Triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit and method

Abstract

The application discloses a triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit and method, and relates to the technical field of energy collection and conversion. The method comprises the following steps: a voltage attenuation stage circuit is used to attenuate the voltage signal of a TENG sensor through a voltage attenuation stage, to determine a first voltage; a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage, to obtain a first output voltage; an I / V conversion stage circuit is used to convert the current signal of the TENG sensor into a second voltage, and a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the second voltage, to obtain a second output voltage; a Q / V conversion stage circuit is used to store the charge signal of the TENG sensor in a second capacitor, to determine a third voltage according to the Q / V conversion stage, and a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the third voltage, to obtain a third output voltage. The application improves the precision of measuring voltage signals, current signals and charge signals.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of triboelectric nanogenerator and electronic circuit design and signal processing, in particular to a method and device for characterizing voltage, current and charge signals of a triboelectric nanogenerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new self-powered sensing technology that has shown great potential in low-cost, high-adaptability and flexible application scenarios. The working principle of TENG is based on the triboelectric effect, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, outputting current, voltage and charge signals. However, in practical applications, the signals output by TENG usually have the following characteristics:

[0003] Weak signal strength: The current and voltage signals output by TENG are usually weak and have high impedance, making it difficult to be directly used for measurement and application.

[0004] Multiple signal types: TENG can output voltage, current and charge signals, but the characterization and measurement methods of different types of signals are different. TENG output signals have high output impedance, high output voltage and relatively weak current and charge, which limits its large-scale application as a sensor.

[0005] High measurement accuracy requirement: In sensing applications, it is necessary to accurately measure the output signals of TENG to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the signals.

[0006] Currently, some solutions have been proposed, such as converting the high-impedance weak current signal of TENG into a low-impedance low-voltage signal through an I / V conversion circuit, or converting the charge signal into a voltage signal using a virtual ground circuit and a capacitor. In addition, some researches store the charge of TENG in a capacitor through a charge transfer process, thereby realizing the characterization of the charge signal. However, the existing technologies still have some limitations in processing TENG signals. For example, due to the high input impedance of the measurement circuit, the signal may be distorted; or in charge signal measurement, the waveform protection is insufficient, affecting the measurement accuracy. Therefore, a circuit device and method capable of simultaneously characterizing TENG voltage, current and charge signals is needed to realize high-precision, low-impedance signal measurement and meet the processing needs of different types of signals. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit and method, which solves the problem of low measurement accuracy of different types of signals.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the application provides a triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit, comprising:

[0010] The voltage measurement circuit comprises a voltage attenuation stage circuit and a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the voltage attenuation stage circuit is configured to attenuate the voltage signal of the TENG sensor through the voltage attenuation stage, determine a first voltage, and input the first voltage into the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is configured to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage; and the first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal.

[0011] The current measurement circuit comprises an I / V conversion stage circuit and a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the I / V conversion stage circuit is configured to convert the current signal of the TENG sensor into a second voltage, and input the second voltage into the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit is configured to adjust the signal amplitude of the second voltage to obtain a second output voltage; and the second output voltage is used to characterize the current signal.

[0012] The charge measurement circuit comprises a Q / V conversion stage circuit and a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the Q / V conversion stage circuit is configured to store the charge signal of the TENG sensor in a second capacitor, determine a third voltage according to the Q / V conversion stage, and input the third voltage into the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit is configured to adjust the signal amplitude of the third voltage to obtain a third output voltage; and the third output voltage is used to characterize the charge signal.

[0013] The circuit structures of the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit, the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit, and the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit are the same.

[0014] Optionally, the voltage attenuation stage circuit specifically comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier; one end of the first capacitor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier, the first resistor, and the second capacitor; the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the positive end of the TENG sensor.

[0015] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier and the second resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top end of the first amplifier.

[0016] One end of the third resistor is connected with the positive end of the first amplifier and the third capacitor; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the power supply voltage or the ground.

[0017] One end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive end of the first amplifier and the positive end of the second amplifier; the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the ground.

[0018] Optionally, the I / V conversion stage circuit specifically comprises: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier and a second amplifier; one end of the second capacitor is connected with the first resistor, the fourth resistor and the negative end of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the top end of the first amplifier;

[0019] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top end of the first amplifier;

[0020] One end of the fourth resistor is connected with one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier;

[0021] One end of the third resistor is connected with the power supply voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the positive end of the first amplifier and the positive end of the second amplifier.

[0022] Optionally, the Q / V conversion stage circuit specifically comprises: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier and a second amplifier; one end of the second capacitor is connected with the first resistor, the fourth resistor and the negative end of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the top end of the first amplifier;

[0023] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top end of the first amplifier;

[0024] One end of the fourth resistor is connected with one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the negative end of the first amplifier;

[0025] One end of the third resistor is connected with the power supply voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the positive end of the first amplifier and the positive end of the second amplifier.

[0026] Optionally, the voltage amplitude adjustment stage comprises: a feedback resistor, a second resistor and a third amplifier; one end of the second resistor is connected with the second capacitor, the first resistor and the first amplifier; or the first resistor and the top end of the second amplifier; the other end of the second resistor is connected with the feedback resistor

[0027] One end of the feedback resistor is connected to the second resistor and the negative terminal of the third amplifier; the other end of the feedback resistor is connected to the top of the third amplifier.

[0028] Optionally, the voltage attenuation stage circuit includes a voltage attenuation stage; the I / V conversion stage generates a voltage opposite to the current output by the TENG sensor.

[0029] Secondly, this application provides a signal characterization circuit method for a triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising:

[0030] Based on the voltage measurement circuit, the voltage is attenuated by a voltage attenuation stage to determine a first voltage, and the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage; the first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal.

[0031] Based on the current measurement circuit, the current is converted into a second voltage, and the signal amplitude of the second voltage is adjusted by the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a second output voltage; the second output voltage represents the current signal.

[0032] Based on the charge measurement circuit, the charge is converted into a third voltage, and the signal amplitude of the third voltage is adjusted by the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a third output voltage; the third output voltage represents the charge signal.

[0033] Optionally, utilize Determine the differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; where V in Voc is the differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; Cs is the voltage signal output by the TENG sensor; Cs is the capacitance in the equivalent circuit model of the TENG sensor; C1 is the first capacitor.

[0034] When C1 << 2Cs, utilize Determine the first voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; where V0 is the first voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; C2 is the second capacitor; and S is the complex frequency variable; The effect of C1 on the source voltage of the TENG sensor; R1 is the attenuation factor; R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor.

[0035] The first voltage is adjusted according to the voltage amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the first output voltage; where V out Rf is the first output voltage; Rf is the feedback resistor in the voltage amplitude adjustment stage.

[0036] Optionally, utilize Determine the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; where, ISC R1 represents the current flowing into the first and second amplifiers; R4 represents the resistance value of the fourth resistor.

[0037] According to the I / V conversion stage, the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier flows into the first resistor, utilizing... Determine the second voltages output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; where V0 is the second voltage of the first amplifier and the second amplifier; and R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor.

[0038] The second voltage is adjusted according to the current amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the second output voltage; where V out This is the second output voltage; R f This refers to the feedback resistor in the first and second amplifiers.

[0039] Optionally, utilize Determine the charge flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; where Q SC The charge of the first amplifier and the second amplifier;

[0040] The TENG sensor stores the charge of the first and second amplifiers in the second capacitor, utilizing... Determine the third voltage at which the charge is transferred to the second capacitor;

[0041] The third voltage is adjusted according to the charge amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the third output voltage; where V out This is the third output voltage.

[0042] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects:

[0043] This application provides a signal characterization circuit and method for triboelectric nanogenerators. By reducing the impedance of the measurement circuit, the signal distortion problem is solved. The measurement circuit includes a voltage measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, and a charge measurement circuit. Before the signal enters the voltage amplitude adjustment stage, the input signal amplitude is reduced by an attenuation stage. The voltage divider structure of the TENG sensor actively reduces the load effect on the signal source, avoiding signal distortion caused by high input impedance. The current signal is converted into a voltage signal by an amplifier with low input impedance, solving the problem of current signal measurement distortion caused by high impedance. When measuring the charge signal using the charge measurement circuit, an amplifier is used to construct a Q / V conversion stage, avoiding insufficient waveform protection in charge signal measurement and improving the accuracy of measuring voltage, current, and charge signals. Attached Figure Description

[0044] In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application. Based on these drawings, other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 The equivalent circuit model schematic diagram of the TENG single-end output provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 2 The flowchart schematic diagram of a friction nanogenerator signal characterization circuit in an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 3 The equivalent circuit model schematic diagram of the TENG differential output provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 4 The TENG voltage measurement circuit schematic diagram based on the principle of capacitive coupling provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 5 The TENG current measurement circuit schematic diagram based on I / V conversion provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 6 The TENG charge schematic diagram based on Q / V conversion provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only constitute some embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0052] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0053] The equivalent circuit model of the TENG sensor is shown in Figure 1 The capacitor Cs and the voltage source Voc in the circuit model represent the inherent capacitance and open-circuit voltage of the TENG sensor, respectively. The circuit shown in Figure 3 is proposed. Since the circuit adopts the form of full-differential amplification, the equivalent circuit model of the TENG sensor needs to be converted into the differential output model shown in Figure 3 , and Vcom represents the common-mode voltage.

[0054] As Figure 2 shown in the embodiments of the application, a friction nanogenerator signal characterization circuit is provided, specifically as follows.

[0055] The voltage measurement circuit includes a voltage attenuation stage circuit and a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the voltage attenuation stage circuit is used to attenuate the voltage signal of the TENG sensor through the voltage attenuation stage, determine a first voltage, and input the first voltage into the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage; and the first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal.

[0056] The current measurement circuit includes an I / V conversion stage circuit and a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the I / V conversion stage circuit is used to convert the current signal of the TENG sensor into a second voltage, and input the second voltage into the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the second voltage to obtain a second output voltage; and the second output voltage is used to characterize the current signal.

[0057] The charge measurement circuit includes a Q / V conversion stage circuit and a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the Q / V conversion stage circuit is used to store the charge signal of the TENG sensor in a second capacitor, determine a third voltage according to the Q / V conversion stage, and input the third voltage into the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the third voltage to obtain a third output voltage; and the third output voltage is used to characterize the charge signal.

[0058] The circuit structures of the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit, the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit, and the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit are the same.

[0059] Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the voltage attenuation stage circuit specifically includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier.

[0060] One end of the first capacitor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier, the first resistor, and the second capacitor; and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the positive terminal of the TENG sensor.

[0061] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier and the second resistor; and the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top terminal of the first amplifier.

[0062] One end of the third resistor is connected with the positive terminal of the first amplifier and the third capacitor; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the power voltage; or the other end of the third resistor is connected with the ground.

[0063] One end of the third capacitor is connected with the positive terminal of the first amplifier and the positive terminal of the second amplifier; the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the ground.

[0064] Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the I / V conversion stage circuit specifically comprises: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier and a second amplifier.

[0065] One end of the second capacitor is connected with the first resistor, the fourth resistor and the negative terminal of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the top terminal of the first amplifier.

[0066] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top terminal of the first amplifier.

[0067] One end of the fourth resistor is connected with one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier.

[0068] One end of the third resistor is connected with the power voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the positive terminal of the first amplifier and the positive terminal of the second amplifier.

[0069] Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the Q / V conversion stage circuit specifically comprises: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier and a second amplifier.

[0070] One end of the second capacitor is connected with the first resistor, the fourth resistor and the negative terminal of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the top terminal of the first amplifier.

[0071] One end of the first resistor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected with the top terminal of the first amplifier.

[0072] One end of the fourth resistor is connected with one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the negative terminal of the first amplifier.

[0073] One end of the third resistor is connected with the power voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected with the positive terminal of the first amplifier and the positive terminal of the second amplifier.

[0074] Further, in one exemplary embodiment, the voltage amplitude adjustment stage comprises a feedback resistor, a second resistor and a third amplifier.

[0075] One end of the second resistor is connected to the second capacitor, the first resistor and the first amplifier; or the first resistor is connected to the top end of the second amplifier; the other end of the second resistor is connected to the feedback resistor.

[0076] One end of the feedback resistor is connected to the second resistor and the negative end of the third amplifier; the other end of the feedback resistor is connected to the top end of the third amplifier.

[0077] Further, in one exemplary embodiment, the voltage attenuation stage circuit comprises a voltage attenuation stage; the I / V conversion stage generates a voltage opposite to the current output by the TENG sensor.

[0078] Further, in one exemplary embodiment, the Q / V conversion stage circuit comprises a Q / V conversion stage; the Q / V conversion stage generates a voltage opposite to the charge input by the TENG sensor.

[0079] In another aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for characterizing a triboelectric nanogenerator signal circuit, which is specifically described as follows.

[0080] S1: based on a voltage measurement circuit, attenuating the voltage through a voltage attenuation stage to determine a first voltage, and adjusting the signal amplitude of the first voltage by using a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a first output voltage; the first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal.

[0081] S2: based on a current measurement circuit, converting the current into a second voltage, and adjusting the signal amplitude of the second voltage by using a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a second output voltage; the second output voltage characterizes the current signal.

[0082] S3: based on a charge measurement circuit, converting the charge into a third voltage, and adjusting the signal amplitude of the third voltage by using a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a third output voltage; the third output voltage characterizes the charge signal.

[0083] Further, in one exemplary embodiment, step S1 can be replaced by the following steps.

[0084] S101: using to determine the differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; wherein, V in is the differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; Voc is the voltage signal output by the TENG sensor; Cs is the capacitance in the equivalent circuit model of the TENG sensor; C1 is the first capacitor.

[0085] S102: when C1 << 2Cs, using determining a first voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; wherein, V0 is the first voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; C2 is the second capacitor; S is a complex frequency variable; C1 is the influence on the source voltage of the TENG sensor; is the attenuation multiple; R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor.

[0086] S103: adjusting the first voltage according to the voltage amplitude adjustment stage, using determining a first output voltage; wherein, V out is the first output voltage; Rf is a feedback resistor in the voltage amplitude adjustment stage.

[0087] As Figure 4 shown, the TENG voltage measurement circuit based on the principle of capacitive coupling includes a voltage attenuation stage and an amplitude adjustment stage, wherein the voltage attenuation stage is composed of amplifiers A1, A2 and passive devices capacitors C1, C2, C3 and resistors R1, R3, and the amplitude adjustment stage is composed of an amplifier A3 and resistors R2, Rf.

[0088] When measuring voltage, the (Triboelectric Nanogenerator, TENG) number in the wide voltage range is first attenuated to the power supply voltage range through the voltage attenuation stage, R3 and C3 provide a static DC bias point for the operational amplifier, R1 provides DC negative feedback, and C1 and C2 act as a sampling and feedback network to attenuate the output voltage of the TENG sensor; then the differential voltage output after the voltage attenuation stage is adjusted to a larger swing through the amplitude adjustment stage to avoid errors caused by low ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) sampling bits.

[0089] Then, due to the action of the operational amplifier negative feedback, the negative input terminals of A1 and A2 can be considered as virtual ground, so the input impedance of the measurement circuit is 1 / (SC1), considering the influence of the coupling capacitor C1, the differential voltage of the input measurement circuit is calculated; when C1 << 2Cs, it can be considered that C1 has little influence on the source output of the TENG device. For example, when Cs is 500pF and C1 is 10pF, the error between the differential voltage of the input measurement circuit and the source voltage of the TENG device can be obtained as about 1%.

[0090] The first part of the formula 2Cs / (2CS+C1) reflects the influence of C1 on the source voltage of the TENG device, the second part C1 / C2 represents the attenuation multiple, and the last part SR1C2 / (1+SR1C2) represents a high-pass corner formed by the influence of R1 and C2, and the high-pass corner frequency is:

[0091]

[0092] A1 and A2 output differential voltage after the second part of the signal swing adjustment stage, the output voltage is obtained, so that the last output voltage to achieve TENG output voltage signal measurement.

[0093] Further, in one exemplary embodiment, step S2 can be replaced by the following steps.

[0094] S201: using determining the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; wherein I SC is the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; R4 is the resistance value of the fourth resistance.

[0095] S202: according to the I / V conversion stage, the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier flows into the first resistance, using determining the second voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; wherein V0 is the second voltage of the first amplifier and the second amplifier; R1 is the resistance value of the first resistance.

[0096] S203: according to the current amplitude adjustment stage, adjusting the second voltage, using determining the second output voltage; wherein V out is the second output voltage; R f is the feedback resistance in the first amplifier and the second amplifier.

[0097] As Figure 5 shown, the I / V conversion based TENG current measurement circuit is shown, the circuit comprises: I / V conversion stage and amplitude adjustment stage, wherein I / V conversion stage is composed of amplifier A1, A2 and its passive devices capacitor C1, C2 and resistance R1, R3, R4, amplitude adjustment stage is composed of amplifier A3, resistance R2, Rf.

[0098] When measuring current, the current is first converted to voltage using an I / V conversion stage, and then the signal swing is adjusted using an output signal amplitude adjustment stage. The I / V conversion stage mainly consists of operational amplifiers A1 and A2 and surrounding passive components. The TENG current flowing into resistor R1 generates a voltage opposite to the input current, thus achieving the I / V conversion. To ensure loop stability, capacitor C2 provides lead compensation, and current-limiting resistor R4 improves the loop's phase margin by introducing a current-limiting zero. However, it's important to note that the value of R4 will affect the accuracy of the I / V conversion; when C2 is set small, R4 can be set to 0Ω. The output signal amplitude adjustment stage is used to adjust the output signal swing to meet the needs of practical applications. In the specific measurement process, the current flowing into the virtual points of the negative terminals of A1 and A2 and the output voltages of A1 and A2 are calculated. After passing through the output signal amplitude adjustment stage, the output voltage is obtained, thus representing the TENG output current signal.

[0099] Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment, step S3 can be replaced by the following steps.

[0100] S301: Exploit Determine the charge flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; where Q SC The charge is the charge of the first amplifier and the second amplifier.

[0101] S302: Based on the TENG sensor, the charges of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are stored in the second capacitor, utilizing... Determine the third voltage at which the charge is transferred to the second capacitor.

[0102] S303: Adjusts the third voltage according to the charge amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the third output voltage; where V out This is the third output voltage.

[0103] like Figure 6 As shown, the TENG charge based on Q / V conversion includes a Q / V conversion stage and an amplitude adjustment stage. The Q / V conversion stage consists of amplifiers A1 and A2 and their passive components capacitors C1 and C2 and resistors R1, R3 and R4. The amplitude adjustment stage consists of amplifier A3 and resistors R2 and Rf.

[0104] When measuring the voltage, the charge Qsc of the TENG is stored in the capacitor C2 through the charge transfer process, generating a voltage opposite to the input charge polarity, thereby realizing the Q / V conversion. The feedback mechanism of operational amplifiers A1 and A2 ensures the normal conversion and stability of the signal. This process generates an output signal proportional to the amount of TENG charge. Then, the second part of the circuit, the output signal amplitude adjustment stage, adjusts the output signal swing by adjusting the gain of A3.

[0105] Then, R4 is used to limit the current, ensuring the stability of the loop and avoiding errors caused by fluctuations in the charge. Finally, the output signal is adjusted in amplitude to obtain an output voltage that meets the measurement requirements.

[0106] The charge flowing into the virtual ground of the negative terminals of A1 and A2 is calculated, and the output voltage generated after the charge is transferred to C2 is obtained. After the output signal swing adjustment stage, the output voltage is obtained, and the representation of the TENG output charge signal is realized through the final output voltage.

[0107] Compared with existing TENG output signal measurement circuits, the triboelectric nanogenerator signal representation circuit has the following advantages:

[0108] (1) High input impedance: The voltage signal of the TENG is measured using a capacitance-coupled instrument amplifier, and the input impedance is determined by the capacitance parameter. The capacitance can be as low as 10 pF or less, which is much smaller than the inherent internal capacitance of the TENG.

[0109] (2) Full differential structure: The electromagnetic interference signals coupled to the TENG electrodes and wires can be considered as common-mode signals, and the full differential circuit has a high common-mode rejection ratio. In addition, the error introduced by the input bias current can also be considered as a common-mode signal without affecting the output. At the same time, the error output caused by the input bias current and the non-ideal factors of the operational amplifier is a direct current signal, so it can be eliminated after sampling and processing by the ADC.

[0110] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not contradict, they should be considered within the scope of the present application.

[0111] In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation and application range will be changed. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A signal characterization circuit for a triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, include: Voltage measurement circuit, current measurement circuit, and charge measurement circuit; The voltage measurement circuit includes a voltage attenuation stage circuit and a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; The voltage attenuation stage circuit is used to attenuate the voltage signal of the TENG sensor through the voltage attenuation stage to determine a first voltage, and input the first voltage to the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage; The first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal; The voltage attenuation stage circuit specifically includes: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier; One end of the first capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier, the first resistor, and the second capacitor; the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the TENG sensor. One end of the first resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier; the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the top of the first amplifier. One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the first amplifier and the third capacitor; the other end of the third resistor is connected to the power supply voltage; or the other end of the third resistor is connected to ground. One end of the third capacitor is connected to the positive terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier; the other end of the third capacitor is connected to ground. The current measurement circuit includes an I / V conversion stage circuit and a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the I / V conversion stage circuit is used to convert the current signal of the TENG sensor into a second voltage, and input the second voltage into the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit; the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the second voltage to obtain a second output voltage; the second output voltage is used to characterize the current signal. The I / V conversion stage circuit specifically includes: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier; One end of the second capacitor is connected to the first resistor, the fourth resistor, and the negative terminal of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the top of the first amplifier. One end of the first resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected to the top of the first amplifier. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier. One end of the third resistor is connected to the power supply voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier. The charge measurement circuit includes a Q / V conversion stage circuit and a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit. The Q / V conversion stage circuit stores the charge signal from the TENG sensor in a second capacitor, determines a third voltage based on the Q / V conversion stage, and inputs the third voltage to the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit. The charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit adjusts the signal amplitude of the third voltage to obtain a third output voltage. The third output voltage is used to characterize the charge signal. The Q / V conversion stage circuit specifically includes: a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a first amplifier, and a second amplifier; One end of the second capacitor is connected to the first resistor, the fourth resistor, and the negative terminal of the first amplifier; the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the top of the first amplifier. One end of the first resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier and the fourth resistor; the other end of the first resistor is connected to the top of the first amplifier. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the TENG sensor; the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first amplifier. One end of the third resistor is connected to the power supply voltage; the other end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier. The voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit, the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit, and the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit have the same circuit structure.

2. The signal characterization circuit of the triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit includes: a feedback resistor, a second resistor, and a third amplifier; One end of the second resistor is connected to the second capacitor, and the first resistor is connected to the first amplifier; or the first resistor is connected to the top of the second amplifier; the other end of the second resistor is connected to the feedback resistor. One end of the feedback resistor is connected to the second resistor and the negative terminal of the third amplifier; the other end of the feedback resistor is connected to the top of the third amplifier.

3. The signal characterization circuit of the triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage attenuation stage circuit includes a voltage attenuation stage; the I / V conversion stage generates a voltage opposite to the current output by the TENG sensor.

4. The signal characterization circuit of the triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Q / V conversion stage circuit includes a Q / V conversion stage; the Q / V conversion stage generates a voltage opposite to the charge input to the TENG sensor.

5. A method for signal characterization circuitry of a triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, The triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit method is applied to the triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, and the triboelectric nanogenerator signal characterization circuit method includes: Based on the voltage measurement circuit, the voltage is attenuated by a voltage attenuation stage to determine a first voltage, and the voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit is used to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage; the first output voltage is used to characterize the voltage signal. Based on the current measurement circuit, the current is converted into a second voltage, and the signal amplitude of the second voltage is adjusted by the current amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a second output voltage; the second output voltage represents the current signal. Based on the charge measurement circuit, the charge is converted into a third voltage, and the signal amplitude of the third voltage is adjusted by the charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a third output voltage; the third output voltage represents the charge signal.

6. The signal characterization circuit method for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, based on a voltage measurement circuit, attenuates the voltage through a voltage attenuation stage to determine a first voltage, and uses a voltage amplitude adjustment stage circuit to adjust the signal amplitude of the first voltage to obtain a first output voltage, specifically including: use Determine the differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; where V in The differential voltage of the voltage measurement circuit; V oc C is the voltage signal output by the TENG sensor. s C1 represents the capacitor in the equivalent circuit model of the TENG sensor; C2 is the first capacitor. When C1<<2C s At that time, utilize The first voltages output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier are determined respectively; where V0 is the first voltage output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier respectively; C2 is the second capacitor; and S is the complex frequency variable. The effect of C1 on the source voltage of the TENG sensor; R1 is the attenuation factor; R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor. The first voltage is adjusted according to the voltage amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the first output voltage; where V out R is the first output voltage; f This is the feedback resistor in the voltage amplitude adjustment stage.

7. The method for signal characterization circuit of triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the current measurement circuit, the current is converted into a second voltage, and the signal amplitude of the second voltage is adjusted using a current amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a second output voltage, specifically including: use Determine the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; where I SC R1 represents the current flowing into the first and second amplifiers; R4 represents the resistance value of the fourth resistor. According to the I / V conversion stage, the current flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier flows into the first resistor, utilizing... The second voltages output by the first amplifier and the second amplifier are determined respectively; where V0 is the second voltage of the first amplifier and the second amplifier; and R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor. The second voltage is adjusted according to the current amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the second output voltage; where, This is the second output voltage; This refers to the feedback resistor in the first and second amplifiers.

8. The method for signal characterization circuit of triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the charge measurement circuit, the charge is converted into a third voltage, and the signal amplitude of the third voltage is adjusted using a charge amplitude adjustment stage circuit to obtain a third output voltage, specifically including: use Determine the charge flowing into the first amplifier and the second amplifier; where Q SC The charge of the first amplifier and the second amplifier; The TENG sensor stores the charge of the first and second amplifiers in the second capacitor, utilizing... The third voltage at which the charge is transferred to the second capacitor is determined; The third voltage is adjusted according to the charge amplitude adjustment stage, utilizing... Determine the third output voltage; where, This is the third output voltage.

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