Ceramic and metal welding structural body and welding method

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic and metal welding structural body and a welding method, and the welding method comprises the following steps: (1) sequentially depositing a titanium film and a nickel film on a welding surface of a ceramic material, and then carrying out hot isostatic pressing welding on one side deposited with the titanium film and the nickel film and a welding surface of a metal material to obtain a composite structural body; and (2) combining a metal buffer layer, a cover plate and the composite structure body obtained in the step (1) to obtain a ceramic and metal welding structure body. According to the invention, the titanium film and the nickel film with a certain thickness are added on the welding surface of the ceramic material, so that the welding success rate and the welding firmness can be improved; the diffusion welding technology is adopted, the welding result is reasonably adjusted, the influence of external factors on the welding process can be effectively avoided, and therefore the welding success rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding processing, and in particular to a ceramic and metal welding structure and a welding method. Background Art

[0002] Ceramics have excellent comprehensive properties and are widely used in many fields. However, they suffer from poor processing properties and usually require composite structures with metals to expand their applications. Therefore, how to achieve a stable connection between ceramics and metals is the key to promoting the application of ceramic composite materials.

[0003] Currently, some researchers use laser welding technology to melt the interface between ceramics and metals through the irradiation of high-energy beams, thereby achieving welding. However, laser welding has high requirements for materials. Due to the high brittleness of ceramic materials, cracks are prone to occur during the welding process, which in turn leads to welding failure. At the same time, the cost of equipment is high, and the welding success rate is easily affected by external factors such as temperature and pressure. Diffusion welding is a relatively popular welding technology currently under research. Diffusion welding refers to a process in which the surfaces to be welded are brought close to and in contact with each other under certain temperature and pressure, and the physical contact between the surfaces to be joined is expanded by causing local microscopic plastic deformation or by generating a transient liquid phase on the surfaces to be joined. Then, after a long period of atomic diffusion and mutual penetration, a metallurgical bond is formed. Diffusion welding has the characteristics of wide applicability, easy control of welding parameters, and high connection strength.

[0004] CN113968749A discloses a method for connecting high-entropy ceramics and metals, comprising the following steps: Step S1, vacuum diffusion welding the high-entropy ceramic and a TaZrNbHfTi refractory high-entropy alloy at high temperature to obtain a welded assembly; Step S2, vacuum diffusion welding the TaZrNbHfTi refractory high-entropy alloy in the welded assembly to the metal to complete the connection between the high-entropy ceramic and the metal. CN100582311A discloses a method for connecting a ceramic-based inert anode for aluminum electrolysis to a metal conductive rod. This method provides a process technology for firmly connecting the anode and the metal conductive connecting rod for aluminum electrolysis with ceramic-based inert anodes of different shapes and sizes. This method achieves the connection between the ceramic-based inert anode and the metal conductive connecting rod by metallizing the surface to be connected of the inert anode and the outer surface of the conductive connecting rod, using a brazing filler metal with a composition similar to that of the inert anode substrate, and using a pressure diffusion welding process. However, this method for welding ceramics to metals places high demands on equipment and process control, and the welding success rate still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ceramic and metal welding structure and welding method, which effectively improves the welding success rate, firmness and reliability between ceramic and metal.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for welding ceramics to metals, the welding method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) depositing a titanium film and a nickel film on the welding surface of the ceramic material in sequence, and then hot isostatically pressing the side on which the titanium film and the nickel film are deposited to the welding surface of the metal material to obtain a composite structure;

[0009] (2) After combining the metal buffer layer, the cover plate and the composite structure obtained in step (1), a welded structure of ceramic and metal is obtained.

[0010] The ceramic and metal welding method provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and the possibility of cracks occurring during the welding process by adding a titanium film and a nickel film with a slightly excessive thickness to the welding surface of the ceramic material, thereby improving the welding success rate. At the same time, the presence of the titanium film and the nickel film can also increase the roughness of the welding surface, thereby improving the firmness of the welding; by reasonably adjusting the welding results, the influence of external factors on the welding process can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the welding success rate; by adopting the diffusion welding technology, the welding success rate can be effectively improved, thereby realizing reliable welding of ceramics and metals; in addition, a metal buffer layer is added to the welding structure to fully release the stress of the material during the welding process, thereby achieving a better welding effect.

[0011] Preferably, the ceramic material in step (1) includes alumina ceramics.

[0012] The alumina ceramic has high hardness, small thermal expansion coefficient and high brittleness, which is conducive to welding.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the titanium film in step (1) is 4-6 μm, for example, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, 5.5 μm or 6 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the nickel film in step (1) is 2-10 μm, for example, 2 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm or 10 μm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0015] The thickness of the titanium film and nickel film can be adjusted according to actual conditions, but a certain excess thickness must be ensured to reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and increase the roughness of the welding surface.

[0016] Preferably, the metal material in step (1) includes titanium alloy.

[0017] Titanium alloy has high strength, good toughness and strong corrosion resistance, which is conducive to welding.

[0018] Preferably, the welding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 350-550°C, for example, it can be 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C or 550°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0019] Preferably, the welding pressure of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 10-50 MPa, for example, it can be 10 MPa, 20 MPa, 30 MPa, 40 MPa or 50 MPa, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0020] Preferably, the welding time of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 25-35 minutes, for example, it can be 25 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes or 35 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0021] The use of hot isostatic pressing can accurately control parameters such as welding temperature, pressure and time. The welding parameters of hot isostatic pressing can be adjusted according to actual conditions, but the stability and reliability of the welding process must be guaranteed to improve the success rate of welding.

[0022] Preferably, the ambient temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 18-22°C, for example, it can be 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C or 22°C, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0023] Preferably, the ambient humidity of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 45-55%, for example, it can be 45%, 48%, 50%, 52% or 55%, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0024] During the welding process, try to avoid the influence of external factors and control the welding environment temperature and humidity within a reasonable range to avoid the impact of temperature and humidity changes on the welding process.

[0025] Preferably, the material of the metal buffer layer in step (2) includes pure copper or pure aluminum.

[0026] The term "pure copper" refers to copper with a purity greater than 99.7%, and "pure aluminum" refers to aluminum with a purity greater than 99%. The metal buffer layer may also be made of other metal materials with good toughness.

[0027] Preferably, a stainless steel isolation layer is provided between the metal buffer layer and the cover plate, and between the metal buffer layer and the composite structure in step (2).

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the welding method of the present invention, the welding method includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) depositing a 4-6 μm titanium film and a 2-10 μm nickel film on the welding surface of the ceramic material in sequence, and then hot isostatic pressing the side with the titanium film and nickel film deposited to the welding surface of the metal material at a welding temperature of 350-550° C., a welding pressure of 10-50 MPa, a welding time of 25-35 min, an ambient temperature of 18-22° C., and an ambient humidity of 45-55% to obtain a composite structure;

[0030] (2) The metal buffer layer, the cover plate and the composite structure obtained in step (1) are combined to obtain a welded structure of ceramic and metal; a stainless steel isolation layer is provided between the metal buffer layer and the cover plate, and between the metal buffer layer and the composite structure.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a ceramic-metal welded structure, wherein the welded structure is obtained by welding the ceramic-metal welding method according to the first aspect;

[0032] The welded structure comprises a top cover plate, a top metal buffer layer, a metal material, a nickel film layer, a titanium film layer, a ceramic material, a bottom metal buffer layer and a bottom cover plate which are stacked in sequence.

[0033] The ceramic and metal welding structure provided by the present invention adds a metal buffer layer to the welding structure for multi-layer buffering, so that the material can fully release stress during the welding process, thereby achieving a better welding effect; the nickel film layer and the titanium film layer can effectively reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and increase the roughness of the welding surface, thereby improving the success rate of welding.

[0034] Preferably, stainless steel isolation layers are independently provided between the top cover plate and the top metal buffer layer, between the top metal buffer layer and the metal material, between the ceramic material and the bottom metal buffer layer, and between the bottom metal buffer layer and the bottom cover plate.

[0035] Preferably, the bottom cover plate is a groove structure, the top metal buffer layer, metal material, nickel film layer, titanium film layer, ceramic material and bottom metal buffer layer are embedded in the bottom cover plate, and the edge of the top cover plate overlaps with the edge of the bottom cover plate.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The ceramic and metal welding method provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and the possibility of cracks occurring during the welding process by adding a titanium film and a nickel film with a slightly excessive thickness to the welding surface of the ceramic material, thereby improving the welding success rate. At the same time, the presence of the titanium film and the nickel film can also increase the roughness of the welding surface, thereby improving the firmness of the welding; by reasonably adjusting the welding results, the influence of external factors on the welding process can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the welding success rate; by adopting the diffusion welding technology, the welding success rate can be effectively improved, thereby realizing reliable welding of ceramics and metals; in addition, a metal buffer layer is added to the welding structure to fully release the stress of the material during the welding process, thereby achieving a better welding effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are merely to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal, which includes a top cover plate, a stainless steel isolation layer, a top pure copper buffer layer, a stainless steel isolation layer, a titanium alloy, a nickel film layer, a titanium film layer, an alumina ceramic, a stainless steel isolation layer, a bottom pure copper buffer layer, a stainless steel isolation layer and a bottom cover plate, which are stacked in sequence.

[0041] The bottom cover plate is a groove structure, the top pure copper buffer layer, titanium alloy, nickel film layer, titanium film layer, alumina ceramic and bottom pure copper buffer layer are embedded in the bottom cover plate, and the edge of the top cover plate overlaps with the edge of the bottom cover plate.

[0042] The welded structure is obtained by welding ceramics and metals, and the welding method includes the following steps:

[0043] (1) depositing a 5 μm titanium film on the welding surface of the alumina ceramic, and then depositing a 6 μm nickel film on the side where the titanium film was deposited; then hot isostatic pressing the side where the titanium film and nickel film were deposited with the welding surface of the titanium alloy at a welding temperature of 450° C., a welding pressure of 30 MPa, a welding time of 30 min, an ambient temperature of 20° C., and an ambient humidity of 50% to obtain a composite structure;

[0044] (2) The top cover plate, the bottom cover plate, the top pure copper buffer layer, the bottom pure copper buffer layer, the stainless steel isolation layer and the composite structure obtained in step (1) are combined to obtain a ceramic and metal welded structure.

[0045] The ceramic and metal welded structure obtained in this embodiment has a high welding success rate, good welding firmness and reliability, and can significantly improve welding efficiency.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal, and the structure of the welded structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0048] The welded structure is obtained by welding ceramics and metals, and the welding method includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) depositing a 4 μm titanium film on the welding surface of the alumina ceramic, and then depositing a 2 μm nickel film on the side where the titanium film was deposited; then hot isostatic pressing the side where the titanium film and nickel film were deposited with the welding surface of the titanium alloy at a welding temperature of 350° C., a welding pressure of 50 MPa, a welding time of 25 min, an ambient temperature of 18° C., and an ambient humidity of 55% to obtain a composite structure;

[0050] (2) The top cover plate, the bottom cover plate, the top pure copper buffer layer, the bottom pure copper buffer layer, the stainless steel isolation layer and the composite structure obtained in step (1) are combined to obtain a ceramic and metal welded structure.

[0051] The ceramic and metal welded structure obtained in this embodiment has a high welding success rate, good welding firmness and reliability, and can also improve welding efficiency.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This embodiment provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal, and the structure of the welded structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0054] The welded structure is obtained by welding ceramics and metals, and the welding method includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) depositing a 6 μm titanium film on the welding surface of the alumina ceramic, and then depositing a 10 μm nickel film on the side where the titanium film was deposited; then hot isostatic pressing the side where the titanium film and nickel film were deposited with the welding surface of the titanium alloy at a welding temperature of 550° C., a welding pressure of 10 MPa, a welding time of 35 min, an ambient temperature of 22° C., and an ambient humidity of 45% to obtain a composite structure;

[0056] (2) The top cover plate, the bottom cover plate, the top pure copper buffer layer, the bottom pure copper buffer layer, the stainless steel isolation layer and the composite structure obtained in step (1) are combined to obtain a ceramic and metal welded structure.

[0057] The ceramic and metal welded structure obtained in this embodiment has a high welding success rate, good welding firmness and reliability, and can also improve welding efficiency.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] This embodiment provides a ceramic and metal welded structure. The difference between the welding method of the welded structure and that of embodiment 1 is that, except for adjusting the thickness of the nickel film in step (1) to 1 μm, the rest is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0060] In this embodiment, the nickel film thickness is too small to significantly reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and increase the roughness of the weld surface. The welding success rate of the resulting ceramic-metal welded structure is relatively low, and the weld firmness and reliability are reduced.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] This embodiment provides a ceramic and metal welded structure. The difference between the welding method of the welded structure and that of Example 1 is that, except for adjusting the thickness of the nickel film in step (1) to 12 μm, the rest is the same as that of Example 1.

[0063] In this embodiment, the excessive thickness of the nickel film significantly reduces the brittleness of the ceramic material and increases the roughness of the weld surface, but this affects the subsequent welding effect. The welding success rate of the resulting ceramic-metal welded structure is relatively low, and the weld firmness and reliability are reduced.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] This embodiment provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal. The difference between the welding method of the welded structure and that of Example 1 is that, except for adjusting the welding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) to 300°C, the rest is the same as that of Example 1.

[0066] In this embodiment, since the welding temperature of hot isostatic pressing is too low, the welding firmness and reliability of the welded structure of ceramic and metal will be reduced.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] This embodiment provides a ceramic and metal welded structure. The difference between the welding method of the welded structure and that of embodiment 1 is that, except for adjusting the welding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) to 600°C, the rest is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0069] In this embodiment, since the welding temperature of hot isostatic pressing is too high, the welding firmness and reliability of the welded structure of ceramic and metal will be reduced.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] This embodiment provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal. The difference between the welding method of the welded structure and that of Example 1 is that the ambient temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is adjusted to 10°C and the ambient humidity is adjusted to 60%. The rest is the same as that of Example 1.

[0072] In this embodiment, since the ambient temperature and humidity of hot isostatic pressing welding exceed the specified range, changes in temperature and humidity may adversely affect the welding process, thereby reducing the welding success rate, firmness and reliability of the ceramic and metal welded structure.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] This comparative example provides a ceramic and metal welded structure. The welding method of the welded structure is different from that of Example 1 in that no nickel film is deposited in step (1), and the structure of the obtained welded structure does not have a nickel film layer. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0075] In this comparative example, since no nickel film is deposited, the possibility of cracks occurring during welding is increased, thereby significantly reducing the welding success rate and the welding firmness of the resulting welded structure is also significantly reduced.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] This comparative example provides a ceramic and metal welded structure. The welding method of the welded structure is different from that of Example 1 in that no titanium film is deposited in step (1), and the structure of the obtained welded structure does not contain a titanium film layer. The rest is the same as that of Example 1.

[0078] In this comparative example, since no titanium film is deposited, the possibility of cracks occurring during welding is increased, thereby significantly reducing the welding success rate and the welding firmness of the resulting welded structure is also significantly reduced.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] This comparative example provides a welded structure of ceramic and metal. The welding method of the welded structure is different from that of Example 1 in that the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is adjusted to: welding at room temperature, air atmosphere, pulse width of 300 fs, repetition frequency of 1 MHz, welding speed of 1 mm / s, laser power of 24 W and laser defocus of -200 μm. The rest is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] In this comparative example, laser welding is used, and cracks are likely to occur during the welding process, the welding success rate is significantly reduced, and the welding cost is high.

[0082] In summary, the ceramic and metal welding method provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the brittleness of the ceramic material and reduce the possibility of cracks during welding by adding a titanium film and a nickel film with a slightly excessive thickness on the welding surface of the ceramic material, thereby improving the success rate of welding. At the same time, the presence of the titanium film and the nickel film can also increase the roughness of the welding surface, thereby improving the firmness of the welding; by reasonably adjusting the welding results, the influence of external factors on the welding process can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the success rate of welding; by adopting diffusion welding technology, the success rate of welding can be effectively improved, thereby realizing reliable welding of ceramics and metals; in addition, a metal buffer layer is added to the welding structure so that the material can fully release stress during the welding process, thereby achieving better welding effect.

[0083] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for welding ceramics to metals, characterized in that: The welding method comprises the following steps: (1) depositing a titanium film and a nickel film on the welding surface of the ceramic material in sequence, and then hot isostatically pressing the side on which the titanium film and the nickel film are deposited to the welding surface of the metal material to obtain a composite structure; (2) After combining the metal buffer layer, the cover plate and the composite structure obtained in step (1), a welded structure of ceramic and metal is obtained.

2. The welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ceramic material in step (1) comprises alumina ceramics; Preferably, the thickness of the titanium film in step (1) is 4-6 μm.

3. The welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the nickel film in step (1) is 2-10 μm; Preferably, the metal material in step (1) includes titanium alloy.

4. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The welding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 350-550° C.; Preferably, the welding pressure of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 10-50 MPa; Preferably, the welding time of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 25-35 minutes.

5. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The ambient temperature of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 18-22°C; Preferably, the ambient humidity of the hot isostatic pressing welding in step (1) is 45-55%.

6. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The material of the metal buffer layer in step (2) includes pure copper or pure aluminum.

7. The welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In step (2), a stainless steel isolation layer is provided between the metal buffer layer and the cover plate, and between the metal buffer layer and the composite structure.

8. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein: The welding method comprises the following steps: (1) depositing a 4-6 μm titanium film and a 2-10 μm nickel film on the welding surface of the ceramic material in sequence, and then hot isostatic pressing the side with the titanium film and nickel film deposited to the welding surface of the metal material at a welding temperature of 350-550° C., a welding pressure of 10-50 MPa, a welding time of 25-35 min, an ambient temperature of 18-22° C., and an ambient humidity of 45-55% to obtain a composite structure; (2) The metal buffer layer, the cover plate and the composite structure obtained in step (1) are combined to obtain a welded structure of ceramic and metal; a stainless steel isolation layer is provided between the metal buffer layer and the cover plate, and between the metal buffer layer and the composite structure.

9. A ceramic and metal welded structure, characterized in that: The welded structure is obtained by welding the ceramic and metal welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The welded structure comprises a top cover plate, a top metal buffer layer, a metal material, a nickel film layer, a titanium film layer, a ceramic material, a bottom metal buffer layer and a bottom cover plate which are stacked in sequence.

10. The welded structure according to claim 9, wherein: A stainless steel isolation layer is independently provided between the top cover plate and the top metal buffer layer, between the top metal buffer layer and the metal material, between the ceramic material and the bottom metal buffer layer, and between the bottom metal buffer layer and the bottom cover plate. Preferably, the bottom cover plate is a groove structure, the top metal buffer layer, metal material, nickel film layer, titanium film layer, ceramic material and bottom metal buffer layer are embedded in the bottom cover plate, and the edge of the top cover plate overlaps with the edge of the bottom cover plate.