and boron nitride can fill surface micro-damages during friction to form a dynamic repair layer. The ion exchange characteristics of organosilicon tetrafluoroborate can re-form a film at local high temperatures to repair the defects of the lubricating layer. Molybdenum disulfide and phosphite form a stable chemical reaction film under high pressure to prevent metal surface abrasion.

[0025] 4. Environmental protection and biodegradability Degradable base oil: Lithium-based grease uses epoxy soybean oil ester (vegetable oil-based) as the base oil, and through esterification reaction design, it ensures that the material can be decomposed by microorganisms after use, reducing environmental pollution.

[0026] 5. Construction convenience and economy Liquid spraying process: The material is sprayed in a liquid form and quickly cured, simplifying the construction process and being suitable for uniform coverage of complex track structures.

[0027] Long-lasting maintenance cycle: The high durability of the lubricating film reduces the need for frequent re-application, lowering maintenance costs.

[0028] 6. Extend the service life of wheel and rail Comprehensive protection mechanism: Through multiple protections such as friction reduction, wear resistance, rust prevention (rust inhibitor), and antioxidant (antioxidant), the wear rate of wheel and rail is significantly reduced, extending the service life of rail and wheel. The synergistic effect of rust inhibitor and coupling agent effectively isolates moisture and corrosive media, preventing rail corrosion.

[0029] 7. Innovative material design Novel organosilicon tetrafluoroborate friction reducer: Synthesized through quaternization and ion exchange reactions, it combines the lubricity of ionic liquid and the temperature resistance of organosilicon, breaking through the temperature limit of traditional lubricants. Modified epoxy soybean oil ester: The bio-degradability and high-temperature stability of the base oil are enhanced through suberic acid modification and esterification reaction, replacing non-renewable mineral oil-based materials. Specific implementation manners

[0030] The implementation manners of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application. For those not specified in the examples, the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are adopted. For the reagents or instruments not specified for the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0031] In the following examples, preparation examples, and preparation comparative examples, 1 part means 10 g.

[0032] Preparation example 1 Preparation of lithium grease The lithium grease, by mass fraction, comprises the following preparation raw materials: 85 parts of epoxy soybean oil ester, 10 parts of lithium 12-hydroxystearate, 3.5 parts of polyisobutylene, and 1 part of diphenylamine; wherein, the preparation method of the epoxy soybean oil ester comprises the following steps: S31. According to the mass fraction, add 50 parts of epoxy soybean oil and 5.8 parts of suberic acid to a reaction vessel, heat to 175 °C, stir and react for 12 min, stir and cool to room temperature to obtain suberic acid-modified epoxy soybean oil; S32. According to the mass fraction, add 30 parts of toluene, 50 parts of suberic acid-modified epoxy soybean oil, 3.2 parts of trimethylolpropane, and 0.6 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid to a reaction vessel equipped with a water separator and a condenser reflux tube, heat to 78 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, react for 3.4 h, carry out vacuum distillation, and dry to obtain epoxy soybean oil ester; The preparation method of the lithium grease is to stir and mix the components in the formula evenly by mass fraction to obtain lithium grease.

[0033] Preparation example 2 Preparation method of silicone tetrafluoroborate friction reducer, comprising the following steps: S61. According to mass parts, add 15 parts of acetonitrile, 3 parts of 1,3-bis(3-chloropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and 1.72 parts of N-methylimidazole into a reaction vessel equipped with a condensing reflux tube, place it in a microwave reactor for reaction for 25 min, set the power to 800 W, cool, perform reduced pressure distillation, wash the product with petroleum ether, and then recrystallize with ethanol to obtain a silicone quaternary ammonium salt; S62. According to mass parts, add 20 parts of acetonitrile, 5 parts of the silicone quaternary ammonium salt, 10 parts of deionized water, and 3.16 parts of calcium tetrafluoroborate into the reaction vessel, heat to 77 °C, react for 6.7 h, perform reduced pressure distillation to remove acetonitrile, extract the residual solution with dichloromethane, perform reduced pressure distillation on the organic phase, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain a silicone tetrafluoroborate friction reducer.

[0034] Example 1 A liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a railway rail, by mass parts, comprising the following preparation raw materials: 23 parts of lithium grease, 6 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 16 parts of solid powder anti-wear agent, 3 parts of diatomite, 0.2 part of dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 2 parts of coupling agent, 0.3 part of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.4 part of barium petroleum sulfonate, 1 part of phenyl silicone oil, and 45 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent is prepared by mixing water and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass ratio of 3:2, the solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and a silicone tetrafluoroborate friction reducer in a mass ratio of 5:3:3:4, and the coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass ratio of 2:3; The preparation method of the above-mentioned liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a railway rail, comprising the following steps: S91. According to mass parts, mix lithium grease, phenyl silicone oil and solvent evenly at 50 °C to obtain liquid A; S92. According to mass parts, sequentially add the extreme pressure anti-wear agent, solid powder anti-wear agent, diatomite, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, coupling agent, dilauryl thiodipropionate and barium petroleum sulfonate into liquid A, and stir at high speed until evenly dispersed, and cool to room temperature to obtain a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a railway rail.

[0035] Example 2 A liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of railway rails, by mass fraction, comprises the following preparation raw materials: 26 parts of lithium-based grease, 8 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 20 parts of solid powder anti-wear agent, 5 parts of diatomite, 0.4 part of dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 3 parts of coupling agent, 0.5 part of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.6 part of barium petroleum sulfonate, 1.4 parts of phenyl silicone oil, and 52 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent is prepared by mixing water and ethylene glycol in a mass fraction ratio of 1:1; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass fraction ratio of 3:2; the solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and an organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent in a mass fraction ratio of 5:3:3:4; the coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass fraction ratio of 2:3; The preparation method of the above liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of railway rails comprises the following steps: S91. According to the mass fraction, mix lithium-based grease, phenyl silicone oil and the solvent evenly at 60 °C to obtain liquid A; S92. According to the mass fraction, sequentially add the extreme pressure anti-wear agent, solid powder anti-wear agent, diatomite, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, coupling agent, dilauryl thiodipropionate and barium petroleum sulfonate into liquid A, and stir at high speed until evenly dispersed, then cool to room temperature to obtain the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of railway rails.

[0036] Example 3 A liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of railway rails, by mass fraction, comprises the following preparation raw materials: 25 parts of lithium-based grease, 7 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 18 parts of solid powder anti-wear agent, 4 parts of diatomite, 0.3 part of dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 2.3 parts of coupling agent, 0.4 part of dilauryl thiodipropionate, 0.5 part of barium petroleum sulfonate, 1.2 parts of phenyl silicone oil, and 48 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent is prepared by mixing water and ethylene glycol in a mass fraction ratio of 1:1; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass fraction ratio of 3:2; the solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite and an organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent in a mass fraction ratio of 5:3:3:4; the coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass fraction ratio of 2:3; The preparation method of the above liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of railway rails comprises the following steps: S91. According to the mass fraction, mix lithium-based grease, phenyl silicone oil and the solvent evenly at 55 °C to obtain liquid A; S92. By mass parts, in liquid A, an extreme pressure and anti-wear agent, a solid powder anti-wear agent, diatomite, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, a coupling agent, dilauryl thiodipropionate, and barium petroleum sulfonate are sequentially added, and they are stirred at high speed until evenly dispersed and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 It is the same as Example 3, except that the extreme pressure and anti-wear agent is molybdenum disulfide.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 It is the same as Example 3, except that the extreme pressure and anti-wear agent is phosphite.

[0039] Comparative Example 3 It is the same as Example 3, except that the solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and flaky graphite in a mass parts ratio of 5:3:3.

[0040] Comparative Example 4 It is the same as Example 3, except that the coupling agent is ethyltrimethoxysilane.

[0041] Comparative Example 5 It is the same as Example 3, except that the coupling agent is isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate.

[0042] Performance Test Samples of the liquid-solid lubricating composite materials for the side of the steel rail prepared in Example 1, Example 3, and Comparative Examples 1-5 are taken, and they are sprayed onto the clean side surface of the steel rail through a spraying device and naturally dried within 55 minutes to form a solid lubricating film with a thickness of approximately 250 μm. After standing for 5 hours, the following performance tests are carried out; Coefficient of friction: According to the method of SHT0204-1992, the coefficient of friction of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail is tested using a four-ball friction tester, with a load of 196 N, a rotational speed of 1000 r / min, and test temperatures of 75 °C and 100 °C; Wear resistance: Tested according to the method of ISO 7148 through a reciprocating friction test (load 500 N, frequency 10 Hz); Adhesion: Test the bonding force between the solid lubricating film and the steel rail according to the method of GB / T 5210.

[0043] Table 1 Performance Test Project Coefficient of friction at 75°C Coefficient of friction at 100°C Wear amount / mg / km Adhesion force / MPa Example 1 0.097 0.092 0.031 8.1 Example 2 0.092 0.087 0.028 8.4 Example 3 0.085 0.078 0.023 8.5 Comparative Example 1 0.104 0.095 0.054 8.3 Comparative Example 2 0.117 0.108 0.067 8.4 Comparative Example 3 0.132 0.129 0.083 6.7 Comparative Example 4 0.099 0.093 0.035 7.6 Comparative Example 5 0.097 0.091 0.031 7.8 Analyzing the data in Table 1, it can be seen that: 1) The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side prepared in Examples 1 to 3 has excellent anti-friction and lubrication performance, adhesion, high temperature resistance and self-repairing property, which can extend the service life of wheels and rails. In addition, it is biodegradable and meets the environmental protection requirements, and can be applied to the lubrication of rail transit wheels and rails in the temperature range of -50 to 150 °C.

[0044] 2) Combining the performance comparison and analysis of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 shows that the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass ratio of 3:2. By utilizing their combined action, the anti-wear performance and antioxidant performance of the lubricating composite material are significantly improved.

[0045] 3) Combining the performance comparison and analysis of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side obtained from Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 shows that the organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent prepared in this application uses 1,3-bis(3-chloropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, N-methylimidazole and calcium tetrafluoroborate as reactants, and through quaternization and ion exchange reactions, a new type of organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent is obtained. It has excellent anti-friction and lubrication properties and temperature resistance, and can also improve the bonding force between the solid lubricating film and the rail.

[0046] 4) Combining the performance comparison and analysis of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 shows that the coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass ratio of 2:3. By utilizing their synergistic effect, the overall performance of the coating can be improved, including wear resistance and adhesion. At the same time, both can also improve the high temperature resistance of the coating.

[0047] The above examples are only used to explain the technical solutions of this application and not to limit them. Although the above examples have specifically described this application, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation manners of the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced. Any modification and equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a rail, characterized in that By mass parts, it includes the following preparation raw materials: 23-26 parts of lithium grease, 6-8 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 16-20 parts of solid powder anti-wear agent, 3-5 parts of diatomite, 0.2-0.4 parts of wetting agent, 2-3 parts of coupling agent, 0.3-0.5 parts of antioxidant, 0.4-0.6 parts of rust inhibitor, 1-1.4 parts of phenyl silicone oil, and 45-52 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent is prepared by mixing water and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

2. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein The lithium grease, by mass parts, includes the following preparation raw materials: 83-87 parts of epoxy soybean oil ester, 9-11 parts of 12-hydroxystearic acid lithium, 3-4 parts of polyisobutene, and 0.8-1.1 parts of diphenylamine.

3. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail according to claim 2, wherein The preparation method of the epoxy soybean oil ester includes the following steps: S31. According to mass parts, add 50 parts of epoxy soybean oil and 5.8 parts of suberic acid to a reaction vessel, heat to 170-180 °C, stir and react for 10-15 min, stir and cool to room temperature to obtain suberic acid-modified epoxy soybean oil; S32. According to mass parts, add 30 parts of toluene, 50 parts of suberic acid-modified epoxy soybean oil, 3.2 parts of trimethylolpropane, and 0.6 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid to a reaction vessel equipped with a water separator and a condenser reflux tube. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, heat to 75-80 °C, react for 3-4 h, carry out vacuum distillation and drying to obtain epoxy soybean oil ester.

4. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein The extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of molybdenum disulfide and phosphite in a mass ratio of 3:

2.

5. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail according to claim 1, wherein The solid powder anti-wear agent is composed of boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, flaky graphite, and organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent in a mass ratio of 5:3:3:

4.

6. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail according to claim 5, wherein The preparation method of the organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent includes the following steps: S61. According to mass parts, add 15 parts of acetonitrile, 3 parts of 1,3-bis(3-chloropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and 1.72 parts of N-methylimidazole to a reaction vessel equipped with a condenser reflux tube, place it in a microwave reactor for reaction for 20-30 min, set the power to 800 W, cool, carry out vacuum distillation, wash the product with petroleum ether, and then recrystallize with ethanol to obtain organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt; S62. According to mass parts, add 20 parts of acetonitrile, 5 parts of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, 10 parts of deionized water, and 3.16 parts of calcium tetrafluoroborate to a reaction vessel, heat to 70-80 °C, react for 6-7 h, carry out vacuum distillation to remove acetonitrile, extract the residual solution with dichloromethane, carry out vacuum distillation on the organic phase, wash with acetone, and dry to obtain the organosilicon tetrafluoroborate anti-friction agent.

7. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail according to claim 1, wherein The coupling agent is composed of ethyltrimethoxysilane and isopropyl tri(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl) titanate in a mass ratio of 2:

3.

8. The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of a steel rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is dilauryl thiodipropionate; the rust inhibitor is barium petroleum sulfonate; the wetting agent is dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

9. A preparation method of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the rail side of a rail, as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S91. According to mass parts, mix lithium grease, phenyl silicone oil, and solvent evenly at 50-60 °C to obtain liquid A; S92. By mass parts, in liquid A, an extreme pressure anti-wear agent, a solid powder anti-wear agent, diatomite, a wetting agent, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a rust inhibitor are sequentially added, and they are stirred at high speed until evenly dispersed and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail.

10. Application of the liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The liquid-solid lubricating composite material for the side of the steel rail is sprayed onto the side surface of the steel rail through a spraying device, and a solid lubricating film with a thickness of 200-300 μm is formed within 50-60 minutes.