Power backup method and device for server room

Abstract

The present invention relates to a backup power method and device for a server room, wherein a control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack based on the mains power status, the power of the main battery pack, the power of the BBU and the server load power. The on-off switching module adopts a parallel structure of a relay and a MOSFET to achieve power switching in less than 20ms. The BBU module provides transient power support after the MOSFET is pre-triggered and turned on, ensuring the power supply continuity of the server when the load suddenly changes. The BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, supports bidirectional energy flow, and realizes hot plugging and fault isolation. The present invention improves the power supply reliability and system availability of the server room in the event of a mains power outage through multi-module collaborative control, load prediction algorithm and fault tolerance mechanism. It is suitable for application scenarios such as data centers and server rooms that have high requirements for power supply continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power security and power management, and in particular to a power backup method and device for a server room. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of data centers and server systems in fields such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, the requirements for power supply continuity and stability are increasing. As a key component in server power redundancy systems, the BBU (Battery Backup Unit) has continued to develop in recent years in terms of transient power support and short-term power outage protection, and is widely used in scenarios such as RAID arrays, storage devices, and edge computing nodes. Specifically, existing BBU technology, through the collaborative operation of supercapacitors, lithium batteries, and MCUs (Microcontroller Units), has built a complete power supply guarantee system from mains detection and power switching to energy distribution. This system covers key links such as power management, load response, and fault isolation, providing a certain period of power support for servers in the event of grid fluctuations or power outages.

[0003] However, existing BBU solutions are mostly limited to short-term power supply protection for a single device, lack deep integration with the overall backup power system of the server room, and are difficult to achieve millisecond-level switching and transient high-power support when the mains power is interrupted, resulting in possible server downtime or data loss when the load suddenly changes. Specifically, the switching delay of traditional UPS systems after a mains power outage is usually at the level of several seconds, which cannot meet the high requirements of servers for power supply continuity; at the same time, there is a lack of dynamic energy distribution logic between the existing BBU and the main battery pack, making it difficult to perform intelligent scheduling according to load changes, which can easily lead to energy waste or insufficient power supply. In addition, most systems do not adopt a collaborative control structure of relays and MOSFETs, resulting in the risk of power outages during the switching process, and do not support hot plugging during maintenance, affecting system availability and operation and maintenance efficiency. Based on this, there is an urgent need for a backup power system with rapid response, intelligent management and modular deployment capabilities to improve the operational reliability of server rooms in complex power supply environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] This paper proposes a power backup method for server rooms. It achieves millisecond-level power switching through a modular design, integrates a BBU (battery backup unit) to provide transient high-power support, and ensures continuous and stable operation of servers based on dynamic energy allocation logic and ultra-low latency switching technology.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a backup power device for a server room.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a power backup method for a server room, comprising:

[0008] Detect the mains input status and transmit the detection results to the control module;

[0009] In response to a mains power outage signal, the on-off switching module is controlled to switch the power path after the MOSFET is pre-triggered and turned on, so that the server is powered by the main battery pack;

[0010] Report the power status to the control module in real time through the communication interface of the BBU module;

[0011] The control module determines the current power supply mode based on the mains power status, the main battery pack power, the BBU power and the server load power, and controls the BBU module to output instantaneous power first during transient high load, and the main battery pack gradually takes over the load;

[0012] The control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result;

[0013] The on-off switching module realizes pre-trigger conduction in less than 1ms through MOSFET after detecting mains power interruption, and the relay closes after the MOSFET is turned on, realizing power switching in less than 20ms;

[0014] The BBU module maintains voltage stability through a soft start circuit during hot swapping and maintains communication with the control module through a magnetic coupling isolation communication interface;

[0015] When the control module detects a failure of the BBU module, it controls the on-off switching module to disconnect the power supply circuit of the failed module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

[0016] The power backup method for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result, including:

[0018] When the load power is less than the preset low load threshold, the main battery pack is controlled to supply power independently, and the BBU module remains in a floating charge state;

[0019] When the load power is in the medium load range, the main battery pack is controlled to assume the main power output, and the BBU module supplements part of the power;

[0020] When the load power is greater than a preset high load threshold, the BBU module is controlled to output transient power first, and the main battery pack gradually takes over to maintain the continuity of server power supply.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control module predicts future load change trends based on server power data collected by the ADC, and dynamically adjusts the output power distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack accordingly.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter realizes bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module under the control of the MCU.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the on-off switching module includes a relay and a MOSFET in parallel, and the MOSFET is turned on before the relay is closed to maintain power supply continuity of the server.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the mains power is normal, the control module controls the start and stop of charging of the main battery pack according to whether the power level of the main battery pack is lower than a preset charging threshold.

[0025] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention further provides a backup power device for a server room, comprising:

[0026] A mains power detection module is used to detect the mains power input status and transmit the detection result to the control module;

[0027] an on-off switching module connected to the mains detection module, and responding to a mains interruption signal to control the switching of the power path to achieve switching from the mains to the main battery pack;

[0028] A BBU module is connected to the on-off switching module, responds to the transient high load demand of the server, provides instantaneous power support, and interacts with the control module through the communication interface to report the power status;

[0029] A main battery pack, connected to the on-off switching module and the BBU module, is used to gradually take over the power supply of the server load after the mains power is interrupted;

[0030] A control module, including a microcontroller unit (MCU), is connected to the mains detection module, the on-off switching module, and the BBU module. Based on the mains status, the main battery pack power level, the BBU power level, and the server load power, the control module controls the switching action of the on-off switching module and dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result.

[0031] The on-off switching module includes a relay and a MOSFET in parallel. After detecting a mains power outage signal, the MCU pre-triggers the MOSFET to turn on, thereby maintaining power supply continuity for the server before the relay is closed.

[0032] The BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module under the control of the MCU;

[0033] When the control module detects a failure of the BBU module, it controls the on-off switching module to isolate the faulty module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

[0034] The power backup method and device for a server room in the embodiments of the present invention improve the power supply reliability and system availability of the server room in the event of a city power outage through multi-module collaborative control, load prediction algorithm and fault tolerance mechanism. It is suitable for application scenarios such as data centers and server rooms that have high requirements for power supply continuity.

[0035] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0037] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a power backup method for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is an architectural diagram of a power backup method for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is an architectural diagram of an on-off control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a relay switch circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is another relay switch circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 4 is a structural diagram of a backup power device for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The following describes a power backup method and device for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a power backup method for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0047] S1, detects the mains input status and transmits the detection result to the control module;

[0048] S2, in response to the mains power interruption signal, controls the on-off switching module to switch the power path after the MOSFET is pre-triggered and turned on, so that the server is powered by the main battery pack;

[0049] S3, reports the power status to the control module in real time through the communication interface of the BBU module;

[0050] S4, the control module determines the current power supply mode based on the mains power status, the main battery pack power, the BBU power, and the server load power, and controls the BBU module to output instantaneous power first during transient high load, and the main battery pack gradually takes over the load;

[0051] S5, the control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result;

[0052] S6, after the mains interruption is detected, the on-off switching module realizes pre-trigger conduction in less than 1ms through the MOSFET, and the relay closes after the MOSFET is turned on, realizing power switching in less than 20ms;

[0053] S7, the BBU module maintains voltage stability through a soft start circuit during the hot swap process, and maintains communication with the control module through a magnetic coupling isolation communication interface;

[0054] S8, when the control module detects that the BBU module fails, it controls the on-off switching module to disconnect the power supply circuit of the failed module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 2 This is an overall architecture diagram of a power backup method for a server room according to an embodiment of the present invention. The overall data flow is as follows:

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the data interaction between the MCU control center and each module:

[0057] The MCU control center, serving as the system's "brain," is responsible for collecting and processing critical data from various modules. It receives information about the mains power status from the mains detection module to determine the current power supply environment. It also collects power data from the main battery pack and BBU modules, accurately monitoring the backup power reserve. Furthermore, the MCU uses current sensors to obtain real-time load power data from the server, providing a basis for subsequent energy allocation decisions. Based on this input data, the MCU outputs a series of control signals, instructing the on / off control module to switch between mains power and backup power, sending charging control signals to the charging circuit to regulate the charging process of the main battery pack and BBU modules, and sending energy allocation instructions to the bidirectional DC-DC converter to precisely control the energy flow between the main battery pack and BBU, ensuring the coordinated and efficient operation of the entire system.

[0058] For example, the control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack based on load forecast results, which is one of the key mechanisms for achieving efficient and stable power management in the present invention. This mechanism, based on the MCU's real-time power collection and trend prediction of the server, combined with set load thresholds, intelligently schedules the output strategies of different energy sources, thereby ensuring power continuity while improving the energy efficiency and responsiveness of the entire system.

[0059] When the server's current load power falls below a preset low-load threshold (for example, 300W), the system determines it is operating in a light-load state. At this point, the load can be met solely by the main battery pack. Therefore, the control module sets the BBU module to float charge, maintaining a near-full charge without contributing to actual power supply. This strategy effectively reduces unnecessary energy flow, lowers system losses, and extends the life of the BBU module. It is suitable for scenarios where the server is in standby or low-power operation.

[0060] When the server load power rises to the medium load range (e.g., 300W-500W), the system enters collaborative power supply mode. During this phase, the control module coordinates the energy output ratio between the main battery pack and the BBU module through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. Typically, the main battery pack takes on approximately 70% of the primary power output, while the BBU module supplements the remaining 30%, sharing transient stress on the main battery pack. This collaborative power supply approach not only improves the power supply system's responsiveness and stability but also mitigates the main battery pack's discharge rate to a certain extent, extending its effective power supply duration. It is suitable for normal server operation or light business peak periods.

[0061] When the server load power exceeds the preset high-load threshold (e.g., 500W), the system automatically switches to a high-priority emergency power supply mode. At this point, the BBU module is activated and prioritizes transient high-power output to support the server's power needs under sudden loads, such as high-power operations like CPU-intensive computing and hard disk batch writing. Simultaneously, the main battery pack gradually connects to the power supply link, completing the power takeover process within seconds to ensure a smooth and uninterrupted power supply transition. This strategy fully leverages the BBU module's millisecond-level response and instantaneous high-power output capabilities, giving the main battery pack the necessary reaction time and effectively preventing the risk of voltage drops or power outages caused by sudden load changes.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the DC-DC power supply module has a single data flow:

[0063] The DC-DC power supply module's data structure is relatively simple. It primarily receives power input from the backup battery pack, with a wide input voltage range of 10V to 30V. After internal conversion, the module provides a stable and reliable output voltage to the MCU and control circuits, typically a fixed 5V / 3.3V voltage, to ensure the proper functioning of these core control components and maintain stable operation of the entire system. Data flow is primarily unidirectional, from the backup battery pack to the control circuits, providing stable power support for the system.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the data coordination of the on-off control module:

[0065] The on-off control module acts as a "switch" in the system, and its data interaction closely revolves around power switching. It receives control signals from the MCU control center, which determine the on / off state of the relay and MOSFET, thereby enabling switching between mains power and backup power. Simultaneously, a sampling circuit within the on-off control module detects the mains power status (e.g., 220VAC) and feeds this information back to the MCU control center, providing a basis for the MCU to make appropriate control decisions. In the event of a mains power outage, the on-off control module responds quickly, ensuring that the server seamlessly switches to backup power and maintains stable operation. Its data interaction primarily involves two-way collaboration with the MCU control center, as well as real-time monitoring and feedback of the mains power status.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-directional data interaction of the BBU module:

[0067] As a key component for providing transient high-power support, the BBU module has a complex data exchange process. It receives energy input from the main battery pack and uses a bidirectional DC-DC converter to achieve bidirectional energy flow, maintaining its own charge or providing transient high-power support to the server. Simultaneously, the BBU module receives control signals from the MCU control center and executes charging and discharging operations based on these signals. Furthermore, the BBU module monitors its own status data, such as voltage, temperature, and remaining capacity, in real time and reports this data to the MCU control center via the CAN bus. This allows the MCU to fully understand the BBU module's operating status and make appropriate energy allocation and control decisions. During a mains power outage and high server load, the BBU module prioritizes transient high-power output to the server, ensuring stable operation. Its data exchange encompasses multiple aspects, including energy input, control signal reception, status data reporting, and transient power output.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy allocation of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is:

[0069] The bidirectional DC-DC converter is the key link between the main battery pack and the BBU module, responsible for enabling two-way energy flow between the two. It receives energy input from the main battery pack and the BBU module and, based on energy allocation instructions from the MCU control center, precisely controls the direction and amount of energy flow. When the main battery pack needs to charge the BBU module, the bidirectional DC-DC converter transfers energy from the main battery pack to the BBU module. When a server requires transient high-power support, it transfers energy from the BBU module to the server, ensuring optimal energy distribution within the system and meeting power supply requirements in various scenarios. Its data interaction primarily involves energy exchange with the main battery pack and BBU module, as well as receiving energy allocation instructions from the MCU control center. Through precise energy conversion and transmission, it ensures the efficient and coordinated operation of the entire backup power system.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, the DC-DC power supply module draws power from a backup battery pack to provide a stable voltage for the MCU and control circuits. This module utilizes a wide-input voltage range DC-DC converter chip (such as the LM2596), covering an input voltage range of 10V-30V and delivering a fixed output of 5V / 3.3V. Built-in overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits ensure that the MCU power supply is not affected by battery voltage fluctuations.

[0071] Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, the DC-DC power supply module, a key component of system power management, is responsible for providing a stable and reliable power supply to the MCU main control unit and peripheral control circuits. This module draws its input voltage from the device's backup battery pack, ensuring continuous control system operation during main power outages or abnormalities, ensuring uninterrupted critical operations. It is suitable for applications requiring high power stability, such as servers, edge computing devices, and intelligent hardware.

[0072] This power supply module utilizes a high-performance, wide-input voltage range DC-DC step-down converter chip (such as the LM2596). Its input voltage range covers 10V to 30V, making it compatible with a variety of battery-powered systems and adapting to voltage fluctuations under different operating conditions. The output is configured in fixed output voltage mode, typically providing dual 5V and 3.3V outputs, which are used to drive the MCU core circuit, sensor modules, and digital logic control devices, respectively, to meet the power supply needs of diverse loads. Furthermore, the module supports high-efficiency synchronous rectification technology to improve energy conversion efficiency, reduce power consumption and heat generation, and extend the backup power supply's endurance.

[0073] To enhance system safety and stability, this DC-DC power supply module incorporates multiple protection mechanisms, including overvoltage protection (OVP), overcurrent protection (OCP), and short-circuit protection (SCP). These protection circuits effectively prevent voltage surges or current overloads caused by battery aging, abnormal charging and discharging, or sudden load changes, ensuring that the MCU and other control components remain within a safe operating voltage range, preventing system crashes or hardware damage caused by power supply anomalies. This design ensures highly reliable power supply support for critical control circuits, improving the robustness and availability of the overall system.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present invention, the control module monitors the current load status in real time based on server power data collected by the ADC. It then combines historical operating data with load prediction algorithms (such as sliding window averaging, exponential smoothing, or short-term trend fitting) to predict load trends over the next period of time. This prediction results serve as the core basis for energy scheduling, dynamically adjusting the output power distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack, thereby achieving intelligent response and efficient management of the power supply system. For example, when an impending load increase is predicted, the system can pre-activate the BBU module to supplement transient power. During a load decrease, the main battery pack is prioritized and the BBU is kept in a floating charge state, thereby extending its service life and optimizing energy efficiency.

[0075] Furthermore, the BBU module consists of a high-performance supercapacitor pack and a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The supercapacitor pack features millisecond-level response speeds and high power density, making it suitable for handling sudden load fluctuations. Under the control of the MCU, the bidirectional DC-DC converter enables bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module. When the mains power is normal and the main battery pack is fully charged, the BBU can use this converter to draw energy from the main battery pack and complete self-charging. However, in the event of a mains power outage or a sudden increase in server load, the BBU can rapidly reverse discharge to supplement the main battery pack and ensure uninterrupted server power supply. This bidirectional energy management mechanism not only improves the flexibility and responsiveness of the backup power system, but also enhances the energy utilization and stability of the overall power supply chain.

[0076] Furthermore, the on-off switching module utilizes a parallel structure design of relays and MOSFETs. The relay is responsible for stable switching of the main circuit and has high voltage resistance and load-carrying capacity. The MOSFET, with its extremely low turn-on delay (<1μs), serves as a temporary conductive path to maintain continuous power supply to the server during relay operation. Specifically, when a mains power outage signal is detected, the MCU immediately drives the MOSFET to turn on, ensuring that the server still receives backup power before the relay closes. After the relay contacts are fully closed, the MOSFET automatically turns off, switching the power supply path to the main battery pack. This hybrid switching solution effectively avoids the delay issues associated with traditional single switching devices, achieving "zero interruption" during the power switching process and ensuring continuous operation of the server under extreme conditions.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, the on-off control module: core components: a combination of relays (such as HFD4 / 5 series) and MOSFETs (such as IRF540N).

[0078] Working logic:

[0079] Mode 1 (normal mains power):

[0080] When the sampling circuit detects 220VAC, the MCU controls the MOSFET to turn on through GPIO1, the relay coil is energized and closed, and the server is directly powered by the mains.

[0081] Mode 2 (mains power is normal and BBU / main battery is low):

[0082] The MCU controls the charging circuit to start through GPIO2, and the mains power is converted from AC to DC to charge the battery pack; charging automatically stops when the power reaches the threshold.

[0083] Mode 3 (mains power outage):

[0084] The MCU prioritizes BBU power supply through GPIO3 to support instantaneous high server loads (such as CPU peaks and full hard disk pressure). The main battery pack gradually takes over the load within 10 seconds.

[0085] Specifically, the on-off control module is the core component for server power switching and energy scheduling. This module utilizes a parallel structure of relays and MOSFETs. High-reliability relays (such as the HFD4 / 5 series) feature high current carrying capacity and stable mechanical switching performance. MOSFETs are low-on-resistance, high-voltage N-channel enhancement-mode transistors (such as the IRF540N), offering fast response and low power consumption. The coordinated operation of relays and MOSFETs enables seamless switching between different power supply modes, ensuring continuous server operation under various power conditions.

[0086] The working logic of this module is divided into three main modes, corresponding to different mains power status and battery status, as follows:

[0087] Mode 1 (normal mains power):

[0088] When the sampling circuit detects a normal 220V AC input voltage, the MCU determines that mains power is available and switches to the primary power path. At this point, the MCU outputs a high-level signal through the GPIO1 pin, turning on the MOSFET and energizing the relay coil, closing its contacts and introducing mains power to the server power bus. The server is directly powered by the mains, maintaining optimal system efficiency and preparing for potential subsequent switching operations.

[0089] Mode 2 (mains power is normal and BBU / main battery is low):

[0090] If the mains power is normal but the charge level of the connected backup power source (BBU or main battery pack) falls below a set threshold, the MCU activates the charging circuit via GPIO2. The mains power is converted from AC to DC to output a stable DC voltage, which manages the charging of the BBU and main battery pack. The system's built-in charge detection mechanism monitors battery status in real time and automatically shuts down charging when the battery level reaches a preset safety threshold, preventing overcharging damage and ensuring battery health and cycle life. In this mode, the system balances power supply stability with energy reserve management, improving the sustainability of the overall power supply system.

[0091] Mode 3 (mains power outage):

[0092] When the sampling circuit detects a mains power anomaly or complete interruption, the MCU immediately initiates the emergency power supply process. First, GPIO3 is used to trigger the BBU module's MOSFET to turn on, allowing the BBU to quickly connect to the power supply link and support the high server load demands (such as burst CPU computing and intensive hard drive reads and writes) during a power outage. Because the BBU utilizes a supercapacitor design, it has transient high-power output capabilities and can provide peak power support for seconds to tens of seconds. Simultaneously, the system gradually directs the main battery pack to take over power within 10 seconds, achieving a smooth transition from the BBU to the main battery and preventing data loss or service disruptions caused by power outages.

[0093] In summary, this invention achieves efficient and reliable control of server power supply paths through an on-off control module composed of relays and MOSFETs, combined with multi-mode switching logic and intelligent power management strategies. Whether operating in normal utility conditions, during charging management, or during power outage emergencies, the system can rapidly respond based on real-time status, ensuring uninterrupted operation of critical services. This significantly improves system availability and stability in server rooms, data centers, and other environments with high power continuity requirements.

[0094] In one embodiment of the present invention, the BBU module:

[0095] Hardware design:

[0096] Supercapacitor group: Adopts Maxwell 48V / 165F supercapacitor array, supporting instantaneous charging and discharging (response time <1ms).

[0097] Bidirectional DC-DC converter: enables bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU, with efficiency >95%.

[0098] Communication interface: Connected to MCU via CAN bus to report voltage, temperature and remaining capacity in real time.

[0099] Control logic:

[0100] Mode 1 (normal mains power): The BBU is in float charge mode and the main battery pack maintains full charge.

[0101] Mode 2 (mains power outage): The MCU prioritizes BBU power supply to support instantaneous high server loads (such as CPU peaks); the main battery pack gradually takes over the load within 10 seconds.

[0102] Mode 3 (BBU failure): The MCU automatically isolates the faulty module, switches to the main battery pack for independent power supply, and issues an alarm through the LED / buzzer.

[0103] Specifically, the BBU module, a key emergency energy source in the server power supply system, is designed to handle emergencies such as utility outages, voltage sags, or delayed main power switching. Utilizing a high-performance hardware architecture and intelligent control logic, the module responds to power demands within milliseconds, ensuring stable server operation during power outages. It is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring extremely high power continuity, such as data centers, edge computing nodes, and high-availability server platforms.

[0104] BBU module hardware composition and functional features:

[0105] Supercapacitor bank design:

[0106] The core energy storage unit of the BBU module utilizes a Maxwell 48V / 165F supercapacitor array, which boasts exceptionally high transient power response capabilities. With a charge and discharge response time of less than 1 millisecond, it can deliver or absorb large amounts of energy in a fraction of a second, meeting the power demands of servers under sudden loads (such as CPU peaks and hard drive write storms). Compared to traditional lead-acid or lithium batteries, supercapacitors offer advantages such as long cycle life, maintenance-free operation, and excellent low-temperature performance, making them adaptable to diverse operating environments.

[0107] Bidirectional DC-DC converter:

[0108] The module incorporates a high-efficiency, bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit, enabling bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU. With an efficiency exceeding 95%, this converter enables rapid charge and discharge management and intelligent scheduling between different energy sources, ensuring a highly efficient and stable power supply chain. For example, when the mains power is restored, the system can charge the BBU from the main battery pack; in the event of a mains power outage, the BBU reversely powers the system, creating a closed-loop energy management mechanism.

[0109] Communication interface and status monitoring:

[0110] The BBU connects to the MCU via a CAN bus communication interface, reporting key parameters such as current voltage, temperature, remaining capacity, and health status in real time, facilitating refined power scheduling and fault warnings. This communication method offers advantages such as strong anti-interference capabilities, long transmission distances, and standardized protocols, making it suitable for industrial applications.

[0111] BBU module control logic and operation mode:

[0112] Mode 1 (normal mains): floating charge maintenance mode;

[0113] When the mains power is normal, the BBU module is kept in a "floating charge" state by the main battery pack through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, maintaining a full reserve of power. In this state, the BBU does not actively output energy, but only serves as an emergency energy storage unit on standby. At the same time, it continuously uploads its status information to the MCU via the CAN bus to facilitate system health management and resource pre-judgment.

[0114] Mode 2 (mains power outage): BBU power supply is enabled first;

[0115] If the MCU detects a mains power anomaly or complete interruption, it immediately triggers the BBU power supply process. With its millisecond-level response speed and high power density, the BBU can quickly take over server power supply duties and support transient high-load scenarios (such as peak CPU computing, memory-intensive operations, and hard drive writes). Simultaneously, the system initiates the main battery pack connection process, completing a smooth transition from the BBU to the main battery in approximately 10 seconds, minimizing the risk of power interruptions.

[0116] Mode 3 (BBU failure): automatic isolation and alarm mechanism;

[0117] If an internal fault occurs in a BBU module (such as capacitor aging, voltage abnormalities, or communication interruption), the MCU determines the fault severity based on collected status information and implements the appropriate fault tolerance strategy. Specifically, the system automatically isolates the faulty BBU module from the power supply chain, reverting to independent power from the main battery pack to ensure business continuity. Furthermore, the system notifies maintenance personnel through flashing LED indicators and an audible buzzer, ensuring prompt action, enhancing system visualization and fault response efficiency.

[0118] In summary, the BBU module provided by this invention integrates a high-performance supercapacitor bank, an efficient bidirectional DC-DC converter, and a CAN bus communication interface. Combined with three typical operating modes, it enables rapid response, intelligent scheduling, and fault isolation for server power systems. This module not only improves the reliability and energy efficiency of power supply systems but also provides solid technical support for building high-availability edge computing and data center infrastructure.

[0119] In one embodiment of the present invention, the MCU control center:

[0120] Selection: Use STM32F407 series MCU, integrated with multiple ADCs, PWM and CAN bus interfaces.

[0121] Specifically, the system uses an STM32F407 series microcontroller as the control core for the entire power management and fault isolation system. Based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, this MCU offers high performance, low power consumption, and a rich set of peripheral interfaces, making it suitable for complex industrial control and intelligent power management systems. Its 168MHz clock speed and built-in floating-point unit (FPU) enable efficient processing of real-time multi-dimensional data such as voltage, current, and temperature, while enabling rapid response to abnormal events.

[0122] Hardware interface resources and function configuration:

[0123] Multi-channel ADC interface:

[0124] The STM32F407 integrates up to 16 12-bit high-precision analog-to-digital conversion channels for real-time acquisition of analog signals from key system nodes, including mains input voltage, voltage / current of the main battery pack and BBU module, and ambient temperature. Through high-speed sampling and filtering algorithms, the MCU accurately determines the current power supply status and provides data support for subsequent decision-making.

[0125] PWM output interface:

[0126] The MCU provides multiple programmable PWM output channels for controlling actuators such as DC-DC converters, fan speed control circuits, or LED indicators. For example, during charging, the MCU can precisely control the charging current by adjusting the PWM duty cycle, implementing a constant current / constant voltage charging strategy, improving charging efficiency and extending battery life.

[0127] CAN bus communication interface:

[0128] The built-in CAN controller supports the standard CAN 2.0B protocol, enabling high-speed, reliable data exchange with BBU modules, BMCs, or other intelligent devices via the CAN transceiver. This interface is used to obtain BBU status information (such as remaining capacity and health score), report local fault information, and receive remote control commands, enabling the construction of a distributed power supply monitoring network.

[0129] Software architecture and task scheduling mechanism:

[0130] The MCU runs a lightweight embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) that implements multi-tasking concurrent scheduling, including:

[0131] Status monitoring task: periodically read ADC sampling values, calculate and update system operating parameters;

[0132] Fault identification task: Determine whether power outages, overloads, low battery, and other abnormalities have occurred based on set thresholds and change trends;

[0133] Control decision-making task: Switch the on-off control logic according to the current mode and coordinate the actions of relays, MOSFETs and BBUs;

[0134] Communication management tasks: responsible for CAN bus data transmission and reception, heartbeat packet maintenance and remote command analysis;

[0135] Logging and alarm tasks: Record key events in non-volatile memory and drive a buzzer or LED to issue an alarm.

[0136] System reliability design:

[0137] To enhance system stability, the MCU also integrates a watchdog timer (IWDG / WWDG) to prevent program runaway. Furthermore, key registers and status data are regularly backed up to Flash or EEPROM, ensuring context recovery after a power outage. Furthermore, the MCU supports a low-power standby mode, automatically entering sleep mode when idle to reduce power consumption and waking only via external interrupts (such as a mains outage), further improving overall energy efficiency.

[0138] In summary, this invention uses the powerful and interface-rich STM32F407 series MCU as the control center, combined with multi-channel ADC acquisition, PWM control, and CAN communication capabilities, to achieve comprehensive perception and precise control of the power supply system status. This MCU control center not only meets the system's requirements for real-time performance, stability, and intelligent management, but also provides a solid hardware and software foundation for building a high-availability server power supply solution.

[0139] In summary, in order to more clearly understand the implementation process of the power backup method for a server room of the present invention, each module is configured as follows:

[0140] The hardware deployment is as follows:

[0141] Device installation: Attach the backup power device to the server power input terminal and connect it to the mains, main battery pack, and BBU module through the wiring terminals;

[0142] Battery pack selection: Main battery pack: 48V / 100Ah lithium battery pack, supporting 2 hours of full load operation. oBBU module: 48V / 165F supercapacitor pack, supporting instantaneous power ≥5kW.

[0143] Heat dissipation design: BBU module: 48V / 165F supercapacitor group, instantaneous power support ≥5kW.

[0144] Among them, parameter configuration:

[0145] Power threshold: Main battery pack charging threshold: 80%; discharge threshold: 20%.

[0146] When the mains power is normal, charging begins when the main battery pack's charge threshold falls below 80%. This prevents frequent charging and discharging that could affect battery life, or insufficient energy storage, from being too low. When the discharge falls below 20%, an alarm (red light, buzzer, etc.) sounds.

[0147] BBU charging threshold: 95%; discharging threshold: 5%. When the BBU is operating normally, charging begins when the BBU charging threshold falls below 95%. When the BBU discharging threshold falls below 5%, an alarm (red light, buzzer, etc.) is issued.

[0148] Switching delay:

[0149] Mains to battery pack: <20ms.

[0150] Main battery pack to BBU: <1ms

[0151] Among them, the dynamic energy allocation logic:

[0152] Control strategy:

[0153] Load prediction algorithm: The MCU collects server power data in real time (through current sensors) and predicts load change trends within the next 5 seconds.

[0154] Energy distribution rules:

[0155] Low load (<300W): The main battery pack supplies power independently, and the BBU maintains floating charge.

[0156] Medium load (300W-500W): The main battery pack takes 70% of the power, and the BBU supplements 30%.

[0157] High load (>500W): The BBU prioritizes transient power output (lasting ≤30 seconds), and the main battery pack gradually takes over.

[0158] Hardware Implementation: Bidirectional DC-DC Converter: Utilizes the TI LM5170 chip, supporting bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU. Communication Protocol: Load data and control commands are transmitted via the CAN bus, with a refresh rate of 1kHz.

[0159] Among them, ultra-low latency switching technology:

[0160] Hardware optimization: Hybrid switch circuit: Relay: used for main path switching (HFD4 series, closing time 10ms). MOSFET: connected in parallel with the relay contact (IRF540N, conduction delay <1μs), providing a temporary conductive path during relay operation. Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0161] Algorithm collaboration: Pre-trigger mechanism: After detecting the mains power outage signal, the MCU drives the MOSFET to turn on 1ms in advance to ensure that the server is powered on before the relay closes.

[0162] Workflow:

[0163] 1. When the mains power is normal:

[0164] The MCU outputs a high level through GPIO1, the relay coil is energized, the contacts are closed, and the server is powered by the mains.

[0165] The MOSFET gate voltage is low and is in the off state.

[0166] 2. Mains power interruption detection:

[0167] After the MCU detects the mains power interruption signal, it immediately outputs a high level through GPIO2, triggering the optocoupler to turn on.

[0168] The MOSFET gate voltage is turned on quickly (delay < 1μs), forming a temporary conductive path.

[0169] 3. During the relay closing period:

[0170] During the 10ms period when the relay contacts are closed, the MOSFET is continuously turned on, and the server is temporarily powered by the backup power supply through the MOSFET.

[0171] After the relay contacts are fully closed, the MOSFET gate voltage drops to a low level and turns off automatically.

[0172] 4. When the utility power is restored:

[0173] The MCU switches back to GPIO1 control, the relay disconnects the backup power path, and the MOSFET remains off.

[0174] Among them, modularity and fault-tolerant design:

[0175] Hot-swap support:

[0176] Interface design:

[0177] Power interface: XT90 connector, supports hot plugging (voltage 60V, current 100A).

[0178] Communication interface: Magnetically coupled isolated CAN bus (ADI ADM3053) to prevent signal interference during hot plugging.

[0179] Power management: The BBU module has a built-in supercapacitor (5-second slow start) to ensure no voltage mutation when plugging or unplugging.

[0180] Fault Isolation Mechanism: Fault Detection: Voltage / temperature sensors monitor BBU status in real time (accuracy ±1%). Heartbeat packet detection: The MCU sends heartbeat commands every 100ms. A BBU fault is determined if three heartbeats time out. Isolation Logic: The MCU controls the MOSFET to disconnect the power supply circuit to the faulty BBU. Alarms are provided via a buzzer and a solid red LED indicator.

[0181] Specifically, the implementation process of the power backup method for a server room of the present invention is described in detail below from four aspects: hardware deployment, parameter configuration, dynamic energy allocation logic, and ultra-low latency switching technology.

[0182] In the hardware deployment and module selection, the system uses an external backup power device installed at the server power input end, and connects to the mains power, main battery pack and BBU module through standard wiring terminals to build a complete power supply chain. The main battery pack uses a 48V / 100Ah high-performance lithium battery pack, which has the ability to support the server to run at full load for about 2 hours, and is suitable for power guarantee in medium- and long-term power outage scenarios; the BBU module uses a Maxwell 48V / 165F supercapacitor group, which has an instantaneous power output capacity of ≥5kW and can respond to sudden load changes in milliseconds to ensure that the server does not interrupt operation during the main power switching. In addition, for the high-power density BBU module, the system has also designed a dedicated heat dissipation structure, including air cooling or heat conduction channels, to ensure that it maintains a stable temperature during frequent charging and discharging, extending its service life and improving the system's thermal management capabilities.

[0183] In terms of key parameter settings and threshold control, the system has set a number of parameters and trigger thresholds to achieve refined power management. The charging start threshold of the main battery pack is set to the current power level below 80% to avoid affecting the battery life due to frequent charging and discharging; and when the power level drops below 20%, the system will send an alarm signal through a flashing red light and a buzzer to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to deal with it in time. For the BBU module, its charging threshold is set to 95% to ensure that it is always in a state close to full charge to deal with emergencies; when discharged to below 5%, it will also trigger an alarm mechanism to prevent deep discharge from affecting the performance of the supercapacitor. These parameter settings take into account both energy storage efficiency and equipment life. While ensuring emergency power supply capabilities, it also improves the sustainable operation capability of the system.

[0184] The system incorporates an MCU-based intelligent energy scheduling mechanism within its dynamic energy allocation logic and control strategy. This mechanism collects real-time server power data and, combined with load prediction algorithms (such as sliding window averaging or short-term trend fitting), predicts load trends within the next five seconds, dynamically adjusting the energy allocation ratio between the main battery pack and the BBU. Specifically, when the server is under low load (<300W), the main battery pack provides independent power, while the BBU maintains a floating charge. Under medium load (300W-500W), the main battery pack assumes 70% of the power output, with the BBU providing the remaining 30%, achieving coordinated energy supply. Under high load (>500W), the BBU prioritizes transient power output (lasting ≤30 seconds) to allow the main battery pack time to gradually take over the load, ensuring uninterrupted power to the server during sudden high power consumption events. This control logic is executed by a bidirectional DC-DC converter (such as the TI LM5170) integrated within the MCU, enabling efficient energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU. Load data and control commands are transmitted via the CAN bus at a 1kHz refresh rate, ensuring fast and accurate system response.

[0185] The system utilizes ultra-low-latency switching technology and a modular fault-tolerant design, combining a hybrid switching circuit with a pre-trigger mechanism to achieve seamless power switching. The on / off control module consists of a relay (such as the HFD4 series) and a MOSFET (such as the IRF540N) connected in parallel. The relay is responsible for switching the main path, with a closing time of approximately 10ms. The MOSFET, connected in parallel with the relay contacts, has a turn-on delay of less than 1μs, providing a temporary conductive path during relay operation, ensuring uninterrupted power during the switching process. The switching process is as follows: When the mains power is normal, the MCU drives the relay to close, powering the server with the mains power and turning off the MOSFET. If a mains power anomaly is detected, the MCU immediately turns on the MOSFET, establishing a temporary power path. Within 10ms of the relay closing, the MOSFET remains on, powering the server from the backup power source. After the relay closes, the MOSFET automatically turns off, restoring the normal power path. The system also features a modular and fault-tolerant design, supporting hot-swappable BBU modules. The communication interface utilizes a magnetically coupled isolated CAN bus (such as the ADI ADM3053) to prevent signal interference during plugging and unplugging. A 5-second soft-start mechanism is built into the BBU to prevent voltage spikes caused by hot plugging and unplugging. For fault detection, the system monitors the BBU status via voltage and temperature sensors (with an accuracy of ±1%) and a heartbeat packet mechanism (once every 100ms). If no heartbeat response is received three times in a row, a fault is detected. The MCU controls the MOSFET to disconnect the power supply circuit, and a red LED lights up steadily, along with a buzzer alarm, alerting maintenance personnel to address the issue.

[0186] In summary, the present invention has built a high-availability backup power system suitable for server rooms by rationally selecting and deploying hardware modules, scientifically setting control parameters, intelligently and dynamically allocating energy, and combining software and hardware collaboration to achieve ultra-low latency switching and modular fault-tolerant design. It significantly improves the system stability and reliability in scenarios such as data centers and edge computing nodes that have high requirements for power supply continuity.

[0187] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0188] High reliability: Millisecond-level switching time (main battery pack <20ms, BBU <1ms) ensures continuous server operation.

[0189] Transient power supply capability: The BBU supports instantaneous high loads (e.g., 5kW / 30 seconds), preventing server downtime due to sudden power surges.

[0190] Intelligent management: Dynamic charge and discharge strategies extend battery life (main battery pack cycle times increased by 30%).

[0191] Modular design: supports plug-and-play and hot-swap maintenance, with system availability reaching 99.999%.

[0192] Cost advantage: The external design does not require modification of the existing power supply architecture, reducing deployment costs by 50%.

[0193] The backup power method for server rooms in the embodiments of the present invention boasts high reliability, demonstrated by millisecond-level switching times: a main battery pack switching time of less than 20ms, and a BBU switching time of less than 1ms. This effectively ensures continued stable server operation during power grid outages, preventing data loss and service interruptions caused by power outages. Furthermore, the system boasts robust transient power supply capabilities, with the BBU supporting instantaneous high loads (e.g., 5kW / 30 seconds). This can handle sudden power surges in servers during transient high loads, such as hard drive write peaks, and prevent server downtime. In terms of intelligent management, a dynamic charging and discharging strategy is employed, enabling intelligent regulation based on battery status and load demand, effectively extending battery life and increasing the main battery pack cycle count by 30%. The modular design supports plug-and-play and hot-swappable maintenance, significantly enhancing system flexibility and maintainability. Furthermore, the external design eliminates the need to modify the existing power architecture, reducing deployment costs by 50%, providing enterprises with a cost-effective and efficient backup power solution.

[0194] In order to implement the above embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment also provides a backup power device 10 for a server room, including:

[0195] The mains power detection module 100 is used to detect the mains power input status and transmit the detection result to the control module;

[0196] The on-off switching module 200 is connected to the mains detection module and controls the switching of the power path in response to the mains interruption signal to achieve the switching from the mains to the main battery pack;

[0197] The BBU module 300 is connected to the on-off switching module, responds to the transient high load demand of the server, provides instantaneous power support, and interacts with the control module through the communication interface to report the power status;

[0198] A main battery pack 400 is connected to the on-off switching module and the BBU module, and is used to gradually take over the power supply of the server load after the mains power is interrupted;

[0199] The control module 500 includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) connected to the mains detection module, the on-off switching module, and the BBU module. The control module controls the switching action of the on-off switching module based on the mains status, the main battery pack power level, the BBU power level, and the server load power, and dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result.

[0200] The on-off switching module includes a relay and a MOSFET in parallel. After detecting a mains power outage signal, the MCU pre-triggers the MOSFET to turn on, thereby maintaining power supply continuity for the server before the relay is closed.

[0201] The BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module under the control of the MCU;

[0202] When the control module detects a failure of the BBU module, it controls the on-off switching module to isolate the faulty module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

[0203] Furthermore, the control module includes an ADC interface, a PWM interface and a CAN bus interface, which are used to collect server power data, control the conduction state of the MOSFET and communicate with the BBU module.

[0204] Furthermore, the BBU module communicates with the control module via a magnetically coupled isolated CAN bus to prevent signal interference during hot plugging.

[0205] Furthermore, after detecting a mains power interruption, the on-off switching module achieves pre-trigger conduction in less than 1ms through MOSFET, and the relay closes after the MOSFET is turned on, achieving power switching in less than 20ms.

[0206] Furthermore, when the mains power is normal, the control module controls the start and stop of charging of the main battery pack according to whether the power level of the main battery pack is lower than a preset charging threshold.

[0207] The backup power device for a server room in an embodiment of the present invention improves the power supply reliability and system availability of the server room in the event of a city power outage through multi-module collaborative control, load prediction algorithm, and fault-tolerant mechanism. It is suitable for application scenarios such as data centers and server rooms that have high requirements for power supply continuity.

[0208] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0209] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

Claims

1. A power backup method for a server room, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Detect the mains input status and transmit the detection results to the control module; In response to a mains power outage signal, the on-off switching module is controlled to switch the power path after the MOSFET is pre-triggered and turned on, so that the server is powered by the main battery pack; Report the power status to the control module in real time through the communication interface of the BBU module; The control module determines the current power supply mode based on the mains power status, the main battery pack power, the BBU power and the server load power, and controls the BBU module to output instantaneous power first during transient high load, and the main battery pack gradually takes over the load; The control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result; The on-off switching module realizes pre-trigger conduction in less than 1ms through MOSFET after detecting mains power interruption, and the relay closes after the MOSFET is turned on, realizing power switching in less than 20ms; The BBU module maintains voltage stability through a soft start circuit during hot swapping and maintains communication with the control module through a magnetic coupling isolation communication interface; When the control module detects a failure of the BBU module, it controls the on-off switching module to disconnect the power supply circuit of the failed module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The control module dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result, including: When the load power is less than the preset low load threshold, the main battery pack is controlled to supply power independently, and the BBU module remains in a floating charge state; When the load power is in the medium load range, the main battery pack is controlled to assume the main power output, and the BBU module supplements part of the power; When the load power is greater than a preset high load threshold, the BBU module is controlled to output transient power first, and the main battery pack gradually takes over to maintain the continuity of server power supply.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The control module predicts future load change trends based on server power data collected by the ADC, and dynamically adjusts the output power distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack accordingly.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The bidirectional DC-DC converter realizes bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module under the control of the MCU.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The on-off switching module includes a relay and a MOSFET in parallel. The MOSFET is turned on before the relay is closed to maintain the continuity of power supply to the server.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the mains power is normal, the control module controls the start and stop of charging of the main battery pack according to whether the power level of the main battery pack is lower than a preset charging threshold.

7. A backup power device for a server room, characterized in that: include: A mains power detection module is used to detect the mains power input status and transmit the detection result to the control module; an on-off switching module connected to the mains detection module, and responding to a mains interruption signal to control the switching of the power path to achieve switching from the mains to the main battery pack; A BBU module is connected to the on-off switching module, responds to the transient high load demand of the server, provides instantaneous power support, and interacts with the control module through the communication interface to report the power status; A main battery pack, connected to the on-off switching module and the BBU module, is used to gradually take over the power supply of the server load after the mains power is interrupted; A control module, including a microcontroller unit (MCU), is connected to the mains detection module, the on-off switching module, and the BBU module. Based on the mains status, the main battery pack power level, the BBU power level, and the server load power, the control module controls the switching action of the on-off switching module and dynamically adjusts the energy distribution ratio between the BBU module and the main battery pack according to the load prediction result. The on-off switching module includes a relay and a MOSFET in parallel. After detecting a mains power outage signal, the MCU pre-triggers the MOSFET to turn on, thereby maintaining power supply continuity for the server before the relay is closed. The BBU module includes a supercapacitor group and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy flow between the main battery pack and the BBU module under the control of the MCU; When the control module detects a failure of the BBU module, it controls the on-off switching module to isolate the faulty module and sends an alarm signal through the alarm module.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein The control module includes an ADC interface, a PWM interface and a CAN bus interface, which are used to collect server power data, control the MOSFET conduction state and communicate with the BBU module.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein The BBU module communicates with the control module via a magnetically coupled isolated CAN bus to prevent signal interference during hot plugging.

10. The device according to claim 7, wherein After the mains power interruption is detected, the on-off switching module realizes pre-trigger conduction in less than 1ms through MOSFET, and the relay closes after the MOSFET is turned on, realizing power switching in less than 20ms.

11. The device according to claim 7, wherein When the mains power is normal, the control module controls the start and stop of charging of the main battery pack according to whether the power level of the main battery pack is lower than a preset charging threshold.

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