Bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration engineering and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of river channel desilting, and particularly relates to an ecological sediment desilting device for river and lake ecological restoration engineering and a using method thereof.The ecological sediment desilting device comprises a sludge bin, a laying unit is arranged outside the sludge bin, a positioning monitoring unit is arranged at one end of the laying unit, and a shearing unit is arranged inside and outside the sludge bin jointly; a vibration unit is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the sludge bin; according to the device, the silt bin is controlled to move towards the bottom mud through telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the silt in rivers and lakes is locally divided and surrounded by the silt bin, then, a hinge plate is controlled through a telescopic movable column to pull a cutter to precisely cut the bottom mud in the silt bin, and finally, pollutants in the region surrounded by the silt bin and the cutter are removed through a water valve to remove the pollutants in the region surrounded by the silt bin and the cutter. The phenomenon that the bottom mud is resuspended in the traditional bottom mud dredging process is broken through, pollutants in the bottom mud are prevented from being released and dissolved again, the water quality stability is improved, and the ecological system balance of rivers and lakes is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of river channel dredging, and in particular relates to a bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration projects and a method of using the device. Background Art

[0002] River and lake sediment ecology: A complex ecosystem formed by the interaction between sediments (sediments) at the bottom of rivers and lakes, the surrounding water environment, biological communities, and physical and chemical factors (such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH). Sediments themselves are the physical support structure of the ecosystem, containing a variety of organic and inorganic substances that play a key role in ecological processes.

[0003] The existing technology has the following problems in the process of dredging the river and lake bottom mud:

[0004] 1. For dredging of river and lake sediments, the reamer at the front of a cutter suction dredging vessel is typically used to cut and loosen the bottom sediment. A pump is then used to transport the target sediment to a designated location. However, during this process, the constant interaction between the reamer and the fluid can cause the river and lake sediment outside the reamer to resuspend and re-float. This is because the fluid is centrifuged by the reamer, causing the sediment to resuspend in the fluid and interact with it. This in turn causes pollutants in the sediment to be released or dissolved into the water, affecting water quality. (For example, during the dredging of eutrophic lakes, sediment resuspension can cause a sharp increase in the concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water over a short period of time, exacerbating the risk of algae blooms.)

[0005] 2. The distribution of bottom sediment in water bodies is uneven, that is, its thickness, composition and degree of pollution vary in different areas. At river bends, due to the centrifugal force of the water flow, bottom sediment tends to accumulate in large quantities on the inner side of the bend, while relatively less in other areas. This makes it difficult for existing dredging equipment (bucket dredging vessels, cutter suction dredging vessels and jet suction dredging vessels) to determine a uniform dredging depth and range during the dredging process. Insufficient dredging will not effectively remove pollutants. Excessive dredging may damage the benthic ecological environment and even affect the ecological stability of the water body. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration projects and a method for using the same, comprising a silt bin, a laying unit provided on the outside of the silt bin, a positioning monitoring unit provided at one end of the laying unit, a shearing unit provided both inside and outside the silt bin, and a vibration unit provided on the outer wall of one side of the silt bin;

[0007] The shearing unit comprises:

[0008] There are at least two docking seats that are symmetrically snap-fitted and installed on the outer end surface of the horizontal section of the sludge bin;

[0009] The blade opening is a through-opening formed in the middle position of the vertical section on one side of the silt bin.

[0010] The rubber seat is arranged outside the blade opening on one side, and the rubber seat is clamped and installed in cooperation with the outer wall of the vertical section of the silt bin.

[0011] The wall plates are grouped in pairs of two and are symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of the vertical section on the other side of the silt layer.

[0012] The telescopic movable column is clamped and installed at the axis of the two wall plates in the same group.

[0013] The page plate is clamped and installed at the end of the telescopic movable column away from the silt bin.

[0014] There is one cutting knife, which is clamped and installed between the two page plates, and the cutting knife is slidably clamped and installed in cooperation with the blade opening.

[0015] There is at least one incision, which is formed at the end of the cutting knife away from the page plate.

[0016] There is at least one notch, which is evenly formed at the end of the cutting knife away from the page plate; in addition, the notch is communicated with the incision.

[0017] Preferably, an upward spray cavity is clamped and installed on the end face of the cutting knife close to the connection seat in a fitting manner, a lifting plate is clamped and installed on the end face of the upward spray cavity away from the cutting knife, a downward spray cavity is clamped and installed on the end face of the cutting knife away from the lifting plate, at least one corner pipe is embedded and installed inside the end of the cutting knife close to the page plate, and the corner pipes are respectively communicated with the upward spray cavity and the downward spray cavity. A steel pipe is clamped and installed on the outer wall of the cutting knife away from the silt bin, there is one steel pipe, and the steel pipe is communicated with the corner pipe. A hose is clamped and installed at the middle position of the outer wall of the steel pipe. A water pump communicated with the hose is clamped and installed on the outer wall of the silt bin close to the connection seat through a mounting seat. Water valves are symmetrically inserted and installed on the outer wall of the silt bin, and the water valves are close to the connection seat end. In addition, the water valves and the wall plates belong to the same end.

[0018] Preferably, cavities are symmetrically formed inside the vertical section of the silt bin close to the steel pipe, and the cavities are communicated with the blade opening. Panels are symmetrically clamped and installed inside the cavities. A spring rod is slidably clamped and installed in cooperation between the two panels in the same group. A double-sided shovel is clamped and installed at the end of the spring rod close to the blade opening. A sealing gasket is arranged on one side of the blade opening close to the middle position of the silt bin, and the sealing gasket is clamped and installed in cooperation with the inner wall of the silt bin. Brackets are symmetrically clamped and installed on the vertical section of the silt bin away from the cutting knife. A hydraulic spring device is inserted and installed at the middle position of the horizontal section of the bracket. One end of the two hydraulic spring devices away from the connection seat is jointly installed with a single-sided shovel distributed in a fitting manner with the outer wall of the silt bin through an ear seat. Guide bars are clamped and installed on the outer wall of the vertical section of the silt bin away from the cutting knife, and the number of the guide bars is at least one and the guide bars are slidably clamped and installed in cooperation with the single-sided shovel.

[0019] Preferably, the laying unit includes:

[0020] The slide rails are arranged in groups of two and are symmetrically arranged on one side of the outside of the sludge bin;

[0021] The support is mounted on the outer wall of one end of the slide rail close to the sludge bin in a sliding and snap-fitting manner;

[0022] There is one hammock, which is snap-fitted to one end of the two supports away from the slide rails;

[0023] The side trough is provided at one end of the hammock close to the silt bin;

[0024] The shaft seats are arranged in pairs and are symmetrically mounted inside the side grooves by sliding engagement.

[0025] A ruler is snap-fitted and mounted on one end of the hammock near the side slot;

[0026] The electronic needle is mounted on the middle of the end face of the shaft seat close to the scale;

[0027] The two bases are in one and are symmetrically snap-fitted and installed at the other end of the hammock near the silt bin;

[0028] The hydraulic cylinder is plug-in installed in the middle position of the base, and the hydraulic cylinder is snap-fitted and installed between the end close to the sludge bin and the docking seat.

[0029] Preferably, the positioning monitoring unit includes:

[0030] The electric telescopic rod is mounted on the middle position of the shaft base away from the slide rail through the mounting base;

[0031] The reaction cylinder is mounted on the end of the electric telescopic rod close to the sludge bin;

[0032] The hanging plate is mounted on the inner wall of the reaction tube near one end of the electric telescopic rod;

[0033] The positive electrode is embedded and clamped on the axis of the end of the hanging plate away from the electric telescopic rod;

[0034] The air plug is installed on the inner wall of the reaction tube away from the hanging plate in a sliding fit;

[0035] The negative electrode is embedded and clamped on the axis of the end face of the air plug close to the positive electrode;

[0036] The detection rod is installed at the axis of the end of the air plug away from the hanging plate;

[0037] The telescopic spring is installed on the outer wall of the detection rod, and the telescopic spring is located between the air plug and the end of the reaction tube away from the hanging plate.

[0038] The induction ring is embedded and snap-fitted on the axis of the end of the detection rod away from the reaction tube.

[0039] Preferably, the outer wall of the reaction cylinder is circumferentially distributed with connecting columns that are snap-fitted and installed with the outer wall of the reaction cylinder. Three of the connecting columns form a group. A key plate is snap-fitted and installed at one end of the connecting column away from the axis of the reaction cylinder. The three key plates are snap-fitted and installed together with a sleeve that is fitted with the outer wall of the reaction cylinder at one end away from the connecting column. A telescopic gas rod is circumferentially snap-fitted on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve close to the electric telescopic rod. There is at least one telescopic gas rod. A ring knife is snap-fitted and installed in a sliding manner with the inner wall of the sleeve at one end of the telescopic gas rod away from the reaction cylinder, and the ring knife is slidably installed with the detection rod.

[0040] Preferably, the end of the cutter away from the page plate is serrated, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutter head end is a right triangle, the generatrix of the incision cross-sectional area is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head, the vertical distance between the end face of the lifting plate away from the cutter and the end face of the downward spray chamber away from the cutter is equal to the blade width, and the inclined surface of the end of the downward spray chamber close to the cutter head is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head close to the downward spray chamber.

[0041] Preferably, the vibration unit includes:

[0042] The angle plate is clamped and installed on the outer wall of the vertical section of the silt bin close to the cutter, and the angle plate is located at the end of the silt bin away from the docking seat;

[0043] The ring pipe is installed in the middle of the corner plate away from the sludge bin;

[0044] The double-headed center wheel is mounted inside the ring tube near the angle plate through a rotating shaft;

[0045] The gasket is clamped and installed on the inner wall of the end of the ring tube away from the angle plate;

[0046] The spring telescopic column is installed at the axis of the gasket by sliding insertion, and the spring telescopic column is installed in a sliding manner with the ring tube;

[0047] The ball head is snap-fitted and installed on the end of the spring telescopic column away from the angle plate.

[0048] The method for removing silt from the riverbed sediment is to use the above-mentioned sediment ecological silt removal device for river and lake ecological restoration projects and its use method to carry out silt removal. The specific steps are as follows:

[0049] S1: First, the electric telescopic rod controls the reaction cylinder to move away from the slide rail until the induction ring contacts the mud layer. After that, the electric telescopic rod controls the detection rod to continue to move downward until the detection rod enters a different mud layer. At this time, the friction between the detection rod and the mud layer changes, the telescopic spring is compressed, and the positive plate contacts the negative plate, thereby determining the depth of different mud layers in different areas;

[0050] S2: Then, control the sludge bin to move away from the slide rail through the hydraulic cylinder until the sludge bin encloses the sludge in the river or lake locally. At this time, the depth where the cutting knife is located is based on the average value of the vertical depths between different mud layers in different areas detected by the aforementioned detection rod.

[0051] S3: Finally, pull the cutting knife towards the sludge bin through the telescopic movable column. During this process, through the fluid impact between the upper spray cavity and the lower spray cavity, the molecular structure between different mud layers on the working surface of the cutting knife is destroyed, the molecular binding degree is reduced, the viscosity between different mud layers is broken, and the accuracy before and after the cutting of the cutting knife is fully guaranteed.

[0052] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. Through the telescopic movement of the hydraulic cylinder, the present invention controls the sludge bin to move towards the bottom mud, thereby realizing the local segmentation and enclosure of the sludge in the river or lake by the sludge bin. After that, the cutting knife is controlled by the telescopic movable column to pull the page plate to precisely cut the bottom mud inside the sludge bin. Finally, through the water valve, the pollutants within the area enclosed by the sludge bin and the cutting knife are discharged to the external storage device, breaking the phenomenon of bottom mud resuspension during the traditional bottom mud dredging process, avoiding the re-release and dissolution of pollutants in the bottom mud, improving the water quality stability, and maintaining the balance of the river and lake ecosystem.

[0054] 2. The present invention controls the reaction cylinder through the electric telescopic rod to drive the detection rod to move towards the bottom mud. During this process, the contact time with the bottom mud for the first time is recorded through the induction ring. After that, under the control of the electric telescopic rod, the detection rod continues to move deeper into the mud layer until the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are in contact, and the current time is recorded again. The telescopic amount of the electric telescopic rod within the time difference before and after is the vertical depth between different mud layers. Finally, by calculating the average telescopic amount between two monitoring points as the telescopic amount of the hydraulic cylinder, the uneven distribution of sludge in different areas is balanced, that is, by taking the average value multiple times, the cutting amount of the single cutting knife on the bottom mud is determined, thereby realizing the dredging and restoration of the river and lake bottom mud ecosystem and avoiding the occurrence of excessive dredging, fully guaranteeing the balance of the river and lake bottom mud ecosystem.

[0055] 3. Through the cooperation between the upper spray cavity and the lower spray cavity, the present invention provides fluid impact on the working surface of the cutting knife. When the fluid impacts the mud layer cut by the cutting knife, the energy is transmitted to the particles in the mud layer. For the viscous mud layer, the fluid impact causes the particles in the mud layer to obtain kinetic energy, the relative movement between the particles intensifies, and the interlayer shear force is generated to cause damage, thereby destroying the original closely arranged structure, reducing the adhesion between the sludge and the bottom mud, improving the shear accuracy of the cutting knife for different mud layers, and improving the dredging effect and purpose.

[0056] 4. Through the high-frequency misaligned contact between the double-headed central wheel and the spring telescopic column, the invention prompts the ball head to impact the cutter at a high frequency. The cutter generates kinetic energy during vibration, and the particles between different mud layers gradually loosen under the scouring action of the kinetic energy, thereby reducing the adhesion between different mud layers and further improving the cutting accuracy of the cutter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 1 The right view of the structure in the figure.

[0059] Figure 3 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 1 The rear view of the structure in the figure.

[0060] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the hammock and its partial structure in the present invention.

[0061] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure of the positioning and monitoring unit in the present invention.

[0062] Figure 6 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 5 The sectional view of the mechanism in the figure.

[0063] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the sleeve and its partial structure in the present invention.

[0064] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure of the shearing unit in the present invention.

[0065] Figure 9 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the cutter and its partial structure in the present invention.

[0066] Figure 10 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 9 The plan view of the partial structure in the figure.

[0067] Figure 11 It is a plan view of the partial structure inside the silt bin and the internal structure of the vibration unit in the present invention.

[0068] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, silt bin; 2, laying unit; 3, positioning and monitoring unit; 4, shearing unit; 5, vibration unit;

[0069] 21, slide rail; 22, support; 23, hammock; 24, side groove; 25, shaft seat; 26, scale; 27, electronic needle; 28, base; 29, hydraulic cylinder;

[0070] 31. Electric telescopic rod; 32. Reaction cylinder; 33. Suspension tray; 34. Positive electrode plate; 35. Air plug; 36. Negative electrode plate; 37. Detection rod; 38. Telescopic spring; 39. Induction ring;

[0071] 311. Connecting column; 312. Key plate; 313. Sleeve; 314. Telescopic air rod; 315. Ring cutter;

[0072] 41. Connecting seat; 42. Knife edge; 43. Rubber seat; 44. Wall plate; 45. Telescopic movable column; 46. Page plate; 47. Cutter; 48. Cut; 49. Notch;

[0073] 411. Upward spray chamber; 412. Yang plate; 413. Downward spray chamber; 414. Angle pipe; 415. Steel pipe; 416. Hose; 417. Water pump; 418. Water valve;

[0074] 421. Cavity; 422. Panel; 423. Spring rod; 424. Double-sided shovel; 425. Sealing gasket; 426. Bracket; 427. Hydraulic spring device; 428. Single-sided shovel; 429. Guide bar;

[0075] 51. Angle plate; 52. Ring pipe; 53. Double-headed center wheel; 54. Gasket; 55. Spring telescopic column; 56. Ball head. Detailed embodiments

[0076] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0077] It should be noted that the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation.

[0078] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0079] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration projects and its use method include a silt bin 1, a laying unit 2 is arranged outside the silt bin 1, a positioning and monitoring unit 3 is arranged at one end of the laying unit 2, a shearing unit 4 is arranged inside and outside the silt bin 1, and a vibration unit 5 is arranged on one outer wall of the silt bin 1;

[0080] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5It can be seen that the laying unit 2 includes: slide rails 21, with two in a group and symmetrically arranged on one side outside the silt bin 1; supports 22, slidably and snap-fitted on the outer wall of one end of the slide rails 21 close to the silt bin 1; a hammock 23, with one in number and snap-fitted between the two supports 22 at one end away from the slide rails 21; side grooves 24, opened at one end of the end face of the hammock 23 close to the silt bin 1; axle seats 25, with two in a group and symmetrically slidably and snap-fitted inside the side grooves 24;

[0081] a scale 26, snap-fitted on the hammock 23 close to one end of the side groove 24; an electronic needle 27, snap-fitted at the middle position of the end face of the axle seat 25 close to the scale 26; pedestals 28, with two in a group and symmetrically snap-fitted on the hammock 23 at the other end close to the silt bin 1; a hydraulic cylinder 29, inserted and installed at the middle position of the pedestal 28, and the end of the hydraulic cylinder 29 close to the silt bin 1 is snap-fitted and installed with the connection base 41;

[0082] It is hereby explained that as an external loading device for a ship, the position of this equipment has diversity and flexibility, which is convenient for operation, carrying and transportation;

[0083] The specific control process of the laying unit 2 for the positioning and monitoring unit 3 and the shearing unit 4:

[0084] First of all, under the control of the support 22, the hammock 23 synchronously drives the main bodies of the positioning and monitoring unit 3 and the shearing unit 4, and under the guiding and supporting action of the slide rails 21, it moves horizontally to the designated position (in the actual use process, the support 22 can be driven to move by an electric slider). Specifically, a rotary driving component can be added at the end of the hammock 23 away from the silt bin 1 to unlock multi-dimensional degrees of freedom and improve the convenience of dredging and the feasibility of operation;

[0085] Next, under the guiding action of the side groove 24, the axle seat 25 drives the main body of the positioning and monitoring unit 3 (two, and the distance between the two positioning and monitoring units 3 is certain, that is, the vertical distance between the two positioning and monitoring units 3 is equal to the internal length of the silt bin 1), and reciprocates to collect the differences between different mud layers in different regions (and in the specific implementation, multiple main bodies of this equipment can be arrayed for simultaneous operation to improve the monitoring accuracy and dredging efficiency);

[0086] Finally, under the control of the support 22 again through the hammock 23, the pedestal 28 drives the hydraulic cylinder 29 to move to the area of the aforementioned axle seat 25 (to ensure the positive relativity between the silt bin 1 and the monitoring areas of the aforementioned two positioning and monitoring units 3, which is conducive to ensuring the dredging accuracy), and then through the telescopic action of the hydraulic cylinder 29, the silt bin 1 is driven to move towards the river and lake bottom mud;

[0087] The recording process of the moving distance between the front and back of the positioning and monitoring unit 3 (two):

[0088] During the movement of the axle seat 25, the electronic needle 27 continuously interacts with the scale 26 (in specific implementation, the contact surfaces of the electronic needle 27 and the scale 26 are both equipped with corresponding sensing devices, and the PLC control system converts the forward and backward contact signals between the two into electrical signals, which are then displayed on an external computing and display device as a reference for external personnel to control the movement of the vessel);

[0089] Base 28, hydraulic cylinder 29: Under the stabilizing effect of base 28 (base 28 can reduce the difficulty of maintenance and overhaul of shear unit 4 by maintenance personnel in the later stage), hydraulic cylinder 29 drives shear unit 4 to move toward the river or lake, and completes the encirclement and segmentation of the local mud layer in the river or lake bottom mud.

[0090] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the positioning monitoring unit 3 includes: an electric telescopic rod 31, which is mounted on the middle position of the end of the shaft seat 25 away from the slide rail 21 through a mounting seat; a reaction cylinder 32, which is mounted on the end of the electric telescopic rod 31 close to the sludge bin 1; a hanging plate 33, which is mounted on the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 32 close to the end of the electric telescopic rod 31; a positive electrode 34, which is embedded and mounted on the axis of the end of the hanging plate 33 away from the electric telescopic rod 31;

[0091] The gas plug 35 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the end of the reaction tube 32 away from the hanging plate 33; the negative electrode sheet 36 is embedded and clamped on the axis of the end surface of the gas plug 35 close to the positive electrode sheet 34; the detection rod 37 is plugged and mounted on the axis of the end of the gas plug 35 away from the hanging plate 33; the telescopic spring 38 is sleeved and mounted on the outer wall of the detection rod 37, and the telescopic spring 38 is located between the gas plug 35 and the end of the reaction tube 32 away from the hanging plate 33; the induction ring 39 is embedded and clamped on the axis of the end of the detection rod 37 away from the reaction tube 32;

[0092] Reference Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that the outer wall of the reaction tube 32 is circumferentially distributed with connecting columns 311 that are snap-fitted and installed with the outer wall of the reaction tube 32. Three of the connecting columns 311 form a group. The connecting column 311 is snap-fitted with a key plate 312 at one end away from the axis of the reaction tube 32. The three key plates 312 are jointly snap-fitted with a sleeve 313 that is fitted with the outer wall of the reaction tube 32 at one end away from the connecting column 311. The sleeve 313 is circumferentially snap-fitted with the inner wall of one end of the electric telescopic rod 31 and is at least one. The telescopic gas rod 314 is snap-fitted with a ring knife 315 that is slidably installed with the inner wall of the sleeve 313 at one end away from the reaction tube 32, and the ring knife 315 is slidably installed with the detection rod 37.

[0093] The depth monitoring process of the sediment at the section to be dredged during the movement by the positioning and monitoring unit 3:

[0094] First, under the extension action of the electric telescopic rod 31, the reaction cylinder 32 synchronously drives the sleeve 313 to move towards the river and lake sediment layer (when the reaction cylinder 32 moves, the connecting column 311 and the key plate 312 are synchronously controlled to drive the sleeve 313 to move. Specifically, during implementation, a right-angle chamfering process is performed on the end of the sleeve 313 away from the electric telescopic rod 31 to reduce the contact area between the sleeve 313 and the contact surface, increase the pressure, and improve the shearing effect). Until the induction ring 39 contacts the sediment (the first layer or the silt layer), record the current time through an external display device;

[0095] The principle of the induction ring 39 and external feedback:

[0096] When an object contacts the induction ring 39, a pressure is applied to the induction ring 39; the induction ring 39 usually contains pressure-sensitive materials or components inside (for example: piezoelectric materials or strain gauges). Piezoelectric materials generate charges when subjected to pressure. Based on the piezoelectric effect, that is, some crystal materials will generate polarization phenomena under mechanical stress, thus generating a potential difference at both ends of them (a strain gauge is based on the resistance strain effect of the material. When the material is deformed under pressure, its resistance value will change).

[0097] Generation of feedback signals: For piezoelectric materials, the generated charges are collected and amplified through a circuit and converted into a voltage signal for output; for a strain gauge, its resistance change will cause a change in the current or voltage in the circuit where it is located. This change is detected by a measurement circuit and converted into a feedback signal;

[0098] Then, the external processing device analyzes and displays the aforementioned electrical signals;

[0099] Next, the electric telescopic rod 31 continues to control the movement of the reaction cylinder 32. During this process, the detection rod 37 penetrates the sediment (the first layer or the silt layer). At this time, the friction force between the detection rod 37 and the sediment (the first layer or the silt layer) is less than the sum of the friction force between the air plug 35 and the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 32 and the elastic potential energy of the telescopic spring 38 itself (or at this time, the telescopic spring 38 is compressed by a certain amount, but the positive electrode plate 34 and the negative electrode plate 36 have not reached the contact limit);

[0100] When the detection rod 37 penetrates through the bottom mud (the first layer or the silt layer) and enters the bottom mud (the middle layer), due to the different particle sizes of different mud layers, the frictional force between the detection rod 37 and the mud layer changes. Until the detection rod 37 is reversely pressed against the telescopic spring 38 under the reverse acting force of the mud layer, the positive electrode plate 34 comes into contact with the negative electrode plate 36, and the current time is recorded again. The product of the time difference before and after and the moving speed of the electric telescopic rod 31 is the depth of different mud layers (in specific implementation, samples of the mud layers of the river or lake to be dredged can be collected in advance through a sampling device, and through experiments, the elastic coefficient of the telescopic spring 38, the frictional force between the air plug 35 and the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 32, and the mutation boundary of the frictional force between the detection rod 37 and different mud layers can be determined. At the same time, the reaction time when the detection rod 37 first breaks through the mutation of the frictional force between different layers is considered: finally, the depth of different mud layers = (time difference before and after - reaction time when the detection rod 37 first breaks through the mutation of the frictional force between different layers) * speed of the electric telescopic rod 31);

[0101] Finally, when the detection rod 37 completes the detection and returns under the control of the electric telescopic rod 31, the ring knife 315 is pushed by the telescopic air rod 314 to scrape and clean the mud layer retention in the sleeve 313.

[0102] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 11 It can be known that the shearing unit 4 includes: a connecting seat 41, at least two, and symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer end face of the horizontal section of the silt bin 1; a cutting edge 42, penetratingly opened at the middle position of the vertical section on one side of the silt bin 1; a rubber seat 43, arranged outside the cutting edge 42 on one side, and the rubber seat 43 is clamped and installed with the outer wall of the vertical section of the silt bin 1; wall plates 44, a group of two, and symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of the vertical section on the other side of the silt layer; a telescopic movable column 45, clamped and installed at the axis of the two wall plates 44 in the same group; a leaf plate 46, clamped and installed at one end of the telescopic movable column 45 away from the silt bin 1;

[0103] A cutting knife 47, with a quantity of one, and clamped and installed between the two leaf plates 46, and the cutting knife 47 is slidably clamped and installed with the cutting edge 42; a cut 48, at least one, and opened at one end of the cutting knife 47 away from the leaf plate 46; a notch 49, at least one, and evenly opened at one end of the cutting knife 47 away from the leaf plate 46; in addition, the notch 49 is communicated with the cut 48;

[0104] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 8 and Figure 10It can be seen that the end face of the cutter 47 close to the docking seat 41 is fitted with an upward spray chamber 411, the end face of the upward spray chamber 411 away from the cutter 47 is fitted with a lifting plate 412, and the end face of the cutter 47 away from the lifting plate 412 is fitted with a downward spray chamber 413. The end of the cutter 47 close to the page plate 46 is embedded with an angle tube 414, at least one, and the angle tube 414 is connected to the upward spray chamber 411 and the downward spray chamber 413 respectively, so that the cutter 47 is away from the silt. A steel pipe 415 is mounted on the outer wall of one side of the bin 1, and the number is one. The steel pipe 415 is connected to the angle pipe 414. A hose 416 is mounted on the middle position of the outer wall of the steel pipe 415. A water pump 417 connected to the hose 416 is mounted on the outer wall of the sludge bin 1 near the connecting seat 41 through the mounting seat. A water valve 418 is symmetrically mounted on the outer wall of the sludge bin 1, and the water valve 418 is close to one end of the connecting seat 41. In addition, the water valve 418 belongs to the same end as the wall panel 44.

[0105] Reference Figure 2 、 Figure 8 and Figure 11 It can be seen that the sludge bin 1 is symmetrically provided with a cavity 421 in the vertical section near the side of the steel pipe 415, and the cavity 421 is connected to the blade 42, and the cavity 421 is symmetrically mounted with a panel 422, and the two panels 422 of the same group are slidably mounted with a spring rod 423, and the spring rod 423 is mounted with a double-sided shovel 424 at one end near the blade 42, and a sealing gasket 425 is provided on the side of the blade 42 near the middle position of the sludge bin 1, and the sealing gasket 425 is symmetrical with the sludge bin 1. The inner wall of the bin 1 is snap-fitted and installed, and the vertical section of the side of the sludge bin 1 away from the cutter 47 is symmetrically snap-fitted with a bracket 426. A hydraulic spring device is inserted and installed in the middle position of the horizontal section of the bracket 426. The two hydraulic spring devices are jointly installed with a single-sided shovel 428 that is distributed in contact with the outer wall of the sludge bin 1 through an ear seat at one end away from the docking seat 41. The outer wall of the vertical section of the end of the sludge bin 1 away from the cutter 47 is snap-fitted with a guide bar 429 that is slidably snap-fitted with the single-sided shovel 428. The number of guide bar 429 is at least one;

[0106] The end of the cutter 47 away from the page plate 46 is serrated, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutter head end of the cutter 47 is a right triangle. The cross-sectional generatrix of the incision 48 is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head 47. The vertical distance between the end surface of the lifting plate 412 away from the cutter 47 and the end surface of the downward spray chamber 413 away from the cutter 47 is equal to the width of the blade 42. The inclined surface of the end of the downward spray chamber 413 close to the cutter head of the cutter 47 is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head of the cutter 47 close to the downward spray chamber 413.

[0107] It is hereby explained that the downward position of the cutting knife 47 is determined by the average value of the monitoring areas of different mud layer depths by the aforementioned positioning and monitoring unit 3 (for example: if the depth of the silt layer measured by one positioning and monitoring unit 3 is 10 cm and the depth measured by another positioning and monitoring unit 3 is 12 cm, then the cutting knife 47 moves downward to 11 cm between the two measurers);

[0108] Cutting process of the shearing unit 4 between different mud layers:

[0109] First, under the control of the hydraulic cylinder 29, the connecting seat 41 synchronously drives the silt bin 1 to move towards the river-lake bottom mud until the silt bin 1 surrounds and divides the local mud layer in the specified area;

[0110] Then, under the supporting action of the wall plate 44, the telescopic movable column 45 pulls the cutting knife 47 into the silt bin 1 through the page plate 46 (in the initial state, the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 is tangent to the inner wall of the vertical section of the silt bin 1 close to the vibration unit 5);

[0111] While the cutting knife 47 is advancing, under the suction of the water pump 417, the hose 416 guides the external water body through the steel pipe 415 to the angle pipe 414, and then through the upward spray cavity 411 (in specific implementation, the end of the upward spray cavity 411 close to the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 is in contact with the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47, and the outlet section of the upward spray cavity 411 and the inclined surface of the lifting plate 412 close to the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 are both parallel to the inclined surface of the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47, so that the water body pressurized by the upward spray cavity 411 can flow along the inclined surface of the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 to the working surface of the cutting knife 47, providing fluid scouring kinetic energy to different mud layers and reducing the viscosity between different mud layers) and the downward spray cavity 413 (the inclined surface of the downward spray cavity 413 close to the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutting edge of the cutting knife 47 close to the downward spray cavity 413. Purpose: Refer to the setting between the upward spray cavity 411 and the lifting plate 412 mentioned above, that is, to ensure the positive direction of water body scouring) to the specified area;

[0112] The water body flowing out of the upward spray cavity 411 and the downward spray cavity 413, on the one hand, acts on the working surface of the cutting knife 47, reducing the adhesion between the cutting knife 47 and the mud layer and improving the shearing effect of the cutting knife 47; on the other hand, it can effectively reduce the "dragging mud and water" type of redundant accumulation degree between different mud layers;

[0113] Through the notch 48 and the slot 49 (reducing the contact area, increasing the contact pressure, increasing the shearing force, and achieving the complete cutting effect from "local" to "overall"), further supplementary shearing is provided to the shearing area of the serrated cutting knife 47 (if the cutting knife 47 fails to achieve a "neat" division once, the notch 48 can achieve supplementary cutting), sharing the shearing pressure of the cutting knife 47, and at the same time, more effective shearing of different mud layers can be achieved;

[0114] Isolation scheme of the cutting knife 47 and the silt bin 1 for the cut mud layer:

[0115] It is hereby stated that in the initial state, the overlapping area of the bilateral shovel 424 near one end of the connection seat 41 and the cutting edge 42 is larger than the overlapping area of the bilateral shovel 424 near the other end far from the connection seat 41 and the cutting edge 42, and the two oppositely facing double-plate shovels do not conflict with each other;

[0116] When the cutter 47 moves, it first squeezes against the two bilateral shovels 424 (the cross-sectional shape of the bilateral shovel 424 is an isosceles trapezoid, so as to ensure that the bilateral shovel 424 can smoothly open the relatively closed cutting edge 42 when being squeezed by the cutter 47). At this time, the bilateral shovels 424 drive the spring rods 423 to move into the cavity 421 under the guiding action of the panel 422 respectively. After that, the cutting edge 42 (near the vibration unit 5) always contacts the outer wall of the lifting plate 412 or the downward spray cavity 413, that is, at this time the cutting edge 42 is in a relatively dynamically closed state with the outside;

[0117] The closing and opening process of the cutting edge 42 on the side far from the vibration unit 5 to the silt bin 1:

[0118] In the initial state, the single-sided shovel 428 closes the cutting edge 42 under the action of the elastic potential energy of the hydraulic spring device itself, so as to isolate the circulation between the silt bin 1 and the external environment. When the cutter 47 contacts the single-sided shovel 428, the hydraulic spring device controls the single-sided shovel 428 to move towards the connection seat 41 under the guiding action of the guide bar 429. During this process, the cutter 47 always contacts the single-sided shovel 428 until the lifting plate 412 and the downward spray cavity 413 at the end far from the vibration unit 5 contact the inner wall of the vertical section on the side far from the vibration unit 5 of the silt bin 1 (to prevent the cutting edge of the serrated cutter 47 from contacting the inner wall of the silt bin 1 and there is still a circulation channel between the cutting edge of the cutter 47 and the side far from the connection seat 41 of the silt bin 1, even if the cutting edge of the cutter 47 extends out of the silt bin 1);

[0119] The mixture of silt and fluid in the space of the silt bin 1 near the connection seat 41 side of the cutter 47 can finally be sucked to the external sedimentation and filtration device through an external suction device.

[0120] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 11 It can be known that the vibration unit 5 includes: an angle plate 51, which is clamped and installed on the outer wall of the vertical section on the side of the silt bin 1 near the cutter 47, and the angle plate 51 is located at the end of the silt bin 1 far from the connection seat 41; a ring pipe 52, which is inserted and installed at the middle position of the end of the angle plate 51 far from the silt bin 1; a double-headed center wheel 53, which is rotationally and cooperatively installed inside the ring pipe 52 near the end of the angle plate 51 through a rotating shaft; a gasket 54, which is clamped and installed on the inner wall of the end of the ring pipe 52 far from the angle plate 51; a spring telescopic column 55, which is slidably inserted and installed at the center of the gasket 54, and the spring telescopic column 55 is slidably and cooperatively installed with the ring pipe 52; a ball head 56, which is clamped and installed at the end of the spring telescopic column 55 far from the angle plate 51.

[0121] The auxiliary process of the vibration unit 5 on the cutting knife 47:

[0122] Through the high-frequency misaligned contact between the double-headed central wheel 53 and the spring telescopic column 55, the ball head 56 is urged to impact the cutting knife 47 at a high frequency. The cutting knife 47 generates kinetic energy during the vibration process. The particles between different mud layers gradually loosen under the scouring action of the kinetic energy, thereby reducing the adhesion between different mud layers and further improving the cutting accuracy of the cutting knife 47.

[0123] The working principle of the bottom mud ecological dredging device and its usage method for river and lake ecological restoration projects provided by the present invention is as follows: The first step: First, the electric telescopic rod 31 controls the reaction cylinder 32 to move away from the slide rail 21 until the induction ring 39 contacts the mud layer. After that, the electric telescopic rod 31 controls the detection rod 37 to continue moving downward until the detection rod 37 enters different mud layers. At this time, the friction between the detection rod 37 and the mud layer changes, the telescopic spring 38 is compressed, and the positive electrode piece contacts the negative electrode piece 36 to judge the depth between different mud layers in different regions.

[0124] The second step: Then, the hydraulic cylinder 29 controls the sludge bin 1 to move away from the slide rail 21 until the sludge bin 1 encloses the sludge in the river and lake locally. And at this time, the depth where the cutting knife 47 is located is based on the average value of the vertical depths between different mud layers in different regions detected by the aforementioned detection rod 37.

[0125] The third step: Finally, the telescopic movable column 45 pulls the cutting knife 47 towards the sludge bin 1. During this process, through the fluid impact between the upper spray chamber 411 and the lower spray chamber 413, the molecular structure between different mud layers on the working surface of the cutting knife 47 is destroyed, the molecular binding degree is reduced, the viscosity between different mud layers is broken, and the accuracy before and after the cutting of the cutting knife 47 is fully guaranteed.

[0126] The circuits and controls involved in the present invention are all prior arts and will not be elaborated here too much.

[0127] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration projects, including a silt bin (1), is characterized in that: An external laying unit (2) is provided outside the sludge bin (1). A positioning and monitoring unit (3) is provided at one end of the laying unit (2). A shearing unit (4) is jointly provided inside and outside the sludge bin (1). A vibration unit (5) is provided on one outer wall of the sludge bin (1). The shearing unit (4) includes: Connection seats (41), at least two, and symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer end face of the horizontal section of the sludge bin (1); Blade openings (42), penetratingly opened at the middle position of the vertical section on one side of the sludge bin (1); Rubber seats (43), provided outside one blade opening (42), and the rubber seats (43) are clamped and installed in cooperation with the outer wall of the vertical section of the sludge bin (1); Wall plates (44), two in a group, and symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of the other vertical section of the sludge layer; Telescopic movable columns (45), clamped and installed at the axis of the two wall plates (44) in the same group; Page plates (46), clamped and installed at the end of the telescopic movable column (45) away from the sludge bin (1); Cutting knives (47), one in number, and clamped and installed between the two page plates (46), and the cutting knives (47) are slidably clamped and installed in cooperation with the blade openings (42); Cutting openings (48), at least one, and opened at the end of the cutting knife (47) away from the page plate (46); Slot openings (49), at least one, and evenly opened at the end of the cutting knife (47) away from the page plate (46); in addition, the slot openings (49) communicate with the cutting openings (48).

2. The ecological dredging device for sediment in river and lake ecological restoration projects according to claim 1, wherein: On the end face of the cutting knife (47) close to the connection seat (41), an upward spray cavity (411) is adhesively clamped and installed. On the end face of the upward spray cavity (411) away from the cutting knife (47), a lifting plate (412) is clamped and installed. On the end face of the cutting knife (47) away from the lifting plate (412), a downward spray cavity (413) is clamped and installed. Inside the end of the cutting knife (47) close to the page plate (46), at least one corner pipe (414) is embedded and installed, and the corner pipes (414) communicate with the upward spray cavity (411) and the downward spray cavity (413) respectively. On the outer wall of the cutting knife (47) away from the sludge bin (1), a steel pipe (415) is clamped and installed, one in number, and the steel pipe (415) is connected to the corner pipe (414). In the middle position of the outer wall of the steel pipe (415), a hose (416) is clamped and installed. A water pump (417) communicated with the hose (416) is clamped and installed on the outer wall of the sludge bin (1) close to the connection seat (41) through a mounting seat. Water valves (418) are symmetrically inserted and installed on the outer wall of the sludge bin (1), and at the end of the water valves (418) close to the connection seat (41). In addition, the water valves (418) and the wall plates (44) belong to the same end.

3. The ecological dredging device for river and lake sediment for ecological restoration project according to claim 2, characterized in that: On the inner side of the vertical section of the sludge bin (1) close to the steel pipe (415), cavities (421) are symmetrically arranged, and the cavities (421) communicate with the cutting edges (42). Inside the cavities (421), panels (422) are symmetrically clamped and installed. Between the two panels (422) in the same group, a spring rod (423) is jointly installed in a sliding and clamping fit. At one end of the spring rod (423) close to the cutting edge (42), a double-sided shovel (424) is clamped and installed. On one side of the cutting edge (42) close to the middle position of the sludge bin (1), a sealing gasket (425) is provided, and the sealing gasket (425) is clamped and installed in cooperation with the inner wall of the sludge bin (1). On the vertical section of the sludge bin (1) far from the cutting knife (47), brackets (426) are symmetrically clamped and installed. At the middle position of the horizontal section of the brackets (426), a hydraulic spring device (427) is inserted and installed. One end of the two hydraulic spring devices (427) far from the connecting seat (41) is jointly installed with a single-sided shovel (428) that is distributed in contact with the outer wall of the sludge bin (1) through an ear seat. On the outer wall of the vertical section at one end of the sludge bin (1) far from the cutting knife (47), guide bars (429) are clamped and installed in a sliding and clamping fit with the single-sided shovel (428). The number of the guide bars (429) is at least one.

4. The ecological dredging device for river and lake sediment for ecological restoration project according to claim 3, characterized in that: The laying unit (2) includes: Sliding rails (21), a group of two, symmetrically arranged on one side outside the sludge bin (1); Supports (22), slidingly clamped and installed on the outer wall of one end of the sliding rail (21) close to the sludge bin (1); A hammock (23), with a quantity of one, clamped and installed at one end of the two supports (22) far from the sliding rail (21); Side grooves (24), opened at one end of the end face of the hammock (23) close to the sludge bin (1); Axle seats (25), a group of two, symmetrically slidingly clamped and installed inside the side grooves (24); A scale (26), clamped and installed at one end of the hammock (23) close to the side groove (24); An electronic needle (27), clamped and installed at the middle position of the end face of the axle seat (25) close to the scale (26); Bases (28), two in one group, symmetrically clamped and installed at the other end of the hammock (23) close to the sludge bin (1); A hydraulic cylinder (29), inserted and installed at the middle position of the base (28), and the end of the hydraulic cylinder (29) close to the sludge bin (1) is clamped and installed in cooperation with the connecting seat (41).

5. The ecological dredging device for sediment in river and lake ecological restoration projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning and monitoring unit (3) includes: An electric telescopic rod (31), clamped and installed at the middle position of one end of the axle seat (25) far from the sliding rail (21) through a mounting seat; A reaction cylinder (32), clamped and installed at one end of the electric telescopic rod (31) close to the sludge bin (1); A hanging plate (33), clamped and installed on the inner wall of one end of the reaction cylinder (32) close to the electric telescopic rod (31); A positive electrode plate (34), embedded and clamped at the center of the end of the hanging plate (33) far from the electric telescopic rod (31); An air plug (35), slidingly installed on the inner wall of one end of the reaction cylinder (32) far from the hanging plate (33); A negative electrode plate (36), embedded and clamped at the center of the end face of the air plug (35) close to the positive electrode plate (34); The detection rod (37) is inserted and installed at the axis center of the end of the air plug (35) far from the suspension tray (33); The telescopic spring (38) is sleeved and installed on the outer wall of the detection rod (37), and the telescopic spring (38) is located between the air plug (35) and the end of the reaction cylinder (32) far from the suspension tray (33). The induction ring (39) is embedded and clamped at the axis center of the end of the detection rod (37) far from the reaction cylinder (32).

6. The ecological dredging device for river and lake sediment in the ecological restoration project of rivers and lakes according to claim 5, characterized in that: On the outer wall of the reaction cylinder (32), connecting columns (311) that are circumferentially distributed and are clamped and fitted with the outer wall of the reaction cylinder (32) are installed. Three of the connecting columns (311) form a group. A key plate (312) is clamped at the end of the connecting column (311) far from the axis center of the reaction cylinder (32). A sleeve (313) that is attached to the outer wall of the reaction cylinder (32) is jointly clamped at the end of the three key plates (312) far from the connecting column (311). At least one telescopic air rod (314) is circumferentially clamped on the inner wall of the sleeve (313) near one end of the electric telescopic rod (31). The end of the telescopic air rod (314) far from the reaction cylinder (32) is clamped with a ring cutter (315) that is slidably fitted with the inner wall of the sleeve (313), and the ring cutter (315) is slidably fitted with the detection rod (37).

7. The ecological dredging device for river and lake sediment in the ecological restoration project of rivers and lakes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the cutter (47) far from the page plate (46) is serrated, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutter head end of the cutter (47) is a right triangle. The generatrix of the cross-section of the cut (48) is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head of the cutter (47). The vertical distance between the end face of the lifting plate (412) far from the cutter (47) and the end face of the downward spray cavity (413) far from the cutter (47) is equal to the width of the cutting edge (42). The inclined surface of the downward spray cavity (413) near the cutter head of the cutter (47) is parallel to the inclined surface of the cutter head of the cutter (47) near the downward spray cavity (413).

8. The sediment ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration project according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vibration unit (5) includes: The angle plate (51) is clamped on the outer wall of the vertical section of the silt bin (1) near the cutter (47), and the angle plate (51) is located at the end of the silt bin (1) far from the connection seat (41); The annular pipe (52) is inserted and installed at the middle position of the end of the angle plate (51) far from the silt bin (1); The double-headed center wheel (53) is rotatably fitted through a rotating shaft inside the annular pipe (52) near the end of the angle plate (51); The gasket (54) is clamped on the inner wall of the annular pipe (52) at the end far from the angle plate (51); The spring telescopic column (55) is slidably inserted at the axis center of the gasket (54), and the spring telescopic column (55) is slidably fitted with the annular pipe (52); The ball head (56) is clamped at the end of the spring telescopic column (55) far from the angle plate (51).

9. Method for removing silt in river bottom mud, which is carried out by using the bottom mud ecological dredging device for river and lake ecological restoration project described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1: First, control the reaction cylinder (32) to move away from the slide rail (21) through the electric telescopic rod (31) until the induction ring (39) contacts the mud layer. After that, the electric telescopic rod (31) controls the detection rod (37) to continue descending until the detection rod (37) enters different mud layers. At this time, the friction force between the detection rod (37) and the mud layer changes, the telescopic spring (38) is compressed, and the positive electrode plate contacts the negative electrode plate (36) to judge the depth between different mud layers in different regions. S2: Then, control the sludge bin (1) to move away from the slide rail (21) through the hydraulic cylinder (29) until the sludge bin (1) locally encloses the sludge in the river or lake. And at this time, the depth where the cutter (47) is located is based on the average value of the vertical depth between different mud layers in different regions detected by the aforementioned detection rod (37). S3: Finally, pull the cutter (47) towards the sludge bin (1) through the telescopic movable column (45). During this process, through the fluid impact between the upward spray cavity (411) and the downward spray cavity (413), the molecular structure between different mud layers on the working surface of the cutter (47) is destroyed, the molecular binding degree is reduced, the viscosity between different mud layers is broken, and the accuracy of the cutter (47) before and after shearing is fully guaranteed.

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