Buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of buckwheat hulling, and discloses a buckwheat grain dual-mode hulling experimental device which comprises an experimental box, a feeding part is arranged on the upper side wall of the experimental box, and a discharging part is arranged on the lower side wall of the experimental box; the closed type gas circulation system comprises an experiment box, a spiral material lifting gas inlet piece and at least three stirring gas supply pieces are coaxially arranged in the experiment box, the spiral material lifting gas inlet piece is located in the center of the experiment box, and the stirring gas supply pieces are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the spiral material lifting gas inlet piece. Particularly, more than 80% of moisture is recycled in a high-humidity mode, energy consumption is remarkably reduced, temperature and humidity stability is greatly improved, uniform softening or pre-shelling of buckwheat grains is ensured, uniform coverage of airflow from bottom to top is ensured due to the design of gradient blades and incremental air inlet holes of the spiral lifting air inlet part, and the device has the advantages of being high in practicability and accurate in temperature and humidity control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of buckwheat shelling, and specifically to a dual-mode buckwheat kernel shelling experimental device and an experimental method. Background Art

[0002] Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a nutritious cereal rich in protein, dietary fiber, and flavonoids. Its kernels are wrapped with a hard outer shell (pericarp and seed coat) covering the endosperm and germ. The outer shell has a dense structure (thickness 0.2 - 0.5 mm) and is rich in lignin and cellulose, resulting in significantly higher shelling difficulty than other cereals (such as wheat and rice). Research shows that the nutritional value retention rate of intact buckwheat kernels can reach 95%, while broken kernels caused by mechanical damage will lose more than 30% of the active ingredients. Therefore, the shelling process needs to strike a balance between high-efficiency shell breaking and low damage rate, which poses extremely high requirements for the precision of processing equipment.

[0003] Currently, buckwheat shelling mainly relies on physical and mechanical methods, which can be divided into two categories according to the action principle: Impact and rolling method: The kernels collide with a hard surface through a high-speed roller or centrifugal force to break the shell. The shelling rate can reach 60 - 80%, but the broken kernel rate is as high as 15 - 25%, and the energy consumption is relatively high (unit energy consumption 1.2 - 1.8 kWh / kg); Friction shelling method: Use a sand disk or rubber roller to apply shear force to the kernels and peel off the outer shell through friction. This method has a relatively low broken kernel rate (8 - 12%), but is sensitive to the moisture content of the kernels (needs to be controlled at 12 - 14%), and the shelling rate is only 50 - 65%.

[0004] To improve efficiency, some equipment introduces humid and heat pretreatment: Soak the outer shell with steam or hot water to soften it, and then combine with mechanical shelling. Although this method can reduce the broken kernel rate to less than 5%, there are problems such as a long processing cycle (30 - 60 minutes), high energy consumption (steam generation requires a pressure of 0.5 - 1.0 MPa), and unstable humidity control (deviation ±10%RH).

[0005] Although traditional shelling technologies have been applied industrially, there are still significant shortcomings in precise environmental control and multi-parameter collaborative optimization: Coarse regulation of temperature and humidity: Most equipment relies on manual experience to adjust the humid and heat treatment parameters, lacking a real-time feedback mechanism, resulting in uneven softening of the outer shell (moisture content deviation ≥5%), and serious temperature and humidity stratification in the pretreatment bin (the temperature difference between the top and bottom can reach 8 - 10°C), affecting the consistency of shelling; Contradiction between energy consumption and efficiency: Steam softening requires continuous heating, and the energy consumption accounts for more than 40% of the total processing cost, and the waste heat recovery rate is less than 20%. High-speed mechanical shelling generates a large amount of frictional heat (local temperature >60°C), which exacerbates the denaturation of kernel proteins and reduces the quality of the finished product. Therefore, it is necessary to design a dual-mode buckwheat kernel shelling experimental device and an experimental method with strong practicability and precise temperature and humidity control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for dual-mode hulling of buckwheat grains to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An experimental device for dual-mode hulling of buckwheat grains, including an experimental box, wherein a feeding member is provided on the upper side wall of the experimental box, and a discharging member is provided on the lower side wall; A spiral lifting air inlet member and at least three stirring air supply members are coaxially arranged in the experimental box. The spiral lifting air inlet member is located at the center of the experimental box, and the stirring air supply members are evenly distributed along the circumference of the spiral lifting air inlet member; The bottom of the spiral lifting air inlet member is connected to an external air source for injecting a hot air flow with controllable temperature or a wet air flow with controllable humidity into the experimental box; A circulating filter member is provided on the outer side wall of the experimental box. The air inlet end of the circulating filter member is connected to the top of the experimental box, and the air outlet end is connected to the air inlet of the stirring air supply member through a pipeline; A first driving member a for driving the spiral lifting air inlet member and a second driving member b for driving the stirring air supply member are provided at the upper end of the experimental box; At least three temperature sensors and at least three humidity sensors are provided on the inner wall of the experimental box, and the temperature sensors and humidity sensors are distributed in layers along the axial and radial directions of the experimental box.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the feeding member includes a feeding bin, a feeding pipe and a sealing cover arranged in a circumferential array. The feeding bin is communicated with the experimental box through the feeding pipe, and the sealing cover is detachably connected to the upper end of the feeding bin; The discharging member includes a discharging pipe and a control valve. The discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the experimental box, and the control valve is used to adjust the discharging flow rate.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the spiral lifting air inlet member includes a hollow central shaft and spiral blades. The bottom of the hollow central shaft is movably connected to an air inlet bin, and the air inlet bin is communicated with an external air source through an air inlet pipe; The spiral blades are arranged in a gradient structure with a wider bottom and a narrower top, and air inlet holes with an increasing density from bottom to top are provided on the spiral blades. The blade spacing of the spiral blades decreases from bottom to top, and the air inlet holes are communicated with the inside of the hollow central shaft through an air path; The first driving member includes a servo motor 1, and the output end of the servo motor 1 is fixedly connected to the hollow central shaft.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the stirring air supply member includes a stirring shaft and air supply rods. The air supply rods are linearly arranged in an array along the axial direction of the stirring shaft, and are communicated with the circulating filter member through a circulating bin. The circulating bin is communicated with the air inlet bin through uniformly distributed conveying pipes; A multi - stage composite nozzle is provided on the air - supply rod. The multi - stage composite nozzle integrates a main air hole and a micro - pore atomization ring nested around the main air hole, and the air - path channel is switched by a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is arranged at the bottom of the stirring shaft and is used to control the air - path switching between the main air hole and the micro - pore atomization ring.

[0011] According to the above - mentioned technical solution, the second driving member includes a servo motor II, a belt pulley, a belt, and a wrap - angle increasing wheel. The servo motor II drives multiple stirring shafts to rotate synchronously through the belt, and the wrap - angle increasing wheel is used to increase the contact wrap - angle between the belt and the belt pulley.

[0012] According to the above - mentioned technical solution, the circulating and filtering member includes a gas circulation component and a purification and filtering component. The gas circulation component is used to extract the gas at the top of the experimental chamber and transport it to the stirring and air - supply member, and the purification and filtering component is used to filter the impurities in the air flow.

[0013] According to the above - mentioned technical solution, the gas circulation component includes a circulation pump, a connecting pipe I, and a connecting pipe II. The circulation pump is communicated with the air inlet of the stirring and air - supply member through the connecting pipe I and is communicated with the top of the experimental chamber through the connecting pipe II to form a closed - type gas circulation path.

[0014] According to the above - mentioned technical solution, the purification and filtering component includes a filtering box, a pull - out bucket, a filter plate, a pressure sensor, and an exhaust port. The pull - out bucket is detachably installed in the filtering box. The filter plate is fixed inside the pull - out bucket through a limiting plate and is used to intercept the dust impurities in the air flow. The pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the experimental chamber and is used to monitor the air pressure change in the experimental chamber to ensure the stable air - flow circulation. The exhaust port is arranged at the lower end of the filtering box and is used to release the excessive pressure in the experimental chamber to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0015] According to the above - mentioned technical solution, the aperture of the main air hole of the multi - stage composite nozzle is 3 - 5 mm, the aperture of the micro - pores of the micro - pore atomization ring is 0.5 - 1 mm, and the surface of the micro - pore atomization ring is provided with a hydrophobic coating.

[0016] The dual - mode dehulling experiment method for buckwheat grains includes the following steps: S1. Select the working mode: Mode 1. Moisture - regulation mode: S11. Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental chamber through the feeding member. S12. Input a humid air flow with controllable humidity from an external air source into the spiral lifting air - intake member. The humidity range is controlled at 60% - 80%, and the temperature is controlled at 30 - 40 °C. S13. Drive the spiral lifting air - intake member and the stirring and air - supply member to operate at a low speed respectively through the first driving member and the second driving member. The rotation speed of the spiral lifting air - intake member ≤ 20 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring and air - supply member ≤ 30 RPM. S14, Circulate the gas at a low rate through the circulating filter to avoid over-drying; S15, Monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity inside the experimental chamber in real time through temperature sensors and humidity sensors; S16, After reaching the preset moisture content, set the moisture content to 12%-15%, and convey the processed buckwheat to the subsequent shelling equipment through the discharging component.

[0017] Mode II: Moisture adjustment + pre-shelling mode: S11, Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental chamber through the feeding component; S12, Input warm and humid air flow into the spiral lifting air inlet component through an external air source, control the temperature at 40-60°C, and control the humidity at 50%-70%; S13, Drive the spiral lifting air inlet component and the stirring air supply component to operate at medium and high speeds respectively through the first driving component and the second driving component. The rotation speed of the spiral lifting air inlet component is 30-50 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring air supply component is 40-60 RPM; S14, Activate the micro-hole atomization ring and the main air hole of the multi-stage composite nozzle, switch the gas path through the solenoid valve, and realize the synergistic effect of wet gas atomization and hot gas injection; S15, Enhance dust filtration through the circulating filter and maintain the gas circulation rate; S15, Detect the pre-shelling degree through image recognition or near-infrared spectroscopy, and set the target shelling rate at 30%-40%; S2, Connect to the subsequent shelling equipment: S21, The discharging component directly connects the processed buckwheat to the formal shelling equipment through the grading conveying system, ensuring seamless connection between the pretreatment and shelling processes. During the experiment, no formal shelling operation is involved, and only pretreatment is achieved through mechanical friction and gas action.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: (1) Precise environmental control: The closed gas circulation system reduces external gas exchange, maintains the temperature and humidity fluctuations inside the experimental chamber. Especially in the high-humidity mode, more than 80% of the wet gas is recovered, significantly reducing energy consumption, greatly improving the temperature and humidity stability, ensuring uniform softening or pre-shelling of buckwheat grains. The gradient blades and progressive air inlet holes design of the spiral lifting air inlet component ensure uniform coverage of the air flow from the bottom to the top, avoiding local over-wetting or overheating, and ensuring uniform air flow distribution; (2) Flexibility of dual working modes: In Mode I (moisture adjustment), fine mist is released through the micro-hole atomization ring to precisely control the moisture content of the grains, soften the outer shell, and reduce the subsequent shelling breakage rate; in Mode II (pre-shelling), high-speed air flow is ejected from the main air hole and cooperates with the high-speed rotation of the stirring air supply component to achieve the pre-shelling rate and reduce the energy consumption of formal shelling; (3) High-efficiency air machine synergy (airflow impact and mechanical friction): The centrifugal force of the stirring shaft causes the grains to collide violently, and the main air hole airflow impacts the shell. The two work together to accelerate pre-shelling, avoid excessive fragmentation, and significantly shorten the subsequent formal shelling time. (4) Intelligent monitoring and adaptive adjustment: Axially / radially distributed temperature sensors and humidity sensors collect data in real time, and the PLC controller dynamically adjusts parameters such as air flow rate and stirring speed to ensure optimal environmental parameters. Image recognition or near-infrared spectroscopy analysis can be optionally configured at the discharge end to provide real-time feedback on the shelling rate and moisture distribution, and optimize the experimental parameters. (5) Modular design and ease of maintenance: Modular designs such as the feed bin, pull-out filter box, and multi-stage composite nozzle 5 facilitate the quick replacement of filter materials, cleaning of blockages, or upgrading of components. The hydrophobic coating and multi-stage filter plates (primary + medium + activated carbon) effectively intercept dust and reduce the maintenance frequency. Description of the Drawings

[0019] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 is the first three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is the third three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is the first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 is the second partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 is the third partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 is the fourth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 is the fifth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 9 is the sixth partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 10 is the seventh partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 11 is the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A in; In the figure: 1 - experimental chamber, 2 - feeding component, 201 - feeding bin, 202 - feeding pipe, 203 - sealing cover, 3 - discharging component, 301 - discharging pipe, 302 - control valve, 4 - spiral lifting air intake component, 401 - hollow central shaft, 402 - spiral blade, 403 - air intake hole, 404 - air inlet pipe, 405 - servo motor 1, 406 - air intake chamber, 5 - stirring air supply component, 501 - stirring shaft, 502 - circulation bin, 503 - air supply rod, 504 - solenoid valve, 505 - multi-stage composite nozzle, 5051 - main air hole, 5052 - micro-hole atomizing ring, 506 - conveying pipe, 6 - circulation filtering component, 601 - gas circulation module, 6011 - circulation pump, 6012 - connecting pipe 1, 6013 - connecting pipe 2, 602 - purification filtering module, 6021 - filtering box, 6022 - pull-out bucket, 6023 - filter plate, 6024 - pressure sensor, 6025 - exhaust port, 6026 - limiting plate, 7a - first driving component, 7b - second driving component, 701 - servo motor 2, 702 - pulley, 703 - belt, 704 - surface area increasing wheel, 8 - temperature sensor, 9 - humidity sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figures 1-11 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat grains, including an experimental chamber 1, The upper side wall of the experimental chamber 1 is provided with a feeding component 2, and the lower side wall is provided with a discharging component 3; A spiral lifting air intake component 4 and at least three stirring air supply components 5 are coaxially arranged in the experimental chamber 1. The spiral lifting air intake component 4 is located at the center of the experimental chamber 1, and the stirring air supply components 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spiral lifting air intake component 4; The bottom of the spiral lifting air intake component 4 is connected to an external air source for injecting a hot air flow with controllable temperature or a wet air flow with controllable humidity into the experimental chamber 1; The outer side wall of the experimental chamber 1 is provided with a circulation filtering component 6. The air intake end of the circulation filtering component 6 is connected to the top of the experimental chamber 1, and the air outlet end is connected to the air inlet of the stirring air supply component 5 through a pipeline; The upper end of the experimental chamber 1 is provided with a first driving component 7a for driving the spiral lifting air intake component 4 and a second driving component 7b for driving the stirring air supply component 5; The inner wall of the experimental chamber 1 is provided with at least three temperature sensors 8 and at least three humidity sensors 9, and the temperature sensors 8 and humidity sensors 9 are distributed in layers along the axial and radial directions of the experimental chamber 1; This device takes the experimental chamber 1 as the core and integrates a feeding and discharging system (feeding part 2 and discharging part 3) for controlling the input and output of buckwheat grains. The discharging part is connected to an external formal shelling device; an environmental control module (spiral lifting air inlet part 4, external air source, circulation filtering part 6, temperature sensor 8, humidity sensor 9), which adjusts the temperature and humidity through air flow to maintain the stability of the environmental parameters in the experimental chamber and provides controllable conditions for buckwheat pretreatment; a mechanical treatment module (stirring air supply part 5, second driving part 7b), which applies mechanical forces (such as friction and collision) to buckwheat grains through rotary stirring and air flow assistance to achieve pre-shelling; a power and driving system (first driving part 7a, second driving part 7b) that provides power and controls the rotation or pushing speed of key components; a monitoring and feedback system (temperature sensor 8, humidity sensor 9, externally independently set PLC controller). The sensors distributed in layers record the temperature and humidity gradients at different axial / radial positions, analyze the air flow uniformity, monitor the environmental parameters in real time, and feedback data to optimize the control strategy. At the discharging end of the experimental chamber 1, image recognition or near-infrared spectroscopy is selectively configured to detect the degree of pre-shelling, which are all common technical means in the prior art and can be appropriately selected according to requirements. If detailed appearance analysis and real-time feedback are required for the experiment, image recognition is the first choice. If rapid and non-destructive chemical composition analysis is needed, near-infrared spectroscopy detection is more suitable; This device has a dual operation mode. Mode 1 (only moisture adjustment) evenly adjusts the moisture of buckwheat grains through hot and humid air flow to soften the outer shell and reduce the subsequent shelling breakage rate. Mode 2 (moisture adjustment + pre-shelling) preliminarily destroys the buckwheat shell structure (pre-shelling) through high-speed stirring and high-pressure air flow impact on the basis of moisture adjustment. This device can not only optimize the pretreatment conditions of buckwheat grains but also evaluate the loosening effect of buckwheat shells under different temperature and humidity combinations and stirring intensities, providing a basis for further adjusting the formal shelling process parameters. It can flexibly switch the air flow type (wet / hot), adjust the rotation speed, and control the residence time to adapt to different experimental requirements. At the same time, the pre-shelling step can reduce the energy consumption and equipment wear required in the formal shelling stage, extend the service life of the machine, and both working modes can be seamlessly connected to the subsequent formal shelling device, making the entire buckwheat processing process more scientific and reasonable, improving the resource utilization rate and product quality. In addition, the design concept of this device also provides a useful reference for the processing of other similar agricultural products; Specifically, the feeding part 2 includes a feeding bin 201 arranged in a circumferential array, a feeding pipe 202, and a sealing cover 203. The feeding bin 201 is communicated with the experimental chamber 1 through the feeding pipe 202, and the sealing cover 203 is detachably connected to the upper end of the feeding bin 201; The discharging member 3 includes a discharging pipe 301 and a control valve 302. The discharging pipe 301 is provided at the bottom of the experimental chamber 1, and the control valve 302 is used to adjust the discharging flow rate. The feed bins 201 are arranged in a circumferential array and evenly distributed around the top of the experimental chamber 1 to ensure that the buckwheat grains can enter the experimental chamber 1 evenly, avoiding local accumulation or uneven distribution. Uniform feeding helps to improve the uniformity of subsequent processing and the pretreatment effect. The feed bins 201 are connected to the experimental chamber 1 through the feed pipes 202 to ensure that the grains can smoothly enter the interior of the experimental chamber 1. The discharging pipe 301 is provided at the bottom of the experimental chamber 1 and is responsible for discharging the processed buckwheat grains. The control valve 302 adjusts the discharging flow rate to control the residence time of the grains in the experimental chamber 1 to achieve the best pretreatment effect. Specifically, the spiral lifting and air intake member 4 includes a hollow central shaft 401 and spiral blades 402. The bottom of the hollow central shaft 401 is movably connected to an air intake chamber 406, and the air intake chamber 406 is connected to an external air source through an air inlet pipe 404. The spiral blades 402 are arranged in a gradient structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, and air intake holes 403 with increasing density from bottom to top are provided on the spiral blades 402. The blade spacing of the spiral blades 402 decreases from bottom to top, and the air intake holes 403 are connected to the interior of the hollow central shaft 401 through an air passage. The first driving member 7a includes a servo motor 405. The output end of the servo motor 405 is fixedly connected to the hollow central shaft 401. The hollow central shaft 401 is designed to be hollow. Its bottom is connected to the air inlet chamber 406, and its top extends to the top of the experimental chamber 1. As an air flow channel and power transmission shaft, it guides the air flow from the external air source into the experimental chamber 1 and transmits the rotational power of the first servo motor 405. The spiral blades 402 are set in a gradient structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. The wide blades at the bottom provide greater thrust to prevent buckwheat grains from accumulating at the bottom of the experimental chamber 1, especially during the startup phase or when dealing with highly viscous materials (such as after high humidity treatment). The narrow blades at the top reduce the blockage of the rising air flow, avoiding air flow obstruction caused by overly wide blades and ensuring the uniformity of the air flow in the top area. The blade spacing of the spiral blades 402 decreases from bottom to top. As the height increases, the blade spacing decreases, which can enhance the binding force on the material, making the grains adhere more closely to the spiral blades 402 as they rise and reducing the falling of the material caused by air flow or vibration. The spiral blades 402 are provided with air inlet holes 403 with an increasing density from bottom to top. The density of the air inlet holes 403 in the bottom area is relatively low to avoid the grains being blown away or accumulating due to overly strong air flow at the bottom. The density of the air inlet holes 403 in the middle and upper areas increases to ensure continuous replenishment of the air flow during the rising process and maintain the stability of the temperature and humidity at the top of the experimental chamber 1 (especially preventing humidity stratification in the moisture adjustment mode). Each air inlet hole 403 is connected to the central shaft 401 through the air guiding channel inside the blade, forming an air flow path of "central shaft - blade - air inlet hole" to ensure the uniform distribution of the air flow from the bottom to the top. The air inlet chamber 406 serves as an air flow buffer chamber to balance the instantaneous pressure fluctuations of the external air source and prevent the spiral blades from rotating unstably due to air flow impact. To achieve the precise switching or mixing of hot air flow and wet air flow, a valve control system can be set in the air inlet pipeline, and a three-way valve can be selected. The first air source can be set as a hot air generator (providing hot air flow with a controllable temperature in the range of 30 - 80 °C), and the second air source: a steam generator or an ultrasonic humidifier (providing wet air flow with a controllable humidity in the range of 10 - 95%RH). The hot air flow or the wet air flow can be switched to be input separately through the three-way valve. Moisture adjustment mode: The first servo motor 405 operates at a low speed (such as 10 - 20 RPM), slowly lifting the material to extend the air flow contact time and ensure uniform moisture absorption. Pre-shelling mode: The first servo motor 405 operates at a medium speed (such as 30 - 50 RPM), cooperating with the mechanical action of the stirring and air supply member 5 to accelerate the material circulation; Specifically, the stirring and air supply member 5 includes a stirring shaft 501 and air supply rods 503. The air supply rods 503 are linearly arranged in an array along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 501 and are connected to the circulation and filtration member 6 through a circulation chamber 502. The circulation chamber 502 is connected to the air inlet chamber 406 through uniformly distributed conveying pipes 506; The air supply rods 503 are provided with multi-stage composite nozzles 505. The multi-stage composite nozzles 505 integrate a main air hole 5051 and a micro-hole atomization ring 5052 nested outside the main air hole 5051, and the air path channel is switched through a solenoid valve 504; The solenoid valve 504 is provided at the bottom of the stirring shaft 501 and is used to control the gas path switching between the main air hole 5051 and the micro-hole atomizing ring 5052; The stirring shaft 501 is arranged as a hollow shaft body, runs through the stirring area of the experimental box 1, is connected to the second driving member 7b, serves as a supporting structure for the air supply rod 503, and at the same time drives the stirring air supply member 5 to rotate to realize the mechanical stirring function. The air supply rods 503 evenly distributed along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 501 can cover the entire height range of the experimental box 1 to ensure the uniform distribution of air flow and mechanical force. The air supply rods at different heights can form "layered stirring" to avoid the problems of bottom material accumulation or excessive top air flow. The circulation bin 502 is connected to the bottom of the stirring shaft 501 and is communicated with the air inlet bin 406 through the conveying pipe 506. A solenoid valve can be provided on the conveying pipe 506 to control the conveying flow rate. The circulation bin 502 receives the circulated and filtered air flow and combines with the external air source (air inlet bin 406) to form a closed-loop gas path system. In Mode 1 (only moisture adjustment), the solenoid valve 504 closes the main air hole 5051 and opens the micro-hole atomizing ring 5052, and the stirring shaft 501 rotates at a low speed, only assisting the diffusion of the air flow. The humid and hot air flow forms a uniform aerosol through the micro-hole atomizing ring 5052 and covers the surface of the grains. In Mode 2 (pre-shelling), the solenoid valve 504 closes the micro-hole atomizing ring 5052 and opens the main air hole 5051, and the stirring shaft 501 rotates at a high speed, combining with centrifugal force to swing the grains. The high-pressure dry and hot air flow is sprayed at high speed through the main air hole 5051, and combines with the rotation of the stirring shaft to apply an impact force to the grains. After the air flow is sprayed from the nozzle, it carries dust or broken shells and rises to the top of the experimental box and enters the circulation filter member 6. The filtered air flow is redistributed to the air supply rods 503 through the circulation bin 502 to form recycling. In Mode 1 (only moisture adjustment), humid and hot air flow (such as 40°C, 80%RH) is default used, aiming to soften the buckwheat husk through high humidity penetration, and at the same time avoid premature drying of the grains at low temperature. In Mode 2 (pre-shelling), dry and hot air flow (such as 50°C, 50%RH) is default used, aiming to assist mechanical impact through high-temperature and low-humidity air flow to promote the separation of the shell and the kernel; Specifically, the second driving member 7b includes a second servo motor 701, a pulley 702, a belt 703 and a wrap angle increasing wheel 704. The second servo motor 701 drives a plurality of stirring shafts 501 to rotate synchronously through the belt 703, and the wrap angle increasing wheel 704 is used to increase the contact wrap angle between the belt 703 and the pulley 702; The second servo motor 701 is installed outside the experimental box 1 and drives multiple stirring shafts 501 to rotate synchronously through a belt 703, providing a power source and precisely controlling the rotation speed and direction of the stirring shafts 501. Pulley 702 is installed at the output end of the second servo motor 701 and the top of each stirring shaft 501 and is connected by a belt 703 to transmit the power of the second servo motor 701 to the stirring shafts 501 to achieve synchronous rotation. The belt 703 is in an annular belt structure, connecting the pulleys 702 of the second servo motor 701 and each stirring shaft 501 to transmit power and ensure the synchronous rotation of multiple stirring shafts 501. An idler pulley 704 is installed between the belt 703 and the pulley 702 to increase the contact wrap angle, improve the friction between the belt 703 and the pulley 702, prevent slipping, and enhance the transmission efficiency; Specifically, the circulating filter element 6 includes a gas circulation component 601 and a purification and filtration component 602. The gas circulation component 601 is used to extract the gas at the top of the experimental box 1 and transport it to the stirring and air supply component 5, and the purification and filtration component 602 is used to filter impurities in the air flow; Specifically, the gas circulation component 601 includes a circulation pump 6011, a first connecting pipe 6012, and a second connecting pipe 6013. The circulation pump 6011 is communicated with the air inlet of the stirring and air supply component 5 through the first connecting pipe 6012 and is communicated with the top of the experimental box 1 through the second connecting pipe 6013 to form a closed gas circulation path; The gas circulation component 601 includes a circulation pump 6011, a first connecting pipe 6012, and a second connecting pipe 6013, forming a closed circulation path, extracting the waste gas at the top of the experimental box 1 and circulating it back to the stirring and air supply component 5 to maintain the stability of the air pressure, temperature, and humidity in the experimental box 1, reducing the consumption of external gas sources. Especially in the high-humidity mode, more than 80% of the moisture can be recovered, reducing the humidification energy consumption. The frequency conversion adjustment of the circulation pump 6011 combined with the filtration efficiency can dynamically match the air flow demand in the experimental box 1. The circulating filter element 6 realizes the purification and efficient reuse of the air flow during the buckwheat pretreatment process through the coordination of modular filtration design and closed gas path circulation. Its filtration mechanism and convenient maintenance characteristics significantly reduce the risk of dust pollution, and at the same time ensure the stability of the air flow through the pressure balance design; Specifically, the purification and filtration component 602 includes a filter box 6021, a pull-out bucket 6022, a filter plate 6023, a pressure sensor 6024, and an exhaust port 6025. The pull-out bucket 6022 is detachably installed in the filter box 6021. The filter plate 6023 is fixed inside the pull-out bucket 6022 through a limiting plate 6026 to intercept dust impurities in the air flow. The pressure sensor 6024 is arranged on the side wall of the experimental box 1 to monitor the air pressure change in the experimental box 1 to ensure the stable air flow circulation. The exhaust port 6025 is arranged at the lower end of the filter box 6021 to release the excessive pressure in the experimental box 1 to ensure the safe operation of the system; The purification and filtration component 602 includes a filtration box 6021, a drawer barrel 6022, a filter plate 6023, a pressure sensor 6024, an exhaust port 6025 and a limit plate 6026, forming a detachable filtration system to filter impurities such as dust and debris in the air flow, avoiding polluting the experimental environment or blocking the nozzles of the air supply parts. The drawer barrel 6022 is designed in a drawer style with a handle groove at the front, allowing for quick extraction to replace the filter plate 6023. The filter plate 6023 is accommodated in the drawer barrel 6022, facilitating regular cleaning or replacement of the filter media. The filter media can be set as a multi-layer composite filter media according to requirements (such as a primary filter + a medium filter + an activated carbon layer), and is fixed inside the drawer barrel 6022 through the limit plate 6026. The exhaust port 6025 is set at the bottom of the filtration box 1 for pressure adjustment during daily air flow circulation, and the opening degree is precisely controlled by an electromagnetic valve; Specifically, the main air hole 5051 of the multi-stage composite nozzle 505 has a pore diameter of 3 - 5 mm, the micro pores of the micro pore atomization ring 5052 have a pore diameter of 0.5 - 1 mm, and a hydrophobic coating is provided on the surface of the micro pore atomization ring 5052; Through the pore diameter grading design, flexible switching from 0.5 mm micro mist to 5 mm high-speed air flow is achieved to adapt to different pretreatment requirements. The hydrophobic coating significantly reduces the maintenance frequency, especially in high humidity or dusty environments (such as debris generated during pre-shelling); The dual-mode dehulling experiment method for buckwheat grains includes the following steps: S1, Select the working mode: Mode 1: Moisture adjustment mode: S11, Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental box 1 through the feeding part 2; S12, Input a humid air flow with controllable humidity into the spiral lifting air inlet part 4 through an external air source, with the humidity range controlled at 60% - 80% and the temperature controlled at 30 - 40 °C; S13, Drive the spiral lifting air inlet part 4 and the stirring air supply part 5 to run at low speeds respectively through the first driving part 7a and the second driving part 7b. The rotation speed of the spiral lifting air inlet part is ≤ 20 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring air supply part is ≤ 30 RPM; S14, Circulate the gas at a low rate through the circulating filtration part 6 to avoid excessive drying; S15, Monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity in the experimental box 1 in real time through the temperature sensor 8 and the humidity sensor 9; S16, After reaching the preset moisture content, with the moisture content set at 12% - 15%, convey the processed buckwheat to the subsequent dehulling equipment through the discharging part 3.

[0022] Mode 2: Moisture adjustment + pre-dehulling mode: S11, Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental box 1 through the feeding part 2; S12. Input warm and humid air flow into the spiral lifting air inlet part 4 through an external air source, with the temperature controlled at 40 - 60 °C and the humidity controlled at 50% - 70%. S13. Drive the spiral lifting air inlet part 4 and the stirring air supply part 5 to operate at medium - high speeds respectively through the first driving part 7a and the second driving part 7b. The rotation speed of the spiral lifting air inlet part is 30 - 50 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring air supply part is 40 - 60 RPM. S14. Activate the micro - pore atomization ring 5052 and the main air hole 5051 of the multi - stage composite nozzle 505, and switch the gas path through the solenoid valve 504 to achieve the synergistic effect of wet gas atomization and hot gas injection. S15. Enhance dust filtration through the circulating filter part 6 and maintain the gas circulation rate. S15. Detect the degree of pre - shelling through image recognition or near - infrared spectroscopy, and set the target shelling rate at 30% - 40%. S2. Connect to the subsequent shelling equipment: S21. The discharging part 3 directly connects the processed buckwheat to the formal shelling equipment through the grading conveying system, ensuring seamless connection between the pretreatment and shelling processes. During the experiment, no formal shelling operation is involved, and only pretreatment is achieved through mechanical friction and gas action.

[0023] Working principle: Through innovative designs such as precise environmental control, air - machine collaborative processing, and intelligent monitoring and feedback, this device realizes the high - efficiency, energy - saving, and controllability of buckwheat seed pretreatment. Its dual working modes take into account both moisture adjustment and pre - shelling functions, significantly improving the subsequent shelling efficiency and product quality, while reducing energy consumption and equipment wear. The modular structure and anti - clogging design enhance the practicality and long - term stability of the device, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of buckwheat processing technology and also an important reference for the development of pretreatment technologies for other agricultural products.

[0024] This device takes the experimental box 1 as the core and integrates the following five major functional modules: Feeding and discharging system: Feeding part 2: The circumferentially - arrayed feeding bins 201 are evenly distributed on the top of the experimental box 1. Buckwheat seeds are introduced into the experimental box 1 through the feeding pipe 202, and the sealing cover 203 ensures the sealing during feeding.

[0025] Discharging part 3: The bottom discharging pipe 301 cooperates with the control valve 302 to adjust the flow rate, control the residence time of the seeds, and is directly connected to the subsequent shelling equipment after discharging.

[0026] Environmental control module: Spiral lifting air inlet component 4: The central hollow shaft 401 works in conjunction with the spiral blades 402. Through the blade structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top and the design of the incremental air inlet holes 403, the air flow is evenly transported and the material is lifted. The bottom air inlet bin 406 is connected to an external air source (wet / hot air flow) to achieve precise adjustment of temperature and humidity.

[0027] Circulation filter 6: The gas circulation component 601 forms a closed loop through the circulation pump 6011, and the purification filter component 602 (pull-out bucket 6022 and multi-layer filter plate 6023) intercepts dust to ensure clean airflow for reuse.

[0028] Mechanical processing module: Stirring and air supplying part 5: evenly distributed along the circumference of the spiral lifting air supply part 4, the multi-stage composite nozzle 505 (main air hole 5051 and micro-pore atomizing ring 5052) of the air supply rod 503 switches the air flow form through the electromagnetic valve 504, and cooperates with the high-speed rotation of the stirring shaft 501 to achieve composite pre-shelling of mechanical friction and air flow impact.

[0029] Power and drive system: The first driving component 7a: the servo motor 405 drives the spiral material lifting and air inlet component 4 to adjust the material lifting speed.

[0030] Second driving component 7b: Servo motor 2 701 drives multiple stirring shafts 501 synchronously through belt 703 and surface increasing wheel 704 to ensure synchronous rotation of multiple shafts.

[0031] Monitoring and feedback system: Sensor network: Temperature sensors 8 and humidity sensors 9 are distributed in layers along the axial / radial directions of the experimental box to monitor the temperature and humidity gradients in real time, and the data is fed back to the PLC controller to optimize the control strategy.

[0032] Pre-hulling detection: The discharge end can be equipped with image recognition or near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the pre-treatment effect (such as hulling rate and moisture content).

[0033] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat kernels, comprising an experimental box (1), characterized in that: The upper side wall of the experimental box (1) is provided with a feeding member (2), and the lower side wall is provided with a discharging member (3); A spiral lifting air inlet member (4) and at least three stirring air supply members (5) are coaxially arranged in the experimental box (1). The spiral lifting air inlet member (4) is located at the center of the experimental box (1), and the stirring air supply members (5) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spiral lifting air inlet member (4); The bottom of the spiral lifting air inlet member (4) is connected to an external air source for injecting hot air flow with controllable temperature or wet air flow with controllable humidity into the experimental box (1); A circulating filter member (6) is provided on the outer side wall of the experimental box (1). The air inlet end of the circulating filter member (6) is connected to the top of the experimental box (1), and the air outlet end is connected to the air inlet of the stirring air supply member (5) through a pipeline; A first driving member (7a) for driving the spiral lifting air inlet member (4) and a second driving member (7b) for driving the stirring air supply member (5) are provided at the upper end of the experimental box (1); At least three temperature sensors (8) and at least three humidity sensors (9) are provided on the inner wall of the experimental box (1). The temperature sensors (8) and humidity sensors (9) are distributed in layers along the axial and radial directions of the experimental box (1).

2. The dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding member (2) includes a feeding bin (201), a feeding pipe (202) and a sealing cover (203) arranged in a circumferential array. The feeding bin (201) is communicated with the experimental box (1) through the feeding pipe (202), and the sealing cover (203) is detachably connected to the upper end of the feeding bin (201); The discharging member (3) includes a discharging pipe (301) and a control valve (302). The discharging pipe (301) is arranged at the bottom of the experimental box (1), and the control valve (302) is used to adjust the discharging flow rate.

3. The dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral lifting air inlet member (4) includes a hollow central shaft (401) and spiral blades (402). The bottom of the hollow central shaft (401) is movably connected to an air inlet chamber (406), and the air inlet chamber (406) is communicated with an external air source through an air inlet pipe (404); The spiral blades (402) are arranged in a gradient structure with a wider bottom and a narrower top, and air inlet holes (403) with an increasing density from bottom to top are provided on the spiral blades (402). The blade spacing of the spiral blades (402) decreases from bottom to top, and the air inlet holes (403) are communicated with the inside of the hollow central shaft (401) through an air passage; The first driving member (7a) includes a servo motor one (405), and the output end of the servo motor one (405) is fixedly connected to the hollow central shaft (401).

4. The dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring and air-sending member (5) includes a stirring shaft (501) and an air-sending rod (503). The air-sending rods (503) are linearly arrayed along the axial direction of the stirring shaft (501) and are communicated with the circulating and filtering member (6) through a circulating bin (502). The circulating bin (502) is communicated with the air inlet bin (406) through uniformly distributed conveying pipes (506). The air-sending rod (503) is provided with a multi-stage composite nozzle (505). The multi-stage composite nozzle (505) integrates a main air hole (5051) and a micro-hole atomization ring (5052) nested outside the main air hole (5051), and switches the air path channel through a solenoid valve (504). The solenoid valve (504) is arranged at the bottom of the stirring shaft (501) and is used to control the air path switching between the main air hole (5051) and the micro-hole atomization ring (5052).

5. The buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second driving member (7b) includes a second servo motor (701), a pulley (702), a belt (703) and a wrap angle increasing wheel (704). The second servo motor (701) drives a plurality of stirring shafts (501) to rotate synchronously through the belt (703). The wrap angle increasing wheel (704) is used to increase the contact wrap angle between the belt (703) and the pulley (702).

6. The buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating and filtering member (6) includes a gas circulating component (601) and a purification and filtering component (602). The gas circulating component (601) is used to extract the gas at the top of the experimental chamber (1) and transport it to the stirring and air-sending member (5). The purification and filtering component (602) is used to filter impurities in the air flow.

7. The buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas circulating component (601) includes a circulating pump (6011), a first connecting pipe (6012) and a second connecting pipe (6013). The circulating pump (6011) is communicated with the air inlet of the stirring and air-sending member (5) through the first connecting pipe (6012) and is communicated with the top of the experimental chamber (1) through the second connecting pipe (6013) to form a closed gas circulation path.

8. The buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The purification and filtering component (602) includes a filtering box (6021), a pull-out barrel (6022), a filter plate (6023), a pressure sensor (6024) and an exhaust port (6025). The pull-out barrel (6022) is detachably installed in the filtering box (6021). The filter plate (6023) is fixed inside the pull-out barrel (6022) through a limiting plate (6026) and is used to intercept dust impurities in the air flow. The pressure sensor (6024) is arranged on the side wall of the experimental chamber (1) and is used to monitor the air pressure change in the experimental chamber (1) to ensure stable air flow circulation. The exhaust port (6025) is arranged at the lower end of the filtering box (6021) and is used to release the excessive pressure in the experimental chamber (1) to ensure the safe operation of the system.

9. The dual-mode hulling experimental device for buckwheat grains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The aperture of the main air hole (5051) of the multi-stage composite nozzle (505) is 3-5 mm, the aperture of the micro-holes of the micro-hole atomization ring (5052) is 0.5-1 mm, and the surface of the micro-hole atomization ring (5052) is provided with a hydrophobic coating.

10. The buckwheat grain dual-mode shelling experiment method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Select the working mode: Mode 1 (moisture adjustment mode): S11. Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental box (1) through the feeding part (2); S12. Input a humid air flow with controllable humidity into the spiral lifting air inlet part (4) through an external air source, and the humidity range is controlled at 60%-80%, and the temperature is controlled at 30-40 °C; S13. Drive the spiral lifting air inlet part (4) and the stirring air supply part (5) to run at a low speed respectively through the first driving part (7a) and the second driving part (7b), the rotation speed of the spiral lifting air inlet part ≤ 20 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring air supply part ≤ 30 RPM; S14. Circulate the gas at a low rate through the circulation filtering part (6) to avoid excessive drying; S15. Real-time monitor and adjust the temperature and humidity in the experimental box (1) through the temperature sensor (8) and the humidity sensor (9); S16. After reaching the preset moisture content, the moisture content is set at 12%-15%, and the processed buckwheat is conveyed to the subsequent hulling equipment through the discharging part (3); Mode 2 (moisture adjustment + pre-hulling mode): S11. Feed the buckwheat grains into the experimental box (1) through the feeding part (2); S12. Input a warm and humid air flow into the spiral lifting air inlet part (4) through an external air source, the temperature is controlled at 40-60 °C, and the humidity is controlled at 50%-70%; S13. Drive the spiral lifting air inlet part (4) and the stirring air supply part (5) to run at a medium-high speed respectively through the first driving part (7a) and the second driving part (7b), the rotation speed of the spiral lifting air inlet part is 30-50 RPM, and the rotation speed of the stirring air supply part is 40-60 RPM; S14. Activate the micro-hole atomization ring (5052) and the main air hole (5051) of the multi-stage composite nozzle (505), and switch the air path through the solenoid valve (504) to realize the synergistic effect of wet gas atomization and hot gas injection; S15. Enhance the dust filtration through the circulation filtering part (6) and maintain the gas circulation rate; S15. Detect the pre-hulling degree through image recognition or near-infrared spectroscopy, and the target hulling rate is set at 30%-40%; S2. Connect to the subsequent hulling equipment: S21. The discharging part (3) directly connects the processed buckwheat to the formal hulling equipment through the grading conveying system, ensuring seamless connection between the pretreatment and the hulling process. During the experimental process, no formal hulling operation is involved, and only pretreatment is achieved through mechanical friction and gas action.

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