Electrode-integrated direct-current double-brush stacked electrostatic motor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to an electrode-integrated direct-current double-brush stacked electrostatic motor, which comprises a shell, a rotating shaft, a bearing, stator discs, rotor discs, stator disc conducting rods, rotor disc conducting rods, a commutator and the like, the stator disc conducting rod alternately introduces positive and negative electrodes of an external high-voltage direct-current power supply into each layer of stator disc electrode; the rotor disc conducting rod transmits charges output by the commutator to each rotor disc electrode; the commutator is integrated on a rotor disc and synchronously contacts the stator disc and the rotor disc conductive rod to switch charges. According to the invention, through the electrode cluster and double-brush commutation structure, the structure and assembly of the motor are simplified, the number of brushes is reduced, the contact friction, noise and energy loss are reduced, the electrostatic field intensity or charge transmission efficiency is improved, and higher torque density, lower energy consumption and more stable and safer operation are realized under the same volume.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and in particular relates to a DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with collectively connected electrodes. Background Art

[0002] Since its conception, the electrostatic motor, a device that uses electrostatic force to achieve energy conversion, has undergone a long period of laboratory exploration. In recent years, with breakthroughs in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, it has gradually demonstrated its unique value in fields such as micro-drives and precision control. With its simple structure, high efficiency at low speeds, and zero power consumption when stalled, the electrostatic motor has become an important complement to the electromagnetic motor and is widely used in various applications requiring precise control and efficient energy conversion.

[0003] Typical single-layer cylindrical DC electrostatic motors such as Figure 1 As shown, it applies high-voltage direct current to the cylindrical stator plates, alternating positive and negative electrodes between adjacent plates to form an electrostatic field surrounding the cylindrical surface. Contact with the stator brushes charges the rotor blades, generating torque under the action of this electric field, enabling continuous rotation. Because the single-layer columnar structure only arranges the plates axially, the effective electrode area per unit volume is limited, resulting in low output torque and power density, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-load or high-power density applications.

[0004] In order to improve the output torque, researchers proposed a stacked multi-layer DC electrostatic motor structure, such as Figure 2 The figure shows a stacked multi-layer DC electrostatic motor structure previously proposed by the applicant. By alternately stacking stator discs 1 and rotor discs 2 in multiple layers along the axial direction, the effective electrode area is linearly increased, significantly improving space utilization and torque output. In this structure, each layer of stator electrodes is arranged in an alternating positive and negative pattern on both its front and back surfaces. The rotor electrodes switch charge polarity via brushes 3 or electric field induction, and a continuous force is applied between the upper and lower stator electrodes to achieve rotational energy conversion.

[0005] While the stacked structure offers significant advantages in output per unit volume, the number of brushes increases linearly with the number of stator layers and the number of plates per layer. Specifically, if each stator layer has N electrodes, N brushes are required. When the number of stacked layers reaches L, the total number of brushes can reach N × L cascades. This not only significantly increases the difficulty of manufacturing and debugging, but also leads to complex wiring and long assembly times.

[0006] The sharp increase in the number of brushes also brings about many adverse effects: on the one hand, the contact friction resistance between the brushes and the rotor disk increases significantly with the increase in number, resulting in increased operating noise and energy loss; on the other hand, in order to ensure reliable conduction of the brushes, the insulating coating in the contact area needs to be removed. Excessive uninsulated areas limit the maximum operating voltage that the motor can withstand, increase the risk of breakdown, and affect operational stability and safety.

[0007] Furthermore, the large number of brushes limits the minimum spacing between the stator and rotor discs, which in turn limits the potential for increasing the electric field strength. Since electrostatic field strength is inversely proportional to electrode spacing, excessive spacing or a loose structure reduces electrostatic force output efficiency, making it difficult to further increase torque density within the same volume.

[0008] How to maintain the high torque output advantage of stacked multi-layer DC electrostatic motors while reducing the difficulty of manufacturing and debugging and improving the operating stability and safety of the motors is a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the present invention aims to solve the technical problems of the existing multi-layer stacked DC electrostatic motor, such as the difficulty in manufacturing and debugging, complex wiring, increased operating friction resistance and energy consumption, and limited maximum operating voltage and high breakdown risk caused by the linear increase in the number of brushes with the number of stator layers and the number of electrodes per layer. The present invention provides a DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes, which significantly simplifies the brush structure and improves the stability and safety of the motor while maintaining the advantage of high torque output.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: A DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes, comprising: The housing is used to cover the stator disc and rotor disc and provide electrostatic shielding; A rotating shaft, passing through the center of the housing and fixedly connected to the rotor disk, for outputting torque; a bearing, supporting the rotating shaft; A plurality of stator discs and a plurality of rotor discs are alternately stacked and arranged in the housing, and the stator discs and the rotor discs are coaxially arranged; There are multiple stator disc conductive rods, which penetrate the multiple layers of stator discs axially and are used to alternately introduce the positive and negative poles of the external high-voltage DC power supply into the electrodes of each layer of the stator disc; At least two rotor disk conductive rods are provided, axially penetrating the multi-layer rotor disks and used to transfer the charge output by the commutator to the electrodes of each rotor disk; The commutator is integrated on a rotor disk and includes two brush ends, which synchronously contact the stator disk conductive rods and the rotor disk conductive rods, and are used to switch the charge of the stator disk electrodes when passing through the stator disk conductive rods and transfer it to all rotor disk electrodes through the rotor disk conductive rods.

[0011] In an example of the present application, the stator disk includes a first insulating substrate, and positive and negative conductive sheets are arranged on both the front and back surfaces of the first insulating substrate, with positive and negative alternating distributions. The positive conductive sheets are dispersed on the front surface of the first insulating substrate and connected to the back surface through a positive internal connecting ring. The negative conductive sheets are dispersed on the back surface of the first insulating substrate and connected to the front surface through a negative internal connecting ring. Each electrode is axially penetrated and electrically connected by the stator disk conductive rod.

[0012] In an example of the present application, the shapes of the electrodes on the front and back sides of the first insulating substrate are flipped 180° with respect to each other but have the same polarity, a second conductive hole is provided on the positive conductive sheet, a first conductive hole is provided on the negative conductive sheet, and the stator disk conductive rod includes a third conductive rod and a fourth conductive rod, wherein the third conductive rod is conductively connected to the second conductive holes of multiple stator disks, and the fourth conductive rod is conductively connected to the first conductive holes of multiple stator disks, and when one brush end in the commutator is electrically connected to the third conductive rod, the other brush end is electrically connected to the fourth conductive rod.

[0013] In an example of the present application, the rotor disk includes a second insulating substrate, and the rotor disk electrodes are divided into two groups, A and B. The electrodes of group A are connected through an outer connecting ring of group A arranged on the periphery of the rotor disk, and are electrically connected to the first conductive rod through a third conductive hole. The electrodes of group B are connected through an inner connecting ring of group B arranged on the inner side of the rotor disk, and are electrically connected to the second conductive rod through a fourth conductive hole. The first conductive rod and the second conductive rod penetrate the multi-layer rotor disk axially and are electrically connected to the two groups of electrodes, A and B, respectively.

[0014] In an example of the present application, the number of electrodes in group A and the number of electrodes in group B on the rotor disk are both odd, and the two brushes in the rotor disk with a commutator are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk.

[0015] In an example of the present application, a first avoidance opening is provided on the inner connecting ring of group B, at least one electrode end of the electrodes in group A is passed through the first avoidance opening, the third conductive hole is provided at the end of the electrode in group A inserted into the first avoidance opening, and the fourth conductive hole is provided at the extension portion of the inner connecting ring of group B toward the side close to the rotating shaft, and the third conductive hole and the fourth conductive hole are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk.

[0016] In one example of the present application, a second avoidance opening is provided on the outer connecting ring of group A, and at least one electrode end of the electrodes of group B is extended through the second avoidance opening. The commutator includes a first brush and a second brush, wherein the first brush is provided at the end of the electrode of group B extending out of the second avoidance opening and is electrically connected thereto, and the second brush is provided at a position extending outward on the outer connecting ring of group A and is electrically connected to the electrode of group A.

[0017] In an example of the present application, the same electrodes are symmetrically distributed on the front and back surfaces of the rotor disk.

[0018] In an example of the present application, the commutator is arranged on the top rotor disk of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator is arranged on the middle rotor disk of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator is arranged on the bottom rotor disk of the electrostatic motor.

[0019] In one example of the present application, an insulating dielectric liquid is provided inside the housing, and the insulating dielectric liquid is used for lubrication and as a dielectric liquid between the rotor disk and the stator disk. The upper and lower ends of the housing are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft through bearings.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes described in the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This application uses an electrode group connection and dual-brush commutation structure to concentrate all stator electrodes and introduce the polarity of the high-voltage DC power supply through the stator disk conductive rod, and concentrate all rotor electrodes through two rotor disk conductive rods and only two brush ends to achieve polarity switching, which greatly simplifies the motor structure and assembly process, significantly reduces the number of brushes, and thus reduces the contact friction between the brush and the rotor disk, reduces operating noise and energy loss, optimizes the manufacturing and debugging process, and improves production efficiency.

[0021] 2. This application uses a low-viscosity, high-dielectric-constant insulating liquid filled between the stator disk and the rotor disk to form a lubricating layer to reduce friction, and amplifies the electrostatic field force with its high dielectric constant characteristics. Through the symmetrical flipping and center-symmetrical arrangement of electrodes and conductive hole structures, field distortion and torque neutrality are further eliminated, and the charge transfer efficiency and electric field uniformity are improved, thereby achieving higher torque density and output power in the same volume.

[0022] 3. This application innovatively divides the rotor disk electrodes into two groups, and uses a commutator integrated in the rotor disk to achieve synchronous switching of the electrode polarity in the entire group at the moment of sweeping across the stator disk conductive column, so that the rotor disk electrodes can quickly and accurately respond to changes in the stator disk electric field and continuously obtain stable driving force. At the same time, a conductive column structure that runs through the top and bottom is adopted to simplify the number of brushes to only two and is independent of the number of stacking layers, which greatly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing, assembly and debugging, and reduces brush friction, noise and energy loss. The integrated design of the commutator and rotor disk rotating at the same speed avoids additional weight and resistance, and significantly improves the torque density, operating efficiency, stability and reliability of the motor while simplifying the structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a DC cylindrical electrostatic motor in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked multi-layer DC electrostatic motor previously disclosed by the applicant; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator disk and the rotor disk in the dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a common rotor disk in a dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotor disk with a commutator in a dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the stator disc in the double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reverse side structure of the stator disc in the double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a side view schematic diagram of a single-stage structural component in a dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; The marks in the figure are: 1. Stator disc; 101. First insulating substrate; 102. Positive conductive sheet; 103. Negative conductive sheet; 104. First conductive hole; 105. Second conductive hole; 106. Negative inner connecting ring; 107. Positive inner connecting ring; 2. Rotor disc; 201. Second insulating substrate; 202. Group A conductive sheet; 203. Group B conductive sheet; 204. Group A outer connecting ring; 205. Group B inner connecting ring; 206. Third conductive hole ; 207, fourth conductive hole; 208, first avoidance; 209, second avoidance; 4, housing; 5, rotating shaft; 6, bearing; 7, rotor disk conductive rod; 701, first conductive rod; 702, second conductive rod; 8, stator disk conductive rod; 801, third conductive rod; 802, fourth conductive rod; 9, commutator; 901, first brush; 902, second brush; 10, insulating dielectric liquid; 11, commutating rotor disk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. Technologies, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc. in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc. are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or device comprising the element.

[0029] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, the present application discloses a DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes, comprising: The housing 4 is used to cover the stator disk 1 and the rotor disk 2 and provide electrostatic shielding; A rotating shaft 5 passes through the center of the housing 4 and is fixedly connected to the rotor disk 2 for outputting torque; A bearing 6 supports the rotating shaft 5; A plurality of stator discs 1 and a plurality of rotor discs 2 are alternately stacked and arranged in the housing 4, and the stator discs 1 and the rotor discs 2 are coaxially arranged; There are multiple stator disc conductive rods 8, which penetrate the multiple layers of stator discs 1 axially and are used to alternately introduce the positive and negative poles of the external high-voltage DC power supply into the electrodes of each layer of the stator disc 1; At least two rotor disc conductive rods 7 are provided, axially penetrating the multi-layer rotor discs 2, and used to transfer the charge output by the commutator 9 to the electrodes of each rotor disc 2; The commutator 9 is integrated on a rotor disk 2 and includes two brush ends, which synchronously contact the stator disk conductive rod 8 and the rotor disk conductive rod 7, and are used to switch the charge of the stator disk electrode when passing through the stator disk conductive rod 8 and transfer it to all rotor disk electrodes through the rotor disk conductive rod 7.

[0030] The electrode-collected DC dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor described in the present invention alternately stacks stator disks 1 and rotor disks 2 axially within a housing 4. Each set of alternately stacked stator disks 1 and rotor disks 2 constitutes a single-stage structural assembly. Stator disk conductive rods 8 and at least two rotor disk conductive rods 7, namely a first conductive rod 701 and a second conductive rod 702, are disposed between the multiple stacked stator disks 1 and rotor disks 2. The positive and negative electrodes of each stator disk 1 receive alternating positive and negative charges from a high-voltage DC power supply via the stator disk conductive rods 8. The electrodes of each rotor disk 2 are connected to the two brush ends of a commutator 9 via the two rotor disk conductive rods 7. The commutator 9 rotates synchronously with the shaft. The brush ends of the commutator 9 simultaneously contact the stator disk conductive rods 8 and the rotor disk conductive rods 7 as they pass through them, transferring the charge on the stator disk conductive rods 8 to the rotor disk conductive rods 7 and switching the charge polarity of the two rotor electrode groups A and B. This eliminates the need for separate brushes for each rotor electrode; only two brush ends are required to achieve polarity switching for all rotor disk electrodes. When alternating positive and negative high-voltage direct current is applied to the stator disk conductive rods 8, an electrostatic field surrounding the axial direction is formed in each layer of the stator disk 1. When the rotor disk 2 rotates under the action of the rotating shaft, the two brush ends of its integrated commutator 9 successively contact the positive and negative stator disk conductive rods 8 and synchronously switch the charges they carry. The charge is transmitted to all stacked rotor disk electrodes through the two rotor disk conductive rods 7, so that they carry charges with the same polarity as the current stator disk 1, and are repelled or attracted in the electrostatic field, which drives them to continue rotating and maintain the same direction in the next commutation cycle, thereby realizing continuous and stable drive of multiple layers of rotor disks.

[0031] The electrode-grouped DC dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor described in the present application significantly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing and debugging, reduces wiring and assembly time, and reduces brush contact friction resistance and operating noise by grouping the rotor electrodes and concentrating charge switching by two brush ends and the commutator 9. At the same time, since the uninsulated area is greatly reduced, the maximum operating voltage that the motor can withstand is improved, the breakdown risk is reduced, and the operating stability and safety of the motor are enhanced; at the same time, the minimum spacing between the stator disk 1 and the rotor disk 2 is optimized, which provides space for the improvement of the electric field strength, further improving the torque density and output power of the motor.

[0032] As a preferred example of the present application, the stator disk 1 includes a first insulating substrate 101, and positive and negative alternatingly distributed positive and negative conductive sheets 102 and negative conductive sheets 103 are provided on both the front and back surfaces of the first insulating substrate 101. The positive conductive sheets 102 are dispersed on the front surface of the first insulating substrate 101 and are connected to the back surface through a positive internal connecting ring 107. The negative conductive sheets 103 are dispersed on the back surface of the first insulating substrate 101 and are connected to the front surface through a negative internal connecting ring 106. The shapes of the electrodes on the front and back surfaces of the first insulating substrate 101 are flipped 180° to each other but have the same polarity. Each electrode is axially penetrated and electrically connected by the stator disk conductive rod 8. In the example of the present application, the stator disk 1 uses a high-performance electrically insulating substrate as a carrier, and conductive sheets of the same polarity are arranged alternately on the front and back sides of the electrically insulating substrate, and each layer of the stator disk 1 is axially penetrated by stator disk conductive rods 8 equal to the number of single-sided electrodes. When an external high-voltage DC power supply is introduced into the conductive sheets of opposite polarities on the front and back sides through multiple stator disk conductive rods 8 with alternating positive and negative polarities, multiple annular axial electric fields are formed in the circumference of the stator disk 1, thereby significantly improving the electrostatic field output efficiency in a compact volume, and due to the reversal of the shape of the electrodes on the front and back sides combined with the scattered and annular connection structure, the local field distortion and corona discharge are effectively reduced, and the manufacturing and assembly process is optimized, reducing the difficulty of debugging.

[0033] As a preferred example of the present application, a second conductive hole 105 is provided on the positive conductive sheet 102, a first conductive hole 104 is provided on the negative conductive sheet 103, and the stator disk conductive rod 8 includes a third conductive rod 801 and a fourth conductive rod 802, wherein the third conductive rod 801 is conductively connected to the second conductive holes 105 of multiple stator disks 1, and the fourth conductive rod 802 is conductively connected to the first conductive holes 104 of multiple stator disks 1, and when one brush end in the commutator 9 is electrically connected to the third conductive rod 801, the other brush end is electrically connected to the fourth conductive rod 802. In the example of the present application, by arranging positive and negative alternating pole pieces on both sides of the first insulating substrate 101, and the electrodes on both sides of the first insulating substrate 101 connected to the same stator disk conductive rod 8 have the same polarity, a second conductive hole 105 is opened on the positive conductive sheet 102 of the stator disk 1, a first conductive hole 104 is opened on the negative conductive sheet 103, and a third conductive rod 801 and a fourth conductive rod 802 conductively connected thereto are respectively provided, wherein the third conductive rod 801 axially penetrates all the second conductive holes 105 of the multi-layer stator disk 1, and concentrates the positive charge of the high-voltage DC power supply into each layer of the positive conductive sheet, and the fourth conductive rod 802 axially penetrates all the first conductive holes 105 of the multi-layer stator disk 1 The conductive hole 104 concentrates the negative charge of the high-voltage DC power supply into each layer of the negative conductive sheet. Under the action of the rotating shaft, the two brush ends of the commutator 9 synchronously contact the third conductive rod 801 and the fourth conductive rod 802 to switch the charge polarity, thereby achieving polarity switching of all stator disc 1 electrodes without the need to arrange brushes separately for each electrode. This structure not only simplifies the wire and assembly process, improving manufacturing efficiency, but also effectively reduces the contact resistance between the conductive rod and the electrode, reducing energy loss. Moreover, because the electrode aperture and the conductive rod size are closely matched, corona discharge is significantly suppressed and the electric field distribution is optimized, so that the entire stator disc system can stably output a high-intensity uniform electric field under high-voltage working conditions. In the example of the present application, the second conductive hole 105 is arranged on the outer ring side of the positive conductive sheet 102 away from the rotating shaft 5, and the first conductive hole 104 is arranged on the outer ring side of the negative conductive sheet 103 away from the rotating shaft 5.

[0034] As a preferred example of the present application, the rotor disk 2 includes a second insulating substrate 201. The electrodes of the rotor disk 2 are divided into two groups, A and B. The electrodes of group A are connected through the outer connecting ring 204 of group A and are electrically connected to the first conductive rod 701 through the third conductive hole 206. The electrodes of group B are connected through the inner connecting ring 205 of group B and are electrically connected to the second conductive rod 702 through the fourth conductive hole 207. The first conductive rod 701 and the second conductive rod 702 penetrate the multi-layer rotor disk axially and are electrically connected to the two groups of electrodes A and B, respectively. In the example of the present application, the rotor electrodes are divided into two groups, A and B, on a second insulating substrate with electrical insulation properties, and one group of electrodes is routed through the outer ring of the plate surface and concentrated on a conductive rod, and the other group of electrodes is routed through the inner ring of the plate surface and concentrated on another conductive rod. As a result, the electrodes of group A are electrically connected to the first conductive rod 701 through the outer connecting ring 204 of group A and the third conductive hole 206, and the electrodes of group B are electrically connected to the second conductive rod 702 through the inner connecting ring 205 of group B and the fourth conductive hole 207. The two groups of electrodes of all rotor disk layers are respectively connected to the two brush ends of the commutator 9 through their respective conductive rods. Therefore, during the rotation of the rotor, only two brushes are required to synchronously commutate and power all the rotor electrodes of group A and group B, eliminating the need to arrange brushes and complex routing for each electrode separately, thereby significantly simplifying the manufacturing, assembly and debugging processes.

[0035] As a preferred example of the present application, the electrodes in group A and group B on the rotor disk 2 are both odd numbers, and the two brushes in the rotor disk 2 with the commutator 9 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk 2. In the example of the present application, by dividing the electrodes on the rotor disk 2 into two odd-numbered groups and coordinating the commutator 9 with a symmetrical structure, the two brush ends of the commutator 9 always contact the positive conductive rod at one end and the negative conductive rod at the other end during the rotation process, thereby ensuring that each time commutation occurs, the electrodes in group A and group B must obtain opposite charge polarities in pairs. This design not only achieves reliable polarity switching without complex control logic, but also eliminates possible "no charge" neutral positions through odd-numbered grouping, allowing the rotor disk to continuously obtain driving force in the electric field and thus achieve smooth and continuous rotation.

[0036] As a preferred example of the present application, a first avoidance opening 208 is provided on the inner connecting ring 205 of group B, through which one of the electrodes of group A passes. The third conductive hole 206 is provided at the end of the electrode inserted into the first avoidance opening 208, and the fourth conductive hole 207 is provided on the inner connecting ring 205 of group B and extends toward the side close to the rotating shaft 5. The third conductive hole 206 and the fourth conductive hole 207 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk 2. In the example of the present application, the first conductive rod 701 and the second conductive rod 702 of the rotor disk conductive rod 7 are both provided on the inner ring side of the rotor disk 2 close to the rotating shaft 5, and the third conductive rod 801 and the fourth conductive rod 802 of the stator disk conductive rod 8, which are used to connect the positive and negative electrodes of each layer of the stator disk 1, are both provided on the outer ring side of the stator disk 1 away from the rotating shaft 5. In the example of the present application, a first avoidance opening 208 is opened on the inner connecting ring 205 of group B, so that one end of the electrode of group A can pass through the first avoidance opening 208, and a third conductive hole 206 is set at the end position, and a fourth conductive hole 207 is set on the extension of the inner connecting ring 205 of group B toward the side of the rotating shaft 5, so that the conductive holes of the electrodes of group A and group B are respectively arranged symmetrically along the center of the rotor disk 2, and the two rotor disk conductive rods 7 are arranged on the inner ring side close to the rotating shaft 5, and the stator disk conductive rod 8 is arranged on the outer ring side away from the rotating shaft 5. This not only effectively saves the inner ring space and improves the installation accuracy of the conductive rods and the conductive holes, but also ensures the consistency of the charge transfer path length through the central symmetrical arrangement, optimizes the electric field distribution, and the inner and outer rings are arranged in partitions, which simplifies the assembly process of the parts without interference, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency.

[0037] As a preferred example of the present application, a second avoidance opening 209 is provided on the outer connecting ring 204 of group A. On the rotor disk 2 where the commutator 9 is provided, one of the electrodes of group B extends out of the second avoidance opening 209. The commutator 9 includes a first brush 901 and a second brush 902. The first brush 901 is provided at the end of the electrode extending out of the second avoidance opening 209, and the second brush 902 is provided on the outer connecting ring 204 of group A and extends outward. In the example of the present application, as Figure 7As shown, by providing a second avoidance opening 209 on the outer connecting ring 204 of group A, the rotor disk 2 of the commutator 9 is configured as a commutating rotor disk 11. At least one end of the group B electrodes in the commutating rotor disk 11 can pass through the avoidance opening and directly contact the first brush 901, while the group A electrodes are in stable contact with the second brush 902 through the extension provided outwardly of the outer connecting ring 204 of group A. When the motor is running, the first brush 901 of the commutator 9 introduces charge into the group B electrodes through the end of the group B electrodes passing through the second avoidance opening 209, and the second brush 902 introduces charge into the group A electrodes through contact with the outer connecting ring 204 of group A, thereby forming an alternating positive and negative potential distribution in the circumferential direction of the rotor disk 2. When the rotor disk 2 enters the axial electrostatic field region of the stator disk 1, the group A and group B electrodes are successively subjected to attraction or repulsion forces to generate torque, which drives the rotor to continue rotating, and maintains the same charge distribution and force action in the next commutation process, thereby achieving continuous and stable drive of the multi-layer rotor disk.

[0038] As a preferred example of the present application, the same electrodes are symmetrically distributed on the front and back surfaces of the rotor disk 2. In the example of the present application, two groups of odd-numbered electrodes, A and B, are symmetrically arranged in the same manner on the front and back surfaces of the electrically insulating second insulating substrate 201, namely, group A conductive sheets 202 and group B conductive sheets 203. Among them, multiple group A conductive sheets 202 are connected through group A outer connecting rings 204 with outer ring wiring, and multiple group B conductive sheets 203 are connected through group B inner connecting rings 205 with inner ring wiring. Conductive holes are provided on both the front and back surfaces of each group of electrodes, and are centrally electrically connected to the two rotor disk conductive rods 7. This ensures that the same charge distribution and electric field effect can be guaranteed regardless of the front and back sides of the rotor disk, thereby simplifying design and manufacturing. The completely symmetrical electrode layout eliminates the performance difference between the front and back sides, ensuring that the rotor is evenly stressed throughout the rotation process and does not cause vibration or efficiency loss due to single-sided differences.

[0039] As a preferred example of the present application, the commutator 9 is arranged on the top rotor disk 2 of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator 9 is arranged on the middle rotor disk 2 of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator 9 is arranged on the bottom rotor disk 2 of the electrostatic motor. Preferably, the rotor disk 2 on which the commutator 9 is arranged is the topmost rotor disk 2 of the motor. In the example of the present application, the commutator 9 is arranged on the topmost rotor disk 2 of the alternating stack of stator disks 1 and rotor disks 2. This not only takes into account space utilization efficiency, but also facilitates the connection of the commutator 9 with the external circuit, making the contact path between the commutator 9 and the rotor disk 2 and the stator disk conductive rod 8 as short as possible to reduce contact resistance and friction loss. It also makes it easy for the brush end of the commutator 9 to be directly connected to the external power supply and control circuit through the topmost position, thereby simplifying the overall electrical interface design and reducing the length of the wires, improving assembly efficiency and maintenance convenience, while ensuring the compact arrangement of the commutator without taking up additional space. In the example of the present application, a stator disk 1 is arranged on opposite sides of each rotor disk 2.

[0040] As a preferred example of the present application, an insulating dielectric liquid 10 is provided inside the housing 4. The insulating dielectric liquid 10 is used for lubrication and as a dielectric liquid between the rotor disk 2 and the stator disk 1. The upper and lower ends of the housing 4 are both rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 5 through bearings 6. In the example of the present application, an insulating dielectric liquid 10 with a low viscosity and a high dielectric constant, such as silicone oil, is injected between the stator disks 1 and the rotor disks 2 that are alternately stacked inside the motor housing 4. The liquid not only forms a lubricating layer between adjacent disks to reduce friction, but also amplifies the electrostatic field force with its high dielectric constant characteristics. At the same time, the rotating shaft 5 is supported by bearings 6 through the upper and lower ends of the housing 4, which not only ensures the concentric rotation of the rotating shaft 5 and the rotor disk 2, but also realizes reliable isolation and electrostatic shielding of the external and internal structures, thereby enabling the motor to operate stably for a long time under high load and high speed conditions, and achieve higher efficiency, lower noise and longer service life. In the example of the present application, combined with the electric field strength E=U / d, the electric field strength is only related to the voltage U and the spacing d. By increasing the relative dielectric constant, according to the capacitance determination formula, the capacitance between the rotor electrode and the stator electrode can be increased. Because the charge Q=CU, the capacitance C increases, and when the voltage U remains unchanged, the charge Q increases, and the electrostatic force F=Q×E, when the electric field strength remains unchanged, the charge Q increases, thereby increasing the electrostatic force F.

[0041] The present application realizes the polarity switching of all rotor electrodes by concentrating the stator disk 1 and the rotor disk 2 in multiple layers alternately along the axial direction, and adopts an electrode collection and double-brush commutation structure. The polarity of the high-voltage DC power supply is introduced by the stator disk conductive rod 8, and all rotor electrodes are concentrated by two rotor disk conductive rods 7 and only two brush ends. At the same time, a low-viscosity and high-dielectric-constant insulating liquid is filled between the stator disk 1 and the rotor disk 2 and under the commutator 9 as lubrication and dielectric, and a symmetrical electrode layout and a center-symmetrical conductive hole distribution are realized on the front and back sides of the stator disk and the rotor disk, thereby simplifying the structure and assembly, reducing the number of brushes and contact friction, and optimizing the manufacturing and debugging process. In addition, in the example of the present application, the rotor disk and the stator disk are both insulated, and no brushes are required in between, so the spacing can be further reduced, E=U / d, d is reduced, and E can be further increased, or under the condition that E remains unchanged, the operating voltage U is reduced, which significantly improves the electrostatic field strength or charge transfer efficiency, eliminates torque neutrality and field distortion, and reduces the risk of corona discharge and breakdown, providing a strong guarantee for the motor to achieve higher torque density, lower energy consumption, smoother continuous drive and higher operational reliability in the same volume.

[0042] The present invention discloses a DC type double brush stacked electrostatic motor with electrode cluster connection, comprising several Figure 10 The single-stage structural assembly shown, each of which includes a stacked stator disc 1 and a rotor disc 2, has circular outer contours, and the rotor disc 2 has an outer contour diameter smaller than that of the stator disc 1. Under the combined action of the upper and lower stator disc 1 electrodes, the electrodes of the rotor disc 2 generate a driving force due to the principle that like charges repel and opposite charges attract, which manifests as the rotor rotating around its axis. When the electrodes of the rotor disc 2 move to directly above the opposite-charge electrodes of the stator disc 1 due to the electric field, the commutator 9 changes the polarity of the rotor disc 2 electrode charge to the same polarity. In the next movement interval, the force exerted by the stator disc 1 electrode on the rotor disc 2 electrode changes from an attractive force to a repulsive force, while the force exerted by the next stator disc electrode on the rotor disc electrode becomes an attractive force, thereby achieving continuous movement.

[0043] The electrode-collected DC dual-brush stacked electrostatic motor described in the present invention forms an alternating electric field in the circumferential direction of the stator disk by connecting to high-voltage direct current. The conductive rotor disk 2 receives the charge transmitted by the commutator and moves under force in the high-voltage electric field, thereby driving the shaft to rotate and output torque. By collecting the electrodes of the rotor disk 2 into two groups and introducing the commutator 9, the number of brushes of the entire motor is reduced to 2, which greatly simplifies the structure and improves space utilization without causing excessive resistance.

[0044] The most significant difference between the DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes described in the present invention and existing electrostatic motors is: (1) The electrodes of the rotor disk 2 are divided into two groups, which can change the electrical polarity of the electrodes in the entire group at the moment when the commutator 9 sweeps across the conductive columns of the stator disk.

[0045] (2) By running the conductive columns up and down, the number of brushes in the entire stacked motor is simplified to 2, regardless of the number of stacked layers.

[0046] (3) The commutator 9 is integrated on one rotor disk and rotates at the same speed as the other rotor disks, automatically changing the electrode polarity of the rotor disk. The control method is simple and does not bring additional weight and resistance.

[0047] In the example of the present application, the rotor disk 2 with the commutator 9 can be located at the top, bottom or middle of the DC stacked electrostatic motor, and the shapes of the protrusions at both ends of the commutator 9 can also be other shapes; the carbon brushes protruding at both ends of the commutator can also be other conductive materials; the brushes protruding at both ends of the commutator 9 can also be conductive micro rollers or bearings to reduce friction.

[0048] In the examples of the present application, the electrode shapes of the rotor disk and stator disk, and the patterns of the inner and outer ring wiring of the present invention can all be changed.

[0049] In the examples of this application, the size, height, number of stacked layers and spacing of the present invention are adjustable and can be larger or smaller.

[0050] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor with integrated electrodes, characterized in that: include: A housing (4) for covering the stator disc (1) and the rotor disc (2) and providing electrostatic shielding; A rotating shaft (5) passes through the center of the housing (4) and is fixedly connected to the rotor disk (2) for outputting torque; A bearing (6) supporting the rotating shaft (5); A plurality of stator discs (1) and a plurality of rotor discs (2) are alternately stacked and arranged in the housing (4), and the stator discs (1) and the rotor discs (2) are coaxially arranged; A plurality of stator disc conductive rods (8) are provided, axially penetrating the multiple layers of stator discs (1), and used to alternately introduce the positive and negative poles of an external high-voltage DC power supply into the electrodes of each layer of the stator discs (1); At least two rotor disk conductive rods (7) are provided, axially penetrating the multi-layer rotor disks (2) and used to transfer the charge output by the commutator (9) to the electrodes of each rotor disk (2); A commutator (9) is integrated on a rotor disk (2) and includes two brush ends that synchronously contact the stator disk conductive rod (8) and the rotor disk conductive rod (7) and are used to switch the charge of the stator disk electrodes when passing through the stator disk conductive rod (8) and transmit it to all rotor disk electrodes through the rotor disk conductive rod (7).

2. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator disk (1) comprises a first insulating substrate (101), and positive and negative alternatingly distributed positive and negative conductive sheets (102) and negative conductive sheets (103) are provided on both the front and back surfaces of the first insulating substrate (101). The positive conductive sheets (102) are dispersed on the front surface of the first insulating substrate (101) and connected to the back surface via a positive internal connecting ring (107). The negative conductive sheets (103) are dispersed on the back surface of the first insulating substrate (101) and connected to the front surface via a negative internal connecting ring (106). The electrodes are axially penetrated and electrically connected by the stator disk conductive rod (8).

3. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrodes on the front and back sides of the first insulating substrate (101) are 180° flipped but have the same polarity. A second conductive hole (105) is provided on the positive conductive sheet (102), and a first conductive hole (104) is provided on the negative conductive sheet (103). The stator disc conductive rod (8) includes a third conductive rod (801) and a fourth conductive rod (802), wherein the third conductive rod (801) is conductively connected to the second conductive holes (105) of the plurality of stator discs (1), and the fourth conductive rod (802) is conductively connected to the first conductive holes (104) of the plurality of stator discs (1). When one brush end in the commutator (9) is electrically connected to the third conductive rod (801), the other brush end is electrically connected to the fourth conductive rod (802).

4. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The rotor disk (2) comprises a second insulating substrate (201), and the electrodes of the rotor disk (2) are divided into two groups, A and B. The electrodes of group A are connected via an outer connecting ring (204) of group A arranged on the periphery of the rotor disk, and are electrically connected to the first conductive rod (701) via a third conductive hole (206). The electrodes of group B are connected via an inner connecting ring (205) of group B arranged on the inner side of the rotor disk, and are electrically connected to the second conductive rod (702) via a fourth conductive hole (207). The first conductive rod (701) and the second conductive rod (702) penetrate the multi-layer rotor disk in the axial direction and are electrically connected to the electrodes of group A and group B, respectively.

5. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The number of electrodes in group A and group B on the rotor disk (2) is an odd number, and the two brushes in the rotor disk (2) with the commutator (9) are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk (2).

6. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first avoidance opening (208) is provided on the inner connecting ring (205) of the group B, and at least one electrode end of the group A electrodes is inserted into the first avoidance opening (208). The third conductive hole (206) is provided at the end of the group A electrode inserted into the first avoidance opening (208), and the fourth conductive hole (207) is provided at an extension of the inner connecting ring (205) of the group B toward a side close to the rotating shaft (5). The third conductive hole (206) and the fourth conductive hole (207) are symmetrically arranged along the center of the rotor disk (2).

7. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second avoidance opening (209) is provided on the A group outer connecting ring (204), and at least one electrode end of the B group electrodes is inserted through the second avoidance opening (209). The commutator (9) comprises a first brush (901) and a second brush (902), wherein the first brush (901) is provided at the end of the B group electrode extending through the second avoidance opening (209) and is electrically connected thereto, and the second brush (902) is provided at a position extending outward on the A group outer connecting ring (204) and is electrically connected to the A group electrode.

8. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The same electrodes are symmetrically distributed on the front and back surfaces of the rotor disk (2).

9. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The commutator (9) is arranged on the top rotor disk (2) of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator (9) is arranged on the middle rotor disk (2) of the electrostatic motor, or the commutator (9) is arranged on the bottom rotor disk (2) of the electrostatic motor.

10. The electrode-collected DC double-brush stacked electrostatic motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating dielectric liquid (10) is provided inside the housing (4), and the insulating dielectric liquid (10) is used for lubrication between the rotor disk (2) and the stator disk (1) and serves as a dielectric liquid. The upper and lower ends of the housing (4) are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (5) via bearings (6).

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