Filling mining method for non-explosive continuous stoping of gently inclined parallel medium-thickness ore body group

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling mining method for non-explosive continuous stoping of a gently inclined parallel medium-thickness ore body group. The method comprises the following steps that S1, an ore body group is divided into a plurality of middle sections, sections are divided in the middle sections, and the sections are divided into a plurality of layers; a strip mining mode is adopted in the layer; arranging a middle-section haulage roadway, a mining area slope ramp and a transverse drift roadway which are communicated with one another; s2, excavation and arrangement of accurate mining engineering are conducted, specifically, main accurate mining engineering comprises a transverse drift, a transportation gate road, an air return gate road, a section air return uphill, an air return transverse drift and a section transfer belt roadway; s3, stoping and filling are carried out; the middle section is subjected to overall upward stoping, the layers are subjected to stoping from bottom to top, cemented filling is conducted after stoping of each strip is completed, and after filling of all the strips in the inclined layer is completed, stoping of the next layer continues to be conducted; according to the method, a gently inclined parallel medium-thickness ore body group is considered in a unified manner and is divided into a middle section and a section, an upper layer of ore and a lower layer of ore are linked together through mining and cutting projects such as a transverse drift roadway, a crossheading and an uphill, and simultaneous mining of multiple layers of ore on the whole is achieved; and meanwhile, the mining preparation system of each layer of ore is relatively independent, so that respective mining and respective transportation of the ore body are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, and particularly to a filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups. Background Art

[0002] The phosphate deposit type in a certain area of our country belongs to the phosphorite deposit formed by marine source colloid chemical aggregation - in-basin particle redeposition. The deposit is large in scale, and there are two ore layers (upper ore layer and lower ore layer) occurring in the area, which are gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies with good continuity. The upper ore layer is calcium-magnesium phosphate rock ore, suitable for manufacturing ordinary phosphate fertilizers or phosphoric acid, and the lower ore layer is silicon-calcium phosphate rock ore, suitable for manufacturing high-value yellow phosphorus. Separate mining and transportation are required during mining. There is an interlayer with an average thickness of 4m between the two ore layers. The roof of the ore body is water-filled, and there is a river flowing through the mining area on the surface. The stability of the roof of the ore body, the ore body and the interlayer is poor. Therefore, the difficulties in mining this ore are as follows: ① The ore body is a gently inclined medium-thick difficult-to-mine ore body; ② The roof of the ore body is a water-filled aquifer, and the hydrogeological conditions are relatively complex; ③ The stability of the ore body and the roof is poor, and the joints and fissures are developed; ④ Two closely spaced ore layers are mined simultaneously, and the ores of the two layers need to be mined and transported separately.

[0003] According to the mining technical conditions of this phosphate ore, since the roof of the ore body is water-filled and there is a river flowing through the mining area, the caving method cannot be used for mining. And due to the poor stability of the roof of the ore body, the ore body and the interlayer, the open stoping method is not suitable for mining. Therefore, restricted by the mining technical conditions, only the filling method can be used for mining. Currently, for such mines, the relatively mature upward drift filling method is mainly adopted. However, this method has the disadvantages of low production efficiency, high production cost, poor ventilation effect, small production capacity and high technical requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to meet the requirements of safe, efficient, non-explosive large-scale continuous mining, low cost, high efficiency, multi-layer simultaneous mining, separate mining and transportation under the conditions of complex hydrogeology and unstable ore and rock, the present application provides a filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups.

[0005] The present application provides a filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups, and adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Divide the orebody group into multiple levels, divide multiple sections within each level, and divide multiple slices within each section; adopt the strip mining method within each slice; arrange the level transportation drift, the mining area ramp and the cross-cut roadway that are interconnected;

[0008] S2. Develop the drift and stope engineering. Drive cross-cuts from the ramp to the ore body at the elevations of adjacent sections. Drive the haulage airway and multiple return airways along the strike to the ends of both wings of the section at the sublevel stoping position. Among them, drive the return airways at the top of the upper section and the bottom of the lower section, and drive the haulage airway at the adjacent position between the upper and lower sections.

[0009] At the ends of each ore layer's haulage airway and return airway, they are connected by the sectional return air raise. At the ends of each return airway, they are connected by the return air cross-cut. At the same time, drive the sectional transfer belt roadway from the belt raise respectively to connect it with the haulage airway.

[0010] S3. Stoping and filling; The overall upward stoping method is adopted in the middle section. Two sections are stoped simultaneously at one time. The ore body in the section is stoped by inclined slicing along the dip. The upper ore layer and the lower ore layer are stoped with staggered wings simultaneously. The slicing is carried out from bottom to top. The sublevel stoping method is adopted within the slice. After each strip is stoped, cemented filling is carried out immediately. After all the strips in the inclined slice are filled, continue to start the stoping of the next slice.

[0011] Optionally, the height of the middle section is 100 - 300 m. There are 4 - 12 sections divided within the middle section. The inclined length of the section is 45 - 143 m, and the vertical height is 20 - 30 m.

[0012] Optionally, the ore body in the section is stoped by inclined slicing along the dip. The upper ore layer is divided into 1 - 3 slices, and the lower ore layer is divided into 1 - 4 slices. The slice height is 4.5 m - 5.5 m.

[0013] Optionally, the sublevel stoping method is adopted within the slice. The strip width is 4.5 - 5.0 m. The strip height is the slice height of 4.5 - 5.5 m. The strip length is 16 - 153 m, and the dip angle ≤ 9°.

[0014] Optionally, in the strip, a roadheader, a continuous miner or a continuous miner is used for ore drawing. The roadheader cuts a pilot drift from the end of the haulage airway and advances obliquely to the upper and lower return airways for ore drawing.

[0015] Optionally, when the roadheader is mining, the shuttle car follows for loading. After being fully loaded, the roadheader pauses ore drawing. The shuttle car transports the ore to the intersection of the strip and the haulage airway and loads the ore onto the crawler-mounted transfer crusher. Then the crawler-mounted transfer crusher transfers the ore onto the extensible belt in the haulage airway.

[0016] Optionally, the filling slurry is cemented filling with a concentration of 68% - 76%, and the ratio of phosphogypsum to tailings is 3:1 - 3:2.

[0017] Optionally, since the upper and lower two slices of the upper and lower ore layers share the same haulage airway and return airway, the floor or roof should be trimmed according to the actual situation when cutting the pilot drift of the strip.

[0018] Optionally, after the strip mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the end of the strip, and multiple flexible filter pipes are embedded. The outlet of the filter pipe is connected to a reducing joint, and the reducing joint is then connected to a plastic pipe. Then, the filter pipes are tied to the roof of the strip on the inner side of the retaining wall. Finally, concrete is sprayed on the outer side of the retaining wall and compacted. The filling pipe is connected from the return air filling rise and the return air heading to each strip. The filling pipe at the strip is arranged at the top of the retaining wall, passes through the retaining wall and reaches the end of the strip, and is filled from the lower end to the upper end of the strip.

[0019] Optionally, the heading is supported by steel arch frames, and the strip is not supported.

[0020] In summary, the present application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] The present invention comprehensively considers gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups, divides levels and sections, and connects the upper and lower ore layers together through development engineering such as cross-cut headings, headings, and rises, realizing simultaneous mining of multiple ore layers as a whole. At the same time, the development systems of each ore layer within the section are relatively independent, realizing separate mining and separate transportation of the ore bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Appendix Figure 1 is the front view of the lower ore layer of the present invention;

[0023] Appendix Figure 2 is the front view of the upper ore layer;

[0024] Appendix Figure 3 is Figure 2 the sectional view of Ⅲ-Ⅲ in the middle.

[0025] Description of the reference numerals:

[0026] 1, return air cross-cut; 2, protective ore pillar; 3, return air rise; 4, transfer belt roadway of ore layer a; 5, transfer belt roadway of ore layer b; 6, ore pass of ore layer a; 7, ore pass of ore layer b; 8, belt rise of ore layer a; 9, belt rise of ore layer b; 10, return air heading of ore layer a; 11, transportation heading of ore layer a; 12, return air heading of ore layer b; 13, transportation heading of ore layer b; 14, ore layer cross-cut; 15, roadheader; 16, shuttle car; 17, loading and crushing machine; 18, belt transportation roadway of ore layer a; 19, belt transportation roadway of ore layer b; 20, trackless transportation roadway;  21, return air roadway; 22, ramp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to the appendix Figures 1-3 for a better understanding.

[0028] The embodiment of the present application discloses a backfill mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups, which includes the following steps: S1. Divide the orebody group into multiple levels, divide multiple sections within each level, and divide multiple slices within each section; adopt a strip mining method within each slice; arrange interconnected level transportation headings, mining area ramps and cross headings;

[0029] Among them, the level height is 100 - 300m, 4 - 12 sections are divided within each level, the section dip length is 45 - 143m, and the vertical height is 20 - 30m; the orebody within the section is mined by slicing along the dip, the upper ore layer is divided into 1 - 3 slices, the lower ore layer is divided into 1 - 4 slices, and the slice height is 4.5m - 5.5m; the strip mining method is adopted within the slice, the strip width is 4.5 - 5.0m, the strip height is the slice height of 4.5 - 5.5m, the strip length is 16 - 153m, and the dip angle ≤ 9°

[0030] S2. Drive and arrange the development engineering, and the main development engineering includes cross headings, transportation gateways, return air gateways, section return air raises, return air cross headings, and section transfer belt headings;

[0031] Drive cross headings from the ramp to the orebody at the elevations of adjacent sections respectively, drive transportation gateways and multiple return air gateways along the strike at the slice mining positions to the ends of both wings of the section, where return air gateways are driven at the top of the upper section and the bottom of the lower section, and transportation gateways are driven at the adjacent positions of the upper and lower sections;

[0032] The transportation gateways and return air gateways of each ore layer are connected through section return air raises at the ends of the section, and the return air gateways are connected through return air cross headings at the ends of the section; at the same time, drive section transfer belt headings from the belt raise respectively to make them communicate with the transportation gateways;

[0033] S3. Mining and backfilling; the whole level is mined in an upward manner, and 2 sections are mined simultaneously at one time. The orebody within the section is mined by slicing along the dip, and the upper and lower ore layers are mined with staggered wings at the same time. The slices are mined from bottom to top. Since the upper and lower slices of the upper and lower ore layers share one transportation gateway and one return air gateway, the floor or roof should be cut according to the actual situation when opening the strip cut; the return air gateway and the transportation gateway are supported by steel arch frames, and the strips are not supported;

[0034] The strip mining method is adopted within the slice. In the strip, an extensible boom roadheader is used for ore drawing. The roadheader starts cutting from the end of the transportation gateway and advances obliquely to the upper and lower return air gateways for ore drawing; when the roadheader is mining, the shuttle car follows for loading. After being filled, the roadheader pauses ore drawing, and the shuttle car transports the ore to the intersection of the strip and the transportation gateway and loads the ore onto the crawler-mounted transfer crusher. Then the crawler-mounted transfer crusher transfers the ore onto the extensible belt in the transportation gateway;

[0035] After each strip is mined, cement filling is carried out. After all strips in the inclined layer are filled, the next layer is mined. The filling slurry is cemented and filled with a concentration of 68% to 76% and a ratio of phosphogypsum to tailings of 3:1 to 3:2.

[0036] After each strip is mined, a filling retaining wall is built at the end of the strip, and multiple soft water filter pipes are pre-buried. The water outlet of the water filter pipe is connected to a reducer, and the reducer is connected to a plastic pipe; then, the water filter pipe is tied to the top plate of the strip on the inside of the retaining wall; finally, concrete is sprayed on the outside of the retaining wall and compacted; the return air is filled up the mountain and the return air trough is connected to the filling pipe to each strip. The filling pipe at the strip is arranged at the top of the retaining wall, passes through the retaining wall to the end of the strip, and fills from the lower end of the strip to the upper end.

[0037] Take a phosphate mine in Guizhou as an example.

[0038] This phosphate deposit is located in a groundwater-rich zone at the dip of the dolomite anticline. The roof of the ore layer is the primary aquifer in the mining area. The surface Yangen River flows through the mining area from south to north, serving as the ore deposit mined beneath the water. The ore body is a gently dipping, medium-thick ore body, primarily occurring between 0 and 800 meters above sea level. The ore body consists of two layers. The upper layer, layer b, dips at 15.2° and has an average thickness of 9.13 meters. It is a calcium-magnesium phosphate rock ore suitable for producing conventional phosphate fertilizers or phosphoric acid. The lower layer, layer a, dips at 15.2° and has an average thickness of 16.95 meters. It is a siliceous-calcium phosphate rock ore suitable for producing high-value yellow phosphorus. Separate mining and transportation are essential. Between layers a and b lies an interlayer with an average thickness of 3.99 meters. The ore body roof, ore body and interlayer are mainly composed of fine-grained dolomite, which is hard, brittle and broken, and has poor stability; the ore body bottom plate is clayey sandstone, which has good stability.

[0039] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0040] 1) The middle section is 200m high and is divided into eight sections, each 95m long (25m vertical). Two adjacent sections are mined simultaneously. The ore body within each section is mined in layers along the dip direction. The B ore layer is divided into two layers, and the A ore layer is divided into three layers. The B ore (upper layer) is divided into two layers, each 4.5m high; the A ore (lower layer) is divided into three layers, each 5.5m high. Within each layer, strip mining is carried out in a pseudo-inclined arrangement, with strip widths of 4.5-5m and strip heights of 4.5-5.5m. Strip lengths range from 16 to 153m, with a dip angle of 9°.

[0041] 2) Drive 3 cross-cuts for orebody a and b from the stope ramp at two adjacent section levels respectively. Drive 1 haulage gateway and 2 return air gateways along the strike to the ends of both wings of the section at the designed sliced stoping positions of orebody a and b. Among them, drive the return air gateways at the top of the upper section and the bottom of the lower section, and drive the haulage gateway at the adjacent position between the upper and lower sections. The 3 gateways of each orebody are connected by the section return air raise at the end of the section. The return air gateway of orebody b is connected to the 400m - 600m return air filling raise. The return air gateways of orebody a and orebody b are connected by the a-b orebody return air cross-cut at the end of the section. Drive the section a orebody transfer belt roadway and the section b orebody transfer belt roadway from the a orebody belt raise and the b orebody belt raise respectively, and connect them to the a orebody haulage gateway and the b orebody haulage gateway.

[0042] 3) Use a roadheader to extract ore. The roadheader starts cutting from the end of the haulage gateway and advances obliquely to the return air gateways on both the upper and lower sides for ore extraction. Since one haulage gateway and one return air gateway are shared by the upper and lower slices of orebody b, and one haulage gateway and one return air gateway are shared by the middle and lower slices of orebody a. Therefore, when cutting the strip, the floor should be cut or the roof should be picked according to the actual situation.

[0043] 4) Use a shuttle car to extract ore. When the roadheader is mining, the shuttle car follows for loading. After being fully loaded, the roadheader pauses ore extraction, and the shuttle car transports the ore to the intersection of the strip and the haulage gateway and loads the ore onto the crawler-mounted transfer crusher. Then the crawler-mounted transfer crusher transfers the ore onto the extensible belt in the haulage gateway.

[0044] 5) The ore of orebody a and b in the section is respectively transported centrally through the extensible belt in the gateway, the belt in the transfer belt roadway, and the belt in the belt raise to the a and b orebody chutes in the stope for unloading. It is respectively loaded into the a and b orebody belts in the 400m level through the vibrating ore-discharging machine at the bottom of the stope chute. Then it is transported to the main ore chute at the main and auxiliary shaft yards through the a and b orebody belts in the 400m level.

[0045] 6) The ventilation route is: 400m trackless haulage roadway → a orebody belt raise, b orebody belt raise, ramp → a-b orebody cross-cut, section a orebody transfer belt roadway, section b orebody transfer belt roadway → haulage gateway → strip working face → section return air raise → a-b return air cross-cut, b orebody return air gateway → 400m - 600m return air raise → 600m return air roadway.

[0046] 7) The paste cemented filling with a concentration of 71% and a ratio of phosphogypsum to tailings of 3:1 to 3:2 is adopted. After each strip is mined, a filling retaining wall with a thickness of 600 mm is built at the end of the strip. Two soft permeable pipes (filter pipes) with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 5000 mm are embedded at the designed positions. The outlet of the filter pipe is connected to a reducing joint, and the reducing joint is then connected to a plastic pipe with a diameter of 63 mm. Then, inside the retaining wall, the filter pipe is straightened at an angle of 45° - 60° with the retaining wall, and the end is tied to the roof of the strip. Finally, concrete is sprayed on the outside of the retaining wall and compacted. The filling pipe is connected from the return air filling rise and the return air crossheading to each strip. The filling pipe at the strip is arranged at the top of the retaining wall, passes through the retaining wall to the end of the strip, and fills from the lower end to the upper end of the strip. The whole strip is filled at one time. After all the strips in the inclined slice are filled, the next slice mining continues.

[0047] 8) The crossheading is supported by steel arch frames, and the strip is not supported.

[0048] The present invention is an optimized improvement of the upward drift filling mining method based on the prior art, which can simultaneously mine parallel multi-layer ore veins and carry out separate mining and separate transportation. It has the characteristics of high mining safety, large production capacity, small dilution and loss, etc., and is particularly suitable for the mining of parallel ore bodies with poor stability of the ore body and roof, large production scale and the need for separate mining and separate transportation.

[0049] Specifically, the present invention comprehensively considers gently inclined parallel medium-thick ore body groups, divides levels and sections, and connects the upper and lower layers of ore through mining and cutting engineering such as crosscut headings, crossheadings and rises, so as to realize the simultaneous mining of multi-layer ore as a whole.

[0050] For realizing separate mining and separate transportation, crosscut headings, crossheadings and rises are respectively arranged in the upper and lower parallel ore layers, and belt headings are respectively arranged in the footwall. At the same time, the sequential mining order of multiple ore layers in the same section is controlled, so that the mining preparation systems of each layer of ore in the section are relatively independent, and the separate mining and separate transportation of the ore bodies are realized.

[0051] For realizing large production capacity, the ore bodies in the section are mined in inclined slices. The upper ore layer and the lower ore layer are mined with staggered wings at the same time, and multiple slices can operate simultaneously without interference. Trackless equipment such as roadheaders and shuttle cars is used for non-explosive continuous operation, with high automation and high efficiency.

[0052] For improving the safety in the mining process, through the analysis of the maximum allowable exposed area of the stope roof and the stability of the stope, the slice width is reduced to 4.5 - 5.5 m to ensure the safety of mining operations. At the same time, the tailings-phosphogypsum cemented filling is adopted to ensure the stability of the roof aquifer.

[0053] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A backfill mining method for non-explosive continuous extraction of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Divide the ore body group into multiple levels, divide multiple sections within each level, and divide multiple slices within each section; adopt the strip mining method within the slice; arrange the level transportation drift, the mining area ramp and the cross-cut roadway that are interconnected with each other; S2. Drive and arrange the development engineering. Drive the ore layer cross-cut from the ramp to the ore body at the elevation of adjacent sections respectively. Drive the transportation airway and multiple return airways along the strike to the ends of both wings of the section at the slice stoping position, where the return airways are driven at the top of the upper section and the bottom of the lower section, and the transportation airway is driven at the adjacent position between the upper and lower sections; The transportation airways and return airways of each ore layer are connected through the section return air rise at the end of the section, and the return airways are connected through the return air cross-cut at the end of the section; at the same time, drive the section transfer belt roadway from the belt rise respectively to make it communicate with the transportation airway; S3. Stoping and filling; The overall upward stoping of the level is carried out, and 2 sections are stoped simultaneously at one time. The ore body within the section is stoped by slicing along the dip. The upper ore layer and the lower ore layer are stoped with staggered wings at the same time; The slice is stoped from bottom to top. The strip mining method is adopted within the slice. After each strip is stoped, cemented filling is carried out immediately. After all the strips in the inclined slice are filled, continue to start the stoping of the next slice.

2. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous stoping of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 1, characterized in that: The level height is 100 - 300m, 4 - 12 sections are divided within the level, the inclined length of the section is 45 - 143m, and the vertical height is 20 - 30m.

3. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ore body within the section is stoped by slicing along the dip. The upper ore layer is divided into 1 - 3 slices, and the lower ore layer is divided into 1 - 4 slices. The slice height is 4.5m - 5.5m.

4. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strip mining method is adopted within the slice. The strip width is 4.5 - 5.0m, the strip height is the slice height of 4.5 - 5.5m, the strip length is 16 - 153m, and the dip angle ≤ 9°.

5. The backfilling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the strip, a roadheader, a continuous miner or a continuous mining machine is used for ore drawing. The roadheader cuts a pilot drift from the end of the transportation airway and advances obliquely towards the return airways on both the upper and lower sides for ore drawing.

6. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous stoping of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the roadheader is mining, the shuttle car follows for loading. After being filled, the roadheader pauses for ore drawing. The shuttle car transports the ore to the intersection of the strip and the transportation airway and loads the ore onto the crawler-mounted transfer crusher. Then, the crawler-mounted transfer crusher transfers the ore onto the extensible belt in the transportation airway.

7. The backfilling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filling slurry adopts the cemented filling of the slurry with a concentration of 68% - 76% and a ratio of phosphogypsum to tailings of 3:1 - 3:

2.

8. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 7, characterized in that: Since the upper and lower slices of the upper and lower ore layers share the same transportation airway and return airway, the floor or the roof should be cut according to the actual situation when cutting the pilot drift of the strip.

9. The backfilling mining method for non-explosive continuous stoping of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 8, characterized in that: After each strip is mined, build a filling retaining wall at the end of the strip, embed multiple soft filter pipes, connect the outlet of the filter pipe to a reducing joint, and then connect the reducing joint to a plastic pipe; then, bind the filter pipe to the roof of the strip on the inner side of the retaining wall; finally, spray concrete on the outer side of the retaining wall and compact it; Connect the filling pipe from the return air filling rise and the return airway to each strip. The filling pipe at the strip is arranged at the top of the retaining wall and passes through the retaining wall to the end of the strip, and fills from the lower end to the upper end of the strip.

10. The filling mining method for non-explosive continuous mining of gently inclined parallel medium-thick orebody groups according to claim 9, characterized in that: The return airway and the transportation airway are supported by steel arch frames, and the strip is not supported.

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