Part machining mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a part machining mechanism which comprises a main motor, a cam movement assembly, a crank movement assembly, a conveying belt and a clamping assembly. The cam movement assembly, the crank movement assembly and the conveying belt are driven by the main motor; the cam movement assembly drives the milling power head to move horizontally and vertically, the crank movement assembly drives the drill bit to move vertically, the conveying belt moves in the horizontal direction, and the clamping assembly clamps a machined part. Wherein the cam movement assembly comprises a cam and an L-shaped pull rod, an output shaft of the main motor is connected with the cam, one end of the transverse part of the L-shaped pull rod is movably connected to the circumference of the cam, a long slotted hole is formed in the vertical part of the L-shaped pull rod, and a milling lifting table is arranged below the cam; the lower part of the milling lifting table is connected with a milling sliding table through a milling lifting table spring; a sliding block matched with the long slotted hole is arranged on the milling sliding table, a hollowed-out hole is further formed in the horizontal plane of the milling sliding table, and the milling power head can move up and down in the hollowed-out hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing of parts, in particular to a part processing mechanism for milling and drilling parts. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, there are generally the following parts processing mechanisms.

[0003] First, a fixed multi-station device for combined machine tools; this device adopts a modular design and is mainly composed of a bed, a milling power head, a drilling power head, a workpiece fixing fixture and a transmission mechanism. After the workpiece is fixed by a hydraulic or pneumatic fixture, it is transported to the milling station and the drilling station in sequence by a robotic arm or a slide. The two stations operate independently and the processing sequence is controlled by a program. After milling is completed, the transmission mechanism transfers the workpiece to the drilling station, and the drilling power head performs drilling according to the preset coordinates. However, this technology has significant defects: the station switching depends on the mechanical transmission system. After long-term operation, the gear clearance and lead screw wear will cause cumulative errors. The relative position accuracy of the hole position and the milling plane is usually difficult to stably control within ±0.1mm; at the same time, the vibrations generated by the simultaneous processing of multiple power heads are superimposed on each other, which can easily deteriorate the surface roughness of the workpiece to Ra>3.2μm; in addition, manual adjustment of the fixture positioning reference is required during production change, which takes up to 4-8 hours, seriously affecting the flexibility of the production line.

[0004] Second, there are turret-type multi-tool magazine integrated machine tools. This type of machine tool uses a rotary turret as its core structure, with the milling cutter and drill bit integrated in the same tool magazine. The turret rotation is controlled by the CNC system to achieve automatic tool switching. During processing, after the workpiece is clamped once, the turret first calls the milling cutter to complete plane processing, and then changes position to call the drill bit to perform drilling. Its limitations are: the indexing accuracy of the turret directly affects the hole position accuracy, and the conventional indexing error is ≥±15", resulting in a high risk of out-of-tolerance hole group position accuracy; during the tool change process, the turret rotation, locking and other actions occupy the processing cycle, and a single tool change takes 2-5 seconds, which significantly reduces efficiency in mass production; more seriously, the difference between the intermittent cutting load during milling and the continuous axial force of drilling will aggravate the eccentric wear of the spindle bearing. Actual measured data shows that its life is shortened by more than 30% compared with a single processing procedure.

[0005] Third, modular flexible processing units; this unit consists of an independent milling module, a drilling module, and a conveyor belt, equipped with a visual inspection system to achieve process connection. After the workpiece is processed in the milling module, it is transferred to the drilling module via a conveyor belt. During this period, the visual system compensates for positioning deviations through laser scanning. Although it has the advantage of flexibility in theory, there are multiple problems in actual application: cutting fluid splashes and contaminates the lens, resulting in a visual system misjudgment rate of up to 5%, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning; although position compensation is introduced in the transmission between modules, the mechanical positioning error still needs to be corrected twice by a contact probe, and the system response delay causes an overall cycle loss of 10%-15%; in addition, this solution requires the configuration of high-precision sensors and independent control systems. The initial investment cost is 3-5 times that of traditional equipment, which is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to afford.

[0006] Fourth, a hydraulic profile drilling device. This device uses a milled surface as a reference, tracking the contour in real time via a hydraulic profile contact, driving the drill bit along the profiled trajectory. It primarily comprises a profile valve, a servo cylinder, and a guide mechanism. Its operating principle relies on the coupled control of hydraulic pressure and mechanical profile, making it suitable for drilling holes on curved workpieces. However, significant practical drawbacks exist: hydraulic system pressure fluctuations can cause unstable drill feed speeds, with fluctuations reaching ±20%, resulting in hole depth tolerances exceeding ±0.3mm. When the oil temperature rises above 50°C, changes in hydraulic oil viscosity reduce positioning repeatability by 40%, necessitating the use of an additional oil cooling unit. Furthermore, the continuous friction between the profile contact and the workpiece surface is only suitable for materials with a hardness below HB200. When machining hard materials such as hardened steel, the drill bit wear rate accelerates by over 50%, severely limiting the process's applicability. Existing technology utilizes CNC machining centers for this purpose.

[0007] The above processing mechanisms have complex structures, large volumes, and relatively long processing times.

[0008] The present invention provides a novel parts processing mechanism, which realizes automatic milling and drilling through a transmission belt, a cam and a crank mechanism, and overcomes the technical defects of the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a part processing mechanism, which includes a main motor, a cam motion assembly, a crank motion assembly, a conveyor belt and a clamping assembly; the cam motion assembly, the crank motion assembly and the conveyor belt are driven by the main motor; the cam motion assembly drives the horizontal and vertical movement of the milling cutter power head, the crank motion assembly drives the vertical movement of the drill bit, the conveyor belt moves along the horizontal direction, and the clamping assembly clamps the processed parts; wherein, the cam motion assembly includes a cam and an L-shaped pull rod, the output shaft of the main motor is connected to the cam, one end of the transverse part of the L-shaped pull rod is movably connected to the circumference of the cam, the vertical part of the L-shaped pull rod is provided with a long slot hole, a milling lifting platform is provided below the cam, and the milling lifting platform is connected to the milling slide through a milling lifting platform spring below the milling lift platform; a slider matching the long slot hole is provided on the milling slide, and a hollow hole is also provided on the horizontal surface of the milling slide, and the milling power head can move up and down in the hollow hole.

[0010] Furthermore, the parts processing mechanism is installed on the bed.

[0011] Furthermore, the parts processing mechanism is also provided with a cross-type pulley transmission assembly, including an upper first pulley, a lower second pulley, a left third pulley and a right fourth pulley provided at symmetrical positions at the upper, lower, left and right sides, four tensioning pulleys are evenly distributed around the center position of the four pulleys, and the belt forms a closed cross shape along the outer sides of the four pulleys and the inner sides of the four tensioning pulleys. The first pulley is installed on the output shaft of the main motor, and the second pulley is connected to the crank motion assembly. The third transmission shaft and the fourth transmission shaft are respectively installed in the axial direction of the center hole of the third pulley and the axial direction of the center hole of the fourth pulley, and the conveyor belt is installed in a closed form on the outside of the third transmission shaft and the fourth transmission shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the crank assembly includes a crank, a T-shaped piece and a crank slider, the input shaft of the crank is connected to the center hole of the second pulley, a T-shaped piece is provided at the output end of the crank, the crank slider and the T-shaped piece are slidingly connected, and the crank slider is provided on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform; the drilling device includes a drilling spindle box and a drill bit, wherein the drilling spindle box is installed on the drilling lifting platform, and the drill bit is installed on the top of the drilling spindle box.

[0013] Furthermore, a support plate is installed on the bed, and a first pulley shaft seat and a second pulley shaft seat are installed on the support plate. The input shaft of the cam is coaxially connected to the first pulley after passing through the inner hole of the first pulley shaft seat, and the input shaft of the crank is coaxially connected to the second pulley after passing through the inner hole of the second pulley shaft seat. A tensioner steering wheel rod is also installed on the support plate, and the four tensioners are installed on the tensioner wheel rod.

[0014] Furthermore, a guide seat with a guide hole is installed on the bed, and a guide column is installed on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform, and the guide column is arranged in the guide hole of the guide seat.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a clamping operating handle, a workpiece clamping block and a workpiece limit block. The processed part is a rectangular workpiece. The workpiece clamping block is arranged in the length direction of the rectangular workpiece, and the workpiece limit block is arranged in the width direction of the rectangular workpiece. The clamping operating handle is pushed toward the direction of the rectangular workpiece, and the workpiece clamping block clamps the rectangular workpiece.

[0016] Furthermore, a feeding guide groove is provided in the feeding direction of the rectangular workpiece, and the rectangular workpiece is placed on the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt drives the rectangular workpiece to move along the feeding direction in the feeding guide groove.

[0017] Furthermore, a guide rail pair of the milling slide is provided between the bottom of the milling slide and the bed.

[0018] Furthermore, a milling cutter motor is installed inside the milling cutter power head; a third pulley shaft seat and a fourth pulley shaft seat are also provided on the bed, the third pulley is installed on the third pulley shaft seat, and the fourth pulley is installed on the fourth pulley shaft seat.

[0019] The main beneficial effects of the present invention are: automatic milling and drilling of machined parts can be completed by driving with one motor, and time-sharing asynchronous control is achieved, thereby simplifying the machining mechanism, reducing machining time, and improving machining accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a parts processing mechanism at a certain angle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the parts processing mechanism at another angle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a front view of a parts processing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA direction schematic diagram;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a left side view of a parts processing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the GG direction;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a rear view of a parts processing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of BB direction;

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of CC direction;

[0029] Figure 10 A top view of a parts processing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of EE direction;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an installation of some components of a parts processing mechanism mounted on a bed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a processed part in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a clamping assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a crank in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the installation of the crank and T-shaped piece in one embodiment of the present invention

[0036] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a crank and a T-shaped piece on a drilling lifting platform in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The parts processing mechanism of the present invention will be further explained and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the specification. However, such explanation and illustration do not constitute an undue limitation to the technical solution of the present invention.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 and combined Figure 2-Figure 17The part processing mechanism in a certain embodiment of the present invention includes a main motor 1, a cam motion assembly, a crank motion assembly, a conveyor belt 4 and a clamping assembly; the cam motion assembly, the crank motion assembly and the conveyor belt 4 are driven by the main motor 1; the cam motion assembly drives the horizontal and vertical movement of the milling power head 28, the crank motion assembly drives the vertical movement of the drill bit 5, the conveyor belt 4 moves in the horizontal direction, and the clamping assembly clamps the processed part 6; wherein the cam motion assembly includes a cam 20 and an L-shaped pull rod 21, the output shaft of the main motor 1 is connected to the cam 20, and one end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped pull rod 21 is movably connected An elongated slot 22 is provided on the vertical portion of the L-shaped pull rod 21 connected to the circumference of the cam 20, and a milling lift 23 is provided below the cam 20. The milling lift 23 is connected to the milling slide 25 through a milling lift spring 24 provided below the milling lift 23; a slider 26 matching the elongated slot is provided on the milling slide 25, and a hollow hole 27 is also provided on the horizontal surface of the milling slide 25, and a milling power head 28 can move up and down in the hollow hole 27, wherein the milling cutter 29 is installed below the milling power head 28, the main motor 1 is installed on the main motor bracket 10, and the part processing mechanism is installed on the bed 100.

[0039] Continue to refer Figure 11 The slider 26 is a square slider, a square hole is opened on the milling slide 25, and a square hole is also opened in the center of the square slider. The square key 260 passes through the square hole opened on the milling slide 25 and the square hole opened on the square slider.

[0040] Continue to refer Figure 3 After the cam retaining ring 40 is locked, the L-shaped pull rod 21 will not be separated from the axial direction and is rotationally connected to the cam 20.

[0041] Continue to refer Figure 5 The output end of the main motor 1 is connected to the input end of the first pulley 71 through a coupling 109.

[0042] refer to Figure 6 The center of the third pulley 73 is provided with a square hole 79.

[0043] As a preferred option, the parts processing mechanism is also provided with a cross-type pulley transmission assembly, including an upper first pulley 71, a lower second pulley 72, a left third pulley 73 and a right fourth pulley 74 at symmetrical positions at the upper, lower, left and right sides, four tensioning pulleys 75 are evenly distributed around the center position of the four pulleys, and the belt 76 forms a closed cross shape along the outer sides of the four pulleys and the inner sides of the four tensioning pulleys. The first pulley 71 is installed on the output shaft of the main motor 1, and the second pulley 72 is connected to the crank motion assembly. The third transmission shaft 77 and the fourth transmission shaft 78 are respectively installed in the axial direction of the center hole of the third pulley 73 and the axial direction of the center hole of the fourth pulley 74, and the conveyor belt 4 is installed in a closed form on the outside of the third transmission shaft 77 and the fourth transmission shaft 78.

[0044] As a preferred option, the crank assembly includes a crank 30, a T-shaped piece 31 and a crank slider 32, the input shaft of the crank 30 is connected to the center hole of the second pulley 72, a T-shaped piece 31 is provided at the output end of the crank 30, the crank slider 32 is slidingly connected to the T-shaped piece 31, and the crank slider 32 is provided on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform 34; the drilling device includes a drilling spindle box 35 and a drill bit 36, wherein the drilling spindle box 35 is installed on the drilling lifting platform 34, and the drill bit 36 is installed on the top of the drilling spindle box 35.

[0045] Continue to refer Figure 4 As a preferred option, the T-shaped member 31 and the crank slider 32 are slidably connected via a dovetail groove guide pair 321.

[0046] As a preferred option, a support plate 101 is installed on the bed 100, and a first pulley shaft seat 102 and a second pulley shaft seat 103 are installed on the support plate 101. The input shaft of the cam 20 is coaxially connected to the first pulley 71 after passing through the inner hole of the first pulley shaft seat, and the input shaft of the crank 30 is coaxially connected to the second pulley 72 after passing through the inner hole of the second pulley shaft seat 103. A tensioner steering wheel rod 104 is also installed on the support plate 101, and the four tensioners 75 are installed on the tensioner wheel rod 104.

[0047] The first pulley 71 and the second pulley 72 are respectively mounted on the first pulley shaft seat 102 and the second pulley shaft seat 103 . A tensioner steering wheel rod 104 is also mounted on the support plate 101 . The four tensioners 75 are mounted on the tensioner wheel rod 104 .

[0048] As a preferred option, a guide seat 105 with a guide hole is further installed on the bed 100 , and a guide column 37 is installed on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform 34 , and the guide column 37 is arranged in the guide hole 106 of the guide seat 105 .

[0049] As a preferred option, the clamping assembly includes a clamping operating handle 50, a workpiece clamping block 51 and a workpiece limit block 52. The processed part 6 is a rectangular workpiece 61. The workpiece clamping block 51 is arranged in the length direction of the rectangular workpiece 61, and the workpiece limit block 52 is arranged in the width direction of the rectangular workpiece 61. The clamping operating handle 50 is pushed toward the direction of the rectangular workpiece 61, and the workpiece clamping block 51 clamps the rectangular workpiece 61.

[0050] As a preferred option, a feeding guide groove 62 is provided in the feeding direction of the rectangular workpiece 61 , and the rectangular workpiece 61 is placed on the conveyor belt 4 , which drives the rectangular workpiece 61 to move in the feeding guide groove 62 along the feeding direction.

[0051] As a preferred option, a guide rail pair 108 of the milling slide is provided between the bottom of the milling slide 25 and the bed 100 .

[0052] As a preferred option, a milling cutter motor is also installed inside the milling power head 28; a third pulley shaft seat 106 and a fourth pulley shaft seat 107 are also provided on the bed 100, the third pulley 73 is installed on the third pulley shaft seat 106, and the fourth pulley 74 is installed on the fourth pulley shaft seat 107.

[0053] refer to Figure 9 There is a raised disc 41 on both sides of the conveyor belt 4 for axial limitation, and the retaining spring 42 also plays the role of axial limitation.

[0054] refer to Figure 12 A guide bar 63 is provided on the side of the feeding guide groove 62. The processed parts move along the feeding guide groove 62. The guide bar 63 contacts the side of the processed parts. Some balls can be placed on the contact surface of the guide bar 63 to increase the smoothness of the operation of the processed parts.

[0055] It is also understandable that a clamping dovetail groove 53 may be installed to be slidably connected to the clamping operating handle in order to increase the accuracy of the direction when the clamping operating handle is pushed.

[0056] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0057] The main motor rotates, and after being driven by the cross-pulley drive assembly, the main motor converts the vertical drive of the belt into horizontal drive. Driven by the third and fourth pulleys, this provides kinetic energy to the horizontal conveyor belt, thereby driving the processed parts along the horizontal direction. The workpiece is clamped by the clamping assembly. The main motor rotates, driving the cam, which presses down the milling lift table, driving the milling power head downward. The cam drives the L-shaped pull rod, which drives the milling slide in the horizontal direction, and the milling cutter begins milling.

[0058] In addition, the second pulley drives the crank, which in turn drives the slider, which in turn drives the drilling platform upward, thereby driving the drill bit upward. When it approaches the bottom surface of the workpiece, the drill bit begins to rotate and drills the workpiece. At the same time, for accurate guidance, dovetail guide rails can be installed on the milling slide and the transport track of the workpiece.

[0059] It can also be understood that the milling lift table spring is designed to overcome the gravity of the milling lift table in an original state and to exert a thrust on the milling lift table.

[0060] The present invention adopts time-sharing asynchronous control in the milling and drilling processing processes.

[0061] It should be noted that the prior art within the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments given in this application document. All prior art that does not contradict the solutions of the present invention, including but not limited to prior patent documents, prior publications, prior public uses, etc., can be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] In addition, the combination of the various technical features in this case is not limited to the combination described in the claims of this case or the combination described in the specific embodiments. All technical features recorded in this case can be freely combined or combined in any way unless there is a contradiction between them.

[0063] It should also be noted that the above-listed embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above-listed embodiments. Similar variations or modifications that can be directly derived from or easily conceived by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parts processing mechanism, characterized in that: The part processing mechanism includes a main motor, a cam motion assembly, a crank motion assembly, a conveyor belt and a clamping assembly; the cam motion assembly, the crank motion assembly and the conveyor belt are driven by the main motor; the cam motion assembly drives the horizontal and vertical movement of the milling power head, the crank motion assembly drives the vertical movement of the drill bit, the conveyor belt moves in the horizontal direction, and the clamping assembly clamps the processed parts; Among them, the cam motion assembly includes a cam and an L-shaped pull rod, the output shaft of the main motor is connected to the cam, one end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped pull rod is movably connected to the circumference of the cam, and a long slot is provided on the vertical part of the L-shaped pull rod. A milling lifting platform is provided under the cam, and the milling lifting platform is connected to the milling slide through a milling lifting platform spring below the milling lifting platform; a slider matching the long slot is provided on the milling slide, and a hollow hole is also provided on the horizontal surface of the milling slide, and the milling power head can move up and down in the hollow hole.

2. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parts processing mechanism is installed on the bed.

3. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein: The parts processing mechanism is also provided with a cross-type pulley transmission assembly, including an upper first pulley, a lower second pulley, a left third pulley and a right fourth pulley provided at symmetrical positions of upper, lower, left and right, four tensioning pulleys are evenly distributed around the center position of the four pulleys, and the belt forms a closed cross shape along the outer sides of the four pulleys and the inner sides of the four tensioning pulleys. The output shaft of the main motor is installed with the first pulley, and the second pulley is connected to the crank motion assembly. The third transmission shaft and the fourth transmission shaft are respectively installed in the axial direction of the center hole of the third pulley and the axial direction of the center hole of the fourth pulley, and the conveyor belt is installed in a closed form on the outside of the third transmission shaft and the fourth transmission shaft.

4. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crank assembly includes a crank, a T-shaped piece and a crank slider, the input shaft of the crank is connected to the center hole of the second pulley, a T-shaped piece is provided at the output end of the crank, the crank slider and the T-shaped piece are slidingly connected, and the crank slider is provided on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform; the drilling device includes a drilling spindle box and a drill bit, wherein the drilling spindle box is installed on the drilling lifting platform, and the drill bit is installed on the top of the drilling spindle box.

5. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: A support plate is installed on the bed, and a first pulley shaft seat and a second pulley shaft seat are installed on the support plate. The input shaft of the cam is coaxially connected to the first pulley after passing through the inner hole of the first pulley shaft seat, and the input shaft of the crank is coaxially connected to the second pulley after passing through the inner hole of the second pulley shaft seat. A tensioner steering wheel rod is also installed on the support plate, and the four tensioners are installed on the tensioner wheel rod.

6. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A guide seat with a guide hole is also installed on the bed, and a guide column is installed on the bottom surface of the drilling lifting platform. The guide column is arranged in the guide hole of the guide seat.

7. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a clamping operating handle, a workpiece clamping block and a workpiece limit block. The processed part is a rectangular workpiece. The workpiece clamping block is arranged in the length direction of the rectangular workpiece, and the workpiece limit block is arranged in the width direction of the rectangular workpiece. The clamping operating handle is pushed toward the direction of the rectangular workpiece, and the workpiece clamping block clamps the rectangular workpiece.

8. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: A feeding guide groove is provided in the feeding direction of the rectangular workpiece. The rectangular workpiece is placed on the conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt drives the rectangular workpiece to move along the feeding direction in the feeding guide groove.

9. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein: A guide rail pair of the milling slide is provided between the bottom of the milling slide and the bed.

10. The parts processing mechanism according to claim 3, wherein: A milling cutter motor is also installed inside the milling power head; a third pulley shaft seat and a fourth pulley shaft seat are also provided on the bed, the third pulley is installed on the third pulley shaft seat, and the fourth pulley is installed on the fourth pulley shaft seat.

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