Formwork device for ship lock dam overhanging and pouring construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy facility engineering, in particular to a formwork device for ship lock dam overhanging and a pouring construction method.The formwork device comprises a first formwork and a plurality of hoisting pipes, the first formwork is obliquely arranged and can be attached to the outer wall face of the dam overhanging, and the hoisting pipes can be buried in the dam overhanging; the lower end of the hoisting pipe abuts against the upper surface of the first formwork, a hoisting mechanism is arranged above the hoisting pipe, a hoisting rope of the hoisting mechanism can penetrate through the hoisting pipe to be connected to the first formwork, and the hoisting mechanism can enable the first formwork to move downwards by lowering the hoisting rope so that demolding can be conducted. According to the formwork device and the corresponding demolding mode, demolding can be achieved without installing a scaffold and arranging a large number of personnel, the demolding procedures are reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy facility engineering, and in particular to a template device and a pouring construction method for cantilevering a ship lock or dam. Background Art

[0002] The crest of a ship lock dam needs to be wide enough to meet the needs of personnel and equipment passing through, while the thickness of the area below the crest, that is, the dam body, usually does not need to reach the width of the dam crest to meet the hydraulic needs. If the upper and lower parts of the dam are designed to be of the same thickness, the thickness of the dam body will inevitably be widened, resulting in an increase in the amount of concrete poured, which will unnecessarily increase the amount of engineering and construction costs. In order to avoid this problem, when designing the dam structure, the dam crest can be designed to be wide enough while maintaining the thickness of the lower dam body. In this way, the outer wall of the dam will present an outward-convex cantilever structure at the dam crest, which can also be called a corbel structure. When the dam is poured as a whole, it is necessary to pre-erect the dam body. An inclined formwork is provided to form the cantilever structure. The formwork is usually a steel formwork. However, when demolding after pouring, since the steel formwork itself has a large dead weight, in order to avoid the risk of the formwork falling after being disconnected from the concrete, it is usually necessary to set up a scaffolding under the cantilever and cooperate with sufficient operators to demold the formwork in sections, and place the disassembled sections of the formwork on the scaffolding for transfer. However, this demolding method requires additional scaffolding installation and a large number of personnel. The demolding process is complicated, which will bring about technical problems of low efficiency and high cost of demolding operation. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the structure of the formwork and the demolding method to solve this technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the technical problems in the prior art of using inclined formwork for casting dam cantilevers, which require additional scaffolding and a large number of personnel for demoulding, resulting in complicated demoulding procedures, low operating efficiency and high costs, and to provide a formwork device and a casting construction method for ship lock dam cantilevers.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a formwork device for a ship lock dam cantilever, comprising a first formwork and a plurality of lifting pipes, wherein the first formwork is arranged at an angle and can be fitted on the outer wall surface of the dam cantilever, the lifting pipes can be buried in the dam cantilever, the lower ends of the lifting pipes abut against the upper surface of the first formwork, a lifting mechanism is provided above the lifting pipe, the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism can pass through the lifting pipe and be connected to the first formwork, and the lifting mechanism can move the first formwork downward for demoulding by lowering the lifting rope.

[0005] The present invention can pre-embed a plurality of lifting pipes on the upper surface of the formwork before the dam cantilever is cast, so that a lifting channel can be reserved for the cantilever after casting. After the dam cantilever is cast and the strength of the concrete meets the requirements, a lifting mechanism is set on the top of the cantilever, and the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism can be connected to the upper surface of the steel formwork along the lifting pipe. During the demoulding process of the steel formwork, an upward force can be applied to the steel formwork to offset a part of the self-weight of the steel formwork, thereby avoiding the safety risk of the steel formwork falling freely downward after being demoulded completely under the action of gravity; during demoulding, By holding the upper edge of the template and lowering the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism, the template can be moved downward under the action of gravity for demoulding. After demoulding, the lifting rope can pull the template while slowly rotating the template downward around the upper edge of the template. When the template is rotated to a vertical state and leaves the range below the cantilever, the template can be lifted to a designated location through the lifting point on the upper edge of the template to complete the demoulding operation. The present invention can realize demoulding without installing scaffolding and equipping a large number of personnel through the template device and the corresponding demoulding method, thereby reducing the demoulding process, reducing construction costs, and improving work efficiency.

[0006] Preferably, a plurality of anchor bars are detachably provided on the upper surface of the first template, and the anchor bars can be buried in the dam cantilever, and the lower ends of the anchor bars extend to the lower surface of the first template.

[0007] In order to keep the steel formwork stable during installation and pouring, and avoid instability such as tipping over after being subjected to concrete pressure, multiple anchor bars can be arranged on the formwork. One end of the anchor bar can pass through the inclined formwork at the cantilever for anchoring, and the other end can be anchored to the formwork on the other side of the inclined formwork. In order to facilitate the demoulding of the inclined first formwork after pouring, the anchor bar can be set perpendicular to the first formwork. The part of the anchor bar passing through the first formwork, that is, the part of the anchor bar located on the lower surface of the first formwork, can be fixed by bolt connection. When demoulding, the bolts can be removed and the part of the anchor bar passing through the lower surface of the first formwork can be cut, so that the formwork can be more easily separated from the anchor bar, and then the first formwork can be demoulded.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a fixing rod and several first cables, wherein the fixing rod is vertically and spaced apart on one side of the upper surface of the first template, one end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the anchor bar, and the other end of the first cable is fixedly connected to the fixing rod.

[0009] In addition to connecting the two side templates through anchor bars as mentioned above, the first formwork can also be fixed before pouring by using a fixing rod + cable. Specifically, one end of the anchor bar is fixed to the first formwork, and the first cable is connected to the other end of the anchor bar and connected to the vertically arranged fixing rod. That is, the first formwork is fixed by the fixing rod + first cable + anchor bar, and the lower part of the fixing rod is buried in the dam body concrete below the cantilever. When pouring the cantilever concrete, the first formwork can rely on the fixing rod + first cable + anchor bar to remain stable when subjected to concrete pressure. The fixing rod, the first cable and the anchor bar can be buried in the cantilever concrete. When demolding, it is only necessary to separate the anchor bar and the first formwork.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of second cables are provided on the other side of the fixing rod relative to the first cables, and the second cables are fixedly connected to the fixing rod.

[0011] In order to enhance the stability of the fixing rod, a second cable can be set on the opposite side of the fixing rod relative to the first cable. One end of the second cable is connected to the fixing rod, and the other end of the second cable can be anchored in the dam concrete, or connected to the formwork on the opposite side of the first formwork. When the fixing rod is subjected to the tension of the first cable, the tension can be transferred to the second cable and the dam concrete or the formwork on the opposite side, which can further share the force, maintain the stability of the fixing rod, and thereby enhance the stability of the first formwork.

[0012] Preferably, the upper edge and lower edge of the first template are respectively connected to the vertically arranged second template and third template, and the third template is provided with a plurality of screws, one end of the screw is connected to the fixed rod, and the other end of the screw is connected to the third template.

[0013] The third formwork is vertically installed below the inclined first formwork to facilitate connection with the vertical wall of the dam body below. The second formwork is vertically installed above the first formwork to cast and form the vertical section of the upper part of the cantilever structure. The third formwork and the fixed rod can be connected by a horizontally set screw. The part of the screw passing through the third formwork can be fixed by a nut. When demolding, the nut also needs to be removed first, and the part of the screw passing through the third formwork must be cut and then demolded.

[0014] Preferably, the first template includes a plurality of sub-templates spliced along the longitudinal direction; the lower surface of the first template is provided with a plurality of transverse ribs and a plurality of longitudinal trusses, and the longitudinal trusses are used to connect the plurality of sub-templates.

[0015] Here, the longitudinal direction is the direction from the bottom to the top of the first formwork, which can also be understood as the direction from the third formwork to the second formwork. The transverse direction is the horizontal direction. The transverse ribs can enhance the rigidity of the first formwork and enhance the compressive resistance of the first formwork when subjected to concrete pressure. The longitudinal truss can connect and fix multiple sub-formworks spliced along the longitudinal direction to form the overall structure of the first formwork. When demolding, the longitudinal trusses and sub-formworks do not need to be disassembled separately, and the first formwork can be disassembled and demolded as a whole.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of working platforms are provided on the lower surface of the first template in the longitudinal direction.

[0017] Multiple working platforms outside the first formwork can be arranged in a stepped manner, and operators can stand on the platforms to perform disassembly operations between the anchor bars and the first formwork. For example, the operator can remove the nuts of the anchor bars on the working platforms, and then cut the part of the anchor bars that passes through the first formwork to facilitate the demolding operation of the formwork.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for casting a ship lock dam cantilever, using the formwork device for the ship lock dam cantilever as described above; the construction method includes a formwork demoulding method, and the formwork demoulding method includes the following steps: S1: setting the lifting mechanism at the top of the dam cantilever, and connecting the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism along the lifting pipe through the dam cantilever to the upper surface of the first formwork; hanging the upper edge of the first formwork; S2: disconnecting the first formwork from the dam cantilever; S3: controlling the lifting mechanism to lower the lifting rope, so that the first formwork rotates downward around the upper edge of the first formwork and separates from the dam cantilever; S4: disconnecting the connection between the lifting mechanism and the first formwork, and moving the first formwork to complete demoulding.

[0019] Preferably, a template installation method is also included, and the template installation method includes the following steps: C1: pre-embedding a fixing rod in the dam body below the cantilever of the dam; C2: installing the sub-templates in sequence from bottom to top, and connecting the anchor bars on each sub-template to the fixing rod through a first cable; connecting a second cable to the other side of the fixing rod relative to the first cable.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a concrete pouring method, which includes: pouring several layers of concrete from bottom to top on the upper surface of the first formwork, vibrating each layer of concrete after pouring, and the thickness of each layer of concrete is less than or equal to 1.5m.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a template device and a pouring construction method for a ship lock dam cantilever. A plurality of lifting pipes are pre-buried on the upper surface of the template before pouring the dam cantilever, so that a lifting channel can be reserved for the cantilever after pouring. After the pouring of the dam cantilever is completed and the strength of the concrete meets the requirements, a lifting mechanism is set on the top of the cantilever. The lifting rope of the lifting mechanism can be connected to the upper surface of the steel template along the lifting pipe. During the demoulding process of the steel template, an upward force can be applied to the steel template to offset a part of the self-weight of the steel template, thereby preventing the steel template from falling freely downward after being demoulded completely under the action of gravity. When demoulding, the template can be moved downward under the action of gravity to demould while holding the upper edge of the template and lowering the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism. After demoulding, the lifting rope can pull the template while slowly rotating it downward around the upper edge of the template. When the template is rotated to a vertical state and leaves the range below the overhang, the template can be lifted to a designated location through the lifting point on the upper edge of the template to complete the demoulding operation. The present invention can realize demoulding without installing scaffolding and equipping a large number of personnel through the template device and the corresponding demoulding method, thereby reducing the demoulding process, reducing construction costs, and improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the template device for cantilevering a ship lock dam according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the demoulding of the template device.

[0024] Markings in the figure: 1. First formwork, 2. Second formwork, 3. Third formwork, 4. Dam cantilever, 5. Lifting pipe, 6. Lifting mechanism, 7. Lifting rope, 8. Anchor bar, 9. Fixing rod, 10. First cable, 11. Second cable, 12. Working platform, 13. Screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments, as all technologies implemented based on the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inside", and "outside", are based on the expressions of the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or positional relationship in which the invented product / device / apparatus is placed when it is conventionally used. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description of the specific embodiments to facilitate the rapid understanding of the scheme by technicians, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simply understood that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", and "parallel", and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0028] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. in the terms are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0029] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several," "plurality," and "a number" represent at least two. It can also be any number such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or even more than nine.

[0030] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified, defined, or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," "connected," "provided with," "laid," and "arranged" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections. They may be welded, riveted, bolted, threaded, or other commonly used connection methods in the art. Such connections may be mechanical, electrical, or communicative; they may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or internally connected between two components.

[0031] Example 1 This embodiment provides a template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a template device for cantilevering a ship lock dam according to the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the demoulding of the template device.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the formwork device for the ship lock dam cantilever described in this embodiment includes a first formwork 1 and a plurality of lifting pipes 5. The first formwork 1 is arranged at an angle and can be fitted on the outer wall surface of the dam cantilever 4. The lifting pipes 5 can be buried in the dam cantilever 4. The lower end of the lifting pipe 5 abuts against the upper surface of the first formwork 1. A lifting mechanism 6 is provided above the lifting pipe 5. The lifting rope 7 of the lifting mechanism 6 can pass through the lifting pipe 5 and be connected to the first formwork 1. The lifting mechanism 6 can move the first formwork 1 downward for demoulding by lowering the lifting rope 7.

[0034] Here, the lifting pipe 5 can be a pipe made of PVC or other materials. The lifting pipe 5 can be set vertically, with the lower end in contact with the upper surface of the first template 1 and the upper end located on the upper surface of the dam cantilever 4. The lifting pipe 5 can form a hollow lifting hole in the cantilever after the concrete of the dam cantilever 4 is poured; the lifting rope 7 can be a steel wire rope, and an automatic connecting mechanism can be set at the lower end of the steel wire rope to facilitate connecting the steel wire rope to the first template 1. The first template 1 is usually a steel template, so the automatic connecting mechanism at the lower end of the steel wire rope can be a magnet or an electromagnet. When the lower end of the steel wire rope approaches the template, the magnet or electromagnet can be adsorbed on the template. Of course, the pulling force required to separate the magnet from the template needs to be greater than the weight of the template, so that all steel When the wire rope hangs the template, the magnet and the template will not separate and cause the template to fall; a hook can also be set on the upper surface of the first template 1, and the hook is located in the lifting tube 5. The lower end of the wire rope is provided with a mechanically triggered hook device (such as a spring-type hook, etc.). The mechanically triggered hook device can be a hook device commonly used in the existing industrial field. When the wire rope is lowered to make the hook at the lower end contact the hook on the template, it can automatically trigger the upper and lower hooks to hook each other for connection, and the effect of connecting the wire rope to the template can also be achieved; of course, the present invention is not limited to the above two connection structures and methods, and other structures and methods that can automatically connect the wire rope to the template are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention can pre-embed a plurality of lifting pipes 5 on the upper surface of the formwork before pouring the dam cantilever 4, so that a lifting channel can be reserved for the cantilever after pouring. After the pouring of the dam cantilever 4 is completed and the strength of the concrete meets the requirements, a lifting mechanism 6 is set on the top of the cantilever, and the lifting rope 7 of the lifting mechanism 6 can be connected to the upper surface of the steel formwork along the lifting pipe 5. During the demoulding process of the steel formwork, an upward force can be applied to the steel formwork to offset a part of the self-gravity of the steel formwork, thereby avoiding the safety risk of the steel formwork falling freely downward after being demoulded completely under the action of gravity; demoulding When the template is lifted up, the lifting rope 7 of the lifting mechanism 6 can be lowered, and the template can be moved downward under the action of gravity to be demoulded. After demoulding, the lifting rope 7 can pull the template while slowly rotating the template downward around the upper edge of the template. When the template is rotated to a vertical state and leaves the range below the cantilever, the template can be lifted to a designated location through the lifting point on the upper edge of the template to complete the demoulding operation. The present invention can achieve the demoulding operation without installing scaffolding and equipping a large number of personnel through the template device and the corresponding demoulding method, thereby reducing the demoulding process, reducing construction costs, and improving work efficiency.

[0036] In this embodiment, a plurality of anchor bars 8 are detachably provided on the upper surface of the first formwork 1 . The anchor bars 8 can be buried in the dam cantilever 4 , and the lower ends of the anchor bars 8 extend to the lower surface of the first formwork 1 .

[0037] In order to keep the steel formwork stable during installation and pouring, and avoid instability such as tipping over after being subjected to concrete pressure, multiple anchor bars 8 can be arranged on the formwork. One end of the anchor bar 8 can pass through the inclined formwork at the cantilever for anchoring, and the other end can be anchored to the formwork on the other side of the inclined formwork; in order to facilitate the demoulding of the inclined first formwork 1 after pouring, the anchor bar 8 can be set perpendicular to the first formwork 1, and the part of the anchor bar 8 passing through the first formwork 1, that is, the part of the anchor bar 8 located on the lower surface of the first formwork 1 can be fixed by bolt connection. When demoulding, the bolts can be removed and the part of the anchor bar 8 passing through the lower surface of the first formwork 1 can be cut, so that the formwork can be more easily separated from the anchor bar 8, and then the first formwork 1 can be demoulded.

[0038] In this embodiment, the formwork device may also include a fixing rod 9 and multiple first cables 10. The fixing rod 9 is vertically and spaced apart on one side of the upper surface of the first formwork 1. One end of the first cable 10 is fixedly connected to the anchor bar 8, and the other end of the first cable 10 is fixedly connected to the fixing rod 9. Here, the fixing rod 9 can be an I-beam, and the first cable 10 can be a structure such as a steel wire rope or a steel chisel.

[0039] In addition to connecting the two side templates through the anchor bars 8 as mentioned above, the first formwork 1 can also be fixed before pouring by using a fixing rod 9 + cable. Specifically, one end of the anchor bar 8 is fixed to the first formwork 1, and the first cable 10 is connected to the other end of the anchor bar 8, and at the same time connected to the vertically arranged fixing rod 9, that is, the first formwork 1 is fixed by the fixing rod 9 + first cable 10 + anchor bar 8, and the lower part of the fixing rod 9 is buried in the dam body concrete below the cantilever. When pouring the cantilever concrete, the first formwork 1 can rely on the fixing rod 9 + first cable 10 + anchor bar 8 to maintain stability when subjected to concrete pressure. The fixing rod 9, the first cable 10 and the anchor bar 8 can be buried in the cantilever concrete. When demolding, it is only necessary to separate the anchor bar 8 and the first formwork 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, a plurality of second cables 11 are provided on the other side of the fixing rod 9 relative to the first cables 10 , and the second cables 11 are fixedly connected to the fixing rod 9 ; here, the second cables 11 may be structures such as steel wire ropes or steel drills.

[0041] In order to enhance the stability of the fixing rod 9, a second cable 11 can be set on the fixing rod 9 on the opposite side of the first cable 10. One end of the second cable 11 is connected to the fixing rod 9, and the other end of the second cable 11 can be anchored in the dam concrete, or connected to the formwork on the opposite side of the first formwork 1. When the fixing rod 9 is subjected to the tension of the first cable 10, the tension can be transferred to the second cable 11 on the opposite side and the dam concrete or the opposite formwork, which can further share the force, maintain the stability of the fixing rod 9, and thereby enhance the stability of the first formwork 1.

[0042] In this embodiment, the upper edge and lower edge of the first template 1 are respectively connected to the vertically arranged second template 2 and third template 3. The third template 3 is provided with a plurality of screws 13, one end of the screw 13 is connected to the fixed rod 9, and the other end of the screw 13 is connected to the third template 3; here, the second template 2 and the third template 3 can also be steel templates.

[0043] The third formwork 3 is vertically installed below the inclined first formwork 1 to facilitate connection with the vertical wall of the dam body below. The second formwork 2 is vertically installed above the first formwork 1 to cast and form a vertical section of the upper part of the cantilever structure; the third formwork 3 and the fixing rod 9 can be connected by a horizontally set screw 13, and the part of the screw 13 passing through the third formwork 3 can be fixed by a nut. When demolding, the nut also needs to be removed first, and the part of the screw 13 passing through the third formwork 3 must be cut and then demolded.

[0044] In this embodiment, the first template 1 includes multiple sub-templates spliced along the longitudinal direction, such as the two shown in the figure; the lower surface of the first template 1 is provided with multiple transverse ribs (not shown in the figure) and multiple longitudinal trusses (not shown in the figure), and the longitudinal trusses are used to fix the multiple sub-templates in connection.

[0045] Here, the longitudinal direction is the direction from the bottom to the top of the first formwork 1, that is, the direction from the third formwork 3 to the second formwork 2, and the transverse direction is the horizontal direction. The transverse ribs can enhance the rigidity of the first formwork 1, and can enhance the compressive resistance of the first formwork 1 when subjected to concrete pressure. The longitudinal truss can connect and fix multiple sub-formworks spliced along the longitudinal direction to form the overall structure of the first formwork 1. When demolding, the longitudinal trusses and sub-formworks do not need to be disassembled separately, and the first formwork 1 can be disassembled and demolded as a whole.

[0046] Optionally, a plurality of working platforms 12 are provided on the lower surface of the first template 1 along the longitudinal direction; the plurality of working platforms 12 on the outside of the first template 1 can be arranged in a stepped manner along the longitudinal direction of the template, and the operator can stand on the platform to perform the disassembly operation between the anchor bar 8 and the first template 1. For example, the operator can remove the nut of the anchor bar 8 on the working platform 12, and then cut the part of the anchor bar 8 passing through the first template 1 to facilitate the demolding operation of the template.

[0047] Example 2 This embodiment provides a cantilever casting construction method for a ship lock dam.

[0048] The pouring construction method for the ship lock dam cantilever described in this embodiment can adopt the template device for the ship lock dam cantilever described in Example 1.

[0049] The pouring construction method includes a formwork demoulding method, which is implemented after the concrete is poured and solidified. The formwork demoulding method includes the following steps: S1: A hoisting mechanism 6 is set at the top of the dam cantilever 4, and the hoisting rope 7 of the hoisting mechanism 6 is connected to the upper surface of the first template 1 along the hoisting pipe 5 through the dam cantilever 4; at the same time, a crane or other mechanism is used to hoist the upper edge of the first template 1.

[0050] S2: Disconnect the connection between the first formwork 1 and the dam cantilever 4. Specifically, remove the nuts installed on the anchor bar 8, and then cut the part of the anchor bar 8 extending to the lower surface of the first formwork 1; disconnect the connection between the second formwork 2 and the third formwork 3 and the concrete. Specifically, remove the nuts on the screw 13, and then cut the part of the screw 13 extending outside the third formwork 3.

[0051] S3: Control the lifting mechanism 6 to lower the lifting rope 7, so that the first template 1 rotates downward around the upper edge of the first template 1 and separates from the dam cantilever 4; Here, while the upper edge of the first formwork 1 is lifted by the crane, the lifting mechanism 6 is controlled to lower the lifting rope 7. Under the action of its own weight, the entire formwork can rotate downward with the upper edge of the first formwork 1 as the axis and be separated from the concrete wall.

[0052] S4: disconnect the connection between the hoisting mechanism 6 and the first template 1, and move the first template 1 to complete demoulding.

[0053] When the template rotates downward and leaves the area below the cantilever, the connection between the lifting mechanism 6 and the first template 1 can be disconnected, and then the crane can be used to lift the upper edge of the first template 1 and move the entire template to the designated area to complete the demoulding operation; here, there are many ways to disconnect the connection between the lifting mechanism 6 and the first template 1. For example, if the lower end of the lifting rope 7 is an electromagnet, the electromagnet can be powered off and lose its magnetism, and the lifting rope 7 can be separated from the template; if the lower end of the lifting rope 7 is a hook, if the hook at the lower end of the lifting rope 7 can be controlled to separate from the hook on the template, the lifting rope 7 can also be separated from the template; if the hook of the lifting rope 7 cannot be controlled to separate from the hook of the template, the lifting rope 7 can also be cut off at the top of the dam, so that the lifting rope 7 remains connected to the template while the lifting mechanism 6 is separated from the template, and the overall demoulding of the template is not affected.

[0054] It should be noted that if a third formwork 3 is connected to the bottom of the first formwork 1, and the third formwork 3 is connected to the concrete by a horizontally arranged screw 13, then when the connection between the first formwork 1 and the concrete is disconnected, simply cutting off the part of the screw 13 extending to the outside of the third formwork 3 cannot make the third formwork 3 rotate downward and demould along with the first formwork 1 as a whole. The reason is that the remaining part of the screw 13 is inserted into the third formwork 3, which will form a limiting effect on the third formwork 3, preventing the third formwork 3 from moving diagonally downward, and the first formwork 1 will also be unable to rotate downward due to the interference of the third formwork 3. To solve this problem, an additional platform can be added below the lower working platform 12 shown in the accompanying drawings, and the platform can be fixedly connected to the existing lower working platform 12. The operator is arranged on the newly added lowest platform, and the third formwork 3 is first demoulded separately through manual operation. After the third formwork 3 is demoulded, the first formwork 1 will not be interfered with. Then the first formwork 1 and the second formwork 2 can be demoulded according to the above method.

[0055] In this embodiment, the pouring construction method also includes a formwork installation method. The formwork installation method is implemented before concrete pouring and includes the following steps: C1: Pre-embed a fixing rod 9 in the dam body below the dam overhang 4; The fixing rod 9 can be pre-buried before the lower dam body is poured. After the dam body concrete is poured, the lower part of the fixing rod 9 can be buried in the concrete for fixation.

[0056] C2: Install the sub-forms from bottom to top in sequence, and connect the anchor bars 8 and the fixing rods 9 on each sub-form through the first cables 10; connect the second cables 11 to the fixing rods 9 on the other side of the first cables 10.

[0057] The sub-forms can be assembled at the construction site to form the first formwork 1, or the first formwork 1 (sub-formwork, anchor bars 8, longitudinal trusses, working platform 12, etc.) can be prefabricated as a whole in the factory and then transported to the construction site and connected to the fixing rod 9 via the first cable 10.

[0058] In this embodiment, the pouring construction method also includes a concrete pouring method, which is carried out after the formwork is installed and before the formwork is demolded. The concrete pouring method includes: pouring multiple layers of concrete from bottom to top onto the upper surface of the first formwork 1, vibrating each layer of concrete after pouring, and the thickness of each layer of concrete is less than or equal to 1.5m.

[0059] Each pour is performed in layers, 30cm thick, starting from the corbels toward the center of the silo. Concrete is vibrated using a 70-type insert vibrator, with movement intervals no greater than 1.5 times the vibration radius. When vibrating concrete near the side forms, the vibrator rod should be kept 5cm to 10cm away from the formwork (no more than 10cm), and should not directly contact the formwork or reinforced structures such as anchor bars and cables. The concrete vibration depth should generally not exceed 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the rod's length, and the rod should be inserted 5cm to 10cm into the concrete. After each vibrating section, the vibrator rod should be slowly withdrawn while vibrating. The principle of "fast insertion and slow withdrawal" should be followed during construction. The vibration time at a particular location should be neither too short nor too long. Too short a time results in insufficient compaction of the concrete, while too long a time results in segregation. The typical vibration time is 20-30 seconds, with a minimum of 10 seconds permitted. Each location must be vibrated to achieve compaction. The sign of compaction is that the concrete stops sinking, no longer emits bubbles, and the surface is flat.

[0060] In summary, the present invention provides a formwork device and a pouring construction method for a ship lock dam cantilever. By pre-embedding a plurality of lifting pipes on the upper surface of the formwork before pouring the dam cantilever, a lifting channel can be reserved for the cantilever after pouring. After the pouring of the dam cantilever is completed and the strength of the concrete meets the requirements, a lifting mechanism is set on the top of the cantilever. The lifting rope of the lifting mechanism can be connected to the upper surface of the steel formwork along the lifting pipe. During the demoulding process of the steel formwork, an upward force can be applied to the steel formwork to offset a part of the self-weight of the steel formwork, thereby preventing the steel formwork from falling downward after being completely demoulded under the action of gravity. There is a safety risk caused by falling; when demoulding, the template can be moved downward under the action of gravity to be demoulded by lowering the lifting rope of the lifting mechanism while holding the upper edge of the template. After demoulding, the lifting rope can pull the template while slowly rotating it downward around the upper edge of the template. When the template is rotated to a vertical state and leaves the range below the cantilever, the template can be lifted to a designated location through the lifting point on the upper edge of the template to complete the demoulding operation; the present invention can achieve demoulding without installing scaffolding and equipping a large number of personnel through the template device and the corresponding demoulding method, thereby reducing the demoulding process, reducing construction costs, and improving work efficiency.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first template (1) and a plurality of hanging pipes (5), wherein the first template (1) is arranged at an angle and can be fitted on the outer wall surface of the dam cantilever (4), the hanging pipes (5) can be buried in the dam cantilever (4), the lower ends of the hanging pipes (5) are in contact with the upper surface of the first template (1), a hanging mechanism (6) is provided above the hanging pipes (5), a hanging rope (7) of the hanging mechanism (6) can pass through the hanging pipes (5) and be connected to the first template (1), and the hanging mechanism (6) can move the first template (1) downward by lowering the hanging rope (7) for demoulding.

2. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the first template (1) is detachably provided with a plurality of anchor bars (8), the anchor bars (8) can be buried in the dam cantilever (4), and the lower ends of the anchor bars (8) extend to the lower surface of the first template (1).

3. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a fixing rod (9) and a plurality of first cables (10), wherein the fixing rod (9) is vertically and spaced apart on one side of the upper surface of the first template (1), one end of the first cable (10) is fixedly connected to the anchor bar (8), and the other end of the first cable (10) is fixedly connected to the fixing rod (9).

4. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of second cables (11) are provided on the other side of the fixing rod (9) relative to the first cable (10), and the second cables (11) are fixedly connected to the fixing rod (9).

5. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper edge and lower edge of the first template (1) are respectively connected to a second template (2) and a third template (3) which are arranged vertically. The third template (3) is provided with a plurality of screw rods (13), one end of the screw rod (13) is connected to the fixing rod (9), and the other end of the screw rod (13) is connected to the third template (3).

6. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first template (1) comprises a plurality of sub-templates spliced longitudinally; a lower surface of the first template (1) is provided with a plurality of transverse ribs and a plurality of longitudinal trusses, and the longitudinal trusses are used to connect the plurality of sub-templates.

7. The template device for cantilevering a ship lock or dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A plurality of working platforms (12) are provided on the lower surface of the first template (1) along the longitudinal direction.

8. A method for pouring a cantilevered ship lock dam, characterized in that: The template device for cantilevering a ship lock dam according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used; the construction method includes a template demoulding method, and the template demoulding method includes the following steps: S1: Arrange the hoisting mechanism (6) on the top of the dam cantilever (4), connect the hoisting rope (7) of the hoisting mechanism (6) along the hoisting pipe (5) through the dam cantilever (4) to the upper surface of the first template (1); and hang the upper edge of the first template (1); S2: disconnecting the connection between the first template (1) and the dam cantilever (4); S3: controlling the hoisting mechanism (6) to lower the hoisting rope (7), so that the first template (1) rotates downward around the upper edge of the first template (1) and separates from the dam cantilever (4); S4: disconnecting the connection between the hoisting mechanism (6) and the first template (1), and moving the first template (1) to complete demoulding.

9. The method for pouring and constructing a cantilevered ship lock dam according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also included is a template installation method, which includes the following steps: C1: pre-embedded fixing rods (9) in the dam body below the dam cantilever (4); C2: The sub-forms are installed sequentially from bottom to top, and the anchor bars (8) on each sub-form are connected to the fixing rod (9) via a first cable (10); and a second cable (11) is connected to the fixing rod (9) on the other side relative to the first cable (10).

10. The method for pouring and constructing a cantilevered ship lock dam according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also included is a concrete pouring method, the concrete pouring method comprising: Several layers of concrete are poured from bottom to top onto the upper surface of the first formwork (1), and each layer of concrete is vibrated after pouring, with the thickness of each layer of concrete being less than or equal to 1.5 m.

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